CARBOHYDRATESOrganic Molecule #1

Sugars!!!

Some are sweet (simple carbs)

Some are not sweet (complex carbs…a.k.a starches)

Carbohydrates: What are they?

Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]

Organic – because it has C-H bonds)

Carbohydrates: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?

Monosaccharides◦(Simple Sugars)

Lipids: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?

This is Glucose!

1.Quick Energy

Carboydrates: What are the FUNCTIONS?

1. Simple Carbohydrates- Monosaccharides- Disaccharides

Lipids: What TYPES are there?

2. Complex Carbohydrates - polysaccharides

Which type of carbohydrate will provide the most energy?

Why?

1. Glucose – C6H12O6 - made by plants during photosynthesis

2. Cellulose – complex sugar in plant cell walls

3. Starch – complex stored sugar in plants4. Glycogen – complex stored sugar in

animals

Carbs: What are EXAMPLES?

Others…Sucrose – table sugarLactose - milk sugarFructose – fruit sugar

Humans: Glycogen is stored in liver cells

Plants: ◦Cellulose – (=fiber!!!) makes up cell walls of

plant cells◦Glucose – made in leaves◦Starch – stored in fruits, veges (potatoes!)

Carbs: WHERE are they located in living things?

Plant foods! 

Carbohydrates: What FOODS are they in?

Benedict’s – test for simple sugars

Iodine – test for starch

Carbs: How do you TEST for them in foods?

Carbohydrates are the main source of QUICK ENERGY

BIG IDEA:

LIPIDSOrganic Molecule #2

As we learn about Lipids, keep in mind how they are both SIMILAR and DIFFERENT from Carbohydrates.

LIPIDS: A Comparative Study

Fats!!!

Hydrophobic (“water fearing”) molecules that do not dissolve in water and have diverse functions

Lipids: What are they?

Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]

Organic – because it has C-H bonds)

Lipids: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?

Fatty Acids Glycerol

3 Fatty Acids + Glycerol = Lipid

Lipids: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?

1. Unsaturated Fats

- Come from plants: oils (liquid)

2. Saturated Fats

- Come from animals: fats (solid)

Lipids: What TYPES are there?

1.***Energy storage2. Forming the membrane around cells3. Give warmth and insulation to animals

(blubber)4. Provide waterproof coverings for plant

leaves.5. Hormones and vitamins

Lipids: What are the FUNCTIONS?

1. Fats come from animals)2. Oils (come from plants)3. Waxes: form water-proof coverings of

plant leaves4. Phospholipids (part of all cell

membranes)5. Steroids (like cholesterol)

Lipids: What are EXAMPLES?

Humans: Fat is stored in adipose cells; the body can store more lipids than carbohydrates

Plasma membranes (both plants and animals)

Waxes can form water-proof coverings of plant leaves

Lipids: WHERE are they located in living things?

Fats: lard, butter, mayonnaise (saturated, from animals)

Oils: vegetable oil, peanut oil (unsaturated, from plants)

 

Lipids: What FOODS are they in?

Brown paper bag test: lipids will leave a shiny translucent spot after any liquids have evaporated.

Lipids: How do you TEST for them in foods?

Lipids are the main source of STORED (long term) ENERGY

BIG IDEA:

ProteinsOrganic Compound #3

Carbon[C], Hydrogen [H]Oxygen [O]Nitrogen [N]

Organic – because it has C-H bonds)

Protein: What ELEMENTS (atoms) make up its structure?

Amino Acids

Proteins: What are the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers, subunits)?

There are 20 different amino acids!

1. Structural support in cell membranes and muscle tissue

2. Transport3. Regulate chemical reactions (enzymes)4. Act as chemical messengers (hormones)5. Protection (antibodies defend against

infections)

Proteins: What are the FUNCTIONS?

Proteins: What are some EXAMPLES?

1. Hemoglobin – carries oxygen on red blood cells

2. Insulin – regulates blood glucose

3. Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions

4. Antibodies – fight infections

Proteins: What FOODS are they in?

Lipids: How do you TEST for them in foods? Biurets Solution – turns from blue to

pink/purple

Blue Purple/Pink

Organic Molecule #4Nucleic Acids

Structure:

Elements/Atoms: C, H, O, N, P

(phosphorus)

Building Block (Monomer): Nucleotide◦ 3 parts of a nucleotide:

Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen base

Functions

1. To store and transmit (pass on) hereditary (genetic) information

2. To provide instructions for making proteins

Examples

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid