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ORGANIZATION&
ACTIVITIES 2003
HEUNIThe European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control,
affiliated with the United Nations
Table of contents
FROM THE DIRECTOR 7
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 11
1.1. The United Nations Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice Programme 11
1.2. The functions of HEUNI 13
1.3. Organisation and financing 14
2. HEUNI ACTIVITIES IN 2003 AND THE 2004WORK PROGRAMME 18
2.1. The framework for HEUNI activities 18
2.2. Projects and tasks 182.2.1. Projects based either on the policy decisions of
the United Nations Commission on Crime Preventionand Criminal Justice, or on the United Nations CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice Programme 19
2.2.2. Regionally and temporally relevant other projects 262.2.3. Other tasks of crime policy relevancy 292.2.4. Assistance-type tasks requiring considerable
resources 30
2.3. Participation in international meetings in 2003 33
3. BUDGET 39
ANNEX List of HEUNI publications 43
3
FROM THE DIRECTOR
From the Director
In 2003, the projects of HEUNI primarily focused on four themes:violence against women, the United Nations Surveys on CrimeTrends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, trafficking inhuman beings, and the use and application of the United Nationsstandards and norms.
The year saw activities in research, training, information dissemi-nation and technical assistance. The research project on prisons inCentral and Eastern Europe was completed, and a paper on traf-ficking in human beings in Europe published. Also, the HEUNIcountry profile (Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica) series grew by three volumes. Furthermore, HEUNIacted as a co-publisher in a second book on cross-border crime(the first volume came out in 2002)
HEUNI has continued to pay particular attention to further pro-moting co-operation between the United Nations Crime Preven-tion and Criminal Justice Programme, the Council of Europe, theEuropean Union, and other entities in the field in Europe. Exam-ples of such activities range from participation in a Council of Eu-rope expert group on organised crime and other Council of Europeactivities to being co-organiser of the third annual Conference ofthe European Society of Criminology in Helsinki, Finland. Fur-thermore, a particular Nordic dimension has flavoured the work ofHEUNI in 2001-2003, as 2003 was the third and last year that Ichaired the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology, aco-operation organ of the Nordic Ministries of Justice.
All HEUNI staff members wish to express their warmest gratitudeto the HEUNI consultants, and to our partners in co-operationthroughout Europe and North America.
Helsinki, 29 February 2004
Kauko Aromaa, Director
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GENERAL INFORMATION
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. THE UNITED NATIONS CRIME PREVENTIONAND CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMME
In accordance with Article 55 of the United Nations Charter, oneof the main functions of the United Nations is to lay the basis forstability and well-being in the world. For this reason the UnitedNations is specifically charged with the promotion of, inter alia,
• higher standards of living, full employment and conditions ofeconomic and social progress and development;
• solutions to international economic, social, health and relatedproblems and international cultural and educationalcooperation; and
• universal respect for, and observance of, human rights andfundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race,sex, language or religion.
The problems of crime and criminal justice cut across all of theseareas. Within the United Nations system, the primary responsibil-ity for these issues lies with the Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC). Within the Secretariat, they constitute the mandate ofthe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) CrimeProgramme (until October 2000 the United Nations Centre for In-ternational Crime Prevention, CICP), although specific issues arealso covered, inter alia, by the Centre for Human Rights and theUnited Nations International Drug Control Programme.
The policy is formulated by the United Nations Commission onCrime Prevention and Criminal Justice, which is a functional com-mission of ECOSOC. The Commission was established by Gen-eral Assembly resolution 46/152 of 18 December 1991 as part of amajor restructuring of the United Nations Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice Programme. It consists of 40 Member States, andmeets once a year.
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At its tenth session in 2001, the Commission pronounced the fol-lowing as priority themes for the United Nations Programme (inthe form of plans of action for the implementation of the ViennaDeclaration on Crime and Justice, emanating from the resolutionadopted by the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Preventionof Crime and the Treatment of Offenders the previous year):(i) Action against transnational organized crime;(ii) Action against corruption;(iii) Action against trafficking in persons;(iv) Action against smuggling of migrants;(v) Action against the illicit manufacturing of and
trafficking in firearms, their parts and components andammunition;
(vi) Action against money-laundering;(vii) Action against terrorism;(viii) Action on crime prevention;(ix) Action on witnesses and victims of crime;(x) Action on prison overcrowding and alternatives to
incarceration;(xi) Action against high-technology and computer-related
crime;(xii) Action on juvenile justice;(xiii) Action on the special needs of women in the criminal
justice system;(xiv) Action on standards and norms;(xv) Action on restorative justice.
