o WHAT: America to expand. o WHAT: Explain how the U.S

OBJECTIVES: Chapter 18:1 The Roots of Imperialism

o WHAT: Identify the key factors that influenced America to expand.

o WHAT: Explain how the U.S. took its steps toward increased global power.

o WHAT: Explain the chain of events leading up to the U.S. annexation of Hawaii.

o WHY: 11.4 Trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.

o WHY: 11.4 (2). Describe the Spanish-American War and U. S. expansion in the South Pacific.

(Pro 23:10) Remove not the old

landmark; and enter not into the

fields of the fatherless:

• ACTIVITY:

• Have one student represent a bully nation.

• Pick three students who represent weaker nations.

• Stronger student would go to the weak nation and command them to give them their most precious resource (oil, gold, rubber, people, etc.)

Imperialism

o The policy by which the

strong nations extend

their political, military, and

economic control over

weaker territories.

o Often times making

weaker nations the

stronger nation’s colony.

Reasons for Imperialism

• Desire for raw materials and natural resources (Europe and Japan)

• These were called extractive colonies.

• The imperial country extracted or removed raw materials from the colony and shipped them to the home country.

• Possessing more colonies gave nations an edge in gaining more global resources (Competition).

Reasons for Imperialism

• The U.S. had vast natural resources and did not need raw materials.

• The U.S. had a vast surplus of goods and commodities.

• Not enough buyers within the U.S. to buy these products (domestic consumption).

• The U.S. need to sell these goods overseas.

Need For Military Strength:

• Roosevelt wanted the U.S. to be a world

power.

• In order to be a imperialist power a

nation must build up their military.

• Alfred T. Mahan, a military historian and

U.S. Naval officer believed that great

nations had powerful navies.

• Mahan transformed the U.S. into a naval

power.

Need For Military Strength:

• Mahan called upon the U.S. to build a modern

fleet.

• And the U.S. needed to acquire foreign bases

where U.S. ships could refuel and resupply.

• The U.S. expanded and modernized its navy

by building new steel-plated steam-powered

battleships.

• By 1900, the U.S. had the third largest navy in

the world.

• Today America has the most powerful navy in

the world.

Social Darwinism

o Imperialists thought they were

racially nationally, and culturally

superior.

o These Social Darwinists felt that

certain nations and races were

superior to others.

o And were destined to rule over

inferior peoples and cultures.

Social Darwinism:

• Americans embraced this idea.

• Some Americans believed that

God had granted them the

right and responsibility to settle

the frontier.

• They spoke of America’s

“Manifest Destiny” to expand

all the way to the Pacific

Ocean.

Social Darwinism:

• Josiah Strong, was a American

missionary.

• He believed that it was the mission of

America, to spread Western values to

weaker or less civilized nations.

• To gain converts for Christianity.

GROUP ACTIVITY

o Does the Bible support Josiah Strong’s position? Give Bible verses to support your position.

o During this time of imperialism, Christians began to believe in Social Darwinism. Is Social Darwinism and Christianity compatible?

• Pro_14:31 He that oppresseth

the poor reproacheth his Maker:

but he that honoureth him hath

mercy on the poor.

• (Rom 13:10) Love worketh no ill

to his neighbour: therefore love

is the fulfilling of the law.

• When the Holy Spirit moves upon human minds, all petty complaints and accusations between man and his fellow man will be put away. The bright beams of the Sun of Righteousness will shine into the chambers of the mind and heart. In our worship of God there will be no distinction between rich and poor, white and black. All prejudice will be melted away. When we approach God, it will be as one brotherhood. {RH, October 24, 1899 par. 8}

Manifest Destiny: Historian Fredrick Jackson Turner

o The frontier had been closed by gradual

settlement in the nineteenth century.

o Turner believed the frontier helped ambitious

Americans to have a fresh start and pursue

their fortunes.

o It served as a “safety valve” to prevent people

from not feeling happy or content.

o This would lead to internal conflict.

o To prevent this some believed the need to

expand overseas.

America’s Steps to a World Power:

o In 1853, Commodore Matthew

Perry led a fleet of American

warships into Tokyo Bay, Japan.

o Giving lavish gifts to the Emperor

and showing off their powerful guns.

Impact of Perry’s Visit:

o Japan no longer used swords but

modernizes its military.

o Japan itself becomes a imperialist

nation.

o Japan would later used the

technology and training they

learned from the U.S. and other

European nations to attack the U.S.

in Pearl Harbor.


