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Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with
Klaus Peters
Ruhr-University Bochum
Beijing, August 16-22, 2004
DD
DD* ψ(11D2)
ψ(13D2)
ψ(13D3)
ψ(13D1)
ηc(11S0)
ηc(21S0)
J/ψ(13S1)
χc0(13P0)
χc1(13P1)
χc2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
D*D*ψ(33S1)
ψ(23S1)
χc0(23P0)
χc1(23P1)
χc2(23P2)
h1c(21P1)ηc(31S0)
2
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
The GSI Future Facility
Panda
3
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Overview
The Physics Program (Panda Experiment) Charmonium spectroscopy Charmed hybrids and glueballs Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei Hypernuclei Further options
The Antiproton Facility (HESR)
Conclusions
4
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Were do we stand ?
Perturbative QCD works for high Q2 or large mq
one gluon exchange
At low Q2
chiral limit mq0
Mass generation of hadrons is uncertain98% of the mass of the proton is not understood
Effective theories for the limitsbut lacking real understanding of the degrees of freedom
How to connect the regions?
6
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Approach
Increase precisionmeasure static properties of well known states
Increase the database of decayssearch for unusual decay modes to gain information
Excite additional modessearch for gluonic and radial excitations of hadronssearch for gluonic excitation of the strong vacuum
Put the hadrons to the limits put the hadrons in vacuum with different baryon density
7
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Level Mixing
Light quark problemthe mixing
Mixingbroad stateshigh level density
Better:narrow states
and/or lower level densitycharmed systems !
Ex
oti
c lig
ht
Ex
oti
c cc
1 - - 1 - +
0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0M e V / c2
10 - 2
1
1 0 2
8
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmonium Physics
DD
DD*
ψ(11D2)
ψ(13D2)
ψ(13D3)
ψ(13D1)
Mcc
[G
eV
/c2]
ηc(11S0)
ηc(21S0)
J/ψ(13S1)
χc0(13P0)
χc1(13P1)
χc2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0D*D*
ψ(33S1)
pp [G
eV
/c]
ψ(23S1)
χc0(23P0)
χc1(23P1)
χc2(23P2)
h1c(21P1)ηc(31S0)
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.5
6.3
7.1
8.0
JP=0+ 1- 1+ (0,1,2)+ 2- (1,2,3)-
… Exclusive ChannelsHelicity violationG-Parity violationHigher Fock state contributions
Open questions …
ηc – inconsistencies
ηc’ - ψ(2S) splitting
h1c – unconfirmed
Peculiar ψ(4040)
Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States
9
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
The X(3872)
New state discovered by Belle inBK (J/ψπ+π-), J/ψµ+µ- or e+e-
M = 3872.0 0.6 0.5 MeVΓ 2.3 MeV (90 % C.L.)
X(3872) seen also by CDF
M = 3871.4 0.7 0.4 MeV
CDF, preliminary, Bauer, QWG 2003
Belle, preliminary, hep-ex/0309032
signal region
sideband region
10
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
3500 3520 MeV3510C
Ball
ev./
2 M
eV
100
ECM
Charmonium Physics
e+e- interactions:Only 1-- states are formedOther states only bysecondary decays moderate mass resolution
pp reactions:All states directly formedvery good mass resolution
CBallE835
1000
E 8
35
ev./
pb
c1
CBall, Edwards et al. PRL 48 (1982) 70
E835, Ambrogiani et al., PRD 62 (2000) 052002
12
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmonium Physics with pp
Expect 1-2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C)pp (>5.5 GeV/c) J/ψ 107/dpp (>5.5 GeV/c) χc2 (J/ψγ 105/d
pp (>5.5 GeV/c) ηc´( 104/d|rec.?
