NWMP Progress Report

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA

THE PROJECT ON

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER MASTER PLAN

2030

PROGRESS REPORT (4)

JULY 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Location Map

Progress Report (4) Summary

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. S - 1 The Development of the National Water Master Plan 2030

SUMMARY

1. Introduction

1-1) The present National Water Master Plan was prepared in 1992 (NWMP (1992)). After that, the situation of water sector was much changed. After enactment of the Water Act 2002, the water sector reform has been implemented. The Kenya Vision 2030 was prepared in 2007 which showed the countrys new development blueprint. The water demands are increasing with population growth and also social and economic developments. Further, the global climate change is becoming a great challenge in Kenya. Under such circumstances, renewal of the NWMP (1992) was taken up.

1-2) The objectives of the development of the national water master plan 2030 (the Study) are as follows:

1) To assess and evaluate availability, reliability, quality, and vulnerability of countrys water resources up to around the year 2050 taking into consideration climate change,

2) To renew the National Water Master Plan towards the year 2030 (NWMP 2030) taking into consideration climate change,

3) To formulate action plan for activities of WRMA regional offices up to the year 2022 to strengthen their capability, and

4) To strengthen capacity of water resources management through transfer of technology.

1-3) The Study covers the entire area of Kenya. The study area is divided into six catchment areas. The study will be carried out over a period of about 33 months and it consists of two phases of Phase 1: Survey and Analysis on Present Conditions (about 16 months) and Phase 2: Formulation of Master Plan (about 17 months). The responsible agency for the Study is Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) and the implementing agency is Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA).

1-4) The Phase 1 was substantially started in October 2010 and completed in January 2012. All results of the Phase 1 works were compiled in the Interim Report. The Interim Report includes current situation of the relevant subsectors, hydro-meteorological analysis result considering climate change and assessment of water resources potential, etc.

1-5) The Phase 2 was substantially started in April 2012 and is scheduled to be completed in June 2013. This Progress Report (4) describes the interim results of the Phase 2 as of the middle of July 2012 and include general direction and targets for NWMP 2030 formulation, water resources allocation policy, water demand meeting, institutional strengthening strategy, etc.

2. Macro-frameworks for NWMP 2030

2-1) Previous administrative division comprised of provinces, districts, divisions, locations and sub locations. With the new Constitution, administrative division comprises of counties, districts, divisions, locations and sub location. The number of counties is 47. This Study

Summary Progress Report (4)

The Development of S - 2 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. the National Water Master Plan 2030

uses counties as a basic administration division.

2-2) The number of persons enumerated during the 2009 Population and Housing Census was 38.6 million representing an increase of 35% from 28.7 million of the 1999 Census at an average rate of 3.0% annually. Majority of the population still resides in the rural areas. As of 2009, 67.7% of the population is living in the rural area and 32.3% in the urban centres. Based on the 2009 Census data and the projection of the Kenya Vision 2030, the projected population for 2030 was estimated at 67.84 million, in which 63% of the population reside in the urban areas.

2-3) The economy of Kenya has been largely dependent on agriculture and tourism in the past. According to the 2012 Economic Survey, Kenya continues to recover steadily from the multiple shocks that the country suffered since 2008. According to the 2012 Budget Policy Statement (BPS), the Kenyan Economy achieved a peak GDP of 5.8% in 2010. Given the growth prospect of BPS and the recent growth trend in East Africa, the target growth rate of 10% of the Vision 2030 is expected to achieve in the later period as shown below, and then the growth rate will decline gradually as the economy becomes mature thereafter.

Year Growth Rate (%) Year Growth Rate (%) Year Growth Rate (%) Year Growth Rate (%)2010 6 2016 8 2021 10 2026 9 2011 5 2017 9 2022 10 2027 9 2012 5 2018 9 2023 10 2028 9 2013 6 2019 9 2024 10 2029 8 2014 6 2020 10 2025 10 2030 8 2015 8

2-4) The future water resources of Kenya were evaluated considering the climate change effect. Considering the data availability for emission scenarios (A1B) adopted for this study and evaluation of reproducibility of Kenyan climate characteristics, 11 GCMs were used for the future climate projection for 2030 and 2050. According to the multi-model ensemble analysis of 11 GCMs, the increase of the surface air temperature seems to be unavoidable in the future. The surface temperature will increase around 1C by 2030 and 2 C by 2050 uniformly from the current climate. The mean annual rainfall and evapotranspiration are expected to increase for 2030 and 2050 as below.

(Unit: mm/year) Item 2010 2030 2050

Mean Annual Rainfall 672 742 794 Mean Annual Potential Evapotranspiration 544 608 655

2-5) Based on the projected future climates the water resources was estimated by using Similar Hydrologic Element Response (SHER) model. By the analysis, the renewable water resources, defined to be theoretically maximum usable freshwater resources, were estimated as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Source 2010 2030 2050

Renewable Water Resources 76,610 80,474 83,583 Surface Water 20,637 24,894 26,709 Groundwater Recharge 55,973 55,580 56,874



2-6) The renewable surface water estimated are summarized by catchment as below. (Unit: MCM/year)

Catchment CA (km2) 2010 2030 2050 Lake Victoria North 18,374 4,626 4,969 5,455 Lake Victoria South 31,734 4,773 5,749 7,005 Rift Valley 130,452 2,457 3,045 3,794 Athi 58,639 1,198 1,334 1,711 Tana 126,026 5,858 7,261 7,383 Ewaso Ngiro North 210,226 1,725 2,536 1,361

Total 575,451 20,637 24,894 26,709

2-7) The above groundwater recharge is not the groundwater sustainably exploitable (safe yield). It is quite difficult to estimate the safe yield of groundwater and it is empirically said that the safe yield is around 10% of groundwater recharge. This study adopted 10% of groundwater recharge as safe yield. The estimated safe yields are summarized by catchment as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Catchment CA (km2) 2010 2030 2050

Lake Victoria North 18,374 708 703 720 Lake Victoria South 31,734 874 868 888 Rift Valley 130,452 1,402 1,392 1,425 Athi 58,639 333 330 338 Tana 126,026 879 873 893 Ewaso Ngiro North 210,226 1,401 1,391 1,424

