Ocean Productivity and Export Flux Data derived from satellite:

Biomass (concentration, type)TemperatureLightWindsEddiesSea Ice

Data requiring modelsMixed layerGrazingSinking and advection of POC/DOC

There is a large list of non-NASA missions for key data types above. Issues are calibration, validation, data availability, tool for using data, integration of data with models, etc.

2

Second generation

Global Imager

Drake Passage: Ice concentration vs Chl-aIce measured by SSM/I-F13 Bootstraps algorithm, Chl: SPGANT using SeaWiFS

Ice concentration is mean for squares 1-3 (next slide), Chl-SPGANT is mean for squares 1-4 (next slide)

3

Second generation

Global Imager

21

3

4

4

Second generation

Global ImagerHigh Resolution AMSR-E 89 GHz Sea Ice http://iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/iuppage/psa/2001/amsrop.html

Daily sea ice maps are provided by a small group at University of Bremen using data from JAXAs AMSR-E sensor on NASA's Aqua Satellite (since May, 2002) . The main problem is data access and usability:NSIDC may have all the best data but it is hard to find.The differences between NASA group and the bootstraps algorithms are confusing•The University of Bremen group provides easy to use HDF data of a single variable: ice concentration. •The NSIDC AMSR-E datasets have 64 (!) different products, including ice concentration but at lower spatial resolution.

5

Second generation

Global Imager

1. Mission Concept of GCOM and SGLI1.1 Mission target

Global Climate Observation Mission (GCOM) GCOM-W (water) satellite series #1~3 (Jan. 2012~, 13 years)

Sensor: AMSR-2 which is a follow-on sensor of AMSR-E on AquaGCOM-C (climate) satellite series #1~3 (early 2014 (TBD) ~, 13

years) Sensor: Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) which is a radiometer of 380-12000nm, 250m-1km resolution, and 1150-1400km swath, as a follow-on mission of ADEOS-II/GLI.

Targets of GCOM-C are followings.Establishment of long-term observation system for the global carbon cycle and radiation budgetIntegrated use with other earth observation systemsContribution to numerical climate models (driving force, outputs comparison, and parameter tuning)Contribution to operational use (weather forecast, monitoring of meteorological disaster, fishery..)Enhancement of new satellite data usability

6

Second generation

Global Imager

GCOM-WWater cycle change observation satellite

Major observation targets of GCOM

Water vapor

Soilmoisture

Precipi-tation

Sea surface

wind

Snow depth

Above-ground

biomass

Land surfaceTemp.

Vegetationproduction

Ocean color

Snow surface

propertiesCloud liquidwater

Cloud properties Sea ice

concentration

Snow Icedistribution Sea

surfaceTemp.

Sea surfaceTemp.

Snow surfaceTemp.

GCOM-C observation targetsRadiation budget Carbon cycle

AtmosphereCloud and aerosol changes and Ratia

tive forcing

CryosphereIce-albedo feedback in global warmi

ng

LandCarbon cycle

and vegetation production

OceanCarbon and

heat pool and coastal

environment

2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.1 mission target and product groups

Land cover

Aerosolproperties

7

Second generation

Global Imager

2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.5 GCOM-C products and SGLI channels

VNR channels IRS channels

Specifications of SGLI, such as center wavelengths, band width, SNR, and dynamic range, are designed in consideration of retrieval algorithms of the observation targets.

Blue Green RedYellow

8

Second generation

Global Imager

SGLI channels

CH Lstd Lmax SNR at Lstd IFOV

VN, P, SW: nmT: m

VN, P: W/m2/sr/m

T: Kelvin

VN, P, SW: -

T: NETm

VN1 380 10 60 210 250 250VN2 412 10 75 250 400 250VN3 443 10 64 400 300 250VN4 490 10 53 120 400 250VN5 530 20 41 350 250 250VN6 565 20 33 90 400 250VN7 670 10 23 62 400 250VN8 670 20 25 210 250 250VN9 763 8 40 350 400 1000

VN10 865 20 8 30 400 250VN11 865 20 30 300 200 250

P1 670 20 25 250 250 1000P2 865 20 30 300 250 1000

SW1 1050 20 57 248 500 1000SW2 1380 20 8 103 150 1000SW3 1640 200 3 50 57 250SW4 2210 50 1.9 20 211(TBD) 1000T1 10.8 0.7 300 340 0.2 500T2 12.0 0.7 300 340 0.2 500

• Targets are carbon cycle and radiation budget relating to the global environmental change.

