Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force - Governance in Indiaindiagovernance.gov.in/files/...odisha_disaster_rapid_action_force.pdf · Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force. ... • Second

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January 2011

Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public GrievancesMinistry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of Indiahttp://indiagovernance.gov.in/

Researched and Documented by

OneWorld Foundation India

Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force

TRANSPARENCY AND

Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

Government of India

Table of Contents BACKGROUND ................................

OBJECTIVE ................................................................

WORKING DESIGN ................................

METHODOLOGY ................................

KEY STAKEHOLDERS ................................

LESSONS LEARNED ................................

APPENDIX A:INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

RANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

Public Grievances and Pensions

Researched and documented by


Disaster Management


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UESTIONNAIRE ................................................................

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Case Study Disaster Management


January 2011

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TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The devastation caused by super cyclone in 1999 brought a paradigm shift in the disaster

management policy in the state of Odisha. As an immediate aftermath, the government decided

to establish Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) to undertak

responsibilities within the state. Over the years, the government has reinforced its commitment

towards pre-disaster preparedness instead of just a post

lives during natural and man

taskforce, known as Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF), to rescue people at the time

of crisis.

The ODRAF was created with a vision to enhance the search & rescue efforts in the state. It was

established in 2000 under the OSDMA but the authoritative command for deployment is

directed through the Inspector General of Police (Law & Order) because the personnel are part

of the Odisha State Armed Police (OSAP) and Armed Reserve Police (ARP) of District Police.

To ensure proper response to emergency situations, ODRAF has adopted following strategies:

• Designed a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) to inform personnel on how to

function in various situations.

• Trained the personnel in basic first aid, on using self

rescuing people from heights, operating boats and also in maintaining some basic

equipment like chain saw and inflatable tower light.

• Continuous procurement of latest equipment based on feedback by their personnel. The

units have been provided with rescue equipment and also communication devices such

as telephone, fax, VHF and mobile phones. Efforts are being made to set up HAM

Radio Stations.

The ODRAF focuses on coordination with stakeholders at various levels of ad

the state and also has an interface mechanism with national level disaster management

authorities to improve operational efficiency.

In almost a decade of its existence, the ODRAF has been cited in the media for its effort in

assisting people during natural and man

1 In an emergency, HAM radio or Amatuer radio is used by OSDMA to communicate with the people in affected

areas. There are 21 HAM radio stations run by volunteers in Orissa.






Disaster Management


UMMARY



to establish Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) to undertak


disaster preparedness instead of just a post-disaster relief work. To prevent loss of

lives during natural and man-made disasters the government has formed a



000 under the OSDMA but the authoritative command for deployment is




Designed a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) to inform personnel on how to

function in various situations.

Trained the personnel in basic first aid, on using self contained breathing apparatus, on


equipment like chain saw and inflatable tower light.

Continuous procurement of latest equipment based on feedback by their personnel. The


as telephone, fax, VHF and mobile phones. Efforts are being made to set up HAM

The ODRAF focuses on coordination with stakeholders at various levels of ad


authorities to improve operational efficiency.


ople during natural and man-made disasters. The ODRAF team is identified with

In an emergency, HAM radio or Amatuer radio is used by OSDMA to communicate with the people in affected

areas. There are 21 HAM radio stations run by volunteers in Orissa.

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to establish Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) to undertake post-disaster


disaster relief work. To prevent loss of

e government has formed a specialised



000 under the OSDMA but the authoritative command for deployment is




Designed a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) to inform personnel on how to

contained breathing apparatus, on


Continuous procurement of latest equipment based on feedback by their personnel. The


as telephone, fax, VHF and mobile phones. Efforts are being made to set up HAM1

The ODRAF focuses on coordination with stakeholders at various levels of administration in



made disasters. The ODRAF team is identified with

In an emergency, HAM radio or Amatuer radio is used by OSDMA to communicate with the people in affected

TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

every search & rescue operation in the state. More recently, they were also deployed to rescue

people from inaccessible areas during cholera outbreak.