The Commission has also noted the need to make provision forspecial operational activities and advisory services in situations ofurgent need and for programme organization, evaluation and re-porting obligations.
In order to promote training, research and regional cooperation,the United Nations has established a network of interregional andregional institutes. In addition to the UNODC Crime Programmeand the European link, HEUNI, the network includes a global re-search and training centre in Turin, Italy (UNICRI, the United Na-tions Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute), regionalinstitutes for Asia and the Pacific (UNAFEI, located in Tokyo, Ja-pan), Latin America and the Caribbean region (ILANUD, in San
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José, Costa Rica), Africa (UNAFRI, in Kampala, Uganda), andthe Arab countries (NAASS, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), and globalcentres in Vancouver, Canada (the International Centre for Crimi-nal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy), Siracusa, Italy (theInternational Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences),Montreal, Canada (the International Centre for the Prevention ofCrime), and Lund, Sweden (the Raoul Wallenberg Institute for Hu-man Rights). In addition, the Australian Institute of Criminology(Canberra) and the National Institute of Justice (Department of Jus-tice, United States of America), both of which have their own na-tional functions, have assumed an active role in the network.
1.2. THE FUNCTIONS OF HEUNI
The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affili-ated with the United Nations (HEUNI) is the regional Europeanlink in the network of institutes operating within the framework ofthe United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeProgramme. HEUNI was established through an Agreement be-tween the United Nations and the Government of Finland signedon 23 December 1981 and extended on 14 April 1987.
The primary objective of HEUNI is to promote the internationalexchange of information on crime prevention and control amongEuropean countries. The frame of reference is given by the UnitedNations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, asdetermined by the United Nations Commission on Crime Preven-tion and Criminal Justice, although mandates are also received di-rectly from the countries serviced by HEUNI.
HEUNI carries out a range of activities. The most important ofthese are:• the organization of seminars and expert group meetings on
crime and criminal justice issues of relevance to theEuropean countries,
• assistance in the provision of technical assistance on request,• the conducting of research, and• the collection and dissemination of information on matters
falling within its competence.
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In carrying out its main functions, HEUNI has organized a numberof major seminars as well as smaller expert meetings on specificthemes. The technical assistance projects involve, for example, theprovision of expertise or the organization of training. HEUNI’s re-search projects are carried out either independently or in coopera-tion with other institutions and individual researchers.
The topics of the seminars, the meetings of experts and the re-search projects are selected on the basis of two primary criteria, (1)the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeProgramme and (2) the issues of priority for the European region.HEUNI has given considerable attention to the needs of the coun-tries in Central and Eastern Europe.
HEUNI has also assisted the United Nations Secretariat in thedrafting of various documents for submission to the policy-mak-ing bodies of the United Nations, including the Commission andthe quinquennial United Nations Congresses on Crime Preventionand Criminal Justice. Similarly, HEUNI has been active behindthe scenes in developing the United Nations structure for interna-tional cooperation, and in assisting the Commission with its work.
In the collection and dissemination of information, HEUNI seeksto serve as a clearing house in identifying, for interested govern-ments, institutions and individual experts, sources of informationon recent developments in crime, criminal justice and criminalpolicy throughout Europe. HEUNI is connected with institutes,government agencies and experts around the world, inter alia,through the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime web site(www.unodc.org/unodc/crime_cicp_uncjin_institutes.html) orthrough the HEUNI web site (www.heuni.fi/12589.htm).
1.3. ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING
The administrative responsibility for HEUNI lies with the Gov-ernment of Finland. All members of the staff are Finnish govern-ment officials. In accordance with article 2 of the Agreement,HEUNI operates under the joint auspices of the United Nationsand the Government of Finland. At the beginning of 2004, thefull-time staff of HEUNI is as follows:
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Director Mr Kauko Aromaa, M.Sc. (Soc.)
Senior Researcher Mr Seppo Leppä, M.Sc. (Soc.)
Senior Programme Officers Mr Mika Junninen, M.Sc. (Soc.)
Ms Terhi Viljanen, LL.M.
Administrative Assistant Ms Jaana Ryan
Project Secretary Ms Aili Takalo
Senior Programme Officer Natalia Ollus was granted a leave ofabsence from 15 July 2003 onwards to accept another vacancy (as-sociate expert, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Re-gional Office for Southern Africa). She was substituted by MrSami Nevala from 1 August to 30 September 2003. From 1 Janu-ary to 31 July 2003 and again from 1 October to 31 December2003 Mr Nevala acted as a research officer on a part-time basis,working, i.a. with the International Violence Against Women Sur-vey, the organization of the annual conference of the European So-ciety of Criminology, and editing the subsequent reports.
