15
- 35 - •• •• o •• •• •• ( product mix ) 0 (Engel's law) 1$ ( Bennett's law) ••• ' 0 •• •• ( 1 )

o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 35 -

~~~~~~z~~·.~~~~~~.~~~*§~§~~~~~~·~

~~m~~~~§~z~~,.~~~~~~~z~~·~~m~~z.~~~

~~~m~~~~·@~~~m~~~~,~~m.z*~~m.z~m~~~

~~o-~®§·~~~~~WM'*~m.~lli~ft~~~tt~lli~±'~~

~~z~~~~'.~~~~~.~.mM~••~·ft~.~~m.~llitt~mn~T~'~~·~mftm.M.§·~.~~m~~~~·A~~W~*R

~Z~~·~®~*mft~~~~~~Z~~'~~mftm.~mZ•• o

~m~~~~zm~~.~~~'~OO~mftm.~llitt~~~T~~.ft

m.M.Z.~T·~~~~~~•• ,~.*~~mftm.z.;~~,~m

tt~~~~·.~~z~o·mft§~nzT~~~~~~~o~~B#.Z.

~~~~·ttffi~*~~~~~~~~~·~~m~~~~mftm.~mZ••W~~~~•• ·~~~~~~~~~~~WX.*~~o.~~z~Mm~o~~,~*.~~.~z~~·~~.ft§~n,~~.~~z.*~mft~m

Z~{tffJM1[.Q,:~H'F~A~$'~f'F~~~.~r:J~m.~( product mix ) ~.

~.1J~zft(. 0 *if~\:j~7tttT~~~~3IW!~$ • ,~,fUUE1$ (Engel's law)

tH~I1!.~~.*Z~.~mJE.*~<,(E1$ ( Bennett's law) ~.ftm.~m~!ItJ

~.~~~~ft·~~~~~~m~~~•••~~~~m.~Z~~·~~~.~!3~n ' *Wl.~$r,z~~ 0

-~®§·~~.*Z.~.~Ao~••~.Am~.~.z~.o~~ffijAPJT~~~' .~r:J~Z.*~.~~••*~~.:m~itt~~F.~~Z.*~

( 1 )

Page 2: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 36 -

jF:

D =P + ~g ··············0)

(1)~q:. , P~A Q S<;~.' ~ ~ii:~Zrm*fiJf~~i1' g ~~AfiJf~Z!tt1JO

.o~~~A'.~~~a.~~Zrm*S<;~.~~AQ~~AfiJf~.~.Z~

.' ffllf'll'!I:i~.~~!l&~~.~~'1Zrm*fiJf~~i1:fffiJf~~a fEXUQm~~i11i:/j\

ft-'WfiJf~!l&AQ.W.m~'~AQS<;~.Zm~••i1.*~fiJf~ZS<;~

.;m~'AQS<;~.~~~~~~.m.~~rm*m~~i1~~-z~.~mo

~l3!lJttf[t~~}llH~tffi( E. Engel ) ~7ttFT~ ~tJ{Jt~ RJ~' 1U~~~ljHf!';l

fi~'MA.~~fiJf~.~.,~I3!lJ~*.m~~WM~m.~wZtt~.T~

'~~ffl~~.'*.~WZtt~.~o ••••~~~'R.*.~••fiJfm~i1*ft~~.AfiJf~ ••• '~*.~Zrm*~.m••~;~~Z'.~~fiJfm••• 'I3!lJ~*.zm.~wztt~.T~'m~~~.m~.~'.#*

.Zrm*fiJfm~i1~~~o~~7t~••~,fiJf:ff.~~~.zm*fiJfm~i1~

~ft-'R:ff~~m*lf'~ft~7t~.T'~G.~~~.Zw*m~~i1~~

*ft-./J\~- a ~~~7t~.tl!jl£T ' ffXUQ*.Zrm*mm~i1/j\~- , ~ •• ~~~.Zffl~~i1~lj*ft- , ~~D~jF.FTrm••~' *.~Z~*.1JO.

~~~••~rm*Z.~.u~~~fiJfmz.~.o~:ff.:i'.ii:~ZfiJfm~i1Z.~!l&~AfiJfm*~Z••~m&~~~~;~§z'*.~m*mm~i1If'ff~ft~~*.~ZfiJfm~i1'1i.~A~.fiJfm.JJO~' ~~i11i:~it1i~/j\a

~~D~a}j*.rm*S<;~.lf'ff~~~.~If~Zw*S<;~.~ , 1i~pffm•• ~fiq:.

