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Jean-Louis BRIAUD Distinguished Professor Texas A&M University OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE BRIDGE SCOUR ENGINEER

OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 1: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Distinguished Professor Texas A&M University

OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE BRIDGE

SCOUR ENGINEER

Page 2: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

2Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Acknowledgements

• Texas DOT (John Delphia)

• Massachusetts DOT (Rich Murphy, HananFouad)

• Texas A&M University (Hamn-Chin Chen, Francisco Oliveira, Anand Govindasamy, Dekay Kim, Inwoo Jung, Hans Kim)

Page 3: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

SCOUR DEPTHS

Normal Water Level

LC

z(abut)

z(abut) Applies z(cont) Applies

Probable Flood Level

z(pier) z(cont)

Page 4: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

PROBLEM

1. Comparison between measured and calculated scour depths by current method (HEC-18) exhibits a lot of scatter

2. Comparison between measured and calculated scour depths by current method (HEC-18) shows excessive conservatism on the average

Page 5: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

HEC-18 RESULTS

0 2 4 6 8 100

2

4

6

8

10

Measured Landers-Mueller Pier Scour, zmax (m)

Det

erm

inis

tic H

EC-1

8 Sa

nd, z

max

(m)

Zpredicted/Zmeasured = 3.26

LANDERS-MUELLER DATABASEPIER SCOUR

Page 6: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

6Jean-Louis BRIAUD

HEC 18 Results–Bridge Case Histories

Page 7: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

7Jean-Louis BRIAUD

OMS Results-Bridge Case Histories

Page 8: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

8Courtesy of the University of Kentucky at Louisville

Page 9: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 10: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 11: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 12: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 13: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 14: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

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Page 15: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

15

EFA - EROSION FUNCTION APPARATUS

Page 16: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

16

Scour Rate vs Shear Stress

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Shear Stress (N/m2)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Sand D50=0.3 mm

Scour Rate vs Velocity

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Velocity (m/s)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Sand D50=0.3 mm

EROSION FUNCTION FOR A FINE SAND

Page 17: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

17

Scour Rate vs Shear Stress

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Shear Stress (N/m2)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Porcelain Clay PI=16%Su=23.3 Kpa

Scour Rate vs Velocity

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Velocity (m/s)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Porcelain Clay PI=16%Su=23.3 Kpa

EROSION FUNCTION FOR A LOW PI CLAY

Page 18: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

POCKET ERODOMETERPET test result = Depth of hole in mm after 20 squirts at 8 m/s

18

$0.49 atWalMart

Page 19: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

BOREHOLE EROSION TEST - BET19

Fluid circulation

Borehole caliper

Page 20: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

BOREHOLE EROSION TEST - BET20

Page 21: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

21

EROSION CLASSIFICATION

Page 22: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

22

EROSION CLASSIFICATION

Page 23: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)
Page 24: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)
Page 25: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

Jean-Louis BRIAUD – Texas A&M University

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Page 26: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

26Jean-Louis BRIAUD

OBSERVATION METHOD FOR BRIDGE SCOUR

• Step 1: Observe maximum scour depth = Zmo• Step 2: Find out the maximum flood the bridge

has been subjected to : Collect gage data, RI from TAMU-OMS, Qmo/Q100, Vmo/V100

• Step 3: Extrapolate field measurements to predict future scour depth

Zfut / Zmo = F (Vfut / Vmo) • Step 4: Compare future scour depth to

foundation depth (pier) Zfut < Zfound / 2

Page 27: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

27Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 1: Observe maximum scour depth = Zmo

Page 28: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

28Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 2: Find out the maximum flood the bridge has been subjected to = Vmo

930 Flow Gages in Texas and neighbor States

Page 29: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

29Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 2: Find out the maximum flood the bridge has been subjected to = Vmo

Maximum RI map between 1970 and 2005

Automated with TAMU-OMS software

Page 30: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

30Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 2: Find out the maximum flood the bridge has been subjected to = Vmo

Maximum RI map between 1920 and 2005

Automated with TAMU-OMSsoftware

Page 31: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

31Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 3: Extrapolates field measurements to predict future depth Zfut

Zfut / Zmo = F (Vfut / Vmo)

•Known = Zmo and Vmo•Choose Vfut•Obtain Zfut from charts•The Z-Future Charts were developed by performing a large number (~350,000) of HEC-18 Clay simulations using varying pier, contraction & abutment scour geometries, varying soil conditions, varying velocities, and varying age of the bridge.

Page 32: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

32Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Category III MaterialsUpstream Water Depth (H1): 5 m to 20 mContraction Ratio (Rc) : 0.5 to 0.9Critical Velocity (Vc) : 0.5 m/sPier Diameter (D) : 0.1m to 1.0 mthyd = 25 years

Vfut/Vmo2.00

Z fut

/Zm

o2.8

1.0

Step 3: Extrapolates field measurements to predict future scour depth Zfut/Zmo = Vfut/Vmo

Page 33: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

33Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Step 4: Compare future scour depth to foundation depth Zfut < Zfound / 2

Page 34: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

34Jean-Louis BRIAUD

• 15 bridges selected (12 scour critical, 3 stable)• 6 scour critical bridges out of the 12 found

stable by the observation method• 3 stable bridges found stable by the

observation method• 6 of 12 bridges originally classified scour

critical were found stable by the observation method

APPLICATION TO SCOUR CRITICAL BRIDGESTexas

Page 35: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

35Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Page 36: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

36Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Page 37: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

37Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Page 38: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

38Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Page 39: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

39Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Page 40: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

40Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Drawbacks

• Requires a good network of flow gages• Cannot be used directly for new bridges• Estimate in filling (USGS and a TxDOT survey

have found that it was rare (10% of the time) and ranged from 2 to 4 ft)

• Not yet developed for layered soil (be careful with thin hard layer over soft layer)

Page 41: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

41Jean-Louis BRIAUD

Advantages

• Valuable tool to prioritize bridge repairs, countermeasure decisions, asset management

• Can serve as an input to FHWA risk approach• Part of the practical design concept• No need for erosion testing• Actual soil• Actual flow history• Actual geometry • Based on observed measurements

Page 42: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

42

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEC 18AND OBSERVATION METHOD

HEC 18

• Flume tests (scale pb?)

• Wrong worst soil (Fine sand)

• Simplified geometry

• Simplified single velocity

OMS

• Full scale

• Right soil

• Exact geometry

• Exact velocity hydrograph

Page 43: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

43

COMPARISON

HEC 18 OMS

Page 44: OBSERVATION METHOD: A NEW TOOL FOR THE ......Scour Rate (mm/hr) Sand D 50 =0.3 mm Scour Rate vs Velocity 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Velocity (m/s)

44

The Million Dollar Stickwith TAMU-OMS

Freecourtesy of TxDOT, MassDOT and TAMU


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Investigation into scour around the proposed Mersey ... · PDF fileInvestigation into scour around the ... 2.3 Clear-water scour and live-bed scour ... and abutments) on the flow and

Documents