O BRAVE NEW WORLD

•EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM•THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE•THE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM•EUROCENTRISM •THE RISE OF ENGLAND

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

• When the early explorers including Columbus returned from their voyages to Europe, they often brought back indigenous peoples in addition to treasures like gold

• In this painting from the 1800s by Eugene Deveria, Columbus is kneeling at the feet of Queen Isabella

• How do some of the choices of this painting represent a European bias?

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

• When the early explorers including Columbus returned from their voyages to Europe, they often brought back indigenous peoples in addition to treasures like gold

• In this painting from the 1800s by Eugene Deveria, Columbus is kneeling at the feet of Queen Isabella

• How do some of the choices of this painting represent a European bias?

– EUROCENTRISM:» The tendency of Europeans to view

historical events from the European perspective

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0EqTRCJb_g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

• Portugal and Spain competed to find the trade routes to Asia

• Spain and Portugal could not arrive at a settlement for splitting up the Asians trade

• In 1494, the pope proposed a secret treaty, The Treaty of Tordesillas

• It divided the world between the Spanish and the Portuguese

» Spain would maintain control of all land west of an imaginary line running north and south through the Atlantic

» Portugal would have any land east of that line

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

• Other European leaders were angry when they heard about the treaty

• England and France ignored it and sent out explorers across North America to find new territories

• Imperialism – the extension of power over a territory became the prevailing movement

» For example France and England fought for control over the territory we now know as Canada

TAKING CHARGE

• The territories in Central and South America claimed by Columbus and other Spanish explorers became known as New Spain

• The Spanish government granted land to people who wanted to settle in New Spain to mine for precious minerals or set up plantations to grow crops for export to Spain

• Indigenous people were enslaved by Spanish landowners and forced to work in terrible conditions• Millions of people were literally worked to

death in the silver mines and fields

IMPERIALIST TREASURE

• Mines in Peru, Bolivia and other areas shipped thousands of tonnes of gold, silver and emeralds to Spain

• For a period of time Spain was the richest country in Europe

• The English developed small, fast, highly manoeuvrable ships that were ideal for attacks against the slower-moving Spanish galleons

• Soon the English captains were raiding Spanish ships and coastal towns

THE COSTS OF IMPERIALISM

• In the early 1400s, the Inca and Aztecs had thriving cultures in what is now Central and South America

• Everywhere the Europeans settled in the Americas, the Indigenous peoples paid a terrible costs

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8S_WFqJ4AY&feature=related

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1-QfatP64Q&feature=related

THE COSTS OF IMPERIALISM

• Roland Wright, author of Stolen Continents, identified the following results of European imperialism

» By 1600 less than 1/10th of the original population of the Americas remained

» Perhaps 90 million Indigenous peoples died during that time

» Most died of diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza brought by the Europeans

» Indigenous peoples had no natural immunity to them

» Many indigenous people in North America died out

THE RISE OF THE ENGLISH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgc7xkftgic

• Francis Drake was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world

• He gained notoriety for his attacks on Spanish ships and bringing wealth to England and earning the gratitude of Queen Elizabeth

• Elizabeth was well educated, fluent in Greek and Latin and a patron of the arts

• Under her reign England defeated the Spanish Armada, in a great naval battle

• Under her reign England emerged as a true world power

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35djJpYpP7k&feature=related

THE RISE OF THE ENGLISH• The military and economic success of England

gave its people a sense of confidence and pride• Patriotism a sense of identity linked with the

achievements of one’s country grew in England• One of the sources of pride for England during

this period was the writer William Shakespeare» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLg-ziZg2fc

EXPANSIONISM AND IMPERIALISM

• Europeans saw themselves as superior to the Indigenous peoples

• They needed the resources of the Americas to support their economy and fuel the establishment of colonies

• They saw competition for land and resources as necessary for survival and supremacy

• These attitudes led to a disregard for the rights of Indigenous and First Nations peoples• The expansion of the slave trade carried out

largely by English merchants who provided labour for plantation owners