, fij:iZS<;~.~~~~1JO* a

~.rr~~.~.~~zrM*~.~J~ft'U~~69~~71~~~~

.~~Z~~~~••~~m~~U*lli.A~~m*m.~W1i:'~!l&mA~~~.fiJfmOOZ~~'~*wM*fiJfm~i1'UQ~lfiJfjFom*~*ZfiJf~~i1

~~~ 50 ~Z 0.52 ' t¥.~~~~ 70 ~Z 0.34 ; ~Mil'l" ~~m*~m*fiJfW

~i1 ~ 1.50 ~~ 1. 36 ' wm*!l&~~m*~fiJfm~i1 Z~~g WUrn 0.98 • f,'Jj ~

1.02 0

~••~~rm*.~Z~~~:ffAQS<;~.~~~~~A'~~rm*ZAQ.i1~ft-'~AQS<;~~.~~Zrm*S<;~.~.~~~~om~.~AfiJfm

••• ' AQ S<;~.~~i!¥JiT~' f7ljUQ~13!lJ 42 ~~~ZA Q S<;~.~ 3.8 % '

~~ 72 ~B~~~ 1.5 % ' tJ{[t~~ 74 ~~~~ 89 ~il'l'ZS<;~./Mt~ 1.1 %

,~~~~~S<;~q:.~.*.!l&#*.rm*~tt~.~Z.~,~.~.~~~

( 2 )

Page 3: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 37 -

if: ~IJ .~. ~~ ~ if! if: ~u .~~ ~~. ~ jg

~m50 0.52 1.50 0.98 ~63 0.38 1.49 1.11

51 0.53 1.47 0.94 64 0.38 1.49 1.11

52 0.52 1.46 0.94 65 0.36 1.46 1.10

53 0.51 1.48 0.97 66 0.35 1.46 1.11

54 0.51 1.47 0.96 67 0.35 1.44 1.09

55 0.49 1.47 0.98 68 0.33 1.40 1.07

56 0.47 1.46 0.99 69 0.33 1.37 1.04

57 0.44 1.45 1.01 70 0.34 1.36 1.02

58 0.44 1.43 0.99 zp ~

59 0.42 1.43 1.01 A'i!1151 - 55 0.51 1.47 0.96

60 0.41 1.43 1.02 56-60 0.44 1.44 1.00

61 0.41 1.43 1.02 61-65 0.38 1.46 1.08

62 0.39 1.43 1.04 66-70 0.34 1. 41 1.07

illY' tP.:(£A p $;~~nB~ltm~JIli1:iti/J,zm?JG T ' it~.Z fRbJ($;~~ , EE~

lfjffjnB~f.!?.tl: ' tP.:(£*1U~.~$;~~~Jtff!l~~fRJfl*~' ~~f~j'f.~;j(#c~ii

IJOSGi!&J&ii1J01&JHltI ' 1!HWJm~i:t.ii$; 0

AC$;~••~~&~;j(ii~••~Z~.'.~*=+~OO,&mAC$;

ft.8Jl.i1~~ffl~$I£il1Iijffjtl~0 .f1H~:it(l)~.~& ~)jUB1JIl.Z±~~T.ffl

~JIli1:'EE~mitffl~~i1:Z#c~T~'~ft'.it~;j(ii~.EE~~51~~

55~Z5.83 %~. 3.57 %; fRJWlrdj, ~fmiUi'i~)j(~ii1JO.EE 10.98 %~.

8.81 %' tm:${2 fflift 0 EE~tiit~)j(ii1JO.lt~~ftiitfl*Jj1JO.' ~J1t ' ~*~+~z~oom.~~~~.~~mit~.m.~lli~.m~llitt~~~T

/l1f: ' {£H@~H~~mfJJii1JOZnB~ 0

••fii!&~±~~Z~~ffl~.ftR*~~zm.~lliffl~~m.~lliZtt-~'_~ "_"'_' __ '·_" .. _r_·'_ ' ...•...",,_._ .. ' . ,,~ , - .•.._._

®lC P!P,'~HMfi*.) , EE~~ 42 ~Z 54.44 %~.~~ 70~z 35.03 % ; fRJWl_~__ ,",,~.~,_... -co""" ".,_......

rdj, ~fitiRtMm.~lliZftf7ljE8 45. 56 %~~. 64.97 % ' tal:${ 3 ltlllll ffl ift 0

1rJ.;.(~~65~~M::${iftitQ"lt~Zm.~lliMi' ~~42~.42,945 Eilit7C' ~[:i;;~ 70 ~ii. 181,524 Eilit7C ' ~ii1JO•• 5.3 % ; fRJWlrdj , ~f1itiRt MZ mif

( 3 )

Page 4: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 38 -

¥fiL:%

AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$ :Jftt~~Z ii11l1$