• In 1867 the U.S. took possession of the Midway Islands.

• Treaties in 1875 and 1887 increased trade with the Hawaiian Islands.

• This gave the U.S. the right to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor.


• In 1867, Secretary of State William

Seward bought Alaska from

Russia for $7.2 million.

• At first it was criticized as a “ice

box.”

U.S. Influence in Latin America Grows:

• 1889, U.S. Secretary of State

James Blain help organize the First

International Pan-American

Conference of nations in the

Americas.

• This paved the way for the

construction of the Pan-American

Highway system.

U.S. Acquires Hawaii • The Hawaiian Islands was a

important port economically for

the U.S.

• Since the 1790s U.S. merchant

ships stopped at Hawaii on their

way to Asia.

• American Christian missionaries

established churches and

schools in the islands.

U.S. Acquires Hawaii • Americans had also established

sugar cane plantations there.

• In 1887 American planters

convinced King Kalakaua to

amend the Hawaiian constitution.

• Voting rights were limited to only

wealthy land owners who were

White.

U.S. Acquires Hawaii

• In the 1890s, American Sugar planters faced losing profits

• U.S. tariff law imposed duties on previously duty-free Hawaiian sugar.

• This made Hawaiian sugar more expensive than sugar produced in the U.S.

• The sugar-growers in Hawaii thought they would suffer decreasing sales and profits.


• In 1891, Queen Lilluokalani

succeeded her brother, after his

death.

• She was a nationalist.

• She abolished the Hawaiian

Constitution that gave political

power to the White minority.


• In 1893, Planters such as Sanford B. Dole with the backing of U.S. Officials help overthrow the queen.

• John Stevens, U.S. minister to Hawaii, ordered the U.S. Marines to help the rebels seize power.

• The new government, led by wealthy planter Sanford B. Dole asked President Benjamin Harrison to annex Hawaii into the U.S.

U.S. Acquires Hawaii o President Harrison signed the treaty of

annexation.

o But could not get the required senate approval before Grover Cleveland became president.

o Cleveland ordered a full investigation which revealed that the majority of the Hawaiian people did not approve the treaty.

o Cleveland refused to sign the agreement.

o By the Spanish American War, congress declared Hawaii a U.S. territory.

The American Sentinel: 1898

• “But now, the United States Government itself is departing from the principles for which it has hitherto stood. When it arose as a power among the nations, it protested against despotism in the name of the inalienable right of all men to civil and religious freedom. Its policy was that of "government of the people, by the people, and for the people." But a new policy is coming to the front; territory is now held under the authority of the United States in which the majority of the people have no voice in the Government. This is the case in Hawaii, which is now under military rule, than which a more despotic form of government does not exist.” A.T. Jones

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

• What do you think of Imperialism? Do you

think nations practice imperialism today? If

so, what examples do you see?

OBJECTIVES: Chapter 18: Section 2

o WHAT: Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War.

o WHAT: Explain the major battles of the War.

o WHAT: Describe the consequences of the war including the debate over imperialism.



Lev_19:16 Thou shalt not go

up and down as a talebearer

among thy people: neither shalt

thou stand against the blood of

thy neighbour: I am the LORD.

The Spanish American War:

• Cuba was coveted by American businessmen.

• By 1897, American businessmen invested $50 million in sugar cane plantations and other ventures.

• Cuba was 90 miles away from Florida.

• They saw Cuba as a growing market.


• Cuba was in the midst of a rebellion.

• Cuban rebels were fighting against the Spanish.

• American property was destroyed during the conflict.


• Spain set up concentration

camps where thousands of

rebels died of starvation and

disease.

• The Americans sympathize with

the Cubans.


• Rival Newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst influenced the public to dislike the Spanish Empire.

• Their newspapers were called the Yellow Press.

• They made sensationalistic headlines.

• Exaggerated Spanish atrocities.

The Spanish American War: o In February 1898, Hearst published a private

letter written by Spanish Ambassador Enrique

Dupuy de Lome stolen by Cuban rebels.

o The letter leaked to Hearst called McKinley a

“weak and a stupid politician.”

o Hearst sensationalized the headline as “Worst

insult to the United States in Its History.”

o The American public became angry and

nationalistic.

o Relations with Spain turned bad.

The Battleship Maine:

• The Maine was ordered by McKinley to Havana Harbor to protect Americans.

• The ship exploded, killing 266 of the 350 crew.

• Newspapers blamed Spain with sensational headlines.

• The public wanted war with Spain.

• Later investigation found that Spain was not likely responsible.

• Congress authorized McKinley’s request to fight the Spanish.

DISCUSSION QUESTION:

o Do you think the media or individuals

have the right to spread untrue news

and information such as fake news in

social media?

o What do you think is the impact of false

news being spread?

“Thou shalt not bear false

witness against thy neighbour.”

Exodus 20:16


• On May 1, 1898, Commodore George

Dewey led a squadron of ships against

the Spanish in Manila Bay, Philippines.

• The Americans completely surprised

the Spanish fleet stationed there.

• No American was killed while 400

Spanish sailors lost their lives.


• Meanwhile, Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo was defeating the Spanish army.

• Like the Cubans, the Filipinos were fighting for freedom from Spain.

• In August, after some 15,000 U.S. soldiers had landed on the islands.

• Spanish troops surrendered to the United States.

U.S. Forces Win In Cuba

• American troops landed in Cuba

in June 1898.

• U.S. Marines captured

Guantanamo Bay.

• General William Shafter

commanded an army of 17,000

to Cuba.

U.S. Forces Win In Cuba • Shafter’s army consisted of

state National Guard units

who were poorly equipped.

• Also fighting were the Rough

Riders (a group of wealthy

adventurers led by Teddy

Roosevelt).

• The Ninth and Tenth Calvary,

an all African American unit.


• The Ninth and Tenth

Calvary and the Rough

Riders gained fame.

• With their actions in the

battles for Kettle and San

Juan Hills.


• Two days after the Rough Riders victory the Spanish Navy in Cuba was destroyed by the U.S. Navy.

• The Americans also occupied Puerto Rico.

• Almost 3,000 Americans died during the war only 380 died in combat.

• Disease, especially malaria and yellow fever caused most of the deaths.

Treaty of Paris:

• Signed by Spain and U.S. in 1898 officially ended the war.

• Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific Island of Guam.

• It also sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.

The Teller Amendment:

• Passed by Congress when it

declared War on Spain.

• Prevented the U.S. from

annexing Cuba.

• But it did not prevent the U.S.

from taking over the

Philippines.

Effects of the War: • The Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris in

February of 1899 with a vote of 57 to 27 in favor of the treaty.

• In 1900 McKinley with his new running mate, Teddy Roosevelt ran against William Jennings Bryan.

• McKinley and Roosevelt soundly defeating Bryan.

• The U.S. now solidified itself as a world power and an empire.

• It was a turning point in the history of American foreign policy.

DISCUSSION QUESTION:

Do you think America should use its

influence to spread their ideas of a

democratic form of government and their

way of life to other nations?


o WHAT: Explain U.S. imperialism in Philippines and China.

o WHAT: Explain the U.S. growing influence in foreign affairs in Asia.


o WHY: 11.4 (1) List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy.

How does the Kingdom of Heaven seek

to spread their ideas?

“And this gospel of the kingdom

shall be preached in all the

world for a witness unto all

nations; and then shall the end

come.” Matthew 24:14

The Philippines: • President McKinley argued that the

U.S. should rule the Philippines to civilize and uplift the nation.

• It was a valuable stepping stone to trade with China.

• If the U.S. didn’t take over the Philippines, another Imperialist nation would.

• Anti-Imperialists argued that imperialism was a crime.

• Anti-Imperialists included Mark Twain and William Jennings Bryan.

U.S. and East Asia • Filipino Nationalist leader Emilio

Aguinaldo thought that the U.S. was an ally for Filipino independence.

• Disillusioned, Aguinaldo organized an insurrection or rebellion against U.S. rule.

• The rebels believed they were fighting of the same self- rule that the Patriots fought for during the American Revolution.

U.S. and East Asia

• Filipino insurgents relied on

guerrilla warfare.

• A form of nontraditional

warfare generally involving

small bands of fighters to

attack behind American

lines.

U.S. and East Asia o The U.S. used Concentration

Camps similar to the Spanish in

Cuba, imprisoning Civilians.

o In the spring of 1901, the

Americans captured Aguinaldo.

o This marked the beginning of the

end of the insurrection.

U.S. and East Asia • This war took more lives than the

Spanish American War.

• Nearly 5,000 Americans, and 200,000 Filipinos died in the fighting.