Comparison of PANDA@HESR to E83515 GeV/c maximum mom. instead of 9 GeV/c10x higher Luminosity than achieved before charged tracks detector with magnetic field 10x smaller δp/pstable conditions dedicated high energy storage ring
13
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmed Hybrids
LQCD: gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states-potential
for one-gluon exchange-potential
from excited gluon flux
mHcc ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV/c2
Light charmed hybridscould be narrow if open charm decays are inaccessible or suppressed
important <r2> and rBreakup
3
3.5
4
1 2
R/r0
V(R)/GeV
J/ψ
χc
ψ‘
Hcc
DD
14
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
0 2 4 6 8 12 1510
p Momentum [GeV/c]
Mass [GeV/c2]
Two bodythresholds
Molecules
GluonicExcitations
qq Mesons
1 2 3 4 5 6
Hybrids
Hybrids+Recoil
Glueball
Glueball+Recoil
ΛΛΣΣΞΞ
ΛcΛc
ΣcΣc
ΞcΞc
ΩcΩcΩΩ DDDsDs
qqqq ccqq
nng,ssg ccg
ggg,gg
light qqπ,ρ,ω,f2,K,K*
ccJ/ψ, ηc, χcJ
nng,ssg ccg
ggg
Accessible Charmed Hadrons at PANDA @ GSI
Other exotics with identical decay channels same region
conventionalcharmonium
exoticcharmonium
17
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Ds[J][*]± Pairproduction in pp Annihilation
Associated Pair m/MeV/c2 JP Channel (+cc) Final State
Ds(1968.5) Ds (1968.5) 3937.0 0+,1-,2+,3-,4+ Ds+Ds
- 2K-2K++-
Ds (1968.5) Ds*(2112.4) 4080.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds
+(Ds-) 2K-2K++-
Ds*(2112.4) Ds
*(2112.4) 4224.8 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds
-) 2K-2K++-
Ds (1968.5) DsJ*(2317.5) 4286.0 0-,1+,2-,3+,4- Ds
+(Ds-0) 2K-2K++-0
Ds (1968.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4427.0 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+((Ds
-)0) 2K-2K++-0
Ds*(2112.4) DsJ
*(2317.5) 4429.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds
-0) 2K-2K++-0
Ds (1968.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4503.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(0)
Ds (1968.5) DsJ*(2572.4) 4540.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds
+(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(0)
Ds*(2112.4) DsJ(2458.5) 4570.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds
+)((Ds-)0) 2K-2K++-0
DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ
*(2317.5) 4635.0 0+,1-,2+,3-,4+ (Ds+0)(Ds
-0) 2K-2K++-20
Ds*(2112.4) Ds1(2535.4) 4647.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds
+)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(0)
Ds*(2112.4) DsJ
*(2572.4) 4684.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(0)
Ds (1968.5) D1*(2770) 4738.5 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds
+(Ds-+-) 2K-2K+2+2-
DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4776.0 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds
+0)((Ds-)0) 2K-2K++-20
Ds (1968.5) D2(2870) 4838.5 0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+((Ds
-)+-) 2K-2K+2+2-
DsJ*(2317.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4852.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds
+0)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(1-2)0
Ds*(2112.4) D1
*(2770) 4882.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds
-+-) 2K-2K+2+2-
DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ
*(2572.4) 4889.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+0)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(1-2)0
DsJ(2458.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4917.0 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds+)0)((Ds
-)0) 2K-2K++-20
Ds*(2112.4) D2(2870) 4982.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds
+)((Ds-)+-) 2K-2K+2+2-
DsJ(2458.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4993.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds+)0)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(1-2)0
DsJ(2458.5) DsJ*(2572.4) 5030.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds
+)0)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(1-2)0
Ds1(2535.4) Ds1(2535.4) 5070.8 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (D*+K0)(D*-K0) K-K+2KS2+2-(0-2)0
18
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
The Antiproton Facility - HESR
Antiproton production similar to CERN