Total 575,451 5,597 5,558 5,687

2-8) Based on the existing available data such as Census 2009, Kenya Vision 2030, statistic data, etc., the water demands of domestic, industrial, irrigation, livestock, wildlife and inland fisheries were estimated for 2010 and projected for 2030 as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Water Demand 2010 2030

Domestic 681 2,556 Industrial 54 250 Irrigation 2,026 7,550 Livestock 351 715 Wildlife 8 8 Fisheries 15 26

Total 3,136 11,105

2-9) The water demands of the target year 2030 are summarized by catchment and subsector as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Catchment Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total

Lake Victoria North 428 19 733 146 0 5 1,331 Lake Victoria South 472 20 1,505 212 2 5 2,216 Rift Valley 259 17 459 137 3 2 877 Athi 899 179 754 91 2 4 1,929 Tana 297 14 3,987 105 0 5 4,408 Ewaso Ngiro North 201 1 112 24 1 5 344

Total 2,556 250 7,550 715 8 26 11,105

3. National Water Policy and Development Targets

3-1) The National Water Policy was published in 1999 as Sessional Paper No.1 of 1999 on National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development (NWP 1999) and it is



currently under revision to align with the new Constitution of Kenya as National Water Policy 2012 (NWP 2012). The NWP 2012 includes nine policy objectives on the water resources management, provision of water services, water for production, institutional framework, financing arrangement and cross cutting issues.

3-2) Kenya Vision 2030 is the countrys new development blueprint covering the period 2008 to 2030. It aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrialising, middle-income country providing a high quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030. The national development targets on the water sector in the Vision 2030 are as follows:

1) Water and sanitation; to ensure that improved water and sanitation are available and accessible to all.

2) Agriculture; utilisation of a million hectares of currently uncultivated land, and new cultivation of up to 1.2 million hectares of newly-opened lands.

3) Environment; to be a nation that has a clean, secure and sustainable environment by 2030.

Under the Vision 2030, more concrete targets are proposed as flagship projects for 2008 2012 for water and sanitation sector.

4. Overall Concept and Framework by Subsector

4-1) The objective of NWMP 2030 is to present a framework for water resources development and management consistent with the countrys social and economic development activities. The NWMP 2030 will consist of the following nine component plans.

Development Plans 1) Water Supply Development Plan 2) Sanitation Development Plan 3) Irrigation Development Plan 4) Hydropower Development Plan 5) Water Resources Development Plan Management Plans 6) Water Resources Management Plan 7) Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan 8) Environmental Management Plan Institutional Plan 9) Institutional Strengthening Plan

4-2) The development plans and management plans will be prepared for each of the following WRMAs six catchment areas, while the institutional plan will be prepared at a national level.

a) Lake Victoria North Catchment Area (18,374 km2) b) Lake Victoria South Catchment Area (31,734 km2) c) Rift Valley Catchment Area (130,452 km2) d) Athi Catchment Area (58,639 km2) e) Tana Catchment Area (126,026 km2) f) Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment Area (210,226 km2)



4-3) Taking into account the background of this study and current situation of the water sector mentioned before, the following approaches to the Study are applied for formulation of the NWMP 2030.

a) Renewal of the Existing National Water Master Plan b) Planning on a Catchment Basis c) Consideration of Climate Change Effect on Water Resources d) Consistency with Existing Policies and Strategies e) Integrated Approach

Water Supply Development Plan

4-4) Kenya Vision 2030 aims to ensure that improved water and sanitation are available and accessible to all by 2030. Based on the policy of the Vision 2030, Water Service Strategic Plan 2009 was prepared by MWI and it presents the following targets.

a) Increase coverage of improved water supply to 100% (safety water supply: 100%) b) Increase coverage of piped water supply by registered WSPs to 100% c) Increase unit water supply amount to suitable level for all population e) Decrease non-revenue water (NRW) rate to 20%

4-5) The unit water consumption for planning is set as follows: Item Unit Water Consumption

1) Urban Water Supply (Nairobi/Mombasa and surrounding areas) 92 L/p/d 2) Urban Water Supply (Other area) 75 L/p/d 3) Large Scale Rural Water Supply 58 L/p/d 4) Small Scale Rural (Arid area) 25 L/p/d 5) Small Scale Rural (Others) 43 L/p/d

Sanitation Development Plan

4-6) Based on the policy of Water Service Strategic Plan 2009 (MWI) and Kenya Vision 2030, the targets of sanitation development was set as follows:

a) Increase coverage of improved sanitation to 95% (100%) b) Increase coverage of sewerage system to 80% for urban population

4-7) The improved sanitation facilities include suitably designed septic tanks, pit latrine, cesspool and sewerage for the population who have not yet connected to sewerage system. For the population using on-site treatment facilities such as septic tanks, pit latrine, cesspool, etc., improved facilities are to be provided.

Irrigation Development Plan

4-8) The irrigation sector is the largest water user sharing almost 70% of national water demand at present and the future. The efficient water resources development and utilization should be the key policy for irrigation sector. Therefore the water saving methods should fully be adopted to the new irrigation development and for existing irrigation areas toward 2030. For upland crop irrigation, drip irrigation system and/or sprinkler irrigation system will fully be introduced. For paddy cultivation, intermittent irrigation (Alternate Wetting and Drying) under rotational irrigation system will be applied as a component of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI).



4-9) The irrigation development plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Set a target to introduce water saving methods for irrigation fully so as to minimize water demand in the future and to increase water productivity for crop cultivation;

b) Realize the above, new strategy should be set, namely (i) introduction of water saving method shall be the conditionality for new irrigation development, and (ii) water users for irrigation will be encouraged by providing an incentive of water charge reduction when they introduce water saving methods;

c) Clarify the maximum irrigable area by natural river follow (without storage facilities) by sub catchment as a base for irrigation development planning;

d) Take up all proposed large irrigation projects with storage facilities (dam, etc) and to give higher implementation priority after evaluation;

e) Take up all small scale irrigation schemes proposed by MWI and Counties to give higher implementation priority after evaluation;

f) Promote implementation of private irrigation schemes through realization of the government policy to accelerate the investment to agricultural development by private sector;

g) Promote construction of water ponds for small scale irrigation scheme and private irrigation scheme where possible; and

h) To promote implementation of water harvesting methods for small irrigation where surface water and groundwater sources are not available.

Hydropower Development Plan

4-10) The government of Kenya is currently preparing a new National Energy Policy. The major future directions for the hydropower development and water use are to maintain the ration of hydropower generation at appropriate levels to decrease dependency on the hydropower and to promote multipurpose dam development for efficient use of water.

4-11) Based on the above national energy policy and existing hydropower development plan, the hydropower development plan will be formulated under the following overall concept.

a) Formulate a plan based on the Least Cost Power Development Plan (LCPDP); b) Promote efficient use of water by focusing at hydropower components of multipurpose

dam development schemes for water resources development, and by considering integrated operation of the dam with other water users such as water supply and irrigation.; and

c) Consider new hydropower development sites of KenGen and other private developers.

Water Resources Development Plan

4-12) In order to meet the water demands projected for 2030 including domestic, industrial, irrigation and livestock demands, and the water resources development plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Meet the 2030 water demands by allocating equitably the available water resources including the surface and ground water;

b) Incorporate the water demand management policy into the estimated 2030 water demands to save the water to be consumed mainly for domestic and irrigation uses; and

c) Reflect the effect of the climate change on the available water resources expected in 2030;



d) Apply the reliability of water supply of one in 10 years probability for the domestic, industrial and livestock water uses, and one in 5 years probability for the irrigation water use;

e) Allocate in principle, (i) for domestic and industrial water demands, the surface water first and then groundwater where the surface water is not available, (ii) for irrigation water demands, the surface water mainly, and (iii) for livestock water demands, both of the surface and groundwater;

f) Apply effective combination of the water resources infrastructures such as dams, water transfers, boreholes, and water harvesting measures (small dams/ water pans, sand/ sub-surface dams, roof catchment, rock catchment, etc.);

g) Prepare the plans for respective WRMA catchment areas to accord the development plans with the water resources management mandated by WRMA; and

h) Take the environmental aspects into account to minimize the environmental and social impacts induced by the development activities.

Water Resources Management Plan

4-13) The objective of Water Resources Management Plan is to manage, regulate and conserve all water resources in an effective and efficient manner. To achieve the objectives, management of quantity and quality of water resources is essential and sustainable management cycle of i) water quantity and quality monitoring, ii) assessment of water resources, and iii) water permit issuance and permit status control should be established.

4-14) The water resources management plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Review of existing monitoring networks of water levels and discharges, water qualities of surface water and groundwater and rainfall;

b) Assignment of experts on hydrology in each regional office for water resources evaluation;

c) Establishment of water quality test laboratory, and assignment of water quality experts for water quality assessment;

d) Management of the latest version of issued water permits (actual usage of issued water permits);

e) Provision of values for Flood Flow, Normal Flow and Reserve in the standard observation points based on flow duration curves stipulated in Water Allocation Guideline. ; and

f) Watershed conservation plan consisting of forest restoration, vegetation restoration around small water sources and soil erosion and sedimentation control.

Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan

4-15) The flood and drought disaster management plan deals with water-related disaster, namely flood and drought, focusing on the pre-disaster stage and aims to minimize human and economic damages due to floods and drought.

4-16) The flood disaster management plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Formulation of integrated flood management plan by combining structural and non-structural measures comprehensively. A whole-basin strategy is summarized in three stages; i) protection using structures for critical areas, ii) no settlement for other areas,



and iii) community-based disaster management and crisis management for unavoidable inundation;

b) New construction and rehabilitation of flood control structures such as dyke, river improvement works, retarding basin, multipurpose dam, etc.;

c) New introduction and improvement of non-structural measures such as flood forecasting and warning system, evacuation plan, flood fighting plan, land use regulation, etc. in consideration of community-based disaster management; and

d) Planning for 21 target areas which were identified through Flood Mitigation Strategy (MWI, June 2009), NWCPC Strategic Plan 2010-2015, and NWMP (1992).

4-17) The drought disaster management plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Effective utilization of the existing both long-term rainfall forecasting system and drought early warning system, which and operated by KMD and MDNKOAL, respectively, for WRMAs water use restriction system;

b) Formulation of an appropriate river water use restriction system by improving the existing WRMAs restriction rule; and

c) Recommendation of a reservoir water use restriction system for the proposed dams to be constructed in the future.

Environmental Management Plan

4-18) The environmental management plan aims to monitor the impacts on the environment including social aspect by water resources development and management and protect the environment.

4-19) The environmental management plan will be formulated under the following overall concepts.

a) Monitoring of natural environment related to water resource, and management and regulation of water resources development and use based on the monitoring results;

b) Strict implementation of environmental impact assessment for all water resource development activities; and

c) Proposal of activities related to environmental management in national level such as environmental database, institutional strengthening, study on environmental flow and environmental education.

5. Lake Victoria North Catchment Area

5-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the Lake Victoria North (LVN) Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Water

Resources Surface Water Groundwater (Safe Yield) Total

4,969 703 5,672

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 428 19 733 146 0 5 1,331



5-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the LVN Catchment was determined as below.

(Unit: MCM/year) Sector Water Demand Surface Water Groundwater

Domestic 428 274 154 Industrial 19 9 10 Irrigation 733 619 114 Livestock 146 74 72

Total 1,326 976 350


5-3) The water supply development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below.

Item Urban Water Supply Large Scale Rural

Water Supply Small Scale Rural

Water Supply Total

Service Population (million) 6.92 0.48 4.28 11.68

Required Water Supply Capacity (m3/day) 824,000 84,000 250,000 1,159,000

Operation Body Registered WSPs Registered WSPsIndividual, Communities, Institutions

-

Target Towns/Areas 30 Urban Centres 10 Counties 10 Counties -


5-4) The sanitation development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below.

Item Sewerage System On-site Sanitation Total Service Population (million) 5.11 6.58 11.68

Required Treatment Capacity (m3/day) 389,000 - -

Operation Body Registered WSPsIndividual, Communities, Institutions

-

Target Towns/Areas 15 Urban Centres 10 Counties -


5-5) The irrigation development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)

Type Existing Area in 2010 New and

Extension Area Total in 2030

Large Scale 363 20,000 20,363 Small Scale 5,051 39,850 44,901 Private 186 39,850 40,036

Total 5,600 99,700 105,300




5-6) The hydropower development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below. Name of Plan Installed Capacity Current Situation Purpose

Nandi Forest Multipurpose Dam 50~70 MW

F/S by MORDA completed in 2010.