• The U.S. government sent more than 100,000 troops to fight in the war.

• Spent upwards of $400 million to defeat the insurgency.

Self Rule:

• In 1901, William Howard Taft a

future president of the U.S.

became governor of the

Philippines.

• Taft wanted the island to

recover from the rebellion.

U.S. and East Asia

• He censored the press.

• Placed dissidents in Jail to

maintain order.

• To win support of the Filipino

people, he extended limited self-

rule.

• Ordered construction of schools,

roads, and bridges.

U.S. and East Asia

• In 1916, Congress passed the

Jones Act.

• This pledged that the Philippines

would ultimately get their

independence.

• Which happened 30 years later

after World War II.

DEBATE/POLL

Do you think the United States should have given Philippines its independence

after the Spanish American War?

Consider McKinley’s argument that if the U.S. did not hold on to the Philippines another Imperialist nation would take

over

U.S. and China • In 1899, the once mighty China was

in disarray.

• Britain, France, Germany, and

Russia carved China into distinct

spheres of influence.

• Within its zone, each power had

privileged access to Chinese ports

and markets.

U.S. and China • In 1899, The U.S. Secretary

of State John Hay issued a

series of notes to foreign

diplomats.

• The U.S. expected equal

treatment in commerce and

business in China.

Boxer Rebellion • With the growing foreign influence, Some

Chinese began to join secret societies.

• One was the Righteous and Harmonious Fists.

• They were nicknamed “Boxers” from Europeans because its members trained in martial arts.

• This society celebrated traditional Chinese customs and criticized western ways.

• This led to violence against foreigners called the Boxer Rebellion.

U.S. and China

• In May 1900 the Boxers killed foreign missionaries.

• Besieged the foreign diplomats’ district in Beijing.

• A multinational force of European, American, and Japanese troops was sent to the Chinese capital to squash the Boxer Rebellion.

Aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion

• China was forced to pay for the

damages caused by the Boxers

(Indemnity).

• The Chinese public were angry

and overthrew the last emperor

of China in 1911.

Open Door Policy: • Hay stated that the U.S. did not

want colonies in China.

• Only wanted Free Trade.

• To show good will the U.S. used some of the indemnity money from China to fund scholarships.

• These scholarships were for Chinese students who wanted to study in the U.S.

The Russo-Japanese War:

• Japan disapproved of European carving up of the region.

• Took offense to the presence of Russian troops in Manchuria, a region of China that bordered Russia.

• Japan fought Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and defeated the Russians.

The Russo Japanese War:

• In 1905 representatives of Russia and Japan met in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

• To negotiate the end of the Russo-Japanese war.

• President Teddy Roosevelt convinced the two sides to sign a peace treaty when talks stalled.

• Roosevelt won a noble peace prize.

• It showed America’s growing influence in world affairs.

Tensions Rise Between Japan and the U.S.

• There was growing Anti-Asian

sentiment in the West Coast.

• In The fall of 1906, The San

Francisco School Board banned

Japanese, Chinese, and Korean

Children from attending public

schools with White Children.

The Gentlemen’s Agreement:

• Japan was angry.

• Roosevelt negotiated the

gentlemen’s agreement with

Japan.

• The agreement pledged to end

segregation policy while Japan

agreed to limit emigration of its

citizens to the U.S.

THE GREAT WHITE FLEET SETS SAIL

• Roosevelt also promoted military

preparedness to protect U.S. interests

in Asia.

• Expressing rising concerns about

Japan’s territorial expansion at the

expense of China, Korea, and Russia.

• The president won congressional

support for a new force of navy ships

known as the Great White Fleet.

THE GREAT WHITE FLEET SETS SAIL

o In 1907, Roosevelt sent

this armada of 16 white

battleships on a “good will

cruise” around the world.

o This demonstrated

America’s increased

military power in the

world.


https://www.history.com/news/american-isolationism

What do you think of American foreign policy (How America dealt with other nations) at this time? Do

you see similarities today or differences?

(List them on the white board)

Do you think the United States needs to expand its territory and involve itself in other nations in order to

maintain its power or do you think the U.S. should just focus on its own borders?





EXIT TICKET

Explain how the U.S. became a world power after the

Spanish American War.


o WHAT: Explain what happened to Puerto Rico and Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

o WHAT: Explain the effects of Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy.

o WHAT: Compare Wilson’s moral diplomacy with the foreign policies of his predecessors.



o WHY:11.4 (4) Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches.

