Organic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic Review

organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon

hydrocarbon

Which type of hydrocarbons are saturated

Single bonded hydrocarbons

Which types of hydrocarbons are unsaturated

Double or triple bonded carbons

Which are more reactive chemically, saturated hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

unsaturated

What is the standard formula of a alkane

CnH2n+2

What is the standard formula of a alkene

CnH2n

What is the standard formula of a alkyne

CnH2n-2

What is the ending for a double bonded hydrocarbon?

ene

What is the ending for a single bonded hydrocarbon?

ane

What is the ending for a triple bonded hydrocarbon?

yne

What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?

Anoic acid

What is the ending for a ketone

one

What is the ending for an aldehyde?

al

What is the ending for a ether

oxy

What is the ending for an ester

anoate

What is the ending for an alcohol

ol

What is the beginning for a 7 carbon chain?

hept

What is the beginning for a 9 carbon chain?

non

What is the beginning for a 3 carbon chain?

prop

What is the beginning for a 4 carbon chain?

but

What is the beginning for a 5 carbon chain?

pent

What is the beginning for a 2 carbon chain?

eth

What is the beginning for a 6 carbon chain?

hex

What is the beginning for a 1 carbon chain?

meth

What is the beginning for a 8 carbon chain?

oct

What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?

Anoic acid

What is the ending for a alcohol?

ol

What type of reaction will unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo that saturated hydrocarbons will not?

Addition reactions

. Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction + Cl2

.What type of chemical reaction do all hydrocarbons undergo

combustion

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethane

Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction

+ 2 Br2

How does the length of the carbon chain effect the melting points and boiling points of hydrocarbons?

The longer the carbon chain the higher the melting and boiling points.

Which of the following would you expect to have the highest boiling point?

(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (2) CH4

(3) CH3CH3

(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Are hydrocarbons soluble in water? Why or why not?

They are not soluble in water as they are non-polar.

What are isomers?

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different molecular

structure. The double or triple bond will be in a different location

Which of the following pairs represents pairs of isomers?

CH2CH

CH3 CH3

CH

CH2

CH2CH

CH2

CH3CH3CH

CH

CH3

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - propane

alkane

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -

alkene

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - ethyne

alkyne

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -

alkyne

Name the following -

3 - nonyne

Name the following -

ethene

CH2

CH2

Name the following -

2 butyne

CH3CC CH3

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - butane

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 1 – hexene

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 2 – pentyne

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - ethyne

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 4- nonene

Why is no number used in the names “ethene” and “propene”?

There is only one place you can put the double bond for both molecules.

Why is the name 3 - pentyne incorrect?

It would be 2 pentyne as you always have to name using the smallest hydrocarbon

chain.

Describe and explain the relationship between the sizes of hydrocarbon molecules and their boiling points.

The longer the hydrocarbon molecule the higher the melting and boiling point.

is a method used to separate the components of petroleumIt involves the process of distillation, making use of the differences in boiling points of the different hydrocarbons.

fractional distillation

To make fuels better for internal combustion engines straight chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter branched chain hydrocarbons

process of cracking

a particular combination of atoms that contributes to the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance

functional group

What type of functional group does an alcohol contain

OH (hydroxyl) group

Give the physical properties of alcohols

• polar• higher melting and boiling points

the alkanes of similar chain length• longer the carbon chain is the

higher the boiling point will be

Write the equation for the complete combustion of methanol.

2CH3OH + 3O2 ===> 2CO2 + 4H2O

Name the - CH3CH2OH

ethanol

Name - CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

2 - butenol

Name - CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH) CH2 CH2CH3

4 - heptanol

Draw the structural formula for - 1 – propanol

Draw the structural formula for - ethanol

Draw the structural formula for –, 1 - hexanol

What type of functional group does an ether

contain?

R – O - R

. Explain why methanol has a higher melting point than methane.

It contains an hydroxyl so is polar and forms hydrogen bonds and will

therefore take more energy to split the bonds thus causing an higher

melting point.

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point.1 – pentanol, decane, 1 – decanol, pentane

Pentane, 1-pentanol,decane, decanol

Consider the following two compounds:

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.Which is an ether and which

is an alcohol• CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol

• CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether

Which will evaporate at the lower temperature

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.

CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether

Which has the higher solubility in a polar solvent - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or

CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol

What type of functional group does a carboxylic acid

have?

COOH

What type of chemical reaction is common for

carboxylic acids

Esterfication and neutralization reactions.

What is the functional group for an ester?

What are the products and the reactants in an

esterification reaction?

Alcohols + Carboxylic acid -- ester

. What is the most distinctive property of

esters?

The have a very strong odor.

What are esters commonly used for?

Cleaning solutions

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Using water to break down a compounds into smaller parts.

What is the functional group for ketones

What is the functional group for aldehydes

Draw the structure of butanal.

Draw the structure for 2-pentanone.

What is a plastic?

synthetic (man made) polymer

What are large molecules that are

formed by linking many small molecules together

called:

polymer

A molecule that is able to bond in long chains.

monomer

What is the difference between an addition

polymer and a condensation polymer? Give an example

of each

addition polymers the monomers will contain one or more multiple bonds that can undergo addition reactions.

condensation reaction water is a product