BACKGROUND

Odisha, on the east coast of India, is highly prone to natural disasters due to its proximity to the

Bay of Bengal. The annual cyclonic disturbances are known to cause heavy rains and floods in

the state. The massive destruction due to super cyclone in October 1999 expo

of the civic authorities in responding to crisis situation during disasters. Even at national level,

India did not have a committed agency to guide the state on relief and reconstruction activities.

Therefore, as an aftermath, the Odish

Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) in December 1999. Till 2008, the OSDMA was

known as Odisha Disaster Mitigation Authority.

the OSDMA created a highly specialised task force known as the Odisha Disaster Rapid Action

Force (ODRAF). The ODRAF was initially envisaged in 2000 but it became functional only in

2002. ODRAF units operate under the authority of OSDMA but the personnel for the force are

selected from the Orissa State Armed Police (OSAP) Battalions and the Armed Police Reserve

of District Police.

At present there are total of 10 ODRAF units which were established in 3 phases:

• In the first phase three units were formed from the OSAP at Cuttack

and Koraput.

• Second Phase included Balasore and Chatrapur

OSDMA

CAPACITY

BUILDING

SEARCH &

RESCUE

ODRAF






Disaster Management



people from inaccessible areas during cholera outbreak.

east coast of India, is highly prone to natural disasters due to its proximity to the


the state. The massive destruction due to super cyclone in October 1999 expo



Therefore, as an aftermath, the Odisha government envisioned creation of Odisha State


known as Odisha Disaster Mitigation Authority.

The OSDMA is responsible for the overall

disaster management in the state. Its

objective is not only to minimize the impact

of natural/man-made disaster but also to

coordinate relief, reconstruction, restoration

efforts. As part of the responsib

is mainly involved in capacity building of

local administration and community for

disaster preparedness; search & rescue

operations; and reconstruction efforts after

disaster.

As part of the Search & Rescue operations,

hly specialised task force known as the Odisha Disaster Rapid Action



ted from the Orissa State Armed Police (OSAP) Battalions and the Armed Police Reserve


In the first phase three units were formed from the OSAP at Cuttack

Second Phase included Balasore and Chatrapur

RECONSTR

UCTION

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east coast of India, is highly prone to natural disasters due to its proximity to the


the state. The massive destruction due to super cyclone in October 1999 exposed the limitations



a government envisioned creation of Odisha State


The OSDMA is responsible for the overall

disaster management in the state. Its

objective is not only to minimize the impact

made disaster but also to

coordinate relief, reconstruction, restoration

efforts. As part of the responsibility, OSDMA

is mainly involved in capacity building of

local administration and community for

disaster preparedness; search & rescue

operations; and reconstruction efforts after

As part of the Search & Rescue operations,

hly specialised task force known as the Odisha Disaster Rapid Action



ted from the Orissa State Armed Police (OSAP) Battalions and the Armed Police Reserve


In the first phase three units were formed from the OSAP at Cuttack, Jharsuguda

TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

• In the third phase, from 2009

Bhubaneswar, Paradeep, Bolangir, Rourkela & Baripada.

The ODRAF has been continuously lauded for its rescue operations during crisis situations. In

September 2010, during Cholera outbreak in

ODRAF was sent for search and rescue operations in inaccessible areas

task force was involved in:

• Flood situations in 2008 where the teams successfully rescued more than 5000 people.

• Rescue operations during train accident in Jajpur Road and Mahanandi Bridge in

February 2009.

• Clearing roads at night

March 31, 2009.

OBJECTIVE The ODRAF was created with a vision to mitigate the impact of natural and man

disasters in the state. Its primary objective is to change the focus of disaster mana

post-disaster response to a pre

search and rescue force during floods, building/road accidents, communal riots etc.

WORKING DESIGN Prior to the creation of the ODRAF, the post

disaster search & rescue operations were

jointly carried out by Special Relief

Commissioner, State Fire Services and State

Port Organization. Involvement of three

separate agencies, coupled with the

bureaucratic procedure and lack of proper

equipments, made the rescue operations a

complicated task. As a result, while creating

the ODRAF, the OSDMA has adopted

strategies that simplifies the channel of

communication and ensures coordination

among various stakeholders. The focus is on

following a Standard Operation Procedure

(SOP), providing need-based training






Disaster Management


In the third phase, from 2009-2010, the ODRAF units were set up in

Bhubaneswar, Paradeep, Bolangir, Rourkela & Baripada.