( p ) ( g )~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+ 1).

51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10.98

56 ...... 60 2.92 7.76 0.44 6.33 1. 44 14.09

61~ 65 1.94 5.68 0.38 4.10 1.46 10.23

66 ...... 70 1.90 4.90 0.34 3.57 1.41 8.81

~7T~ 1lJ~~ f;l: &:dfij It!!i :Jff;l:i=I~ff4'1i!!i Zji~if:: }jIJCin~) fiJi' m

~$'Ii~!PJ1( l!< % 1( l!< %

~4Z¥ 21,796 17,827 9,421 54.44 7,886 45.56 17,307 97.08

45 32,371 25,163 12,842 53.12 11,335 46.88 24,177 96.08

50 65,214 51,355 24,255 51.23 23,090 48.77 47,345 92.19

55 117,526 00,.207 36,657147.93 39,816 52.07 76,473 84.78

60 243,889 176,008 59,467 42.02 82,048 57.98 141,515 80.38

65 644,479 446,490 153,164 42.07 210,897 57.93 364,061 81.54

70 1,560,193 1,095,222 309,389 35.03 573,711 64.97 883,100 80.63

~t±l EB 28,460 S ~5tii~ 326,574 a ~5t ' if::Zji:f:$Jii1JO*~ 9.2 % 0

••~~~if::~roif::~'.AfiJi'm~AM~ffil!<Z~ffiW~~fi'~.A

fiJi'mm:?Jli 1,000 5tff-J ' ,~M~!~lt't~~{!£ 0.145 f@js~~' tm~ 1 Z.i@m~ffi 0

jJjt ~~ rl3j 110 Je) 1t~ , tE 1978 if:: ~1*t!t Jl!.~mz: ,\~H~ntf 1*l!< ztJ\~ !JHil'l mAPJf

mz.w~.~z~~;.~z'~AfiJi'm.Wl~5tff-J'AM~ffil!<M~~

o. 0034 Ma~~ , ~Qll>;'rl2 fiJi'jj; 0 f<~w~rH~Z~~~1'f' M:~~I'GfiJi'm{!£m- Jt~m*,~ftm'liZ~~~~f<~o

jJjt.*=+if::.~&&I.~&~~~~.m••W*M~1tf<IlJ~.m'

( 4 )

Page 5: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

••@~.~ft,~M·~~~~6~ - 39 -

E

* E = 48.7 - 0. 145 Y

**(64.52) (-7.94)

I~' 50 * R'= 0.75 R' = 0.74*tr *

*·ffiffiIf;: 45 *

* **,....., *% **

*'--' 40 *

*35 *'--__----L -L- --'-__---', Y

° 400 800 1,200 1,600

~A~~FJT~ (T:7C)

~1 #.~~~A~~ffl~~~*trffiffiIf;:Z~ffi

E

60 ijJ ( -jvl:::J\~ )'g[

50 ~m

El$:

E=46.47-0.0034Y

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

~Affl~(~:7C)

~2 ~W~~Z~AfflW~~*trffiffi~Z~ffi

JVt4* if- : ~A ~ , ft~tt~i1H'lf 3ttH ' r [email protected] ~flj J ' 72 ~ 9 A 0

10

!'40 *fl:I ~

m*30

IX20

( 5 )

Page 6: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 40 -

&~51~~~~Z~' ••Z~A.~~~.*••Z~~.*.~fi'K.~~;M:J@~!UI.~A.*Mi1l£~~~tI*.*Z~1JIl.'tm~4 miF o &III••~'~~~.~~.*M.~~~.*z~w.'~mWa'~~I.~.~§~~~W~~llioo~B~~,~~~~m~Z~.,~~~m*~*~~

••~.Z~.'K~W••~_1l£' ••••~.~A~~m~1l£.~,~m~*.~.tm~~~m~~'fi~*'~~A~M~~~••&m~'~~~~••~Z.*'~$~K"&~~~Mo@~'a~~~*=T~*'m*ffi§~~~Wllio,~•••~z~.o~.;.~z'a~tI*.*.w.~.~m~~tt_1l£ffijjI1H1Z'@01*~~~tI*1:~Z.1JIl.0 fZSI~' fi~*' a~