• SGLI’ll observe aerosols, cloud, vegetation, ocean color, sea/land surface temperature, snow/ice, and so on for more than 13 years.

• The SGLI features are finer spatial resolution (250m (VNI) and 500m (T)) and polarization/along-track slant view channels (P), which will improve land, coastal, and aerosol observations.

GCOM-C SGLI characteristics (baseline of GCOM-C1 BBM design)Orbit (TBD) Sun-synchronous (descending local time: 10:30)

Altitude: 798km, Inclination: 98.6degLaunch Date Jan. 2013 (HII-A)Mission Life 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years)Scan Push-broom electric scan (VNR: VN & P)

Wisk-broom mechanical scan (IRS: SW & T)Scan width 1150km cross track (VNR: VN & P)

1400km cross track (IRS: SW & T)Digitalization 12bitPolarization 3 polarization angles for PAlong track direction

Nadir for VN, SW and T, +45 deg and -45 deg for P

On-board calibration

VN: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp (PD), Lunar by pitch maneuvers, and dark current by masked pixels and nighttime obs.

SW: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp, Lunar, and dark current by deep space window

T: Black body and dark current by deep space window

All: Electric calibration

2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.7 GCOM-C/SGLI design

Visible & Near infrared push-broom Radiometer (VNR)

Polarization (along-track slant) radiometer (P)

shortwave & thermal InfraRed (T) Scanner (IRS)

SGLI : Second generation GLobal Imager

Multi-angle obs. for 670nm and 865nm

9

Second generation

Global Imager

(a) GLI 1km Osaka Bay (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI)

(b) GLI 250m Osaka Bay (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI)

SGLI 250m resolution will enable to detect more fine structure in the coastal area such as river outflow, regional blooms, and small current.

250m Ocean color chlorophyll-a and NDVI simulated using GLI 250m channels

Hiroshi Murakami, Mitsuhiro Toratani and Hajime Fukushima, Satellite ocean color observation with 250 m spatial resolution using ADEOS-II GLI, Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6406-05, Nov. 28, 2006

3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product- 3.4 VNR 250m land and coastal observation- 3.4 VNR 250m land and coastal observation

10

Second generation

Global Imager

Japanese Financial Year Apr~ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Events (launch, evaluations) Project start

System PDR

System CDR C1 launch Data Release

Mission result

evaluationC2 Launch

Research announcement RA#1 RA#2 RA#3Workshop WS#0 WS#1 WS#2 WS#3 WS#4 WS#5 WS#6 WS#7 WS#8 WS#9 WS#10

Product release, version up Ver.1

Ver.2

C-1&2 Ver.3

Algorithm implementPLI-1 (using other satellite data)

PLI-2 (for the operational system)

Ver.1 development

Improvement with product version up

Implement for C2

(=Ver.2.5)

Version-up implement

Algorithm development/ improvement phase

1. Initial development phase

2. Performance development phase

3. Operational algorithm development phase

4. Post-launch development and improvement phaseInitial validation

Sensor development/ calibration phase

1. Design and trial manufacturing

2. Sensor manufacturing & performance tests 3. Initial calibration phase

4. Operational phase

4. GCOM-C Project Timeline- 4.1 GCOM-C algorithm development and validation schedule (TBD)

•Examination of the implementability of new algorithms, and improvement of the existing algorithms

•Develop using other satellite or in-situ observations

•Correspond to the sensor design results.

•Evaluate & improve candidate algorithm performance (theoretical performance + processing stability)

•Obtain in-situ data, develop and validate algorithms, and examine applications

•Pre-launch algorithm implementation-1 (PLI-1) for checking the algorithm theoretical performance and satellite data applicability based on the above results.

•Correspond to the satellite sensor design and performance tests.

