Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
One World One Health One LifeAlison Dewes June 2017
Alison Dewes June 2017
Everything is Connected
2
One World: One Health: One LifeProduction systems need to change to optimise wellbeing, - we are challenged today by
declining ecological health, climate change, increasing pressure, economic challenges,
especially on farms.
Economic models have driven farmers more to growth (output) + debt.
The new “think big/more” has not delivered wellbeing that it purported to.
Agriculture needs a paradigm shift towards wellbeing (One World: One Health)
Where intensification and debt is replaced by increasing profit and health.
From chemical and antibiotic debt to more balanced, social and environmental welfare view.
We need safer - healthier food + lower impact with less stressed farmers.
This requires systems thinking: not one solely to increase GDP not counting pollution and public
health costs. As health professionals we have a responsibility to safeguard people, animals and
ecosystems for present and future generations.
Agricultural Growth Agenda is Testing Limits
3
• Business Growth Agenda (Ag Exports to lift by 30% by 2025) (KPMG, 2013)
• Double rate of growth to a7% CAGR compared with 3% CAGR past 20 years. (Ridett Institute, 2010)
• Realising the Potential of 960000 Ha of Maori Owned Land(300,000 Ha class 4-6 land intensified to higher performance each year for next 3 years) (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2013)
• Irrigation Infrastructure Fund (Govt + Crown Investment Schemes to
Accelerate Water Storage + Irrigation: eg: 600,000 ha more Sth. Canterbury,)
Planetary boundaries http://www.stockholmresilience.org
Critical Spill over = NitrogenCritical Loss = Biodiversity
Environmental effects and costs
OUTPUT
Inputs
SWEETZONE
↑Growth = ↑GDP… but not wellbeing, scientific integrity, public health, or cost of clean up
Magnitude
Assumes continued output without environmental effects or resource degradation.
SWEETZONE
Profit (ROC)
Environmental Effects and costs
Production
Productivity
Inputs
Biological systems have natural limits
Magnitude
Farmers pushed to right by processors
FACT: Upper SelwynCENTRAL PLAINS WATER SCHEME
E.g: Groundwater nitrate levels increasing and for example in Selwyn + predictions are for ↑ 25% due to CPW
irrigation scheme coming on line.
7
8
Land Use affects Water and People
Critical Source Areas Nitrogen - Phosphorus–Sediment - Pathogens
Nitrate - through the LandNitrogen Load is still to come THROUGH the land via groundwater
Phosphorus Travels ACROSS the land.
9Pathogens go ACROSS and THROUGH land
10
TIME FOR FARM SYSTEM RETHINK: Consumer Perceptions of Welfare, Residues
State of Waikato Soils
Only 34% of Waikato’s Soils meet the SOIL QUALITY GUIDELINES: Overfertilisation, Compaction, Contamination > 160,000 ha of Waikato Dairy land contaminated by Cadmium & half of all intensively farmed area will be by 2030 - CADMIUM - SELF MANAGEMENT SCHEME –( NB - ZINC Dosing of Animals – another important heavy metal) Water)
Sediment spill from conversion areas summer downpour- Ohakuri (40 K N Huka Falls)
Waikato River - normal colour Reporoa
Waikato River(normal) - Cambridge 120K downstream from Reporoa
Waikato River – A story of declining water quality +
continued intensification in upper catchment
HOT TOPIC: Recreational and Drinking Water Sources
How?
STOP BUGS AT SOURCE
KEEP SEDIMENT OUT
STOP NUTRIENTS THAT GROW ALGAE and SUCK OXYGEN
STOP TURBIDITY/KEEP CLARITY
Where our kids have less than 1/100 chance of not getting sick when they swim
SAFE = E Coli < 260 cfu/100 ml
ALERT = E Coli 260-550 cfu/100 ml
Nitrate < 0.44 mg/L
Can you see your TOES? 13
Pathogens →water bodies
• irrigation and intensification on vulnerable
soils, drains, wetlands, rivers, lakes and
eventually coastal food collection
environments create a fully linked system
where the paddock pathogens can find a
pathway the swimming hole, plate.
