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Midterm Graphic Organizers KEY 2012.notebook 1 January 08, 2013 Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules: (All contain carbon ) (Do NOT contain carbon ) 1.) Carbohydrates: Quick source of energy 2.) Lipids: Long-term energy storage 3.) Proteins: Raw materials and enzyme action (catalysts) 4.) Nucleic Acids: Store DNA/RNA/Genetic Information 1.) Water: able to dissolve many substances because it is polar _ Has a high heat capacity 2.) Minerals: Help the body function in many ways -Potassium, sodium, iron, and magnesium are all examples 5.) Vitamins: Help the body function in many ways -A, C, D, and E are all examples

Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules: (Do NOT contain ...€¦ · Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules: (All contain carbon) (Do NOT contain carbon) 1.) Carbohydrates: Quick source

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Page 1: Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules: (Do NOT contain ...€¦ · Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules: (All contain carbon) (Do NOT contain carbon) 1.) Carbohydrates: Quick source

Midterm Graphic Organizers KEY 2012.notebook

1

January 08, 2013

Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules:(All contain carbon)

(Do NOT contain carbon)1.) Carbohydrates: Quick source of energy

2.) Lipids: Long-term energy storage

3.) Proteins: Raw materials and enzyme action (catalysts)

4.) Nucleic Acids: Store DNA/RNA/Genetic Information

1.) Water: able to dissolve many substances because it is

polar_Has a high heat capacity

2.) Minerals: Help the body function in many ways

-Potassium, sodium, iron, and magnesium are all examples

5.) Vitamins: Help the body functionin many ways

-A, C, D, and E are all examples

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January 08, 2013

Water has a pH of 7.  Anything below 7 is considered a ___________.  Anything above 7 is considered a ________________

(n) acidbase

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January 08, 2013

Cell Types Include

Examples Include:

All cells have:

Bacteria

Which NEVER Have:

2 major types we studied

are:

And often DO have:

Which have chloroplasts and a

cell wall

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

­cell membrane­ribosomes­cytoplasm­DNA

­nucleus­complex organelles

­flagella­pseudopodia­cillia

PlantAnimal

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January 08, 2013

Which ORGANELLE does each picture make you think of?

1.)  A brick wall is like the. . .because. . .

2.) An assembly line is like the. . .because. . .

3.) A solar panel is like the. . . because. . .

4.) A trash can is like the. . .because. . .

5.)  A power plant is like the. . .because. . .

6.) A bouncer is like the. . .because. . .

cell wall ­­ rigid barrier around plant cells

ER ­­ transports proteins made by cell

chloroplasts ­­ takes in sunlight and converts it to glucose (energy)

Lysosome ­­ it breaks down waste for the cell

mitochondria ­­ powerhouse where ATPis made

cell membrane ­ it is selectively permeable

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January 08, 2013

Photosynthesis 

Organisms who perform it:

Both Processes Occur In:

The relationship between the two processes is:

Organelle where it occurs:

Uses:

Releases:

Organisms who perform it:

Organelle where it occurs:

Cellular Respiration

Uses:

Releases:

Anaerobic resp produces (less/more) ATP because it does not use ________

(Aerobic Respiration)

Chemosynthesis is different.  Write its equation:

plants/autotrophs/producers

chloroplasts

carbon dioxide,water, andsunlight

glucose and oxygen

autotrophs and heterotrophs (producers and consumers)

mitochondria

glucose andoxygen

carbon dioxide,water, and ATP

plants/autotrophs/producers

the products of one process are the reactants of the other process

happens only in complete darkness by chemotrophs

water + inorganic compounds + carbon dioxide ­­> oxygen and glucose

oxygen

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January 08, 2013

Two Major Categories of Cell Transport

DiffusionOsmosis Facilitated

Diffusion

Concentration Gradient

(Against)(With)

Movement of _particles_ across the cellmembrane

Examples include:food coloring in beakers, salt and sugar movement in cells

Movement of water across the cellmembrane

Concentration Gradient

­­Requires _____ created by mitochondria as its source of energy

­­Moves substances from ______ to ______ concentration

hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink because water leaves the cell

hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell because water enters the cell

isotonic solutions have reached equilibrium with the cell

ActivePassive

Think "AAA" ­ Active Transport is Against the Gradient and requires ATP

low high

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January 08, 2013

Minerals

Needed in trace (small) amounts Ex. sodium, potassium, 

Prokaryotes

Ex. bacteria ­ cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes (all cells have these)Also has a cell wall and NO nucleusMay have movement structures like flagella (whip tail), cilia (small hairs) or psuedopodia (false foot)

Eukaryotes

Ex. yeast­ it has single celled but has a nucleus and organelles.

Biomolecules

Cell membrane­ made up of lipidsCell wall­ made up of celluloseDNA­ store genetic information and information on making proteinsEnzyme activity will decrease if pH or temperature is too low or too high. The will denature (be destroyed) at high temperatures.  Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH. This is unique to each enzyme.

Cell Structure

Mitochondria ­ releases energy and uses oxygen to do it (cellular respiration)It makes ATP and delivers it to cells.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Plants use light as their energy source.Cell wall is made of celluloseThe bubbles produced by plants in water are oxygenThe chloroplast produces oxygen gas.Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and makes the most ATPAnerobic does not use oxygen and produces MUCH less ATPExercise causes the body to produce more carbon dioxide because your doing more cellular respiration to make ATP.Bacteria living in the ABSENCE of light makes its' food using inorganic compounds (chemosynthesis)..

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January 08, 2013

Cell Structure

­If the mitochondria gets damaged then it can't make and release ATP.­Cell membrane is directly involved in transport. All substances wither entering or exiting the cell must pass through it.

Osmosis and Diffusion­salt, sugar, CO2 and oxygen move through diffusion­WATER moves through osmosis­Freshwater organism in salt water will shrink as water will leave its' cells.­Saltwater organism in freshwater will swell as water will enter its' cells.­Water moves from high to low concentration.

Body Systems­Excretory ­ eliminates waste ( through bowels or skin by sweating)­Circulatory­ delivers oxygen to cells, tissue and organs. It works with the resspiratory system.

Body Systems continuedHormones work with positive and negative feedback to deliver chemical messages to the body.Muscular system works with the nervous system to contract muscles.Hormones are chemical messengers

Scientific methodControl­ gets no treatment ( You compare the experimental group to it.Constant­ something that stays the same ( amount of light, amount of water)What is the difference between 1 x 105 and 1 x 103.  It would be 1 x 10­2

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January 08, 2013