••~A••~~~Z±.fZSI~'~~f*§~Rm~.*/l"~Z~.'@~••~~m~.~*~~~~~m.~mZ~~ffij~~.±o*.rr&~~m.z

fiS~' &~ 75 ~~&~ 89 ~ZA 0 ~A•• r.r %' 4iAm~~A•• 5.4 %

, EtI*m~~tt~ 0.25'"0.3 * ~~ , tlfJ**tI*.*Z~*1JIl•• 2.2 %

~ 2. 7%3:;5" 0 fZSI~ , a~••1:mZ,qX;A.~~j,'~2. 7%~J: ' JJfftHtt.m

*§~1Jo

• m Q~f • m Q

QQ QQ

~ ;M • • ~ m '$ • 1: .il:

51 '" 55 5.8 5.8 10.9 13.956 '" 60 6.3 5.7 14.0 20.561 '" 65 4.1 3.3 10.2 12.766 '" 70 3.6 1.1 8.8 II. 6

~tl*iIt : ~fF~' r ii'••m1JU~zrJ]mWi&1fU,!lil;.~PJ ' &~ 741F­10 jJ 0

••~z~~§~~~~~~~~ztl*m.~&~~llio'.~~~'~.~~~~o~~~~~W;M,~~m~~1l£'Ao,qX;A•• ,*~m.~lli

1Ci~m.~IHZltf9utt.'tI*m.Z~Att~Ji.'1J1lt(11~.fflij?!I:r'••11~Z~.~~,~~~.~~~tmM~ •••1:m,t(M~&tI*~I.~tl~@'_1l£• .il:~•• ,t(~~~~'.~lHofi.~1Jo•••~~.*mfiR

( 6 )

Page 7: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 41 -

lfrrffff i3 ' 1*~lIll#H€JltEib ( supply push ) Z1:~~«iJ~~ ; ~ i3Z' IB,*~tl;;

PJf~flf ' nU~$r'1:~fffiiJ7f}~~fi~ZtI~~ilJ~m~m~kfi ' :t'ft~1:~JlJo

.~.~tl;;m~Z~.,~tl;;~1'!oZmft~••NW*'*$9Z~1'!omftW~tl;;1:~~~,~~.~~za~.~.~.,~.~~mZ~~~M~&~

~~ 0 tEJ/tt;~r' fi1'!oZ~~mftiU~ilJX9' @fi1'!oZmftJUP*-fiilf,l]O' ~

~*$9Z~~m~~.A~fl~~~~~~o~~'~.~tl;;m~~~m~,

mft~~1'!omft~rtz-~~~~~Z~*M~'~~~fi~~&~Z~*~.

'~JIt~JItm~r'.~1:~Z~~~tE~fiiJ~~mft~~~z~~'.~1:~

ZJj«iJ~-fi~*~51 ( demand pull ) Zm~iJ«iJ~~ 0 ~JIt ' .~&~~

m~zfi~&~~'~~~~m~m*Z~~ffff~~~fiZ~~'~~Z~~Jj

1oJ' ~N-g-m~z~~fflj§lJ~ 0

tl;;~ 42 ~~P3tIAtIBZMs~Rfil&.S:.53.4 i;R;' .¥tl;;~ 72 ~~••

76.9 i;R;; jl;~' ib1'!of.tMS~IBI2.5 ~£itt,l]Q. 33.2 ~R; , ilJ1'!of.tMs

'l!tfl5M!Ms~mft.S:Z1tf7UIB23.4%~•• 43.2 % ; ffffM1'!ortMS~ZRfil&.S:

ill 40.9 ~R;~•• 43.7~£ 0 :?£,*~:flZRfillll ' IBtl;;m 42 ~Z 2,283 ~~.

~ 73 ~Z 2,811 ~' ~'1s{ 5 ffl~ 0 tz§JltilJ93J' mP3tIAtIBMsitRfil&:flzilf

lJu ' ~*$9* §iIJ.rtMS~Rfillll:flilf1JUfflf§: 0

1J:5 tIAtIB~iiRfil&.S:z~ib

iIi S it ( i; £)

'¥ 7U U(~) -g- ~ iIJ • f.t M • if

:fl s91tC9,:i :fl s91tC%) -"'- s91tC%)11!

Q42"¥ 2,283 53.42 100 12.49 23.4 40.93 76.6

45 2,262 53.93 100 13.50 25.0 40.43 75.0,

50 2,430 60.34 100 15.79 26.2 44.55 73.8

55 2,433 62.26 100 19.28 31.0 42.98 69.0,

60 2,674 72.42 100 23.87 33.0 48.55 67.0

65 2,771 75.90 100 26.70 35.2 49.20 64.8

70 2,727 75.32 100 31.22 41.4 44.10 58.6

73 2,811 80.22 100 37.07 46.2 43.15 53.8

( 7 )

Page 8: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 42 -