Dan_7:7 After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns.

THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA:

• After the Spanish American

War.

• Puerto Rico remained under

direct U.S. military rule.

Foraker Act (1900)

o Congress authorizes Puerto Rico to have a civil government.

o The U.S. president would appoint the governor and part of the Puerto Rican legislature.

o The rest of the legislature would be filled by a Puerto Rican general election.

PLATT AMENDMENT IN CUBA:

• Amendment added to the Cuban Constitution after the U.S. military left Cuba (1902).

• It Restricted the rights of newly independent Cubans.

• Cuba could not sign a treaty with another nation without U.S. approval.

• Cuba needed to lease naval stations to the U.S.

PLATT AMENDMENT:

• The U.S. was given right to intervene to preserve order in Cuba.

• Although Cubans did not like this, it was a way for the U.S. to leave Cuba.

• The U.S. wanted Cuba not to be an outpost to a hostile power.

The American Sentinel: 1898

• “Porto Rico is another district under the like rule, and Cuba and the Philippines are almost certain to be incorporated into the national domain on a similar footing. The dream of American statesmen is of empire, rather than of "Liberty enlightening the World" with the glory of free government.”

Roosevelt Pursues Big Stick Diplomacy:

o Use strong military to achieve its goals.

o Flex military muscle with a strong navy.

o Roosevelt believed that the U.S. had the moral duty to “civilize” weaker nations.

o America’s elite (Statesmen and Captain’s of Industry) needed to assume international leadership.

o To create a better world based on American values.

ACTIVITY

Call student volunteer as teacher

demonstrates the Big Stick Foreign

policy.

AMERICA BUILDS THE PANAMA CANAL

o The U.S. wanted to build a canal in Panama.

o Columbia needed to give U.S. permission to do so.

o Columbia demanded the U.S. to pay them more money than they were willing to pay.

o Roosevelt had the Navy support a rebellion that led Columbia to give Panama independence.

PANAMA CANAL:

o More than 35,000 workers helped dig the Panama Canal.

o More than 5,000 workers died from disease and accidents.

o Doctors were able to find new treatments for tropical diseases while the Canal was built.

o The Canal opened in 1914.

o It Cut 8,000 nautical miles off a trip via water from the West Coast to the East Coast of the U.S.

• PANAMA CANAL ACTIVITY:

• Open up a row in the classroom. Have a

volunteer go the long way around the

classroom and time him or her. Then go

through the open “canal” way. Time the

difference.

Roosevelt updates the Monroe Doctrine:

o Some Latin American nations

were unable to pay their debts

to foreign investors.

o This led to the possibility that

European nations would send

troops to Latin America.

o Roosevelt updates the

Monroe Doctrine called the

Roosevelt Corollary.

ACTIVITY:

One volunteer is America. One Volunteer

Europe, One volunteer Latin America.

Europe threatens Latin American with

troops, America steps in.

Roosevelt Corollary:

o U.S. would be the police power in

the Western Hemisphere.

o Europeans were not to send troops if Latin American nations wronged them in their agreements.

o The U.S. would send their military instead to solve the issue.

o Roosevelt reasserted long standing U.S. policy of keeping Europe from interfering in the Western Hemisphere.

o Latin American nations were upset, saying they could police themselves.


Do you think the United States has the

right to be the “police” of the Western

Hemisphere?

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY:

o Proposed by President Taft, who succeeded Roosevelt.

o Aimed to increase American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean.

o Taft resorted to the big stick to protect American business interests in Nicaragua.

o Setting up a pro-American government.

WILSON’S MORAL DIPLOMACY:

• Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson.

• Instead of conquest, a policy that focused on human rights, national integrity, and opportunity.

• Wilson criticized his Republican predecessors when he became president (1912).

WILSON SENDS TROOPS:

• Wilson sent troops in Haiti

(1915) to protect American

investments.

• And to guard against German

or French aggression to Haiti.

• The U.S. also interfered in the

politics in Mexico.

U.S. And Mexico

• For decades, Mexican dictator Porfirion Diaz catered to the rich while most of Mexico struggled in poverty.

• In 1911, Francisco Madero led the Mexican Revolution that toppled Diaz.

• Madero was committed to reforms but was a weak administrator.