In addition to the regular HEUNI staff, several HEUNI projectshave been conducted by specially commissioned consultants, whoare among the leading practitioners and/or researchers in theirfield. The ad hoc experts and consultants during 2003 were:
• Ms Anneli Aunola, Helsinki Police Department, Finland(police training),
• Mr Károly Bárd, Central European University, Budapest,Hungary (sixth survey),
• Mr Adam Bouloukos, ODC/UNOV (sixth survey),• Mr Dennis Cooley, Law Commission, Ottawa, Canada
(standards and norms),• Ms Carolyn Hamilton, University of Essex, Colchester,
United Kingdom (standards and norms),• Mr Gregory Howard, Western Michigan University, USA
(sixth survey),• Mr Hans Ihrman, Prosecutor’s Office, Stockholm, Sweden
(trafficking workshop at the 2003 session of the Commission),• Mr Matti Joutsen, Ministry of Justice, Finland (sixth
survey),
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• Mr Ralph Krech, Genalysis GmbH, Lückenwalde, Germany(standards and norms),
• Mr Martti Lehti, National Research Institute of Legal Policy,Finland (trafficking workshop at the 2003 session of theCommission),
• Ms Morag MacDonald, University of Central England,Birmingham, United Kingdom (health care in prisons, drugservices in prisons),
• Ms Patricia Mayhew, Australian Institute of Criminology,Australia (sixth survey),
• Mr Leo Nyqvist, University of Turku, Finland (policetraining),
• Mr Nicolas Roggo, ICRC, Geneva, Switzerland (standardsand norms),
• Mr Roy Walmsley, United Kingdom (prisons in Central andEastern Europe, standards and norms),
• Mr Elmar Weitekamp, Catholic University of Leuven,Belgium (sixth survey).
The international Advisory Board of HEUNI serves as an impor-tant link with the United Nations and the various regions of Eu-rope. The Chairman of the Advisory Board and four of its mem-bers are appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nationsafter consultation with the Government of Finland. Four membersof the Board, including the Director of HEUNI, are appointed bythe Government of Finland. The Director of the Division forTreaty Affairs of the UNODC, or another staff member designatedby him, participates ex officio in all deliberations of the AdvisoryBoard.
The members of the Advisory Board are appointed for a period offive years. The term beginning on 1 January 2003 will end on 31December 2007.
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In the beginning of 2004, the composition of the Board was as fol-lows:• Mr Fredrik Wersäll, Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden
(Chairperson),• Mr Károly Bárd, Professor, Central European University,
Hungary,• Mr Vasily P. Ignatov, Assistant on International Affairs of
the Head of the Moscow University of the Ministry of theInterior, Russian Federation,
• Ms Gloria Laycock, Director, The Jill Dando Institute ofCrime Science, School of Public Policy, University CollegeLondon, United Kingdom,
• Mr Gioacchino Polimeni, Counsellor, Ministry of Justice,Italy
• Mr Eduardo Vetere, Director, Division for Treaty Affairs,UNODC (ex officio member),
• Mr Matti Joutsen, Director of International Affairs, Ministryof Justice, Finland,
• Ms Pirkko Lahti, Executive Director, Finnish Association forMental Health, Finland,
• Mr Raimo Lahti, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland,• Mr Kauko Aromaa, Director, HEUNI (ex officio member).
The 2003 annual meeting of the Advisory Board was held on 27September 2003, in Helsinki.
The budgetary responsibility for HEUNI lies with the Governmentof Finland. The Government of Finland covers the costs of the pre-mises of HEUNI, the salary of the staff members as well as the ma-jor part of the costs of carrying out the programme of activities.
The Agreement encourages the Governments of the countries ser-viced by HEUNI to participate in, and support the activities of theInstitute. For example, the Government of Sweden has provided an-nual support in the form of earmarked contributions to the UnitedNations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Fund. The contribu-tions have been utilized to finance earmarked international coopera-tion projects, in particular to secure the services of the ad hoc ex-perts, consultants and project coordinators appointed by HEUNI.
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2. HEUNI ACTIVITIES IN 2003AND THE 2004 WORKPROGRAMME
2.1. THE FRAMEWORK FOR HEUNIACTIVITIES
HEUNI’s activities during 2003 continued to be dominated by theorganization of expert meetings, the conduct of various projectsand the dissemination of information. At the same time HEUNIsought to strengthen the ties between the work of the United Na-tions and other intergovernmental organizations, such as the Euro-pean Union and the Council of Europe, in this field.
The continuous focus on the Central and Eastern European coun-tries, on one hand, and with the European Union and the Councilof Europe, on the other, will have a marked effect on the workprogramme of the Institute also during 2004.