~~~~~~~~ZwAw~~.~.~'~~6m~0~~~~ftZ~•.l:B~~9-" § ~~ 42 ~~ 73 if-fW ' if-~9r~5tjU~ 0.8 %I*. 1I.3 % ' ~;Wj

fdJ ' ~~Wif-ij1JD 2. 5 % ' *~ 4 .7 %, ~~ 3. 5 % ' M~ 6. 9 % ' :Wtfr~ 2.6

%, n~ 10.7% 'nUlj~4.8%'M~ 2.9 %, lI~I*.Tt~2.5 % 0 ffiJ!t,ijX;

~~ftZ' ••~~.B~~~~~'wn~'.~I*.~~zm••~~ij~o~~~~+~if-~'~Am.~lli~~~~m~~~W~1JD'W~.Z~~B~

~9-" J!t1i!D~~~~~.Zfi~Q'tlfl(food quality) B/:IAIH~:~' ~Q~7 I*.~3PJf~0

fk ~ R~I*.:¥ !1JU it ft MT t

Jt1lt ~i$l ilt ~ * ~ •

~42~ 157.07 141.19 15.15 62.96 9.41 9.47 60.23

45 150.16 132.59 16.55 64.18 9.41 10.87 58.38

50 165.03 136.78 24.57 55.04 9.41 12.28 57.18

55 156.33 137.42 16 58 44.45 II. 70 13.50 52.67

60 164.63 134.28 25.51 17.94 12.36 17.43 91.27

65 156.25 128.12 20.78 7.73 16.34 19.19 1I8.39

70 131.66 99.44 23.38 3.16 22.82 18.49 U5.60

73 II9.U 87.17 23.75 1.53 23.14 20.39 129.08

:¥ jU j( ~ ~ ~ • ~ ~.fr~ $I. ~ illlHl'r~

~@l(J42:¥ 17.94 17.81 1.45 16.05 1.59 3.43

45 14.52 17.04 1.63 18.81 6.03 3.72

50 19.86 15·60 1.63 25.33 9.38 4.84

55 26.18 22.91 2.63 28.84 4.97 5.01

60 44.96 26.43 4.12 34.34 10.98 7.75

65 62.14 31.64 5.86 35.27 18.35 9.95

70 80.51 40.10 8.56 35.79 27.77 II.18

73 74.73 51.67 11.17 35.07 36.76 14.65

~~*~:fi&~~~~'r#.fi~~~~Joitt; 1. E~I*. Tttfi.OOl:f-I.~ 0 lIJPO : '/i.E = 3.5 : 1 0

zn~tfi.D~~o.n:Dn=2: 1'~.;D$L=8 1 0

( 8 )

Page 9: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

1f;7 :fJt @Q @q R tit it & ~ lU~ 4'f!J m~ .II:

r>.

~

if wA~A';'iJf j,'J 4iA i'f1 f1l5UH ~ft,

*~@:mi'f1ftC~!T) ~~ra'lmm~!I'tfi it u~ !If*( JG )

