Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Contributed by Lydia Ellwood

I have prepared an introductory PP to use as training for tutors in college, to increase their

knowledge and strategies for use in the classroom.

All resources in the "Contributions" section of our resource bank have been submitted by delegates on our Managing

Extreme Behaviour Online course. For more information about this practical, self-paced course, please visit

http://www.pivotaleducation.com/managing-extreme-behaviour-online/

OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT

DISORDER

Lydia Ellwood

ODD

Defined as excessive, often persistent anger, frequent temper tantrums or angry

outbursts, as well as disregard for authority. Children and adolescents often purposely annoy others, blame others for

their own mistakes, and are easily disrupted.

ODD

The student is suffering too!

They are behaving this way because it is a learned behaviour, either from home, peers or educational experience

ODDTo be diagnosed with ODD these behaviours must cause considerable distress for the family and/or interfere significantly with academic or social functioning. These behaviours must persist for at least six months and be beyond normal behaviour. Common co-morbid conditions are ADHD, depression and substance abuse. These will increase the effects of the ODD.

ODDIndicators are: Angry and resentful of others Prefer revenge to solutions Placing others in harmful situations Actively refuse to comply Deliberately annoys others Blames others for own mistakes Argumentative

ODD Can progress to Conduct Disorder Which can lead to a prison sentence It is important to not reinforce unwanted

behaviour Each student is an individual Think about what their issues are?

ODD They have deficits with dealing with

frustration Tend to be “hot headed” They want a reaction from you They do not always understand the

consequences They do not always understand the

question

ODDStrategies Remain calm! Do not to rise to the bait! Remove them from the situation – less

audience Listen to their problems properly Explain what is expected of them and

ensure that they understand

ODDStrategies continued Focus on prevention – what can you do

to make sure this does not happen again

Engage them in other activities Notify changes in advance Ensure any consequence is effective for

the individual Give them concise targets – no swearing

in class

ODDLanguage Allow passion in your voice but not

anger Prefix or suffix with “Thank you” Give two brief clear alternatives Allow them processing time Speak slowly and clearly but do not

embarrass them

ODDTips Praise where appropriate – make it

specific to them Pick your battles – choose what is

important Get in and out without confrontation Treat them as though they are excellent Start each lesson with a clean slate Don’t get distracted by secondary

behaviours

BEHAVIOUR THEORIESThere are many theories behind behaviour and how to deal with them.

We are going to look at: Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) Restorative Approach

ODDApplied Behaviour Analysis

Positive and negative reinforcementPositive and negative punishment

ABAPositive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement

Adding something to encourage the behaviour to continue.MoneyStarsFood

Removing something to encourage the behaviour to continueChores VegetablesBed time

Positive Punishment Negative punishment

Adding something to discourage the behaviourDetention HomeworkClean your room

Removing something to discourage the behaviourMoviePhone Time with friends

ODD

When have you used ABA?

RESTORATIVE APPROACHThe Restorative Approach is a way of repairing a situation where one person has emotionally or physically injured another person. It is for making, maintaining and repairing relationships and for fostering a sense of social responsibility and shared accountability. The outcome is designed to please both parties and enlighten each of them as to the other’s circumstances or plight. Both parties have an adjudicated meeting to listen and learn. It is possible for this to take the place of a punishment or sanction system.

RESTORATIVE APPROACHPunitive disciplinary responses: cause resentment rather than reflection are rarely considered fair do not repair relationships between

those in conflict and indeed can make them worse

leave those labelled as wrongdoers feeling bad about themselves leading to further alienation

can often leave those people expected to act punitively feeling uncomfortable and frustrated

RESTORATIVE APPROACHIt allows – a chance to tell their side of the story

and feel heard to understand better how the situation

happened to understand how it can be avoided

another time to feel understood by the others

involved to find a way to move on and feel better

about themselves

RESTORATIVE APPROACHThe Restorative script is - What happened? (What happened before that? What happened before that?)     What were you thinking (when it

happened)?     What do you think now?     Who’s been affected by this?     What needs to happen to put things

right?     What are you going to do differently next

time?What not why

ODD

Task:What strategies

can you useNOW