Water Supply, Irrigation, Hydropower

Hemsted Bridge Multipurpose Dam Not known Not known


Nzoia (34B) Multipurpose Dam 16 MW

Premininary Design Report (December 2010)

Water Supply, Flood Control, Irrigation, Hydropower

Nzoia (42A) Multipurpose Dam 24.4 MW

Draft Pre-F/S Report (March 2010)

Flood Control, Hydropower


5-7) The water resources development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 6 71 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 300 15 Intra-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 0 0 Borehole (MCM/year) 3,090 309


5-8) The water resources management plan in the LVN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Improvement of monitoring system 2) Improvement of Water Resources Evaluation

- Assignment of one hydrologist (1 person) - Establishment of water quality test laboratory in the regional office and assignment

of a water quality expert (1 person) 3) Improvement of Water Permit Issuance and Management System

- Management of the latest version of issued water permits - Provision of Flood Flow, Normal Flow and Reserve

4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (34,810 ha at Mt. Elgon and Mau Forest) - Proposal of check dams against soil erosion and sedimentation.


5-9) The flood disaster management plan in the LVN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Improvement of the operational system for flood early warning that is currently being established in the Nzoia River basin through WKCDD&FMP

2) Flood hazard maps covering all the flood plain areas including Budalangi division in Busia district

3) Flood fighting plan for the existing dykes along the lower reaches of Nzoia and Mokom Rivers

4) Preparation of small-scale water storages

5-10) The drought disaster management plan in the LVN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA LVN office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time



2) Establishment of river water use restriction system including dam reservoirs with five river gauge stations as a control point


5-11) The environmental management plan in the LVN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Monitoring of water resources/feeder rivers in Mount Elagon National Park and Kakamega Forest National Reserve and regulation and management of surrounding area

2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Mt.Elgon, Cherangani Hills and Mau Forest Complex (Five Water Towers)

3) Monitoring, management and regulation of Lake Victoria as water resource of the catchment and 5 main rivers in the catchment

6. Lake Victoria South Catchment Area

6-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the lake Victoria South (LVS) Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.



5,749 868 6,617

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 472 20 1,505 212 2 5 2,216

6-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the LVS Catchment was determined as below.


Domestic 472 299 173 Industrial 20 9 11 Irrigation 1,505 1,272 233 Livestock 212 109 103

Total 2,209 1,689 520


6-3) The water supply development in the LVS Catchment is proposed as below.



Water Supply Total


Required Water Supply Capacity (m3/day) 968,000 85,000 253,000 1,306,000


Target Towns/Areas 24 Urban Centres 14 Counties 14 Counties




6-4) The sanitation development in the LVS Catchment is proposed as below.




-



6-5) The irrigation development in the LVN Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)



Large Scale 1,800 39,000 40,800 Small Scale 14,972 63,118 78,090 Private 1,193 63,118 64,311

Total 17,965 165,235 183,200


6-6) The hydropower development in the LVS Catchment is proposed as below. Name of Plan Installed Capacity Current Situation Purpose

Magwagwa Multipurpose Dam

120~140 MW F/S by MORDA completed in 2010.

Water Supply, Irrigation, Flood Control, Hydropower

Gogo Falls Hydropower Upgrade

Upgrading to 60 MW at maximum.

Irrigation, Hydropower


6-7) The water resources development in the LVS Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 9 504 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 800 40 Inter-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 1 41 From LVS to RV Borehole (MCM/year) 4,840 484


6-8) The water resources management plan in the LVS Catchment is proposed as follows:





4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (47,490 ha at Mau Forest area)



- Proposal of rehabilitation of vegetation for 20 springs and 58 wetlands - Proposal of check dams against soil erosion and sedimentation.


6-9) The flood disaster management plan in the LVS Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Establishment of a telemetric type of flood forecasting and warning system in Kano Plain/Nyando River basin

2) Introduction of community-based disaster management system in the Sondu rivermouth and Kuja rivermouth referring the Nyando system

3) Provision of urban drainage measures in Kisumu city and flood hazard maps covering all the affected areas in the city


6-10) The drought disaster management plan in the LVS Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA LVN office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time

2) Establishment of river water use restriction system including dam reservoirs with five river gauge stations as a control point


6-11) The environmental management plan in the LVS Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Monitoring of water resources/feeder rivers in 4 national parks/reserves and management and regulation of surrounding area development

2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Mau Forest Complex (Five Water Towers) 3) Monitoring, management and regulation of Lake Victoria (South shore in Gulf Winam)

and 6 main rivers

7. Rift Valley Catchment Area

7-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the Rift Valley (RV) Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.



3,045 1,392 4,437

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 259 17 459 137 3 2 877

7-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the RV Catchment was determined as below.



Total 872 574 298




7-3) The water supply development in the RV Catchment is proposed as below.



Water Supply Total


Required Water Supply Capacity (m3/day) 526,000 54,000 131,000 711,000




7-4) The sanitation development in the RV Catchment is proposed as below.




-



7-5) The irrigation development in the RV Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)



Large Scale 774 36,700 37,474 Small Scale 7,606 2,449 10,055 Private 3,022 2,449 5,471

Total 11,402 41,598 53,000


7-6) The hydropower development in the RV Catchment is proposed as below. Name of Plan Installed Capacity Current Situation Purpose

Arror Multipurpose Dam 70~80 MW

F/S by MORDA to completed in June 2012.



7-7) The water resources development in the RV Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 6 260 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 0 0 Inter-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 1 41 From LVS to RV Borehole (MCM/year) 1,830 183




7-8) The water resources management plan in the RV Catchment is proposed as follows:





4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (236,510 ha at Cherangani Hills, Mau Forest

area and Aberdare Range) - Proposal of rehabilitation of vegetation for small water sources


7-9) The flood disaster management plan in the RV Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Preparation of simplified flood hazard maps covering major villages in Middle Turkwel and Lower Kerio

2) Provision of urban drainage measures in Nakuru and Narok towns and flood hazard maps covering all the affected areas in the towns


7-10) The drought disaster management plan in the RV Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA RV office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time

2) Establishment of water use restriction system for rivers with five river gauge stations as a control point and dam reservoirs in the catchment


7-11) The environmental management plan in the RV Catchment is proposed as follows:


2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Mau Forest Complex, Cherangani and Aberdare Rang (Five Water Towers)

3) Monitoring, management and regulation of six lakes (Both of alkali lake and freshwater lake) and three main rivers



8. Athi Catchment Area

8-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the Athi Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.