2.2. PROJECTS AND TASKS
In the following, HEUNI’s projects and tasks are grouped accord-ing to the following categorization: 2.2.1. projects based either onthe policy decisions of the United Nations Commission on CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice, or on the United Nations CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice Programme, 2.2.2. regionally andtemporarily relevant other projects, 2.2.3. other tasks of crime pol-icy relevancy, and 2.2.4. assistance-type tasks requiring consider-able resources.
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2.2.1. Projects based either on the policy decisions ofthe United Nations Commission on CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice, or on theUnited Nations Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice Programme
(i) Survey on violence against women
Activities during 2003: the planning of the International ViolenceAgainst Women Survey (IVAWS) was initiated in 1997, whenHEUNI, together with a number of international experts in thefield started developing a comparative and standardized surveytool for measuring violence against women world-wide. In 2003,full-fledged IVAWS studies were carried out in Australia, CostaRica, Czech Republic, Greece and Switzerland, with national fi-nancing. Also the Swedish Ministry of Justice has provided fund-ing for this project during the year.
2004 work programme: the IVAWS project includes some 30countries from all continents. Denmark, Italy, Mozambique andPoland will commence their full-fledged studies during the firsthalf of 2004 on a self-funded basis apart from the survey in Mo-zambique which is supported by the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme and which is being carried out under the co-ordinationof the UNODC Regional Office for Southern Africa. Other coun-tries may follow with surveys later in 2004, depending on avail-able funding. During the year the national datasets will be col-lected, processed and the work on a comparative analysis of the re-sults will be started. Completion of the analysis with a compara-tive report is planned for 2005.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: by the end of2005.
(ii) 6th United Nations survey on crime trends andoperations of criminal justice systems
Activities during 2003: work on the report comprising the compar-ative analysis of the data from the Sixth United Nations Survey(1995-1997) was finalised by early autumn and the report was
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published as no. 40 in the HEUNI Publication Series later in theyear. The Swedish Ministry of Justice has provided part of thefunding for the project.
Project status: completed.
(iii) 7th and 8th United Nations surveys on crime trendsand operations of criminal justice systems
Activities during 2003: during the second half of 2002 a surveywas conducted among a group of international experts in the fieldof international crime surveys with a view of learning about poten-tial new ways to process and analyse this type of survey data.Planning concerning the actual approach as regards the analysisand reporting of the 7th and 8th survey responses was initiatedduring the second half of 2003.
2004 work programme: validation of the national responses re-ceived by the UNODC will start during the first half of 2004, par-allel to exploring ways and means to report production.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: to be deter-mined.
(iv) Trafficking in human beings in European Unionmember states
Activities during 2003: in 2001-2002 trafficking in human beingsin three European Union member states, namely Finland, Italy andSpain, was analysed within the framework of an EU financed pro-ject (STOP I) with Transcrime (Italy) in the lead. HEUNI and theNational Research Institute of Legal Policy were the Finnish part-ners. An English language version of the report presenting theFinnish results was published in the HEUNI publications series atthe end of 2002. A joint report has been published by Transcrime.Negotiations with the EU were conducted during 2003 with theaim of launching a second stage (STOP II) of the project.
2004 work programme: the project has received funding and is tobe launched with a kick-off meeting in early 2004. STOP II is en-visaged to comprise all 15 EU member states.
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Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion by the end of2004.
(v) Law enforcement and domestic violence
Activities during 2003: a three-day training course on the preven-tion and control of domestic violence in Estonia, in cooperationwith local law enforcement authorities, was organised on 18-20February in Tartu, Estonia. The participants included patrollingpolice officers, investigators as well as social workers, doctors/hospital workers, prosecutors, and judges. The course applied amulti-agency approach. This was the second course of its kindheld in Estonia. Previous courses have also been organized in Lith-uania (1997) and in Poland (1998).
A delegation of six Estonian enforcement officers in the field ofcombating domestic violence visited the Helsinki region on astudy tour in October 2003, meeting several relevant Finnish au-thorities. Financing for the Estonian and Polish courses and thestudy tour has been provided by the Department of State of theUnited States.
2004 work programme: an evaluation report on the first coursewhich was convened in Tallinn in 2001, and on the second course,will be presented during the year. The evaluation will also lookinto the needs for further training activities.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion by the end of2004.
