OperationalOperational Communication Communication Systems and Relationship to Systems and Relationship to

Ionosphere and Space WeatherIonosphere and Space Weather

Emrah GülayEmrah GülayAerospace Engineering Aerospace Engineering DepartmentDepartmentMETUMETU

20/12/2205

OUTLINEOUTLINE

Ionosphere and Relationship to Ionosphere and Relationship to CommunicationCommunication

Daily Ionospheric VariationsDaily Ionospheric VariationsIonospheric Variations Ionospheric Variations DDue to Seasonsue to SeasonsIonospheric Variations Ionospheric Variations DDue to ue to LLatitudeatitudeIonospheric ScintillationIonospheric Scintillation

Space WeatherSpace Weather andand Relationship to Relationship to CommunicationCommunication

Solar CycleSolar CycleSolar FlareSolar Flare

Ionosphere and Relationship to Ionosphere and Relationship to CommunicationCommunication

Ionosphere extends from a height of 50 kmIonosphere extends from a height of 50 kmto 500 km above the surface of the Earth.to 500 km above the surface of the Earth.

Regions in the IonosphereRegions in the Ionosphere D D region 50 to 90 kmregion 50 to 90 km E E region 90 to 140 kmregion 90 to 140 km F1 region 140 to 210 kmF1 region 140 to 210 km F2 region over 210 kmF2 region over 210 km

Day and night structure of the ionosphere

www.ips.gov.au

Daily Ionospheric VariationsDaily Ionospheric Variations

E and F layer frequencies for a Singapore to Ho Chi Minh circuit sometimein a solar cycle.

www.ips.gov.au

Day and night structure of the ionosphere

www.ips.gov.au

Ionospheric Variations due to Ionospheric Variations due to SeasonsSeasons

Summer noon frequencies generally Summer noon frequencies generally greater than those in winter.greater than those in winter.

However around solar maximum wintwr However around solar maximum wintwr frequencies tend to be higher than those in frequencies tend to be higher than those in summer.summer.

Ionospheric Variations due to Ionospheric Variations due to SeasonsSeasons

During summer season frequencies are generally greater than those in winter

www.ips.gov.au/Educational

Ionospheric Variations Ionospheric Variations DDue to ue to LLatitudeatitude

www.colorado.edu/

news/releases

Ionospheric ScintillationIonospheric Scintillation

Low band microwave Low band microwave communication or communication or

navigation systems navigation systems may be subjected tomay be subjected to degradation due to degradation due to

Ionospheric scintillationIonospheric scintillation

www.suite101.com/files/topics/13646/files

Space WeatherSpace Weather andand Relationship to Relationship to CommunicationCommunication

Solar CycleSolar Cycle

www.ips.gov.au/

Educational

Solar FlareSolar Flare

www.deanesmay.com/images/solar_flare

Solar Flares are huge

explosions on the Sun which emits radiation.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

www.deanesmay.com www.ips.gov.au/Educational www.colorado.edu hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/hessi

wwwwww--ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/gem/event_nov93/images/93nov01.gifssc.igpp.ucla.edu/gem/event_nov93/images/93nov01.gif