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Larry Schuette
Acting Director of Research
ONR Code 03R
26 April 2013
Office of Naval Research
Current and Future Directions
The Office of Naval Research
The Office of Naval Research invests in innovative operational concepts to develop the science and technology (S&T) that ensures our
warfighters always have the technological edge.
ONR Mission ― “to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research in recognition
of its paramount importance to future Naval power and national security.” - Public Law 588 of 1946 Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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88 years of Naval Research
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Naval Science and Technology
Leap Ahead Innovations Discovery & Invention Acquisition Enablers Quick Reaction
Long
Br
oa
d
Na
rr
ow
Fo
cu
s
Time Frame
Near
Discovery & Invention (Basic and Applied
Science)
Acquisition Enablers
(FNCs, etc)
≈30%
Quick Reaction & Other S&T
Leap Ahead Innovations (Innovative Naval
Prototypes)
Focus Areas:
• Assure Access to Maritime Battlespace
• Autonomy & Unmanned Systems
• Expeditionary & Irregular Warfare
• Information Dominance
• Platform Design & Survivability
• Power & Energy
• Strike & Integrated Defense
• Total Ownership Cost
• Warfighter Performance
Science, Technology, Engineering & Math (STEM)
≈45% ≈12%
≈ 8%
1-2 yrs 3-5 yrs 5-7 yrs 5-20 yrs
Fleet Driven Material Solutions
Evolutionary POR component improvements
Disruptive Technologies
Fundamental Science focused on naval problems
“…plan, foster, and encourage scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance as related to the maintenance of future of naval power, and the preservation of national security…” (Public Law 588, 1946)
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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National Naval Responsibility (NNR)
Established by ONR to ensure areas of Naval importance have steady research investment and a trained S&T workforce for
basic research
Enhancing the recruitment, training, and retention of researchers through research awards for graduate, post-docs, and
early career faculty
--APPROVED--
Undersea Medicine Focus Areas include Non-recompressive treatment for
decompression sickness (DCS), arterial gas embolism; Accelerated decompression;
mechanisms of DCS
Payoffs: Extended warfighter reach; Freedom of action (in water column, in thermal extremes
& in contaminated water); Optimized submariner & diver performance
Ocean Acoustics Investments in Shallow Water Acoustics; High Frequency Acoustics;
and Long Range/Low Frequency Propagation
Naval Payoffs: Improved Shallow-water ASW, Wide-Area Surveillance, & SSBN security;
Rapid environmental assessment
Undersea Weapons Focus on Multidisciplinary Systems Design; Guidance & Control; Undersea Warheads;
Counterweapons & Countermeasures; and Super-cavitating Weapons
Naval Payoffs: Improved Guidance and Control capabilities for littoral environment; improved PK & PCK;
increased weapons load-out
Naval Engineering Conducts major field experiments that integrate various technologies
innovative ship concepts
Naval Payoffs: Improved ship design tools, analytics for platform affordability
Sea-based Aviation: Focus on multidisciplinary systems design; autonomous G&C for TO/landing;
shipboard-suitable structures and materials; innovative aircraft concepts
Navy Payoffs: Matching other technology advancements for integration into revolutionary
naval aviation systems. continued Navy/Marine Corps leadership in unique capability / mission areas;
Reduced development cost and risk
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National Naval Responsibility (NNR) --PROPOSED--
Precision Time and Timekeeping (PTT)
• ONR funding for basic research in atomic clocks has led to significant advances in PTT
• The DoD Master Clock is a Critical National Defense Technology (MCTL Section 16)
Impact to Navy:
• The Navy has been the principal developer of advanced atomic clock technologies for DoD
applications
• The USNO provides global dissemination of PTT required for precise navigation
Cs Fountain Clock
Electro-Magnetic Communications Across the Ocean-Air Interface
• The blue-green electro-magnetic spectrum enables undersea communications and surveillance,
vital to underwater distributed sensing networks
• Blue-Green EO can penetrate the air-sea interface, transforming submarines from an intermittent
node (periscope depth) to a persistent cooperative node (networked at speed and depth)
Impact to Navy:
• Strategic and tactical communications from air & space platforms to submarines operating