September 2010, during Cholera outbreak in Koraput-Balangir-Kalahandi districts

ODRAF was sent for search and rescue operations in inaccessible areas. Apart from this, the

Flood situations in 2008 where the teams successfully rescued more than 5000 people.

Rescue operations during train accident in Jajpur Road and Mahanandi Bridge in

Clearing roads at night in the immediate aftermath Rajkanika block of Kendrapara on

The ODRAF was created with a vision to mitigate the impact of natural and man

disasters in the state. Its primary objective is to change the focus of disaster mana

disaster response to a pre-disaster preparedness. The ODRAF functions as an exclusive


Prior to the creation of the ODRAF, the post

disaster search & rescue operations were

jointly carried out by Special Relief

Commissioner, State Fire Services and State

Port Organization. Involvement of three

separate agencies, coupled with the

procedure and lack of proper

equipments, made the rescue operations a

complicated task. As a result, while creating

the ODRAF, the OSDMA has adopted

strategies that simplifies the channel of

communication and ensures coordination

s. The focus is on

following a Standard Operation Procedure

based training

FIG 2: Locations of ODRAF

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2010, the ODRAF units were set up in


Kalahandi districts, a team from

. Apart from this, the

Flood situations in 2008 where the teams successfully rescued more than 5000 people.

Rescue operations during train accident in Jajpur Road and Mahanandi Bridge in

in the immediate aftermath Rajkanika block of Kendrapara on

The ODRAF was created with a vision to mitigate the impact of natural and man-made

disasters in the state. Its primary objective is to change the focus of disaster management from a

disaster preparedness. The ODRAF functions as an exclusive


ODRAF units in Odisha

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Government of India

programs to rescue workers and procuring appropriate equipments to make the disaster

response more efficient.

The ODRAF units are strategically located throug

identified on the basis of disaster vulnerability of the district. The key concern is to be able to

respond to emergency situation within the golden time period of 30

units do not have any geographical/territorial restrictions in terms of area of operation. During

an emergency scenario, the SOP is followed under which the Special Relief Commissioner and

Managing Director, OSDMA is responsible to position the ODRAF personnel at various

locations. However, since the ODRAF personnel are part of the state police force the OSDMA

has to inform the Inspector General of Police (Law & Order) regarding deployment. The

commandant of the ODRAF unit is directed to respond to the crisis within 1 hour of rece

the instruction from IGP.

After each operation the ODRAF units involved in rescue operations are expected to submit

After Action Report (AAR) where the details regarding duration of the rescue operation,

challenges faced during the disaster response

provided. This AAR is then used as a reference for enhancing the organization’s preparedness,

as the feedback on equipment helps OSDMA in identifying requirements for new equipments.

A committee is formed to decide o

going process where there is no limit on number of equipments that can be acquired.

At present, each unit has 92 different types of equipments to handle operations like Water

Rescue, Relief Line Clearance, Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue, Transportation,

Communication, Personal Protective Equipment and Logistics.

be adequately equipped for operations because, during disaster, they are expected to function

independent of the support from the local administration.

The training for ODRAF is considered crucial in achieving the objectives of the organization.

Apart from the daily fitness routine for all personnel, a skill matrix is developed by the

OSDMA to assess skills and competencies at the individual level. On Skill Matrix, every

individual is rated on a scale of 0 to 3 where

0 – No exposure

1 – Exposure

2 – Can undertake the task in guidance with someone

3 – Expert

These ratings are then used to identify the






Disaster Management



The ODRAF units are strategically located throughout Odisha. Locations of the units are


respond to emergency situation within the golden time period of 30 – 45 minutes. The ODRAF

graphical/territorial restrictions in terms of area of operation. During



. However, since the ODRAF personnel are part of the state police force the OSDMA


commandant of the ODRAF unit is directed to respond to the crisis within 1 hour of rece



challenges faced during the disaster response, and feedback on the equipment used is



A committee is formed to decide on whether to procure the new equipments or not. It is on



arance, Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue, Transportation,

Communication, Personal Protective Equipment and Logistics. It is important for each unit to


ndent of the support from the local administration.



