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Caloric Needs
• Birth–3 months– 102 kcals/kg
• 4-6 months– 82 kcals/kg
• 7-12 months– 80 kcals/kg
• 13-35 months– 82 kcal/kg
Breastfeeding
• The preferred feeding for all infants.– The American Academy of
Pediatrics
• Many benefits
Benefits of Breastfeeding
• Optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrate, and fat
• Protection against infection and allergies
• Low risk of contamination• Reduced incidence of:
diarrhea, ear infections and necrotizing enterocolitis, etc.
• Increased bonding between mother and infant
• Earlier return to pre-pregnancy weight
Rates of Breastfeeding in the U.S.
• In 2007– 74% of mothers initiated
breastfeeding– 42% continued to 6 months
• In 2001– 69.5% of mothers initiated
breastfeeding– 32% continued to 6 months
Rates of Breastfeeding in the U.S.
• Lower rates among:
– Less educated individuals – Single, young, or employed
– African American & Hispanic populations
The Healthy People 2010 Goals
• Achieve initiation rates of 75%
• Rates of breastfeeding at 6 months of 50%
• Rates of breastfeeding at 12 months of 25%
Formulas
• Appropriate substitute for feeding
• Available in 3 forms:– Ready to feed– Concentrated liquid– Powder
Formulas Cont.
• Standard Cow Milk based • Soy• Protein hydrolysate• Amino Acid based• Follow-up formulas• Cow milk
Transition to Solid Foods
• Start with rice cereal • Then vegetables & fruits• Introduce only one new
food at a time• Wean from breast or
bottle around 1 year old
Transition to Table Foods
• From 12 to 24 months old– Increase variety of table
foods – Increase texture of foods
( from puree to chunky to small pieces)
Feeding 12–24 months
Milk and Milk Products
4 servings
Meat and ProteinFoods
2 servings
Breads, Cereals and Starches
4 or more servings
Fruits and Vegetable
4 or more servings
Fats and Oils
3 servings
4-6 ounces whole milk and milk products
½ -1 ounce meat or egg ¼ cup
legumes
½ - 1 slice bread,
¼ - ½ cup cereal, rice
or pasta
3 ounces juice (limit to one serving) and 1-2 tablespoons fruits and vegetables
Do not limit
Foods to Avoid
• Peanut butter, shell fish, and honey
• Chocking hazards: nuts, raw carrots, popcorn, round candy, hot dogs and grapes
Growth
• By 1 year:– Birth wt. triples – Length increases 50%
• Monitored closely• Growth charts
– Boys/Girls Birth-36 month
– Boys/Girls 2-20 years– Syndrome specific
"To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is
an art."- La Rochefoucauld
This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California. These institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food Stamp Program provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help buy nutritious foods for a better diet. For information on the Food Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483.