(vi) Prisons in Central and Eastern Europe; revisited afterfive years
Activities during 2003: the study, conducted by the British expert,Mr Roy Walmsley and covering some twenty countries of the re-gion, focuses on possible changes since the mid 1990s in the orga-nizational structure of the prison system, legislation in respect ofthe code for the enforcement of penalties, the current state of prog-ress in key areas affecting the quality of adherence to the EuropeanPrison Rules, the most pressing current concerns, and the extent
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and nature of foreign technical assistance. During the year previ-ously analysed data and information have been prepared for pub-lishing in the form of a HEUNI report, which was published as no.41 in the Publication Series of the Institute at the end of the year.The project has been carried out with the support of the Home Of-fice, United Kingdom, and the Swedish Ministry of Justice, re-spectively.
Project status: completed.
(vii) Health care in prisons: an in-depth study of theexisting health strategies operating in three Central andEastern European countries
Activities during 2003: the project was originally initiated in Oc-tober 2000 in close co-operation with the previous project. Thefirst report was published in 2001. During 2002 further informa-tion gathering missions were conducted, resulting in 2003 in a re-port manuscript aiming to audit the services operating in the areaof health within prisons in three CEE countries, and to relate theprovision of services to current European and world health guide-lines and strategies in this field. The report was published in theHEUNI Papers series in autumn 2003. The study was carried outby Ms Morag MacDonald, researcher at the University of CentralEngland, Birmingham, UK. The Swedish Ministry of Justice hasprovided funding for this project.
Project status: completed.
(viii) Drug services in the prisons of the Central andEastern European countries
Activities during 2003: HEUNI is participating as a partner in anEU-funded project commenced in January 2003 looking at drugservices in prisons of the EU accession countries (CEENDSP).The aim of the project is to enable effective strategies to beadopted in preventing drug dependence and related risks (includ-ing HIV and other blood-borne viruses) among prisoners and drugusers within the criminal justice systems throughout Central andEastern Europe. To achieve this, the aim is to carry out research, to
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create a database of practitioners and policy makers working withdrug dependency in prisons, to facilitate dialogue and to integratethe policy makers and NGOs into the activities of the EuropeanNetwork of Drug Services in Prison. The project has been initiatedby Cranstoun Drug Services (United Kingdom) and the partnersalso include a number of NGOs and prison services in the targetcountries.
HEUNI’s role is a consultative one, together with the University ofCentral England, which is providing the scientific coordinator, MsMorag MacDonald, for the project. This project and the abovementioned HEUNI study on health care in prisons are envisaged tocomplement one another.
2004 work programme:
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion by end of 2004.
(ix) Guidebook on prison health
2004 work programme: the WHO Regional Office for Europe isinitiating preparations for a guide on prison health issues with rel-evance and interest to all prison staff and also to policy makers. Aworkshop on prison health aspects and the first editorial meetingof the handbook will be convened in Zakopane, Poland, on 18-22February 2004. HEUNI participates as a partner.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion in mid-2005.
(x) Use and application of the United Nations standardsand norms
Activities during 2003: following a United Nations meeting of ex-perts, convened in Burg Stadtschlaining, Austria, 9 - 12 February2003, which discussed the use and application of the United Na-tions standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal jus-tice, it was suggested, i.a. that the standards and norms should inthe future be reviewed in clusters, as many of them include relatedelements. Accordingly, a proposal was made to create four clus-ters, of which first priority would be given to the one dealing withjuvenile justice and prison reform, including alternatives to im-
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prisonment and restorative justice. In co-operation with theUNODC, HEUNI organized a small expert group meeting in Hel-sinki on 7–8 March 2003 to draft an instrument to collect relevantand timely information from the member states on these issues. Afurther meeting of the experts was convened in Vienna on 23 Junein order to finalise the draft. Financing for the project has been pro-vided by the Department of State of the United States.
2004 work programme: the draft instrument will be further devel-oped in a third meeting of the expert group, and discussed in moredetail at a meeting of an Intergovernmental Expert Group on 23-25March in Vienna, and the Commission on Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice, at its 13th session in May, will decide on the fu-ture proceeding of the project.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: to be deter-mined.
(xi) Promotion of criminal justice reform and thestrengthening of legal institutions in the RussianFederation
2004 work programme: preliminary discussions on three specificprojects to be carried out together with Russian authorities havebeen conducted. The three subprojects in question are:
(i) corruption in the judiciary - the idea is to initiate a minor pilotstudy project in the Karelian republic jointly with the Law Acad-emy of the Karelian republic;
(ii) translation into Russian and adaptation of the International In-strument on Prison Policy Development to Russian circumstances- dissemination of information on the issue will be advanced by theorganisation of seminars for Russian prison administration au-thorities in co-operation with the International Centre for Crimi-nal Law Reform & Criminal Justice Policy (Vancouver, Canada),the National Prison Staff Training College of Finland, and theAcademy of Law of the Russian Ministry of Justice (the RyazanInstitute);
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(iii) presentation of the concept “social work in prison” by design-ing expert seminars on the theme and by producing training mate-rials together with the National Prison Staff Training College ofFinland and the Academy of Law of the Russian Ministry of Jus-tice (the Ryazan Institute). A planning meeting will be held in Fin-land during the first half of 2004.