U.S. And Mexico

o In 1913, General Victoriano Huerto overthrew Francisco Madero from power.

o Madero was executed.

o Huerta pledged to protect American businesses.

o Wilson refused to recognize the Mexican Government.

o Sent the marines to install Venusatiano Carranza as president.

U.S. And Mexico

• Carranza had support of most of the Mexican People.

• But was slow to bring reforms.

• Francisco Pancho Villa led a rebellion.

• Wilson initially sought good relations with Villa.

• But American support disappeared in 1916.

U.S. And Mexico

• Villa’s forces raided the town of Columbus, New Mexico and killed 18 Americans.

• Wilson sent General John J. Pershing and more than 10,000 troops to capture or kill Villa.

• Villa was never caught.

• The U.S. diverted to their attention to WWI.

• Pershing was sent to France to lead the U.S. Expeditionary Forces.

MATCH THE SUSPECT ACTIVITY:

“In Groups, figure out who matches this description. The first group to match who

the suspect will get a drop quiz.”

What terrorists in the 2000s is Pancho Villa similar to as someone the U.S. did all they

can to kill and capture? What was different for this case as oppose to Pancho Villa?

A World Power:

o A generation earlier, it was hard to imagine U.S. sending troops overseas.

o The U.S. emerged as a world power.

o Its victory over Spain.

o U.S. actions in Asia (Philippines and China), and in Latin America

o Demonstrated the growing strength of the U.S.

o Established a powerful world class navy symbolized by the “Great White Fleet.”

o Now World War I would test that new global strength.

True Expansion • The symbols of earthly governments are

wild beasts, but in the kingdom of Christ, men are called upon to behold, not a ferocious beast, but the Lamb of God. Not as a fierce tyrant did he come, but as the Son of man; not to conquer the nations by his iron power.... He came as the divine Restorer, bringing to oppressed and down-trodden humanity the rich and abundant grace of Heaven, that by the power of his righteousness, man, fallen and degraded though he was, might be a partaker of divinity. {SW, December 24, 1907 par. 3}

True Expansion • “And this gospel of the kingdom shall

be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come.” Matthew 24:14

• Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen. Matthew 28:19-20.


How do you think nations that are richer

and stronger should treat nations that are

weaker?

EXIT TICKET

Explain the foreign policy of President Roosevelt,

Taft, and Wilson.

POP QUIZ!!!!!!!!!!

B –Suppression A –Imperialism

C –Dictatorship D –Total Revenue

The policy by which the strong nations extend

their political, military, and economic control over

weaker territories.

B –Alfred Mahan A –Henry Gloval

C –James T. Kirk D –Matthew Perry

American naval historian and officer

who wrote for a need for America to

have a strong navy.

B –Alfred Mahan A –Henry Gloval

C –James T. Kirk D –Matthew Perry

Name of American admiral who led a

fleet of ships to Japan to open trade

with the Japanese.

B –Cok E. Cola A –Sanford B. Dole

C –John Harvey Kellogg D –Matthew Perry

This wealthy planter became the leader

of Hawaii after the Queen was

overthrown and sought Hawaii to be

United States territory.

B –Blue A –Pink

C –Yellow D -Red

Type of journalism that sensationalized

headlines and helped pressure the

United States government to declare

war on Spain.

B –Arizona A –Maine

C –New Hampshire D -Florida

Name of American battle ship that blew

up in Havana Harbor that the Yellow

press blamed because of Spanish

sabotage.

B –William Taft A –Theodore Roosevelt

C –Both A and B D –None of the above

Name of the commanding officer of the

Rough Riders who led the charge up

Kettle Hill.

B –Tenth Calvary A –Ninth Calvary

C –Both A and B D –None of the above

Two heroic African American Calvary

units that helped the rough riders take

Kettle Hill.

B –Guam A –Philippines

C –Cuba and Puerto Rico D –All of the Above

Territories that the United States

inherited after the Spanish American

War.

B –The Big Boss A –The Big Bat

C –The Big Stick D –All of the Above

Foreign policy that Teddy Roosevelt had

that placed the burden of the United

States to spread its values to civilize

other nations and to use its military

might.

B –Panama Canal A –Suez Canal

C –Venice Canal D –All of the Above

Canal that was built by workers of the

United States in this Latin American

country that helped ships navigate

faster between the Atlantic and Pacific.

B –Pears A –Apples

C –Sugar D –Trees

A crop that American planters invested

in nations such as Cuba and Hawaii.

Documents

o WHAT: America to expand. o WHAT: Explain how the U.S