ills and competencies at the individual level. On Skill Matrix, every

individual is rated on a scale of 0 to 3 where

Can undertake the task in guidance with someone

These ratings are then used to identify the skills of the personnel in following seven areas:

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hout Odisha. Locations of the units are


45 minutes. The ODRAF

graphical/territorial restrictions in terms of area of operation. During



. However, since the ODRAF personnel are part of the state police force the OSDMA


commandant of the ODRAF unit is directed to respond to the crisis within 1 hour of receiving



, and feedback on the equipment used is



n whether to procure the new equipments or not. It is on-



arance, Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue, Transportation,

It is important for each unit to




ills and competencies at the individual level. On Skill Matrix, every

skills of the personnel in following seven areas:

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Government of India

ODRAF also undertakes mock drills from time to time to ensure the disaster response

preparedness. The training programs are usually conducted in the beginning of the year as

April- November is considered the emergency season. As per the SOP, the ODRAF equi

and personnel need to be ready during the emergency season and all the rescue equipments are

to be checked thoroughly checked/maintained by the Annual Maintenance Contract holder.

Operational Tasks

Water Rescue

Relief Line Clearance

Collapsed structure search

and rescue

Transportation

Communication

Casualty

Miscellaneous Equipment






Disaster Management




November is considered the emergency season. As per the SOP, the ODRAF equi



Operational Tasks Skills Required

Swimming and Survival Skill,

Preparation of improvised floating aid

and rafts, Operation of Boat with OBM,

Underwater Diving, Deep Water Search

Clearance

Operation of Chain Saw, HYD Combitol,

Cutter, Spreader, Ram Jack, Ton Crane,

Recovery Van

Collapsed structure search

Operation of concrete cutter, RCC cutter,

power shore unit, Rescue tools

equipment accessories, generator sets,

mountaineering equipment, Rope and

Ladder, B.A. Set, Fire fighting

Driving Truck, Troop Carrier,

Ambulance, Fork lift, Tractor and Trallor,

Valid Driving License

Using Walkie Talkies, VHF, HAM Radio,

Satellite

First Aid, Medical First Responder Kit

Miscellaneous Equipment

125 KVA Generator, Sub Mersible Pump,

Flexitent, Inflatable Tower Light,

Emergency Light

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November is considered the emergency season. As per the SOP, the ODRAF equipment



Swimming and Survival Skill,

Preparation of improvised floating aid

and rafts, Operation of Boat with OBM,

Underwater Diving, Deep Water Search

Operation of Chain Saw, HYD Combitol,

Cutter, Spreader, Ram Jack, Ton Crane,

Operation of concrete cutter, RCC cutter,

power shore unit, Rescue tools

equipment accessories, generator sets,

aineering equipment, Rope and

Driving Truck, Troop Carrier,

Ambulance, Fork lift, Tractor and Trallor,

Using Walkie Talkies, VHF, HAM Radio,

Medical First Responder Kit

125 KVA Generator, Sub Mersible Pump,

Flexitent, Inflatable Tower Light,

TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

The training programs are designed in

the need. So far, trainings have been held at National Institute of Disaster Management (Delhi),

National Industrial Security Academy, Sea Explorer’s Institute and Atal Bihai Vajpayee

Mountaineering Institute.

METHODOLOGY

For the purposes of this best practice documentation, the OneWorld Foundation Team

interviewed General Manager (Mechanical), Mr. Dhaneswar Sahoo and Assistant

Commandant, Mr. Prasanta K Nayak at Odisha State Disaster Management Authority,

Bhubaneswar. In addition, desk research was carried out through publications available on

OSDMA website and Odisha’s Disaster and Revenue Department website.

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

ODRAF is a state agency which functions under OSDMA, however, the personnel for the staff

are from the state police force. The key stakeholders and their roles are as follows:

1. Odisha State Disaster Management Authority

Managing Director, OSDMA.

2. Odisha State Armed Police

Police. The units are formed from the various battalions stationed across the state.

3. Armed Police Reserve of District Police

from Armed Police Reserve and the unit is supervised by Superintendent

Balasore.