The projects will be carried out with financial support of the Swed-ish Ministry of Justice.
Project status: initiated. Scheduled completion: to be determined.
(xii) 2003 and 2004 sessions of the United NationsCommission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Activities during 2003: PNI (the Programme Network Institutes),HEUNI among them, organised during the 12th session of theCommission a workshop on “Trafficking in Human Beings, Espe-cially Women and Children”. The Rapporteur’s Report was pub-lished as an annex to the Autumn 2003 issue of the HEUNI News-letter.
2004 work programme: plans are developed by the PNI to holdduring the 2004 session of the Commission a workshop on “TheRule of Law and Development: Contributions of the OperationalActivities in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice”. The role ofHEUNI in this context will be that of a co-organizer, together withthe ICCLR&CJP and UNICRI.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: summer 2004.
(xiii) The Eleventh United Nations Congress on thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders
2004 work programme: HEUNI has offered to assist, togetherwith ISISC (the International Institute of Higher Studies in Crimi-nal Sciences) the UNODC in the preparations of one of the sixworkshops at the 11th Congress on Crime Prevention and Crimi-nal Justice, to be convened in 2005. The workshop is entitled “En-hancing international law enforcement cooperation, including ex-tradition measures”.
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Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: summer 2005.
2.2.2. Regionally and temporally relevant otherprojects
(i) Council of Europe expert group on organized crime inEurope
Activities during 2003: a staff member of the Institute has partici-pated in the work of the expert group (PC-S-CO). Confidential an-nual situational reports, to be released later, and best practice re-ports have been delivered to the Council of Europe. By the end of2003, the annual report for 2002 was finalised. Furthermore, fourbest practice surveys were finalised on cross-border cooperationin the combating of organised crime, on preventive legal measuresagainst organised crime, on cooperation against trafficking in hu-man beings, and on effectiveness of provisions on membership incriminal organisation.
2004 work programme: The Council of Europe is currently re-structuring its activities regarding this dimension.
Project status: in progress. As the present mandate expired at theend of 2003, the work is proposed to be continued under the um-brella of the OCTOPUS programme of the Council of Europe.
(ii) The European Sourcebook on Crime and CriminalJustice
Activities during 2003: a parallel activity to the United Nationscrime surveys (see project 2.2.1/iii supra). A staff member ofHEUNI has continued to participate in the deliberations of theSourcebook team as an expert. The second edition of theSourcebook was published late 2003.
2004 work programme: as before. The Institute is also prepared toprovide some material support to the project.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: to be deter-mined.
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(iii) European Society of Criminology
Activities during 2003: HEUNI decided to act as one of the localorganizers of the 2003 ESC annual conference. Preparations wereinitiated in 2002 together with the Scandinavian Research Councilfor Criminology and the Department of Criminal Law, ProceduralLaw and General Jurisprudential Studies of the University of Hel-sinki. The conference website was opened at www.eurocrim 2003.com. The third annual conference was held in Helsinki, Finland,27–30 August 2003.
As an outcome of the ESC conference, HEUNI started the work onediting two publications: a selection of papers relating to orga-nized crime and corruption, and a collection of the plenary paperspresented at the conference.
In 2003, the Institute also offered to design and operationalise aweb site for the Society. The purpose of the site is to provide infor-mation on the society and to serve as a forum for the society’s sci-entific working groups. Planning of the structure of the site and itscontents, and assessment of potential service providers was con-ducted by the end of 2003.
2004 work programme: the reports will be published as a volumein the HEUNI Publication Series during the first half of the year.The web site will be ready in January 2004 after which a HEUNIstaff member will be working as the webmaster of the site until theSociety has appointed a permanent secretariat to take over thetask, presumably during the second half of 2004.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: by the end of2004.
(iv) Nordic-Baltic campaign against trafficking in women
Activities during 2003: a HEUNI staff member participated as anexpert in the international working group of the Nordic Council ofMinisters’ information and education campaign to prevent traf-ficking in women in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries. TheInstitute also participated in the national Finnish working groupand the Finnish national campaign against trafficking in women.The Nordic-Baltic campaign was closed by summer 2003.
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Project status: completed.
