OBJECTIVE: IDENTIFY IMPORTANT EVENTS AND ISSUES SIGNIFICANT TO

TEXAS

Unit 9 Vocabulary

Cowboys The first cowboy was

the Spanish vaqueroTwo-thirds were

African-American (former enslaved people), Mexican-Americans (Tejanos), and women***

Cattle trailsDeveloped to

transport cattle to the railroads, which took them to market in northern states

Led to the development of railroads and towns in less-developed areas***

Cattle Brought to America

by the Spaniards***

Irrigation

Artificial application of water to the soil

Usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall***

Railroads

Due to growth of the railroad in Texas people were able to travel, live, and create new business in all areas of Texas

People were able to transport crops and cattle across Texas and the United States

Past – to transport cattle, agricultural products and people

Present – refrigerated trucks and faster rail systems transport cattle and agricultural products as well as freight***

Closing of the open range

Fences were used to keep cattle, sheep, and goats within one’s property

Changed the business of ranching to be more commercial and encouraged other types of industries to move into the area***

Buffalo SoldiersAfrican American

soldiersWere in the 9th and 10th

CavalryWere in the 24th and 25th

Infantry Regiments stationed in Texas

Former enslaved people who fought during the Indian Wars

American Indians gave them this nickname for their bravery***

WindmillsTwo types: windpump and

windwheelFarmers and ranchers were

able to water their crops and animals, they did not have to be near a river or aquifer

Past – provided water so cattle can be contained and farming can be developed

Present – irrigation systems are built to be more effectively provide water for animals and farming***

Barbwire

Prevented cattle and other animals from destroying crops

Past – fenced in open range and kept cattle from braking fence

Present – large commercial farms that use stronger fencing material***