1391 (59 ) 3 -

: * :

: :

90/10

/1 :

91

/3/11

:

31

: . 7/64o2/9 153/5o10/43 40/4o8/3 14/26o0/89 . . ( ) . (ÝÓÖ) (ÍÛÓÙ) . . 0/05 ( × 2×2 ) -4/05) ( -5/97) ( 12/95) ÝÓÖ ( 36/54) ÍÛÓÙ ( -8/99) ( ( 13/84) ( 14/08) . ( -4/72) . . .

.

. : *Email: ghara_re@modares.ac.ir

1391 (59 ) 3 -

32

1391 (59 ) 3 -

20) .(1 .(20) .(1 20)

.(20) 3 96 .(7) 49 .

.(8 23) 1 . . .

.(20)

.(20) . ( ) . (ÍÍÝ) 2 .(21) .(20) - .

.(19) . .(20) 1. initial acceleration2. stretch-shortening cycle

33

1391 (59 ) 3 -

( ) ) (

.(20) .

.(8 9) . ( )

.(19)

.(19) (16 22) .(19)

.(19 26) (9)

. (11) 12 .

. .

34

1391 (59 ) 3 -

. ( )

.

15 13

( ) . . . . . 1

.( 0/05)

. . ( )

. ( ) ) . . (

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

7/83o3/05 38/31o8/22 150/12o8/85 14/26o0/83 7/43o3/01 42/84o8/43 157/64o11/3 14/25o1/03

0/681 -1/052 -1/44 0/021 ¬ 0/806 0/312 0/172 0/983 Ð

.1

35

1391 (59 ) 3 -

48 48 . . ( ) ( ) . .

.

(18)

. . (ÜÖ)1 . 1 40 . . 25 . . 45 . ) : (

×

6×6 ½³ Ø«®¼´» Ö«³°­ 16×6 ½³ Ø«®¼´» Ö«³°­ 26×8 ½³ Ø«®¼´» Ö«³°­ 36×10 ½³ Ø«®¼´» Ö«³°­ 46×4 ½³ Ü®±° Ö«³°­ 56×4 ½³ Ü®±° Ö«³°­ 6

.2

1. drop jump

40-60-60-60-40-40-

36

1391 (59 ) 3 -

( ) - - )

.(

. .(10) Û®¹± Ö«³° Ì»­¬,) . (Í¿¬®¿° ݱ³°¿²§, ×®¿²

) ( 90 20) ( 250) .(19 ( )

.(6)

. ®«²²·²¹ ¬·³³»®,) . (Ì¿µ·» Õ·µ·, Ö¿°¿²

. . 60 .

.(20)

ÍÛÓÙ ) (3 25) ( 60 . .(12) . . ( ) 60 . . .(12)

37

1391 (59 ) 3 -

(Û Þ Ò»«®± ­§­¬»³, ׬¿´§) ÛÓÙ

.

(1993) . . . . ( )

.(16)

- . . 2×2 ) . ( × . ¬ .(18) 1(ÛÍ) 0/05

.

4 3 .

.( 0/05) - ÛÍ=1/6 Ð=0/002) .( -5/97 .(Ð=0/66) × (ÛÍ=0/62 Ð=0/635)

.(Ú =3/945 Ð =0/069) - ÛÍ=0/9 Ð=0/013) .( -4/05 .(Ð=0/70) × (ÛÍ=0/3 Ð=0/876)

.(Ú =2/757 Ð =0/121) ( -8/99 ÛÍ = 2/17 Ð=0/001) - ( -4/72 ÛÍ= 3/75 Ð= 0/014) . Ð=0/292) × (ÛÍ=2/37 Ð =0/094)

.(Ú =3/266 ÝÓÖ - .( 12/95 ÛÍ= 0/36 Ð= 0/041) Ð=0/036) .(Ð=0/97) × (ÛÍ=3/181. effect size