• zoonotic pathogen examples spill
over to the environment from
ruminants are not reliably detected
using the E Coli proxy are Protozoa,
Yersinia, STEC, Mycobacterium(MAP),
clostridial species and leptospirosis.
Faecal outputs of cattle…vs humans in New ZealandTotal output of 25kg per cow per day
9 million cattle in NZ 230,000 tonnes untreated faecal material per day…
• Humans 800 tonnes per day
• But treated before discharge
• 9 million cattle is equivalent to 126 million people
• Without a toilet and sewage system.
Source Dr Brent Gilpin ESR Ltd and Dr Nigel French
Pathogens travel THROUGH VULNERABLE SOILS – Peats, Coarse Soils, and Gravels…(preferential flow paths)as well as OVERLAND.
30% of shallow wells show↑ N and pathogen trends within a decade of development
Ashburton water unsafe (N + highest rates of some zoonotic diseases)
70% of dairying is on coarse shallow soils in Canterbury – unvalidated for N loss.(model) 17
70% of of region is at risk or over-allocated nutrients and water- now CLAWBACK is required
CANTERBURY: Overshot the Limits
PERMITTED ACTIVITY RULES: …. no trap for the crap
NES requires protection of source water upstream of abstraction sites Photo: Vinegar Hill Manawatu (Catalyst Group Sep 2016)18
Source: Hoofprint: Alliance: Sept 2014
NITROUS OXIDE – Big part of emission profile in our N based, ryegrass dominated systems,
WILL “GRASS FED” BE THE REAL DEAL IN 2025?
SOLUTIONS FOR NEW CHALLENGES
• Greenhouse gas emissions N & methane • The nitrogen bomb • Peak phosphorus • Declining soil health and versatility• Antibiotic resistance • Animal health and welfare • Human health pathogens & disease • Freshwater limits • Freshwater pollution rivers, lakes and groundwater's • Pollution of estuaries and oceans
20
TRANSITION NOW OR EVERYTHING WILL SUFFER
21
SOLUTION 1. STOP THE DENIAL
22
23
“In 2025, I wonder if NZ could be the farmers market of the global village?
SOLUTION 2: NZ NEEDS A CLEAR VISION FOR PASTORAL AGRICULTURE
24
SOLUTION 3. STOP CONVERTING MORE LAND + INTENSIFYING: CAT CAPPING & CLAWBACK(Wellington)Is it time forCOW CAPPING AND CLAWBACK?
• Stop converting vulnerable soils• Stop subsidising and incentivising new
conversions on leaky, slippy soils
• Stocking rate on farms – underpins need for• ↑ N, ↑ Summer / Winter Cropping• ↑Bought in Feeds, ↑Offsite Grazing on
vulnerable soils
Yield: Total (t) / ha
Yield:Gross Energy (GJ) / ha
Yield:Protein (kg) / ha
GHG emission (kg CO2 Eq.) / tonne of product
LCA Energy Input (GJ) / tonne of product
Water use (if produced from irrigation) (litres) / kg of product
NZ Dairy 1.3 35 600 10,000 20 5,000
NZ Arable (wheat)
7.5 120 800 700 2.5 250
Wheat example:
- 4 times as much gross energy per ha
- nearly twice as much protein/ha
- 14 times less GHG/tonne product
- 20 times less water if using irrigation
- Reduced load of Zoonotic Pathogens
SOLUTION 5:Fewer animals + encourage more plants?