HESR = High Energy Storage RingProduction rate 107/sPbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c
Nstored = 5 x 1010 p
Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target
High luminosity modeLuminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1
δp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)
High resolution modeδp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1
19
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Proposed Detector (Overview)
High RatesTotal σ ~ 55 mbpeak > 107 int/s
Vertexing(σp,KS,Λ,…)
Charged particle ID(e±,μ±,π±,p,…)
Magnetic tracking
Elm. Calorimetry(γ,π0,η)
Forward capabilities(leading particles)
Sophisticated Trigger(s)
20
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Summary and Outlook
It’s an amazing time in charm spectroscopymany new states – but no coherent picture
Where are gluonic excited charmonia (hybrids)spectrum, widths and decay channels
What are the new DsJ states and the X(3872)what are their properties like width and decay channels
Interaction with nuclear mattermass shifts, broadening and attenuation
Only high precision experiments can finally
help to solve the puzzle like Panda @ HESR @ GSI
21
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Backup Slides
22
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
S1
S2
S=S1+S2
J=L+S
P=(-1)L+1
C=(-1)L+S
L
Simplest Hybrids
S-Wave+Gluon (qq)8g with ()8=coloured
1S0 3S1 combined with a 1+ or 1- gluon
Gluon 1– (TM) 1+(TE)
1S0, 0–+ 1++ 1––
3S1, 1–– 0+- 0–+
1+- 1–+
2+- 2–+Exotic JPC cannot! be formed by qq
23
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
LQCD ccg 1-+ vs. cc 1-- (J/ψ)
1-+ m(ccg) Model Group Reference
4390 ±80 ±200 isotropic MILC97 PRD56(1997)7039
4317 ±150 isotropic MILC99 NPB93Supp(1999)264
4287 isotropic JKM99 PRL82(1999)4400
4369 ±37 ±99 anisotropic ZSU02 hep-lat/0206012
(1-+,1--) m(ccg)- m(cc)
1340 ±80 ±200 isotropic MILC97 PRD56(1997)7039
1220 ±150 isotropic MILC99 NPB93Supp(1999)264
1323 ±130 anisotropic CP-PACS99 PRL82(1999)4396
1190 isotropic JKM99 PRL82(1999)4400
1302 ±37 ±99 anisotropic ZSU02 hep-lat/0206012
24
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmed Hybrid Level Scheme
1-- (0,1,2)-+ < 1++ (0,1,2)+-
JKM, NPB 83suppl(2000)304 and Manke, PRD57(1998)3829
L-SplittingΔm ~ 100-250 MeV/c2
for 1-+ to 0+-
S-Splittings Page thesis,1995 and PRD 35(1987)16684.14 (0-+) to 4.52 GeV/c2 (2-+)
consistent w/LQCDJKM, NPB 86suppl(2000)397, PLB478(2000) 151
0-+ 4.14
1-+ 4.37
2-+ 4.52
1-- 4.48
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
0+- 4.47
1+- 4.70
2+- 4.85
1++ 4.81
DD**
25
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmed Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter
Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate
Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously:
deeply bound pionic atoms(anti-)kaon yield and phase
space distribution
D-Mesons are the QCD analogue of the H-atom.
chiral symmetry to be studied on a single light quark
Hayaski, PLB 487 (2000) 96Morath, Lee, Weise, priv. Comm.
D
50 MeV
D
D+
vacuumvacuum nuclear mediumnuclear medium
K
25 MeV
100 MeV
K+
K
26
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmonium in the Nuclei
Lowering of the D+D- massallow charmonium states to decay into this channel, thus resulting in a dramatic increase of width
ψ(1D) Γ=2040 MeV ψ(2S) Γ=0,322,7 MeV
Experiment:Dilepton-Channels and/or highly constrained hadronic channels
IdeaStudy relative changes ofyield and width of the charmonium states 3
GeV/c2 Mass
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
(13D1)
(13S1)
(23S1)
c(11S0)
(33S1)
c2(13P2)
c1(13P1)
c1(13P0)
DD3,74
3,64
3,54
vacuum
10
20
27
K. Peters - Open and Hidden Charm Spectroscopy with Panda
Charmonium mass shift in nuclear matter
Quantum
numbers
QCD
2nd Stark eff.
Potential
model
QCD
sum rules
Effects of
DD loop
ηc 0-+ –8 MeV [1] –5 MeV [4]
J/ψ 1-- –8 MeV [1] -10 MeV [3] –7 MeV [4] < 2 MeV [5]
c0,1,20,1,2++ -40 MeV [2] -60 MeV [2]
ψ(3686) 1-- -100 MeV [2] < 30 MeV [2]
ψ(3770) 1-- -140 MeV [2] < 30 MeV [2]
[1] Peskin, NPB 156(1979)365, Luke et al., PLB 288(1992)355
[2] Lee, nucl-th/0310080
[3] Brodsky et al, PRL 64(1990)1011
[4] Klingel, Kim, Lee, Morath, Weise, PRL 82(1999)3396
[5] Lee, Ko PRC 67(2003)038202