(v) Crime proofing
Activities during 2003: a HEUNI staff member participated as anexpert in the steering group of the European Union crime proofingproject. The aim of the work is to help in achieving the followinggoals: to develop mechanisms for crime proofing of legislation,products, services and systems, to produce pilots of implementa-tion in different markets, and to adjust the mechanisms designedover time. The Swedish Ministry of Justice has provided fundingfor this project.
2004 work programme: work on the pilot projects and on fine-tun-ing the evaluative instruments will continue at least during the firsthalf of the year.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: to be deter-mined.
(vi) Finnish professional criminals and their organisationsin the 1990’s cross-border criminality
2004 work programme: this is a study on Finnish professionalcriminals and their organisations in Finland and in cross-bordercrime operations. It is based on qualitative empirical material ex-amining 14 selected Finnish groups (21 interviewed persons) ac-tive in the 1990’s in smuggling (alcohol, tobacco and drugs), pro-curing prostitutes, and handling stolen goods. An edited version ofthis doctoral thesis will be published in the Publication Series ofthe Institute during the second half of 2004.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: by the end of2004.
(vii) Trafficking in persons and peacekeeping operations
2004 work programme: the Institute participates as a partner in anEU-funded project initiated by UNICRI (United Nations Interre-gional Crime and Justice Research Institute) entitled: “Traffickingin Persons and Peacekeeping Operations: building up knowledge
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and strategies for awareness and training”. The project aims atcountering organized crime and criminal networks involved intrafficking in persons in peacekeeping mission areas by improvinginformation and awareness of the problem, and through the identi-fication and testing of a proper training module for members ofpeacekeeping operations. The project will initially address thetrafficking situation in the area of peacekeeping missions in theBalkans with the goal of a fully-implemented programme trainingfor all members of other current and future peacekeeping opera-tions. HEUNI will provide an expert.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: in early 2005.
2.2.3. Other tasks of crime policy relevancy
(i) Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology
Activities during 2003: the director of HEUNI chaired the Re-search Council during the three-year term 2001-2003, and acted asEditor of the Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology andCrime Prevention between 1999-2002. The Research Council wasone of the co-organisers of the ESC 2003 annual conference inHelsinki. Furthermore, the Council, in co-operation with the na-tional crime prevention councils of four Scandinavian countries,established a new version of the electronic bibliographical websiteof Nordic criminology (BNC), for which HEUNI has provided thecoordination function.
2004 work programme: at the end of February 2004, hosting of theBNC was taken over by the Institute of Criminology of the Copenha-gen University. The bibliography is accessible at the website of theScandinavian Research Council for Criminology (www.nsfk.org).HEUNI’s role remains that of a partner in the Nordic network.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: spring 2004.
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(ii) The Joint Criminology Meeting
2004 work programme: upon the initiative of the American Soci-ety of Criminology, a large number of criminological societieswill organise the Societies of Criminology First Key Issues Con-ference “What Works in Reducing Crime”. HEUNI is organisingone workshop at the conference in cooperation with the Scandina-vian Research Council for Criminology.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: by summer2004.
(iii) The Siena Group on Social Statistics
2004 work programme: The Siena Group on Social Statistics, es-tablished in 1993, is an independent think tank for the develop-ment of social statistics. Participants are mainly statistics directorsof the OECD countries but the scope is widening. The SienaGroup has consultative status with the United Nations. The Groupidentified crime statistics as one of the 2003-2005 topics for itswork at its November 2003 meeting, which a staff member ofHEUNI attended, presenting international comparative work re-lated to crime statistics. The next meeting of the Group was agreedto be organised in Finland in early 2005, with Statistics Finland asthe main organiser. The Institute has agreed to act as co-organiserof the event.
Project status: in progress. Scheduled completion: by summer2005.
2.2.4. Assistance-type tasks requiring considerableresources
(i) Management of internal information resources
HEUNI’s library contains not only books but also an expandingcollection of United Nations and Council of Europe documents aswell as otherwise unobtainable texts in the “grey literature” cate-gory from various congresses, symposia and meetings. The libraryholdings are to a great extent retrievable through a computerizedthesaurus system.
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(ii) Dissemination of information and related issues
HEUNI has established three publication series. One of the series,“Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and North America”,launched in 1990, provides background data on the various crimi-nal justice systems of Europe and North America. The availablereports cover Albania, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Repub-lic, England and Wales, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Israel,Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Romania, Scotland, Spain andSweden. Reports on, inter alia, Armenia and Slovenia are underpreparation.