•Based on the PLI-1 results, improve the at-launch version of operational codes

•Pre-launch implementation-2 (PLI-2) for checking flow and performance of the real processing

•Intensive verification and improvement for Ver.1 data release as an initial validation phase for about one year after the launch

•Validate and improve (version up) algorithms using SGLI observation data

•Obtain in-situ data required for algorithm development, validation and improvement

•develop and validate research/new algorithms, and develop new usage of the products

BBM EMPFM

TBDTBD

11

Second generation

Global Imager

Japanese Financial Year Apr~ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Events (launch, evaluations) Project start

System PDR

System CDR C1 launch Data Release

Mission result

evaluationC2 Launch

Research announcement RA#1 RA#2 RA#3Workshop WS#0 WS#1 WS#2 WS#3 WS#4 WS#5 WS#6 WS#7 WS#8 WS#9 WS#10

Product release, version up Ver.1

Ver.2

C-1&2 Ver.3

Algorithm implementPLI-1 (using other satellite data)

PLI-2 (for the operational system)

Ver.1 development

Improvement with product version up

Implement for C2

(=Ver.2.5)

Version-up implement

Algorithm development/ improvement phase

1. Initial development phase

2. Performance development phase

3. Operational algorithm development phase

4. Post-launch development and improvement phaseInitial validation

Sensor development/ calibration phase

1. Design and trial manufacturing

2. Sensor manufacturing & performance tests

3. Initial calibration phase

4. Operational phase

4. GCOM-C Project Timeline- 4.2 GCOM-C calibration schedule (TBD)

BBM EMPFM

TBD

•Investigate influence and correction methods of sensor design characteristics

•Reflect the results to the radiometric and geometric sensor models developed in the BBM phase.

•Investigate influence and correction methods of manufactured sensor characteristics in EM and PFM

•Reflect the results to Level-1 algorithm and calibration coefficient tables which are used for the at-launch processing

•Post-launch calibration (1) Radiometric calibration, (2) Sensor characterization and image quality evaluation,

(3) vicarious/cross calibration,

(4) Moon calibration, and (5) geometric calibration•Improve and keep the accuracy of level-1 products by applying the calibration results to the processing algorithm.

•Improve and keep the accuracy of long-term data by continuing (1)~(5) and applying their results to the processing algorithm.

•Reflect sensor characterization and calibration results to the following GCOM-C#.

TBD

Scheduled Ocean-Color Sensors of China, India and Korea

SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITE SCHEDULEDLAUNCH

SWATH(km)

RESOLUTION(m)

# OFBANDS

SPECTRALCOVERAGE

(nm)ORBIT

GOCI KARI/KORDI COMS-1(Korea) June 2009 2500 500 8 400 - 865 Geostationar

y

COCTS CNSA (China) HY-1C or HY-2A 2009?? 1400 1100 10 102-12500 Polar

OCM-2 ISRO (India)

Oceansat-2 (India) Sept 2008 1420 1 - 4 km 8 400 - 900 Polar

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in KOREA

- is scheduled to be launched onboard Communication Ocean & Meteorological Satellite (COMS) in June 2009.

– Detecting short term biophysical phenomena requires highfrequency observation.– Conventional PO satellite hardly observe the ocean colorwith high frequency.– Reducing cloud problem in OC sensor.* The altitude of GEO satellite is 35,786km* Polar sun synchronous orbit : ~780kmCourtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting

Courtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting

GCOI Technical Specification

GCOI Technical Specification

Courtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting

Courtesy of Navalgund (2008) report to 13th IOCCG meeting

India OCEANSAT-2 Launch planned late 2008

18

Second generation

Global Imager

Future Satellite Mission Timelines*

Mark R. DrinkwaterEuropean Space Agency

Earth Observation Programmes

*See last slides for modification record

19

Second generation

Global Imager

                   

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

Ocean Surface Topography

Planned/Pending approval

   

In orbit Approved

   

TOPEX/POSEIDONJason-1

RA-2/Envisat

Medium accuracy (SSH) from high-inclination orbit

High accuracy (SSH) from mid-inclination orbit

CRYOSAT-2/LRMAltiKa/OceanSat-3

ICESATGFO

RA/ERS-2SRAL/GMES S-3A

Alt/HY-2BAlt/HY-2A

OSTM/Jason-3 OSTM/Jason-2

20

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                      

GODAE

Geoid and Salinity Missions

CHAMP

GRACE

SMOS

GOCE

Gravity/Geoid missions (for absolute circulation)