38

1391 (59 ) 3 -

Ð

0/002 -5/97 1/26o0/02 1/34o0/05 ( ) 5 0/66 -0/75 1/31o0/07 1/32o0/08

0/013 -4/05 2/13o0/05 2/22o0/1 ( ) 10 0/70 -0/91 2/16o0/07 2/18o0/1 0/001 -8/99 5/06o0/19 5/56o0/23 ( ) 0/014 -5/40 5/25o0/17 5/55o0/08 0/041 12/95 31/22o8/02 27/64o9/71 ( ) ÝÓÖ

0/97 -0/13 22/11o2/05 22/14o2/86 0/043 14/08 37/5o7/72 32/87o6/93 5 0/59 1/78 33o5/77 32/42o6/97 ( ) 0/002 13/84 33/87o6/24 29/75o5/92 15 0/24 4/64 28/85o4/7 27/57o4/27 ( )

( ) .3

Ð

0/05 36/54 392/31o80/76 287/32o85/95 ÛÓÙ

0/68 6/19 251/3o110/04 236/65o42/37 ( ) 0/49 -8/16 280/68o72/27 305/63o57/60 ÛÓÙ

0/53 -7/94 227/42o87/69 247/04o77/9 ( ) 0/53 1/05 25/02o0/64 24/76o1/83 0/24 3/98 26/12o2/19 25/21o2/11 ( )

( ) .4

Ð =0/036) .(Ú =5/478

- ÛÍ=0/66 Ð= 0/043) .( 14/08

.(Ð=0/59) × (ÛÍ =0/64 Ð= 0/215)

.(Ú =1/491 Ð =0/244) 15 -

39

1391 (59 ) 3 -

ÛÍ= 0/69 Ð= 0/002) .( 13/84 .(Ð= 0/24) × (ÛÍ =1/17 Ð= 0/099)

.(Ú =2/883 Ð =0/113) - ÛÍ= 1/22 Ð= 0/05) .( 36/54 Ð= 0/011) .(Ð= 0/68) × . (=ÛÍ 3/32 Ð =0/138)

.(Ú =2/498 -

.( 0/05)

. ÝÓÖ . (ÍÛÓÙ)

.(18)

.(8) . ( -4/05) ( -5/97) .

.(20) (2009) . (2010)

. (24) (8) . . (18) . . ) . (

40

1391 (59 ) 3 -

. . ( ) . 21)

.(19 . ( ) .(20) -8/99 )

.( -5/4 (20) ( -8/99) . ( -9/6) ) .(19) (

. ) .( . 10/2 1/5

.(19) ÝÓÖ . ÝÓÖ . . (19) .(20) .(20) . ( 12/95) ÝÓÖ

.(7) (2009) ÝÓÖ

.

41

1391 (59 ) 3 -

(17) . 14 7 ÝÓÖ .(Ð= 0/036) 14/08 ) 13/84 1/78 .( 4/64 . . - . - .(6) 23 7 .

. ÛÓÙ . 6/19 36/54 .

.(Ð =0/011) . (14 15) (2005) .(19) . .

. ÛÓÙ . .(4 13) ÛÓÙ (13 2) .(13) ( -4/05) ( -5/97) ( 12/95) ÝÓÖ ( -8/99)

42

1391 (59 ) 3 -

( 13/84) ( 14/08) ÍÛÓÙ . ( 36/54)

. (22) . (27) . . (1996) .(22) (5) . .

.(5)

.

.

43

1391 (59 ) 3 -

1389 .1.127-140 :(49)

1383 .2 :(26) 18 16

.21-36 1388 .3

.7-16 :(46) 4. Aagaard, P. (2004). �Making muscles "stronger": Exercise, nutrition, drugs�. Journal of Musculoskeletal

Neuronal Interactions. 4(2): 165-74.5. Aagaard P.; Simonsen, E.B.; Andersen, J.L. (2009). �Magnusson P, Dyhre-Poulsen P. Neural adaptation to

resistance training: Changes in evoked V-wave and H-reex responses�. Journal of Applied Physiology. 92(6): 2309-18.