at speed & depth;high bit-rate comms, even in noisy environments
• GBS-like (Global Broadcast Satellite) capability without raising a mast; increased OPSEC
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TRANSITIONS
PEOPLE
Develop Naval-relevant
fundamental knowledge
• Expand the boundaries in
traditional Naval interest research
areas
• Examine new research directions
for future Naval needs
• Encourage risk-taking to seek
scientific breakthroughs
KNOWLEDGE
Provide the basis for future
Navy and Marine Corps systems
• Ensure research relevancy
to Naval S&T strategy
• Transition promising Basic
Research to applications
• Use knowledge (even failures) to
reduce risk in acquisition
Maintain the health of the
Defense Scientist and
Engineer workforce
Develop and nurture future generation
of DoD researchers and engineers
Ensure continued U.S. advantage in
intellectual capital
Maintain unique/essential research
infrastructure
Discovery & Invention Vision
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NSF and ONR Basic Research Budget Histories 1951 – 2012
NSF Funds 1951-2008
ONR Funds 1962-2012
ONR/NSF 6.1 CONSTANT FY12 $M
2012
8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
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ys C4
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Pwr&
Enr
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Sen
s&Eltr
WP&P
Wea
pons
STE
M, e
tc
URI
ILIR
DRS
D&I FY2010 Basic Research Programs by Research Areas ($M)
9
ONR FY12 Basic Research (6.1) Spending Authority
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Defense Research Sciences (ONR Core, NRL, Navy Warfare Centers)—Primarily investments in basic research that will increase fundamental knowledge, foster opportunities for breakthroughs, and provide technology options for future Naval capabilities and systems. A portion goes to S&E education, career development, and outreach University Research Initiatives (URI)—Wide-ranging university research efforts (MURI); university research equipment support (DURIP), and national recognition of exceptionally talented young scientists and engineers (PECASE) In-House Lab Independent Research (ILIR)—ONR-sponsored research of particular interest to individual naval labs & warfare centers
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ONR FY12 Applied Research (6.2) Spending Authority
Applied Research Areas
•Mine and Expeditionary Warfare Applied Research
•Warfighter Sustainment Applied Research
•Power Projection Applied Research
•RF Systems Applied Research
•Undersea Warfare Applied Research
•Ocean Warfighting Environment Applied Research
•Force Protection Applied Research
•Common Picture Applied Research
University Research Initiatives
Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP)
supports university research infrastructure essential to high-quality Navy-relevant research
• Proposals may request $50,000 to $1,000,000
• Funds will be used for the acquisition of major equipment to augment current or develop new research capabilities
– Over 270 proposals were submitted for FY2011
– Approximately 60 proposals totaling $15.5M were funded
– Awards in place by June 2011
Dr. Peter Traykovski, Woods Hole Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter
Louisiana Mud Shelf Study
Dr. Hyian Wang, Texas A&M Pulsed Laser Deposition on Thin
Films
Dr. Mathew Alford University of Washington, APL
Instrumentation for Internal Waves
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University Research Initiatives
Gas detectionGas detection
Pollutant gases
Acquisition
Data processing
Generation signal Identification
Sensors
Pre-processing Pattern
Recognition
Olfactory bulb BrainSmell
Gas detectionGas detection
Pollutant gases
Acquisition
Data processing
Generation signal Identification
Sensors
Pre-processing Pattern
Recognition
Olfactory bulb BrainSmell
BIO-BASED OLFACTORY PROCESSING MURI: UCSD/Cal. Tech./U. Pittsburgh
Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
• Multiple institutions investigating high priority topics
• Stimulate innovations
• Accelerate research progress
• Expedite transition of results into naval applications
• Twelve MURI grants were initiated in FY2010.
• For FY2011, proposals were solicited in research areas
determined by OASD (R&E) Director of Basic Science.
t = 0 ms t = 0.1 ms
t = 0.5 ms t = 2.0 ms
MATERIALS APPROACH to FORCE PROTECTION MURI: UVA/Harvard
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) MURI: University of Texas at Austin
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Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)
• The PECASE award recognizes and honors outstanding scientists and
engineers at the outset of their independent research careers.