C5C) (i'-) C~JT)53iJ Rm701¥·\lI}f!t1 S * ~ t(t i1 ~

42 17,861.00 8,071.11 2,283.00 5,788.11 141.19 15.15 157.07 13.971343 18,682.00 8,239.75 2,176.00 6,063.75 124.85 15.88 145.05 13.290544 19,607.00 8,300.65 2,247.00 6,053.65 134.18 14.29 149.20 13.307945 19,791.00 8,212.50 2,262.00 5,950.50 132.59 16.55 150.16 12.420046 20,587.00 8,290.50 2,369.00 5.921. 50 133.91 21.92 157.44 14.825747 21,339.00 8,497.26 2,359.00 6,138.26 131. 74 20.16 153.14 15.243948 22,077-00 8,649.28 2,340.00 6,309.28 135.31 19.09 156.29 15.350149 22,521·00 9,019.27 2,339.00 6,680.27 137.74 20.02 159.68 21. 044450 23,309.00 8,949.72 2,430.00 6,519.72 136.78 24.57 165.03 20.737551 24,598.00 9,180.58 2,317.00 6,863.58 132.10 22.04 156.81 13.728652 26,704·00 9,179.80 2,325.00 6,854.80 134.36 18.47 156.77 23.390253 29,544.00 10,035.87 2,364.00 7,671.87 129.87 17.17 150.84 23.876854 30,959·00 10,446.83 2,411.00 8,035.83 132.85 22.33 157.34 26.211055 32,980.00 10,515.06 2,433.00 8,082.06 137.42 16.58 156.33 27.071956 35,613.00 10,813.50 2,504.00 8,309.50 141. 47 13.43 157.80 47.332457 38,062.00 11,136.34 2,545.00 8,591.34 139.93 20.37 162.59 64.241058 41,130.00 11,036.08 2,639.00 8,397.08 138.74 24.88 166.67 68.255559 45,031.00 11,503.80 2,662.00 8,841.80 134.45 25.42 164.11 91. 894060 49,722.00 12,017.98 2,674.00 9,343.98 134.28 25.51 164.63 80.327961 55,438.00 12,891.14 2,737.00 10,154.14 133.52 27.10 165.78 142.390162 61,236.00 13,580.67 2,754.00 10,826.67 129.84 26.96 161.58 141. 431263 58,839.00 15.059.72 2,780.00 12,279.72 134.15 28.72 167.81 120.163464 59,739.00 16,151.12 2,722.00 13,429.12 130.39 24.31 162.11 160.171365 68,095.00 16,007.46 2,771.00 13,236.46 128.12 20.78 156.25 187.338666 72,899.00 16,590.25 2,805.00 13,785.25 125.06 22.58 156.63 196.187067 79,891.00 17,107.09 2,822.00 14,285.09 113.99 23.92 146.46 219.343468 85,016.00 16,851.12 2,845.00 14,006.12 107.04 23.81 144.16 248.007769 87,090.00 16,560.52 2,812.00 13,748.52 105.49 23.62 138.75 230.700070 89,161.00 17,061.87 2,727.00 14,332.87 99.44 23.38 131. 66 258.537371 90,454.00 17,425.03 2,749.00 14,676.03 95.77 22.42 130.26 248.450872 96,521.00 18,039.60 2,719.00 15,320.60 90.32 24.21 122.94 297.450973 106,221.00 18,506.25 2,811.00 15,786.25 87.17 23.75 119.11 270.0179

,it: * t;i:t~'m' {'~1.& Ti rrmer , Falcon, ,&Pearson ~iE ifi~H\Cffil1~' QfJf1j1 ft~'I't = m~15[ t±J - ~.i:(l983)0

niC't*l1m : Wt~~, r fiftZPii'iZ J 1k r llj7lfObK!t~ J 0

•J!IIImSl-it

"*:;!j.w~

§

RIJI!i-c'-"

"*Ol

::m

,/:>.w

Page 10: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 44 -

..\\

00

\ 0if:\ lr.l,~\

0\

....\ , -, N, , > ~:;

; r-. o§r-. ' / I~I~: + «

\ l!!iJ( '-'~'-' ' <:»

~, ,..,s-- ocr • ~3, \ cr

~\ , ~ ~~1«

\ ±l,", i!I 0 lili

......... ....r-="\ -, -< 0~

~~ '- J$ 0

*~,~ <, ..;'-<<,

-<<,

, """ to.J$ ~---> <:,.-------' -<J@ ----.: -"--, ~-, '-..,,

\ lili-,,~-,

\" ~\\ \ ~\ , \ 0

\

[ 0I 0 MI

I, ~ lr.l ~-, <,'; I "<l', , "

-,-, -,, L,I

l, ,

'--.r».

ljL 0. , I I I I I 8«s 8 0 8 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0

'-' "'. 0 ": 0 lr.l c:, u;. 0 lr.l....0> r-; "'1' N 0> to. "'1' N- - .... -

( 10 )

Page 11: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 45 -

-~rm§ , ~¥iJ (i~.H5~~" IJ\~" *5I " :E*' J\1lj~' *~~)ZtMfiiJ

0~=~,-~~~m~'~~~¥iJm~~Am.~»~~~~~z£~*~~

mf,t ( s *=) ~/J'~ (Jj~ ) zm~ ; J3-~~rdj~m~ , llt~~¥iJm~~1ii@J

pg:ti.f~'iiii.f&bZ m~m5If$fi fo'imi!i:¥iJZr~,~m. 0 ~¥iJZifi~mfi£~~~

.~itz.J& ' tfHfmJt~~WJ ( Bennett's law) ml±l' [email protected]::;m14ZffU?i'~

~~~*§~~~~LIt$(starchy staple ratio) :m~i!Wi~~(Timmer,

Falcan , Pearsan, 1983 ) 0 ~ Jlt' iliAili'lf.S*= ~~~mf{it ' £OC=~ 1mrtlL

~~@.~m~~~~~.B::;m~L~~W~~~~~L~~;~~.L~~fi~~

~m~~zm~'~M~~m~4m~o

~~4~'~Am~S*mfi~&~¥iJifi~m~~~~~m14Z~~m~~

a~IIAZr~~~ ; rmW:Aw'lf.~~m~~~~~m14Z~~rm1f~/J,~gZr~tI~ ; 4iA 4i'lf.~¥iJ~m~~~~~m14Z~~rm1f~i!WiijJJQZm~; ~m-~¥iJ

~m.~~••m~~z~~~~~z~.~.m~~'••~~m~z••~tfij JJQZm~ , E U i1Efifi J5fil:it~~ • ~ll ~ 8 0

~8 mAw'lf.S*'~~" ••~¥iJ&~~tti!i:.m~~~iliA1~I'H!!;m14Z iIE fifi 1ft f(; *G*

/ti ~ ~ 1lt~:rJ{ ~A~~pJT~ (~~7T~)' R'il R'MI F fM

W:AS*mfi 96.57400 0.002176 -0.254 x 10-'0.9~1 0.8466 79.998"'"

(5.914) * (-7.917)*

W:AJ@~mfi 5.09200 0.7175 x 10- 3 -0.6177x 10- 8

0.6831 0.4656 12.684"*(5.035) * (-4.971) *

~¥iJifi~m~ 98.365m 0.3154 x 10-' -0.331 x 10-" 0.7444 42.219**(5.964) * (-7.7176) * 0.~8

~r",'efiGW -58. 74246 0.32 x 10-' 0.2447 x 10-- 0.9888 0.9717 634.584**(6.188) * (0.5917)

~*l!tmt(tt) ~.7l24O0.3776 x 10-' -0.395 x 10- 8

0.9890 0.9782 621:1.018**(7.083) * (-0.809)

ff: *~ t MItE 1 %1UJ.¥*~r~¥ 0

**~FMI~I%~¥*~rlUJ.¥o

~~*~:*~.~~r~*~~~J' r.~~£~~J~~W~o

(ff):~~~m~Zm.B::;ffl~~J5~~~~~·EU.~A~~,.~*m:

r",'.m.~ = - 68.223 + 0.358 X 10" ([Wi B!;m:(.(j )(-13.718)* (38.237)*R' =0.98 R' =0.98 F=I,462

*\!l m~ .lI = 96.372 +0. 335 X 1(J' (~IXm:(.\.j )(19.30)* (35.644)*R 2 =0.98 R' =0.98 F= 1,270

( 11 )

Page 12: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 46 -

<,

/I

\'\

I

!I

'~~

~ffiIIi@l\r-

I fl!E\l::::"-*<"1: illv

,~I

/I

III1

8oIno-oooo0')

oooIn~

ooooc.o

ooooM

o1.0M

ooM

o00-

( 12 )

oN- o

c.oo

soIn-

Page 13: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 47 -

~~8~@m~~*'~A~~s*mw~,~~m.~~~~~~m.~

~~'~A~~ffl~Z~~~~tt~'W~A~~ffl~Z~~~~~~~~~'

~~~~A~~s*'~~~~~~~mft~~~A~~ffl~~~m~~w~~

Z~.;~~Z'~~~~ffl~.~z~~a.WM,s*'6m'~~m~m

ft~~ffl~Z~WW.~'~~~~ffl~••~~-*.~'~~Z~A~~m.~~ij~it1i~~0 ~naii1J~~~s1iZ~*sI1Eflf4~~Zrlt'~mft' Jtm~*6

*'~A~~ffl~~~A~~ffl~Z~~m~Z~~~~tt'~~~~~~~m

.~~~ffl~Z••W~~~DQ,w.~zm~offi~~~~~mft~~~ffl~Z••W~DQ' 1ift5l~~m~mftZ~it1iidE~'ft5l~~A'BJ~~~*'!mft~~~