1,334 330 1,664

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 899 179 754 91 2 4 1,929

8-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the Athi Catchment was determined as below.



Total 1,923 1,642 281


8-3) The water supply development in the Athi Catchment is proposed as below.



Water Supply Total


Required Water Supply Capacity (m3/day) 2,246,000 51,000 165,000 2,463,000




8-4) The sanitation development in the Athi Catchment is proposed as below.


Required Treatment Capacity (m3/day) 1,407,000 - -


-





8-5) The irrigation development in the Athi Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)



Large Scale 0 40,800 40,800 Small Scale 20,563 5,582 26,145 Private 31,374 5,582 36,956

Total 51,937 51,963 103,900


8-6) The hydropower development in the Athi Catchment is proposed as below. Name of Plan Installed Capacity Current Situation Purpose

Mwachi Multipurpose Dam To be confirmed

F/S by MORDA under implementation?

Water Supply, Irrigation, Hydropower (to be confirmed)

Munyu Multipurpose Dam To be confirmed

F/S by MORDA under implementation?

Water Supply, Irrigation, Hydropower (to be confirmed)


8-7) The water resources development in the Athi Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 12 512 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 180 9 Inter-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 1 370 From Tana to Athi Intra-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 1 58 From Tana to Athi Borehole (MCM/year) 510 51


8-8) The water resources management plan in the Athi Catchment is proposed as follows:





4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (113,980 ha at Arabuko Sokoke Conservation

Forest, Shimba Hills and Aberdare Range) - Proposal of rehabilitation of vegetation for 20 springs and 17 wetlands


8-9) The flood disaster management plan in the Athi Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Establishment of community-based disaster management system in Kwale 2) Establishment of flood forecasting and warning systems and preparation of flood hazard

maps and evacuation plans in Kilifi and Lumi River basin



3) Provision of structural measures to protect flood prone areas of Taita Taveta district in the Lumi River basin

4) Provision of urban drainage measures in Nairobi and Mombasa cities and preparation of flood hazard maps covering all the affected areas in the cities


8-10) The drought disaster management plan in the Athi Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA Athi office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time



8-11) The environmental management plan in the Athi Catchment is proposed as follows:


2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Aberdare Range (Five Water Towers) 3) Monitoring, management and regulation of main 8 rivers include rivers which flow

down through large city such as Nairobi River and Athi River 4) Monitoring ecosystem of mangrove forest in coastal area and management and

regulation of surrounding area

9. Tana Catchment Area

9-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the Tana Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.



7,261 873 8,134

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 297 14 3,987 105 0 5 4,408

9-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the Tana Catchment was determined as below.


Domestic 297 150 147 Industrial 14 6 8 Irrigation 3,987 3,749 238 Livestock 105 64 41

Total 4,403 3,969 434




9-3) The water supply development in the Tana Catchment is proposed as follows:



Water Supply Total




-

Target Towns/Areas 19 Urban Centres 16 Counties 16 Counties -


9-4) The sanitation development in the Tana Catchment is proposed as below.




-



9-5) The irrigation development in the Tana Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)



Large Scale 11,220 206,600 217,820 Small Scale 20,470 117,304 137,774 Private 38,402 117,304 155,706

Total 70,092 441,208 511,300


9-6) The hydropower development in the Tana Catchment is proposed as below. Name of Plan Installed Capacity Current Situation Purpose

Upgrading of Kindaruma Hydropower Station

+32 MW To be completed in 2014. Hydropower

Mutonga+Low Grandfalls Dam 60 MW +140 MW

F/S by JICA completed in 1998 Hydropower

High Grandfalls Multipurpose Dam (Alternative of 2)

Phase 1: 500 MW Phase 2: 700 MW F/S by MORDA completed. Irrigation, Hydropower


9-7) The water resources development in the Tana Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 5 41 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 1,700 85 Inter-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 1 370 From Tana to Athi Borehole (MCM/year) 3,660 366




9-8) The water resources management plan in the Tana Catchment is proposed as follows:





4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (216,670 ha at Aberdare Range) - Proposal of check dams against soil erosion and sedimentation.


9-9) The flood disaster management plan in the Tana Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Establishment of community-based disaster management system in the lower Tana areas including Ijara district referring the Nyando system

2) Improvement of warning system for discharge released from upstream hydropower dams in the Tana River

3) Preparation of flood hazard maps covering all the flood plain areas in Garissa town 4) Provision of structural measures such as dyke and widening of river channel to protect

urban area of Garissa town. 5) Preparation of small-scale water storages

9-10) The drought disaster management plan in the Tana Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA Tana office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time



9-11) The environmental management plan in the Tana Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Monitoring of water resource/feeder rivers in 13 national parks/reserves and management and regulation of surrounding area development

2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Mt Kenya and Aberdare Rang (Five Water Towers)

3) Monitoring, management and regulation of main 10 rivers such as Tana River 4) Monitoring ecosystem of mangrove forest in coastal area and management and

regulation of surrounding area in Marine National Park/Reserve such as Kiunga Marine National Park and others



10. Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment

10-1) The renewable surface water resources, safe yield of groundwater and water demand by subsector of the Ewaso Ngiro North (ENN) Catchment for 2030 are presented as below.



2,536 1,391 3,927

Water Demand

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Livestock Wildlife Fisheries Total 201 1 112 24 1 5 344

10-2) Through the water balance study based on the water resources and water demands for 2030, the allocation of water resources for each subsector in the ENN Catchment was determined as below.



Total 338 150 188


10-3) The water supply development in the ENN Catchment is proposed as below.



Water Supply Total






10-4) The sanitation development in the ENN Catchment is proposed as below.