• In FY2011, 5 ONR researchers were nominated for their work in the following
areas:
• Mathematics
• Health Sciences
• Electronics
• Optics
• Ocean Circulation
University Research Initiatives
Prof. Martin Zwierlein, Massachusetts Institute o f Technology (PECASE 2010) Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases in Two Dimensions
Prof. Eric Pop, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (PECASE 2010) Reprogrammable Carbon Electronics
Prof. Andrea Armani, University of Southern California (PECASE 2010) Interferometric Optical Biosensors
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Graphene
GRAPHANE (Single-layer 2D Hydro-Carbon)
Graphane, a chemical derivative of Graphene
• Formed by attaching a hydrogen atom to each of
the carbon atoms in the original graphene sheet
• Hydrogen alternates between above and below the sheet
Graphene and Graphane have drastically different electronic properties
• Graphene is the best conductor known to man
(at room temperature)
• Graphane is an electrical insulator
Graphene-Graphane reaction is entirely reversible
ONR Researchers, Geim & Novoselov, Awarded 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics
New ways of constructing 2D electron devices and circuits
GRAPHENE (Single-layer 2D Carbon)
• ONR first in US to fund basic research; initial work general in nature, e.g. entire circuit perspective
• ONR & AFOSR work closely via the MURI process • DARPA exploring RF applications
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ONR research support produced:
Three Nobel Prizes (1997, 2001, & 2005)
Four ONR Nobel Laureates
Two orders of magnitude improvement in Naval Observatory
primary clock
Precision Time & Timekeeping
Precision Time and Timekeeping (PTT):
ONR funding for basic research in atomic clocks
has led to significant advances in PTT.
The US Naval Observatory (USNO) maintains the DoD
Master Clock with 60 Cs (Cesium-133) atomic clocks, 20
Hydrogen maser clocks, and two Cesium Fountain
atomic clocks.
The DoD Master Clock is a Critical National Defense
Technology (MCTL Section 16).
Ball of Laser-Cooled Atoms
1997
Phillips
2001
Kettlerly Wieman
2005
Hall
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Wide Bandgap Semiconductors
E-2D Nulka
ONR research produced wide bandgap semiconductors
which:
Led to compact, high power RF amplifiers for E-2D
Is enabling development for high frequency, power
amplifiers for Nulka and SEWIP
GaN & SiC Components—
•ONR funded basice research on Si &
GaN components led to the
development of the wide bandgap
semiconductors.
•Breakthrough technology necessary
to meet performance parameters
within the space and weight
constraints of the E-2D surveillance
system design specification.
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ONR Research has
Identified a strain of bacteria that yields 8X the power of the
original strain.
Showed that bacterial ‘nanowire’ structures conduct
electricity in biofilms.
Developed MFC design that allows sustained operation in air,
even with bacteria that can’t tolerate air.
Developed strategies for evaluating which bacterial genes
are important for electricity production.
Gained understanding of electron transfer reactions at the
cathode which will allow optimization of MFC.
MFC now operable in air for extended periods
Fundamental knowledge of microbial physiology
enables improved power and efficiency
MFC is non-hazardous (no H2 gas, no explosive
reactants)
Geobacter bacteria produce protein-based ‘nanowires’
which conduct electricity
MFCs generate small amounts of electricity and are useful for
powering undersea sensors and other small devices.
Microbial Fuel Cell
Time Magazine named MFC one of the Top 50
Inventions of 2009
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Acoustic Metamaterials
Proposed Multicomponent
Cylindrical Composite
S&T Products (Warfighter Payoff):
• Large-scale rapid 3D fabrication tools
• Acoustic hyperlens for underwater detection
• Next-generation acoustic vector sensors
• Advanced noise/vibration reduction
• Active and passive acoustic stealth coatings
High-speed, high precision 3D fabrication system for phononic crystal (top) and pentamode materials (bottom)
Acoustic Simulation
of Composite
Basic Research Objective:
• Design engineered elasto-acoustic materials
exhibiting anisotropic density and stiffness
• Develop phononic crystal and resonator systems
with tunable bandgaps exhibiting negative refractive
properties
Technical Approach:
• Hybrid materials with effective negative density and
bulk modulus
• Composites of pentamode and orthotropic bimodal
materials
• Physics of multiple scattering induced anisotropy in
the homogenization limit (λ > 4a)
• Three-dimensional lithographic, modeling, &
simulation tools
• ONR is uniquely supporting work on acoustic
metamaterials for underwater environments
• AFRL has an applied research program focused on
identifying near-term applications of metamaterials
