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DN
UP
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Circulation
Animal Habitat
Animal Habitat Support
Office / Admin
Teen Program
Cafe
Classroom
Flex / Event
Train
Support
Winter Solstice:~December 21 | 21° Solar Noon
Estimated Field Measurement Period:~February 2017 | 28°-37° Solar Noon
Summer Solstice:~June 20 | 68° Solar Noon
Solar Angles
Skylights (direct)
Clerestory (diffused|direct)
Light Shelf (diffused)
Offices
‘Nest’ Space
Classrooms/Lab
Flex/Auditorium
FamiliarizationSkill BuildingAnalysis
10/03
10/11
10/18
10/2010/21
11/03
11/11
12/01
Initial meeting with Opsis
Zoo site visit
In class Sefaira lesson
In class Sefaira lessonTeleconference Sefaira Strategies lesson
Fix Revit model
Meeting with PAE
Meeting with Opsis
Challenges
11/10 Import model to Sketchup
11/15 Trouble shoot Sketchup model
11/22 Rebuild Sketchup model
11/28 Analyze working Sketchup model11/29 Updated Revit model back from Sefaira
PSU Project Timeline
Overlit
Optimal
Underlit
Opsis Architecture:Heather Degrella, Steve Nelson, Jennie Cambier
Oregon Zoo:Brent Shelby
PAE:Rachel Wrublik
Sefaira:Hariharan Natarajan, Alyson Hallander
PSU School of Architecture:Kayla Anderson, Faith Lindner, Austin Zeitz
Program PlanCourtesy of Opsis Architecture
ClassroomssDA: 57%ASE: 2%
FlexsDA: 25%ASE: 1%
NestsDA: 97%ASE: 13%
OfficessDA: 37%ASE: 17%
Focal Program Points
Oregon Zoo Education Center | PSU Daylighting
Daylighting Estimation:The Education Center supports the Zoo’s mission to inspire respect for animals and action on behalf of the natural world. The theme “Small Things Matter” guides the visitor through exhibits that demonstrate how our daily actions make a difference in the legacy of a healthy planet - advancing the highest level of animal welfare, environmental literacy, and conservation science. PSU’s collaboration with Opsis was tasked with studying the post-occupancy energy use of this project and comparing real world measurement values against energy-modeled predictions. As the buildings will not be fully open and operational until February 2017 the focus of this fall term graduate course was to review daylighting projections using Sefaira as daylight analysis was not originally done as part of this project. This data would provide a baseline to compare against in field measurements taken in conjuction with other post-occupancy evaluation.
Methodology + Timeline:To create our synthetic daylight analysis we relied on the Sefaira plug-in for Revit and Sketchup. Opsis generously provided a trimed down copy of the final revit model of the project buildings, however as Sefaira is developed to be used more at the schematic level of the project it had issues with some of the more complex elements of the construction document level model. Fortunately we were able to collaborate with Sefaira staff directly to modify the existing model for energy use/daylighting analysis. It was crucial to get the revit model working as intended as part of next terms objective is to investigate the analysis strengths of sefaira strategies, a web specific app. As we were on a finite timeline, we also recreated the individual building models in sketchup exclusively for daylighting analysis.
Overlit | Underlit Annual Analysis:The overlit/underlit analysis of the existing design returns some expected outcomes such as the nest space having abundant access to light but also indicates some potential problem areas for daylighting. In particular the center of the classroom spaces in the east building and some of the offices at the far end of the west building seem to have less than ideal access to consistent daylight throughout the year. Overlit areas receive over 93 footcandles of direct light for more than 250 occupied hours per year.
Daylight Zones Annual Analysis:This is an overall look at the percentage of occupied hours where daylight illuminance excedes a set level at the work plane (2.79’ A.F.F.) averaged over the course of the year. The eastern building was analyzed with an illuminance target of 37 footcandles (school) and the western building used a target of 28 footcandles (office).
Daylight Factor Analysis:This is a look at the percentage of overall floor area where daylight is measured at the work plane (2.79’ A.F.F.). Combined the buildings have an average daylight factor of 1.79%, below the ideal range of 2-5%. This value is slightly better in most of our analysis areas due to the more comprehensive use of glazing but some locations, such as the western offices or deeper into the auditorium/flex spaces are still dim enough to require artificial light most of the time.
Daylight Zones | Summer Solstice (June 20) Analysis:Estimated maximum daylight exposure.
Possible Daylighting Strategies | Alternate Design Paths: These are three possible strategies we found that could have potentially addressed the simulated problem areas for daylighting in the utilized design.
Daylight Zones | Winter Solstice (December 21) Analysis:Estimated minimum daylight exposure.
Daylight Zones | Estimated Field Measurement Timeframe Analysis:Estimated daylight exposure during February 2017.
Baseline | Implemented Design:The education center is comprised of two buildings with collaborative but disparate program. The western “nest” building is home to a large exhibit space, insect zoo, workroom, flexible auditorium spaces, offices, event kitchen, and ancillary support spaces. The eastern building hosts a small public cafe, large public restrooms, and a series of classroom and lab spaces focused around use by youth groups at the zoo. Our digital analysis does not account for the following elements present in the actual structures: bird-safe glazing, finish material reflectivity, natural shading elements. These three elements create a focal points to gauge discrepencies between the synthetic and real world measurements.
Metrics Defined:sDA (Spatial Daylight Autonomy): describes how much of a space receives sufficient daylight. Specifically, it describes the percentage of floor area that receives at least 28 footcandles for at least 50% of the annual occupied hours.
ASE (Annual Sun Exposure): describes how much of space receives too much direct sunlight, which can cause visual discomfort (glare) or increase cooling loads. Specifically, ASE measures the percentage of floor area that receives at least 93 footcandles for at least 250 occupied hours per year.
DF (Daylight Factor): ratio of the light level inside a structure to the light level outside the structure. Defined as the illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane divided by the simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of overcast sky.