LESSONS LEARNED

Over the years, the ODRAF has established itself as a specialised team for search and rescue in

the state. It has played an important role during floods, train mishaps and road accidents.

Newspaper articles indicate that the ODRAF has become equivalent to search & rescue in the

state of Odisha. The reason for success of the ODRAF can be attributed to the highly specialised

function envisioned for the force.

Prior to the ODRAF, there was no specialized agency or dedic

operations and this made the formation of the ODRAF challenging. There was no guidance

available for creating a specialised task force. Initially, the team from the OSDMA traveled to






Disaster Management


The training programs are designed in-house or are held at national institutions depending on






ddition, desk research was carried out through publications available on



rom the state police force. The key stakeholders and their roles are as follows:

Odisha State Disaster Management Authority: Overall supervision of ODRAF is under

Managing Director, OSDMA.

Odisha State Armed Police: Personnel for ODRAF are identified fro


Armed Police Reserve of District Police: The ODRAF unit at Balasore has personnel

from Armed Police Reserve and the unit is supervised by Superintendent



that the ODRAF has become equivalent to search & rescue in the


function envisioned for the force.

Prior to the ODRAF, there was no specialized agency or dedicated force for post disaster



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nstitutions depending on






ddition, desk research was carried out through publications available on



rom the state police force. The key stakeholders and their roles are as follows:

: Overall supervision of ODRAF is under

: Personnel for ODRAF are identified from the State Armed


: The ODRAF unit at Balasore has personnel

from Armed Police Reserve and the unit is supervised by Superintendent of Police



that the ODRAF has become equivalent to search & rescue in the


ated force for post disaster



TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

states of Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat to unde

the personnel were selected from the police force, the implementation challenges were

essentially regarding identifying proper equipment and training programs for the ODRAF.

The OSDMA has decided to follow a continuous learning approach to improve the

performance of ODRAF personnel. The After Action Report gives every ODRAF unit the

opportunity to participate in the process of the enhancing the capacity of the entire force. Th

report not only provides the feedback on rescue operations but also offers suggestions on the

equipment required in similar operations in future. These submissions are seriously

considered by the OSDMA to ensure availability of appropriate equipments.

The efficient and timely response of the ODRAF operations is also critical to the overall

performance. The flow of command during the emergency is kept simple and direct with the

freedom to use various modes of communications to pass the information to the

absence of bureaucratic approval mechanism ensures immediate deployment of troops within

the stipulated 1 hour window. There are only

three officials responsible for deploying troops:

the MD of OSDMA, the IG (Law & Order) and

Commandant of the ODRAF unit.

At present, the exemplary performance of the

ODRAF and high expectations from citizens has

encouraged government to further strengthen

capacity of the personnel. A “Familiarisation

Programme” is introduced by the government

under which ODRAF personnel visi

prone areas to familiarize themselves with the

surroundings so that in case of crisis they are

aware of the territory.

The creation of the ODRAF is pioneering effort by a state government in India. The National

Disaster Management Authority has

follows a similar organizational structure.

Research was carried out by the OneWorld Foundation, Go

Documentation was created by Research Associate,

For further information, please contact






Disaster Management


states of Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat to understand their disaster management program. Since





opportunity to participate in the process of the enhancing the capacity of the entire force. Th






freedom to use various modes of communications to pass the information to the


the stipulated 1 hour window. There are only

three officials responsible for deploying troops:

the MD of OSDMA, the IG (Law & Order) and

f the ODRAF unit.

At present, the exemplary performance of the

ODRAF and high expectations from citizens has

encouraged government to further strengthen

capacity of the personnel. A “Familiarisation

Programme” is introduced by the government

under which ODRAF personnel visit disaster

prone areas to familiarize themselves with the

surroundings so that in case of crisis they are


Disaster Management Authority has also created a National Disaster Response Force, which

follows a similar organizational structure.

Research was carried out by the OneWorld Foundation, Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC)

Documentation was created by Research Associate, Aryamala Prasad

r information, please contact Naimur Rahman, Director, OWFI at [email protected]

SRC & MD,

OSDMA

Fig 3: Communication flow during

emergency

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rstand their disaster management program. Since





opportunity to participate in the process of the enhancing the capacity of the entire force. The






freedom to use various modes of communications to pass the information to the next level. The



also created a National Disaster Response Force, which

vernance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.