SOLUTION 6: FOCUS ON “WIN-WIN” SCIENCE + PLANNING” ECOSYSTEMS - ONE HEALTH –RESILIENCE + PROFIT
Evidence from farming leaderswho know less is more
27
SOLUTION 7: START DOING WHAT WE CANCanterbury Farm Greenhouse gas profile:
Win – Win for Rivers and Climate
Lower protein in diets Lower intensity of system Less Nitrogen FertiliserReduce Winter CroppingMixed system- cereals Fewer Better Fed Animals
Could give a 30 -40% drop
SOLUTION 8: NATIONAL FRESHWATER LIMITS SHOULD BE ECOSYSTEM HEALTH Not toxic N & Pathogen enriched
29
NEW FRESHWATER BOTTOM LINES MEAN
Allowing the N level to be redefined – Toxicity rather than health.
Re -defining Surveillance Regime + E Coli Level, and definition of Swimmability.
SOLUTION 9:Industry Self Management must be Transparent and Effective
• Fertiliser Reps doing nutrient management for Fonterra but not suitable for use as compliance overseer file.
• Regional Plans(Waikato, Rotorua, Canterbury) Allocating Resources based on Grandparenting N loss using Model,
• Water Accord isn’t enough
• Overseer is good for collection of farm system data but….
Overseer is a N model with assumptions
It doesn’t deal with pathogens, sediment loss risk and is only a rough guide for P.
30
SOLUTION 10: Control Zoonoses/Pathogens at Source• On farm
• Prevent transmission between animals • Vaccination (e.g. leptospirosis)• Hygiene barriers/biosecurity• Reduce stocking density focus on WELLBEING
• Prevent contamination of surface water• Manure/slurry management (incl.
ponds, wetlands)• Fencing, bridges and culverts• Riparian planting
• Off farm
• Protect Catchments with Robust Policy
• Good Measuring and Monitoring
• Improve • Water treatment• Recreational water guidelines
SOLUTION 11: Tighten up on Loose Practices –ENFORCE RULES OVERSEER(N Model) assumes NO soil damage, NO surface runoff, NO contaminants to receiving water bodies
32
33
SOLUTION 12: FACILITATE MINDSET CHANGE + LEADERSHIP: SUB CATCHMENT APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE A NATIONAL VISION AND STRATEGY
FARMING INSIDE ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LIMITS:
34
Empower farmers with data to understand what asset protection means –vs health impacts old mindsets of production, growth and debt.
35Solution 13 – Empower Community Care, Creativity + Courage
COURAGE
Solution 14 Independent One Health Policy Advisory For Policy Development.
Including Medical/Veterinary, Ecological, Social Scientists
3775% of all new emerging infectious diseases will be zoonotic in origin
STOP DENIAL
+ DEVELOP A NATIONAL VISION FOR PASTORAL AGRICULTURESupport Independent and Transparent Science + NPS Freshwater with HEALTH NOT TOXICITY
Industry Accords must be Transparent and work towards Vision.
Irrigation must be ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICALLY viable + USE REAL ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS/ + models to support.
Control Losses at Source, and ENFORCE RULES around RISKY business.
PRESERVE LAND USE FLEXIBILITY: sound allocation systems (not grandparenting)
START the BOLD CONVERSATION NOW
38ONE HEALTH SOLUTION
39
THINKING THAT GOT US HERE –WONT BE THE THINKING THAT GETS US THERE
40SOLUTION 5: Regional plans will need to allocate for Land Use + Climate Change
END
41
42
Landcorp positions for future 20/10/2016
The meeting could have been seen as heresy but to Landcorpboss Steve Carden it was logical to meet with Impossible Foods, one of several cashladen overseas corporations developing a plantderived alternative protein to meat and dairy. Such disruptive technology was undoubtedly a threat to farmers, processors and the New Zealand economy but Carden said viewed rationally it was also an opportunity for animal protein to be positioned as high value products and for growers to supply crops to those companies.
The meeting also reflected how Carden has positioned Landcorp in the 18 months he has been at the helm.
43
Economic models do not cost the public health burden: Theres a darn good reason to protect Ecosystem Health