6. Bosco, C.; Luhtanen, P.; Komi, P.V. (1983). �A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping�. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 50(2): 273-82.

7. Castagna, C.; D'Ottavio, S.; Abt, G. (2003). �Activity Prole of Young Soccer Players During Actual Match Play�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 17(4): 775-80.

8. Chelly, M.S.; Ghenem, M.A.; Abid, K.; Hermassi, S.; Tabka, Z.; Shephard, R.J. (2010). �Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump-and sprint performance of soccer players�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(10): 2670-6.

9. Chimera, N.J.; Swanik, K.A.; Swanik, C.B.; Straub, S.J. (2004). �Effects of Plyometric Training on Muscle-Activation Strategies and Performance in Female Athletes�. Journal of Athletic Training. 39(1): 24-31.

10. Cronin, J.B.; Hansen, K.T. (2005). �Strength and power predictors of sports speed�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 19(2):349-57.

11. Diallo, O.; Dore, E.; Duche, P., et al (2001). �Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training program on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players�. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41: 342-8.

12. Fauth, M.L.; Petushek, E.J.; Feldmann, C.R.; Hsu, B.E.; Garceau, L.R.; Lutsch, B.N., et al. (2010). �Reliability of surface electromyography during maximal voluntary isometric contractions, jump landings, and cutting�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 224(4): 1131-7.

13. Felici, F. (2006). �Neuromuscular responses to exercise investigated through surface EMG�. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 16(6): 578-85.

14. Hakkinen, K.; Komi, P.V.; Alen, M. (1985). �Effect of explosive type strength training on isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle bre characteristics of leg extensor muscles�. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 125(4): 587-600.

15. Hakkinen, K.; Pakarinen, A.; Kyrolainen, H.; Cheng, S.; Kim, D.H.; Komi, P.V. (1990). �Neuromuscular adaptations and serum hormones in females during prolonged power training�. International Journal of

44

1391 (59 ) 3 -

Sports Medicine. 11(2): 91-8.16. Holtermann, A.; Roeleveld, K.; Engstrøm, M.; Sand, T. (2007). �Enhanced H-reex with resistance training is

related to increased rate of force development�. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 101(3): 301-12.17. Johnson, B.A.; Salzberg, C.L.; Stevenson, D.A. (2011). �A systematic review: Plyometric training programs for

young children�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(9): 2623-33.18. Markovic, G.; Jukic, I.; Milanovic, D.; Metikos, D. (2007). �Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle

function and athletic performance�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 21(2): 543-9.19. Markovic, G.; Mikulic, P. (2010). �Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity

plyometric training�. Sports Medicine. 40(10): 859-95.20. Meylan, C.; Malatesta, D. (2009). �Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive

actions of young players�. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 23(9): 2605-13.

21. Rimmer, E.; Sleivert, G. (2000). �Effects of a Plyometrics Intervention Program on Sprint Performance�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 14(3): 295-301.

22. Ross, A.; Leveritt, M.; Riek, S. (2001). �Neural inuences on sprint running training adaptations and acute responses�. Sports Medicine. 31(6): 409-25.

23. Stølen, T.; Chamari, K.; Castagna, C.; Wisløff, U. (2005). �Physiology of soccer: An update�. Sports Medicine. 35(6): 501-36.

24. Thomas, K.; French, D.; Hayes, P.R. (2009). �The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players�. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(1): 332-5.

25. Urabe, Y.; Kobayashi, R.; Sumida, S.; Tanaka, K.; Yoshida, N.; Nishiwaki, G.A., et al. (2005). �Electromyographic analysis of the knee during jump landing in male and female athletes�. Knee. 12(2): 129-34.

26. Van Praagh, E.; Doré, E. (2003). �Short-term muscle power during growth and maturation�. Sports Medicine. 32(11): 701-28.

27. Voigt, M.; Chelli, F.; Frigo, C. (1998). �Changes in the excitability of soleus muscle short latency stretch reexes during human hopping after 4 weeks of hopping training�. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 78(6): 522-32.