[email protected]

IG (LAW &

ORDER)

COMMANDANT,

ODRAF

DEPLOYMENT OF

RESCUE WORKERS

ig 3: Communication flow during

TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

APPENDIX A:INTERVIEW

1. What was the main motivation behind creating a state level Disaster Rapid Action

Force?

2. Who are the key stakeholders in the project and what their respective roles?

3. Can you please describe the major challenges in pursuing such a large scale and brand

new initiative? For example, in terms of recruiting/training personnel, identifying RAF

unit locations etc.?

4. How has the creation of Disaster Rapid Action Force helped the government in

responding to crisis/natural disasters in Odisha? Can you provide us

end?

5. How was rescue and relief carried out prior to the creation of ODRAF? Who were the

key actors and what was the basic procedure?

6. How does ODRAF unit operate in crisis? How is the procedure effective? For example,

are responsibilities divided along geographical lines for timely response? How is this

different than the procedure followed before?

7. There seems to be a lot of focus on providing training to the personnel. How were these

training programmes designed and decided upon? And

undergo training?

a. Could you please elaborate on Skills Matrix methodology used for assessment of

ODRAF personnel?

8. In terms of relief efforts, what changes have been brought about by the creation of an

exclusive rescue force? For example are efforts more synchronized among various levels

of administration?

9. The rapid action force was created with a vision of improving

of the government. How successful has it been in achieving its objective? Could you

give us some examples?






Disaster Management


NTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE What was the main motivation behind creating a state level Disaster Rapid Action

Who are the key stakeholders in the project and what their respective roles?

Can you please describe the major challenges in pursuing such a large scale and brand

ew initiative? For example, in terms of recruiting/training personnel, identifying RAF

How has the creation of Disaster Rapid Action Force helped the government in

responding to crisis/natural disasters in Odisha? Can you provide us

How was rescue and relief carried out prior to the creation of ODRAF? Who were the

key actors and what was the basic procedure?

How does ODRAF unit operate in crisis? How is the procedure effective? For example,

es divided along geographical lines for timely response? How is this

different than the procedure followed before?

There seems to be a lot of focus on providing training to the personnel. How were these

training programmes designed and decided upon? And how often do the personnel

Could you please elaborate on Skills Matrix methodology used for assessment of

ODRAF personnel?

In terms of relief efforts, what changes have been brought about by the creation of an


The rapid action force was created with a vision of improving pre-


give us some examples?

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January 2011

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What was the main motivation behind creating a state level Disaster Rapid Action

Who are the key stakeholders in the project and what their respective roles?

Can you please describe the major challenges in pursuing such a large scale and brand

ew initiative? For example, in terms of recruiting/training personnel, identifying RAF

How has the creation of Disaster Rapid Action Force helped the government in

responding to crisis/natural disasters in Odisha? Can you provide us with data to this

How was rescue and relief carried out prior to the creation of ODRAF? Who were the

How does ODRAF unit operate in crisis? How is the procedure effective? For example,

es divided along geographical lines for timely response? How is this

There seems to be a lot of focus on providing training to the personnel. How were these

how often do the personnel

Could you please elaborate on Skills Matrix methodology used for assessment of

In terms of relief efforts, what changes have been brought about by the creation of an


-disaster preparedness


TRANSPARENCY AND



Government of India

10. Flood and cyclones have become a common occurrence in Odisha. Has the ODRAF been

able to control the damage caused by th

a. Is there any monitoring mechanism followed by the government to understand

the benefits of ODRAF?






Disaster Management


Flood and cyclones have become a common occurrence in Odisha. Has the ODRAF been

able to control the damage caused by these natural disasters?

Is there any monitoring mechanism followed by the government to understand

the benefits of ODRAF?

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Flood and cyclones have become a common occurrence in Odisha. Has the ODRAF been

Is there any monitoring mechanism followed by the government to understand

Documents

Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force - Governance in Indiaindiagovernance.gov.in/files/...odisha_disaster_rapid_action_force.pdf · Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force. ... • Second