~ffl~zm~~*'-~~~~~tt'W=~~~~~~;~~Z'~A~~~

.~mft~~~~ffl~Z••W~~'illB~~~W.~it1i~~zm.o~~w~,~~zm.*6.ft5l~~mm.~~~~ffl~••W~it1i~~Z

~.W~~Q~,w~z~~mft~~~ffl~Z••~m~it1i.~z~.,w~~~~m.~~~m.it1i.~z~.'~-~~m.M.~i1JZ•• '~~~~~~*~±Z~.M~W~'~~~~o

!l1i:~Z~*~,~f&~i't,;~ijZi*.'mf~*~~ii1t:/jt, ~~ffl~•• ' MIi:r1'-1.*ii1t:/jt.mf4m~#M~~'~~.*m.~w~~mft~WZtt~~~T~

;~~'m~MIi:~ffl~~*~~~'fi~.ADii1t:/jt.~AD~~Zi*.

,m~f4~MIi:~Z~.~~.*.~Z~i1Jo.~~~f4~MIi:~z~~~*

~i1J~*'ill~.*M~~~'~~~~ffl~z ••w~m*~i1J;~~~ffl~Z•• '~~f4~~s.z~*~it1i~W'Jt~~i1J.~~s.~~.~w*~

;Wf4~~m.zm.~~Mffi.$~Z~~W~it1i~~,~~~ii1tf4~~~~

m.~it1i.p,w~~~.m••••w'~~~~m.~~~~.~~*'.~'*R'~~~*fiffi~~~Q'ft5lW~ii1t~~.~§~nT~,~~.ii1t~

~*~~~*'~~ffi~~~.~~Ii:*6~-Ii:~m~*~~~.*m.*6~.

~Wlli~w,ll~m~ii1tZM*o

§~~Mttmtr~ffi~~~.,.*mm~MOOm'M~~~ro*~Ii:~~

zl'l1J' 1tJ&f\;;rlt,.m.~~z~Q' ~•• ti*§*~1J ; .~tflJ\!l~*1t*~~~.~Ii:~~s~M~~Z~~'ill~~~*.**~~ffi'~~M~~$

'~~~~.~'a.~~~~s••Ii:~, ••m*§~1J~~~£~~~~~~;~~'.~.Ii:~~li:m~Zw,ll~'~mM.~~*~~'ill~.M~'

m~~mtr~ffi~~~.'w,ll~M~~Ii:~~'~~~.*~*M~Z~~'~

( 13 )

Page 14: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 48 -

If!lRJH~ ; r~~ft&bil~ijf~:t±jJ '.~~ii~flj' %(g56M' ~~t::;T=::if:M'5~15Jio

Z.~~:#~.~mmZM.Ma.,~~~.~~,~.t::;+~::if:+Ao

3. Stevens, R. K., Tradition and Dynamics in Small Farm Agriculture, Iowa

State University Press, 19774. Timmer, C. P., W. P. Falcon and S. R. Pearson, Food Policy Analysis

International Bank, 1983.5. Tweeten, L., Foundations of Farm Policy, University of Nebraska Press,

2nd ed., 1979.

( 14 )

Page 15: o · - 38 - ¥fiL:% AQ~~ m * ~ ii 1311 $ ~ J.ltl ~,gt~$ ~~7f ii13l1$:Jftt~~Z ii11l1$ ( p ) ( g ) ~(7).) D=P+7). PJil~5fj!@:(7)n) D=P+1). 51~ 55 3.10 5.36 0.51 5.83 1.47 10

- 49 -

The Change of Food Consumption Structure in Taiwan

Tso-Kwei Peng*

Summary

The objective of this paper is to analyze the change of increasing rateand structure of food consumption in the pace with increasing of per

capita income in Taiwan from 1953 to 1984. The increasing rate offood consumption has been influenced substantially by Engel's law, but

which is not a main reason caused the slowed growth rate in agriculturalproduction. In other words, the increasing rate of food consumption is

declining, but that figure is larger than the growth rate of agriculturalproduction.

The consumption of starchy food has been decreased sharply during

last two decades. However, indirect consumption of grain is increaseddrastically for providing high quality food, such as meat, dairy and eggs.

But the feed grain is largely imported, which caused a reduction of self

sufficiency rate in food during last decade.

* The author is the director of Research Institute of Agricultural Eco­

nomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R. O. C.

( 15 )