Operation Body Registered WSPs Individual - Target Towns/Areas 9 Urban Centres 12 Counties -


10-5) The irrigation development in the ENN Catchment is proposed as below. (Unit: ha)



Large Scale 0 3,000 3,000 Small Scale 7,171 383 7,554 Private 1,663 383 2,046

Total 8,834 3,766 12,600




10-6) There is no hydropower development scheme at this moment.


10-7) The water resources development in the ENN Catchment is proposed as below.

Structures Quantity Total Volume/Yield Remarks Dam (MCM) 5 241 Small Dam and Water Pan (MCM) 0 0 Intra-Basin Water Transfer (MCM/year) 0 0 Borehole (MCM/year) 1,530 153


10-8) The water resources management plan in the ENN Catchment is proposed as follows:





4) Watershed Conservation - Recovery of forest and afforestation (358,400 ha in the Catchment) - Proposal of rehabilitation of vegetation for small water sources - Proposal of check dams against soil erosion and sedimentation.


10-9) The flood disaster management plan in the ENN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Provision of flood control structural measures in Mandera district and Isioro town 2) Establishment of flood forecasting and warning system and preparation of hazard map

and evacuation plans for the flood prone areas in Mandera district 3) Establishment of community-based disaster management system in the middle to lower

reaches of Ewaso Ngiro River including Wajir, 4) Preparation of flood hazard maps covering all the flood plain areas in Isioro town 5) Preparation of small-scale water storages

10-10) The drought disaster management plan in the ENN Catchment is proposed as follows:

1) Development of a coordination system between KMD and WRMA ENN office to share information on drought forecasting result at the earliest possible time.



10-11) The environmental management plan in the ENN Catchment is proposed as follows:




2) Monitoring, management and regulation of Mt Kenya (Five Water Towers) and Gazetted forests in western area

3) Monitoring, of Ewaso Ngiro River, Danoro River and wetlands along to these river, and management and regulation of surrounding area

11. Strategy for Institutional Strengthening

11-1) Aligning the Water Act 2002 with the Constitution of Kenya 2010 (CoK 2010) has not been completed yet as of end July 2012. The key three documents required for the revision are: New National Water Policy 2012, Draft Water Bill 2012 (new Water Act) and Concept Paper for Aligning Water Act 2002 by Task Force. The contents of the Draft Water Bill 2012 (version of March 2012) covers also extensive reform not directly related to the required alignment by the CoK 2010. Further detailed collation of the Draft Water Bill 2012 will be continued. The draft of the National Water Policy 2012 (version of March 1, 2012) is still a draft subject to further elaboration.

11-2) Strategy of the institutional strengthening on water resources management is drafted based on the two assumptions: Sessional Paper No.1 on National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development 1999 (NWRDP 1999) is effective as of end July 2012, and The water resources management framework stipulated in the Draft Water Bill 2012 (version of March 2012) will be basically unchanged in the new Water Act 2012.

11-3) Strategies are formulated for the national level and the regional level as set out below.

National Level 1) Clarify the integrated framework of water resources management at the national and

regional level in terms of regulation, services provision and water users; 2) Establish monopolistic and unified regulatory functions of water resources at the

national level (Cabinet Secretary & Water Resources Regulatory Authority (WRRA)) and regional level (Basin Water Resources Boards (BWRBs)) to regulate inter-basin/sub-basin water transfer, and equitable and sustainable water allocation;

3) Establish unitary management of water rights and basin water resources development plans in line with grant of water use permit;

4) Establish scientific and quantitative management of water resources to achieve credible, transparent and accountable regulation and enforcement of water rights;

5) Enhance both supply management and demand management to achieve the target of water supply security, and efficient, beneficial and sustainable water uses;

Regional Level 6) Strengthen capacity of BWRBs for scientific and quantitative water rights regulation at

site being consistency with the national level regulation and enforcement; 7) Enhance establishment of Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) and

strengthen WRUAs capacity as fora for conflict resolution and co-operative management of water resources in catchment areas; and

8) Improve the financial capacity of the water resources managements institutions at national and regional level through effective government financing.



12. Basic Concept for Economic Evaluation

12-1) Considering quantifiable benefits and costs of the projects to be proposed, the economic evaluation will be made for the water supply sub-sector, the sanitation sub-sector, the irrigation sub-sector, and the hydropower sub-sector.

12-2) The basic conditions for economic evaluation are tentatively set as follows:

1) Investment costs and O&M costs are roughly estimated at the price level of October 2012, by USD currency.

2) Discount rate is 10% referring to opportunity cost of capital prevails in the water sector. 3) The conversion factor from financial value to economic value is 0.90. 4) The economic life of the projects is set as 30 years for water and sewerage projects and

50 years for hydropower and irrigation projects. 5) The construction costs of multi-purpose dams will be allocated on the basis of the

allocated storage volume.

Progress Report (4) Table of Contents

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. i The Development of the National Water Master Plan 2030

THE PROJECT

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF

THE NATIONAL WATER MASTER PLAN 2030 IN

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA

PROGRESS REPORT (4)

Location Map

Summary

Abbreviation

Table of Contents

Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3.1 Study Area ................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.3.2 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Current Progress of the Study ................................................................................................. 1-3 1.4.1 Schedule of the Study .............................................................................................. 1-3 1.4.2 Current Progress ....................................................................................................... 1-3

CHAPTER 2 MACRO-FRAMEWORKS FOR NWMP 2030 .................................................. 2-1

2.1 Socio-Economic Framework ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Administrative Division ........................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Population ................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.3 Macro Economy ....................................................................................................... 2-3 2.1.4 GDP Projection ........................................................................................................ 2-3

2.2 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.1 Projection of Future Climates .................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.2 Renewable Water Resources .................................................................................... 2-5

2.3 Present Water Use and Future Water Demand ........................................................................ 2-6 2.3.1 Basic Conditions ...................................................................................................... 2-6

Table of Contents Progress Report (4)

The Development of ii Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. the National Water Master Plan 2030

2.3.2 Present and Future Water Demands ......................................................................... 2-7 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL WATER POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT TARGETS .............. 3-1

3.1 National Water Policy ............................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Kenya Vision 2030 and Development Targets ........................................................................ 3-2 CHAPTER 4 OVERALL CONCEPT AND FRAMEWORK BY SUB SECTOR .................. 4-1