Salinity

In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

AQUARIUS

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

21

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                      

GODAE

Ocean Winds

SSMI/DMSP

In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

SSMI/DMSP

ASCAT/METOP-A,B,C

Seawinds/ADEOS-2

Seawinds/QuikSCAT

WINDSAT

AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua

Vector Wind

Scalar Wind

AMSR2/GCOM-W1

Ku-Scat/Oceansat-2

AMI/ERS

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

Ku-Scat/HY-2A

22

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                      

GODAE

                         

ASAR/Envisat C-band

SAR for Oil pollution, sea ice and sea-state

Planned/Pending approvalIn orbit Approved

PALSAR/ALOS L-band

RADARSAT-3

COSMO-SKYMED X-band

TERRASAR-X X-band

GMES S-1AAMI/ERS

RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

C-, X-band/HY-3

23

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                      

GODAE

                            ASAR/Envisat C-band

Sea Ice (Concentration, Extent, Drift, Thickness)

Planned/Pending approvalIn orbit Approved

MODIS/EOS-Terra

PALSAR/ALOS L-band RADARSAT-3

COSMO-SKYMED X-bandTERRASAR-X X-band

MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua

ICESAT

SMOSWindSat

SRAL/GMES S-3A

GMES S-1AMI/ERS

Drif

tTh

ickn

ess

AMSR2/GCOM-W1

Con

cent

ratio

n

RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band

Seawinds/QuikSCAT

OLS & SSMI/DMSP—AVHRR & AMSU/NOAA

CRYOSAT-2

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

NPOESS C1 VIIRS/NPP

COCTS/HY-1BCOCTS/HY-1ARad/HY-2A

ICESAT-2

24

Second generation

Global Imager

Ice Sheets (Accum, Melt, Dynamics, Thickness; Mass Variability)

Dyn

amic

s/

Mas

s Fl

uxA

ltim

etry

/ G

ravi

tyA

lbed

o/A

ccum

/Mel

t

IPY

                             AMI/ERS ASAR/Envisat C-

band

Seawinds/QuikSCAT

COSMO-SKYMED X band

ICESAT SRAL/GMES S-3ACRYOSAT-2GRACE

GOCE

OLS & SSMI/DMSP—AVHRR & AMSU/NOAAMODIS/EOS-Terra

MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua AMSR/GCOM-W1Ku-Scat/Oceansat-2

ICESAT-2

TERRASAR X band

PALSAR/ALOS L-band

GMES S-1 RADARSAT-3 RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

NPOESS C1 VIIRS/NPP

25

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                             

Sea & Ice Surface Temperature

WINDSAT

MOS/IRS-P3

ADEOS-2

SLST/GMES S-3A

SGLI/GCOM-C1

**Geostationary sats: GOES, MSG contribute - but not shown

CBERS-4 CBERS-3 CBERS-2BOptical

Microwave

NPOESS C1

In orbit Approved

Planned/Pending approval

AATSR/ENVISAT

MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua

ATSR/ERS-2

HY-1B

FY-3A, B,.. (VIRR/MODI)FY-1DFY-1C

AVHRR/METOP-A,B,C am orbit

MODIS/EOS-Terra/10:30

AMSR/GCOM-W1TMI/TRMM

VIIRS/NPP am

AVHRR/NOAA am orbitAVHRR/NOAA pm orbit

GODAE

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

CBERS-2

HY-1

MSMR/Oceansat-1Rad/HY-2A

26

Second generation

Global Imager

IPY

                             

In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

AVHRR/NOAA am orbit

Ocean Colour

 

MODIS/EOS-Aqua

MODIS/EOS-Terra/10:30

MERIS/ENVISAT

ADEOS-2

SeaWiFS/SEASTAR

SGLI/GCOM-C1

OCM-2/Oceansat-2MOS/IRS-P3

PARASOL-POLDER

OCM/IRS-P4/Oceansat-1 COTS/HY-1B

FY-3A, B,.. (VIRR/MODI)FY-1DFY-1C

OLC/GMES S-3A

AVNIR-2/ALOS

GODAE

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

NPOESS C1

COCTS/HY-1

VIIRS/NPP am