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In the Western Pacific, improvement of typhoon intensity
forecasts is the #1 METOC requirement
2003-2004:
Confirmed coefficient of drag drop at high winds
Demonstrated need to include waves in coupling physics
Developed new class of air deployable sensors
to observe upper ocean in high wind conditions
TCS-08 Field Program (2008):
Observed storm formation in WestPac
Characterized storm interaction with ocean eddy field
New technology to observe development of
convection
ITOP 2010 Field Program will:
Examine cold wake evolution and decay for ASW
Investigate interaction of storm, wake, and eddy fields
Field new sensors for tropical cyclone conditions
6.2 Transition: Enhance the Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Model for Operational Evaluation
Joint 6.2/6.4 Rapid Transition Program: Collaborate with operational centers to transition research model
to full operational status in 3 years for all typhoon, cyclone, and hurricane forecasts for global Fleet support
2009-2012
2004-2012
35-45 Typhoons per year
Basic Research Efforts
Tropical Cyclone Formation & Intensity Forecasts
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Semiconductor Spintronics
Goal: develop science & technology to use spin angular
momentum as an alternate state variable in semiconductors
(International Technology Roadmap
for Semiconductors - 2009)
Next Breakthrough for Electronics
FM metal
Semiconductor
Interface
Spin Injection
No RF Heating
Net Spin Current
Warfighter and Fleet Missions effected
Surveillance/Reconnaissance
Marine ground forces
Electronic Warfare
Target Acquisition/Identification
Many benefits for electronic packages carried by
• Ground-based warfighter
• Air platforms (satellite/ultra-light/UAV)
• Sea platforms (unmanned)
• Reconfigurable logic
• Non-volatile storage
• Instant-on electronics
• Lower power
• Less heat
• ONR & ARO collaborate on research initiated at NRL:
o ONR concentrates on semiconductor devices &
circuits
o ARO concentrates on material synthesis &
characteristics
• AFOSR co-funding an ONR PI for research into
quantum information processing
• DARPA effort directed by former NRL PO & COTR;
focuses on ferromagnetic metals for solid state
memory & logic devices
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Materials Research into High Fracture Toughness
Capabilities
• Weapon effects data
• Integrated design of body armor
• Operational environment data
• Data for injury models
Measurement System
• Portable data acquisition
• Dynamic response calibration
• Signal processing of internal responses
Anatomical Features
• Relevant bones and organs
• Pressure sensor and accelerometer
instrumentation suite
Surrogate Materials
• Dynamic responses simulate
• Human tissues and organs
• Durable, multiple use, long shelf life
NSWC-IHD
Blossom Point, MD
Northern Lights
Suffield, Canada Blast Pressure Ballistic Fragments
Thoracic Surrogate System
• Development began in FY01
• Data from >100 blast tests for
sponsors
Anatomical Data
Brain Surrogate System
• Development began in FY06
• Focusing on helmet-brain response
Surrogate Materials
Dynamic Response
• ONR & ARO co-sponsoring research at Cambridge University with a concentration on carbon nanotubes • ONR is sponsoring unique 6.1 research on materials from a CIED personal protection perspective
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•Marine environment is hostile and unique:
–Moisture
–Sea Water
–Temperature extremes
–Hydrostatic pressure
•Naval structures are required to resist dynamic loads (shock, blast)
•Marine structures are generally thick walled;
• loading is three-dimensional (3D)
===> 3D analysis is required
•Current designs use large factors of safety
==> Added cost & unexpected failures
Composite Marine Structures: Background
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SOLID MECHANICS PROGRAM
NAVY NEEDS & RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH
(Mechanics and Materials)
– Affordability
– Survivability
– Reliability
– Durability
– Stealth
– Performance
Composite materials – Nanocomposites – Multifunctional composites
Core materials Sandwich structures Environmental effects Constitutive behavior (3D)
– Static, dynamic/strain rate effects Failure criteria (3D) Fatigue, life prediction Dynamic response/failure Impact, blast, shock, implosions Threat mitigation Fire, smoke, toxicity Affordable processing Nondestructive evaluation
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Relevant POCs
Solid Mechanics
Dr. Yapa D. S. Rajapakse E-mail: [email protected]
Computational Mechanics
Dr. Stephen Turner E-mail: [email protected]
Thermal Management
–Dr. Marc Spector –Email: [email protected]
Ship Structures
–Dr. Roshdy Barsoum –Email: [email protected]
Other Contacts:
Dr. Vasu Vasudevan Email: [email protected]
Mr. Bill Nickerson Email: [email protected]
Dr. Larry Schuette Email: [email protected]
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