4.1 Objective and Components of the NWMP 2030 ..................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Approaches to the Study ......................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3 Water Supply Development Plan ............................................................................................ 4-3 4.3.1 Basic Condition ........................................................................................................ 4-3 4.3.2 Overall Concept and Framework for Planning ........................................................ 4-5

4.4 Sanitation Development Plan .................................................................................................. 4-6 4.4.1 Basic Condition ........................................................................................................ 4-6 4.4.2 Overall Concept and Framework for Planning ........................................................ 4-8

4.5 Irrigation Development Plan ................................................................................................... 4-9 4.5.1 Basic Conditions ...................................................................................................... 4-9 4.5.2 General Concept and Framework for Planning ........................................................ 4-9

4.6 Hydropower Development Plan ............................................................................................ 4-10 4.6.1 Basic Conditions .................................................................................................... 4-10 4.6.2 General Concept and Framework for Planning ...................................................... 4-11

4.7 Water Resources Development Plan ..................................................................................... 4-12 4.7.1 Basic Conditions .................................................................................................... 4-12 4.7.2 Overall Concept and Framework for Planning ...................................................... 4-13 4.7.3 Water Balance Study .............................................................................................. 4-15

4.8 Water Resources Management Plan ...................................................................................... 4-17 4.8.1 Basic Conditions .................................................................................................... 4-17 4.8.2 General Concept and Framework for Planning ...................................................... 4-18

4.9 Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan .................................................................... 4-22 4.9.1 Basic Conditions .................................................................................................... 4-22 4.9.2 General Concept and Framework for Planning ...................................................... 4-23

4.10 Environmental Management Plan ......................................................................................... 4-26 4.10.1 Basic Condition ...................................................................................................... 4-26 4.10.2 General Concept and Framework for Planning ...................................................... 4-27

CHAPTER 5 LAKE VICTORIA NORTH CATCHMENT AREA .......................................... 5-1

5.1 Catchment Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Water Resources and Water Demands .................................................................................... 5-1


Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. iii The Development of the National Water Master Plan 2030

5.3 Water Allocation Plan ............................................................................................................. 5-2

5.4 Concepts and Frameworks of Development Plans and Management Plans ............................ 5-2 5.4.1 Water Supply Development Plan ............................................................................. 5-2 5.4.2 Sanitation Development Plan ................................................................................... 5-6 5.4.3 Irrigation Development Plan .................................................................................... 5-7 5.4.4 Hydropower Development Plan ............................................................................... 5-9 5.4.5 Water Resources Development Plan ...................................................................... 5-10 5.4.6 Water Resources Management Plan ....................................................................... 5-13 5.4.7 Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan ..................................................... 5-15 5.4.8 Environmental Management Plan .......................................................................... 5-18

CHAPTER 6 LAKE VICTORIA SOUTH CATCHMENT AREA .......................................... 6-1




6.4 Concepts and Frameworks of Development Plans and Management Plans ............................ 6-2 6.4.1 Water Supply Development Plan ............................................................................. 6-2 6.4.2 Sanitation Development ........................................................................................... 6-5 6.4.3 Irrigation Development Plan .................................................................................... 6-7 6.4.4 Hydropower Development Plan ............................................................................... 6-9 6.4.5 Water Resources Development Plan ...................................................................... 6-10 6.4.6 Water Resources Management Plan ....................................................................... 6-13 6.4.7 Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan ..................................................... 6-15 6.4.8 Environmental Management Plan .......................................................................... 6-18

CHAPTER 7 RIFT VALLEY CATCHMENT AREA ............................................................... 7-1






The Development of iv Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. the National Water Master Plan 2030

CHAPTER 8 ATHI CATCHMENT AREA ................................................................................ 8-1




8.4 Concepts and Frameworks of Development Plans and Management Plans ............................ 8-2 8.4.1 Water Supply Development Plan ............................................................................. 8-2 8.4.2 Sanitation Development Plan ................................................................................... 8-7 8.4.3 Irrigation Development Plan .................................................................................... 8-9 8.4.4 Hydropower Development Plan ............................................................................. 8-10 8.4.5 Water Resources Development Plan ...................................................................... 8-11 8.4.6 Water Resources Management Plan ....................................................................... 8-15 8.4.7 Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan ..................................................... 8-17 8.4.8 Environmental Management Plan .......................................................................... 8-20

CHAPTER 9 TANA CATCHMENT AREA ............................................................................... 9-1





CHAPTER 10 EWASO NGIRO NORTH CATCHMENT AREA .......................................... 10-1

10.1 Catchment Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 Water Resources and Water Demands .................................................................................. 10-1

10.3 Water Allocation Plan ........................................................................................................... 10-2

10.4 Concepts and Frameworks of Development Plans and Management Plans .......................... 10-2 10.4.1 Water Supply Development Plan ........................................................................... 10-2 10.4.2 Sanitation Development Plan ................................................................................. 10-5 10.4.3 Irrigation Development Plan .................................................................................. 10-7 10.4.4 Hydropower Development Plan ............................................................................. 10-8 10.4.5 Water Resources Development Plan ...................................................................... 10-8 10.4.6 Water Resources Management Plan ..................................................................... 10-11


Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. v The Development of the National Water Master Plan 2030

10.4.7 Flood and Drought Disaster Management Plan ................................................... 10-14 10.4.8 Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................ 10-17

CHAPTER 11 STRATEGY OF INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING .............................. 11-1

11.1 Framework of Water Resources Management ...................................................................... 11-1 11.1.1 Objective of Institutional Strengthening for Water Resources

Management ........................................................................................................... 11-1 11.1.2 Mission of IWRM .................................................................................................. 11-1 11.1.3 Principles of WRM ................................................................................................ 11-2 11.1.4 Sector Framework of WRM and Policy Measures ................................................. 11-2 11.1.5 Supply Side and Demand Side Water Resources Management ............................. 11-3 11.1.6 Lesson Learned from Experiences in Past Water Sector Reform .......................... 11-5

11.2 Strategy of Institutional Strengthening .................................................................................. 11-5 11.2.1 Progress of Aligning Water Act 2002 with Constitution of Kenya ....................... 11-5 11.2.2 Strategy .................................................................................................................. 11-6 11.2.3 Strategic Actions .................................................................................................... 11-7

CHAPTER 12 BASIC CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ........................................... 12-1

12.1 Evaluation Methodology ....................................................................................................... 12-1

12.2 Basic Assumptions of Economic Analysis ............................................................................ 12-2

12.3 Benefits of Water and Sanitation Projects ............................................................................. 12-3 12.3.1 Benefits for Urban Water Supply Projects ............................................................. 12-3 12.3.2 Benefits of Rural Water Supply Projects ............................................................... 12-3 12.3.3 Benefits of Sewerage Projects ................................................................................ 12-3

12.4 Benefits of Irrigation Projects ............................................................................................... 12-4

12.5 Benefits of Hydropower Projects .......................................................................................... 12-4

List of Tables

Page Table 2.1.1 Population of 47 Counties .................................................................................... T-1

List of Figures

Page Figure 1.3.1 Catchment Areas of WRMA ................................................................................ F-1

Figure 1.4.1 Overall Work Schedule of The Project ................................................................. F-2


The Development of vi Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. the National Water Master Plan 2030

Figure 2.2.1 Administrative and Catchment Boundary Map .................................................... F-3

Figure 4.9.1 Example for Water Use Restriction of the Sameura Dam in the 2005 Drought ................................................................................................................. F-4

Figure 5.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Lake Victoria North Catchment ........................................................................... F-5

Figure 5.4.2 (1/2) Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 (Tentative) ................................................... F-6

Figure 5.4.2 (2/2) Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Lake Victoria North Catchment Area (Tentative) ......................................................... F-7

Figure 5.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Development Sites in LVN ............................................. F-8

Figure 5.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in LVN .......................... F-9

Figure 5.4.5 (1/4) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in LVN .................. F-10

Figure 5.4.5 (2/4) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in LVN .................... F-11

Figure 5.4.5 (3/4) Current and Proposed Rainfall Monitoring Network in LVN ............................ F-12

Figure 5.4.5 (4/4) Target Watershed Conservation Areas ............................................................... F-13

Figure 5.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Lake Victoria North Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ...................................................... F-14

Figure 5.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in LVN Catchment .............................................................................. F-15

Figure 6.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Lake Victoria South Catchment ......................................................................... F-16

Figure 6.4.2 Irrigation Area (withDam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Lake Victoria South Catchment Area (Tentative) ..................................................................... F-17

Figure 6.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Development Sites in LVS ............................................ F-18

Figure 6.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in LVS ........................ F-19

Figure 6.4.5 (1/3) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in LVS ................... F-20

Figure 6.4.5 (2/3) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in LVS .................... F-21

Figure 6.4.5 (3/3) Current and Proposed Rainfall Monitoring Network in LVS ............................. F-22

Figure 6.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Lake Victoria South Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ...................................................... F-23

Figure 6.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in LVS Catchment ............................................................................... F-24

Figure 7.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Rift Valley Catchment ........................................................................................ F-25

Figure 7.4.2 Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Rift Valley Catchment Area (Tentative) ............................................................................... F-26

Figure 7.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Development Sites in RV .............................................. F-27

Figure 7.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in RV .......................... F-28

Figure 7.4.5 (1/3) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in RV ..................... F-29

Figure 7.4.5 (2/3) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in RV ...................... F-30

Figure 7.4.5 (3/3) Current and Proposed Raifall Monitoring Network in RV ................................. F-31


Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. vii The Development of the National Water Master Plan 2030

Figure 7.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Rift Valley Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ........................................................................ F-32

Figure 7.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in RV Catchment ................................................................................. F-33

Figure 8.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Athi Catchment ................................................................................................... F-34

Figure 8.4.2 Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Athi Catchment Area (Tentative) ............................................................................... F-35

Figure 8.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Development Sites in Athi ............................................. F-36

Figure 8.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in Athi ......................... F-37

Figure 8.4.5 (1/3) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in Athi ................... F-38

Figure 8.4.5 (2/3) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in Athi ..................... F-39

Figure 8.4.5 (3/3) Current and Proposed Rainfall Monitoring Network in Athi ............................. F-40

Figure 8.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Athi Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ...................................................................................... F-41

Figure 8.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in Athi Catchment ............................................................................... F-42

Figure 9.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Tana Catchment .................................................................................................. F-43

Figure 9.4.2 Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Tana Catchment Area (Tentative) ............................................................................... F-44

Figure 9.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Development Sites in Tana ............................................ F-45

Figure 9.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in Tana ........................ F-46

Figure 9.4.5 (1/3) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in Tana .................. F-47

Figure 9.4.5 (2/3) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in Tana .................... F-48

Figure 9.4.5 (3/3) Current and Proposed Rainfall Monitoring Network in Tana ............................ F-49

Figure 9.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Tana Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ...................................................................................... F-50

Figure 9.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in Tana Catchment .............................................................................. F-51

Figure 10.4.1 Target of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System Development in Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment ......................................................................... F-52

Figure 10.4.2 Irrigation Area (with Dam) in 2030 by Sub Catchment in Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment Area (Tentative) ......................................................... F-53

Figure 10.4.3 Candidate Hydropower Development Sites in ENN .......................................... F-54

Figure 10.4.4 Locations of Candidates of Dams and Water Transfers in ENN ........................ F-55

Figure 10.4.5 (1/3) Current and Proposed Surface Water Monitoring Network in ENN .................. F-56

Figure 10.4.5 (2/3) Current and Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Network in ENN .................... F-57

Figure 10.4.5 (3/3) Current and Proposed Rainfall Monitoring Network in ENN ............................ F-58

Figure 10.4.6 Proposed Disaster Management Plan in the Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment (Upper: Flood, Lower: Drought) ...................................................... F-59


The Development of viii Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. the National Water Master Plan 2030

Figure 10.4.7 Proposed Protected and Reserved Area and Proposed Monitoring Location in ENN Catchment .............................................................................. F-60

Figure 11.1.1 Existing Sector Framework of Water Resources Management in Kenya (Draft)...................................................................................................... F-61

Figure 11.2.1 Actual Institutional Set-up of Ministry of Water and Irrigation ......................... F-62

Figure 11.2.2 Sector Framework of Water Resources Management in Kenya (Draft) ............. F-63

Progress Report (4) Abbreviations

Nipp

Documents

NWMP Progress Report