The second series, “HEUNI Publication Series”, contains the re-ports of HEUNI projects and contributions from European expertsin the field. The publications in this second series are primarily inEnglish, which is the working language of HEUNI. However, pa-pers which were presented in French or Russian are published intheir original language. Some of the publications include Frenchand Russian summaries.
Three publications appeared in this series in 2003. Five volumesare estimated to be produced during 2004.
The third series, “HEUNI Papers”, includes occasional shorter pa-pers deserving of wider dissemination. Two papers were pub-lished in this series in 2003. The plans call for the publication offour papers during 2004. The titles published in the three series ofthe Institute are listed in an annex to this annual report.
Furthermore, HEUNI has occasionally participated in the publica-tion of books in cooperation with other partners. In 2003, the Insti-tute collaborated in the publication of Petrus C. van Duyne, Klausvon Lampe and James L. Newell (eds.), Criminal Finances andOrganising Crime in Europe. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers(WLP).
HEUNI also publishes a Newsletter twice a year, reporting on de-velopments and meetings of relevance to crime prevention andcriminal justice. The Newsletter occasionally includes a “GreyLiterature File”, providing information on, for example, seminar
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papers and other materials that are difficult to obtain through ordi-nary channels.
From spring 1998 onwards HEUNI has had its own website, ac-cessible at www/heuni.fi. HEUNI publications from no. 32 on-wards, the latest Newsletter and annual report, the more recenttexts in the series “Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica”, as well as selected HEUNI Papers may be accessedelectronically through the web site.
HEUNI shall seek to further increase its electronic publishing ac-tivity. The same holds true in terms of the links that can be ac-cessed through the HEUNI home page.
HEUNI is also one of the establishing members of the WorldCriminal Justice Library Network (WCJLN). In this context,HEUNI has emphasized the importance of developing not onlycomputer-based links between criminal justice libraries, but alsoof finding alternative low-technology ways of disseminating infor-mation. In 2003, the Institute has also collaborated with the Scandi-navian Research Council for Criminology, supporting the develop-ment of the electronic Bibliography of Nordic Criminology.
(iii) HEUNI’s scholarship programme
HEUNI offers short-term scholarships for post-graduate studentsand junior practitioners in the field of criminal policy. Thesescholarships enable their recipients to visit HEUNI in order tocarry out their own work or to become acquainted with the work ofthe Institute. The scholarships can also be used to visit other Euro-pean locations.
Between 1 January and 31 December 2003, HEUNI provided fourscholarships, on the basis of which it hosted practitioners andpost-graduate students from Albania, Germany, Italy and Ukraine.The recipients during the period under review were:
• Ms Roberta Maggio, TRANSCRIME, Trento, Italy;• Mr Najada Rama, University of Tirana, Albania;
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• Mr Detlef Schröder, Polizei-Führungsakademie,Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
• Mr Nicholas Sorochinsky, Odessa National Academy of Law,Ukraine.
The scholarships for 2004 were launched in autumn of 2003, andHEUNI has received a total of 12 applications.
2.3. PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT MEETINGS
Members of the HEUNI staff attended the following internationalmeetings during the period under review:
• 7th meeting of the WCJLN (World Criminal Justice LibraryNetwork), Canberra, Australia, 13-15 January 2003 (AiliTakalo);
• 2nd meeting of the European Union Crime PreventionNetwork (EUCPN) subgroup on Crime and Victimisation,Brussels, Belgium, 15 January 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• Board meeting of the European Society of Criminology,Leiden, the Netherlands, 23-24 January 2003 (KaukoAromaa);
• 1st steering group meeting of the CEENDSP (Central andEastern European Network of Drug Services in Prison)project, London, England, 30-31 January 2003 (TerhiViljanen);
• Best practice mission of the Council of Europe expert groupon organised crime (PC-S-CO), Lecce and Rome, Italy,Bonn, Germany, and Warsaw, Poland, 2-8 February 2003(Kauko Aromaa);
• United Nations expert meeting on the Application of theUnited Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Preventionand Criminal Justice, Burg Stadtschlaining, Austria, 9-12February 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 2nd steering group meeting of the CEENDSP project,Brussels, Belgium, 12 February 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
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• Seminar on Corruption in Transitional Societies, Białystok,Poland,19-22 February 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 1st meeting of the ad hoc expert group on the Application ofthe United Nations Standards and Norms in CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice, Helsinki, Finland, 7-8March 2003 (Kauko Aromaa & Terhi Viljanen);
• 65th International Regional Seminar of the ISC, Miskolc,Hungary, 11-14 March 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
• Session of the ad hoc Committee on the Negotiation of theUnited Nations Convention against Corruption, Vienna,Austria, 13-15 March 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 3rd meeting of the European Union Crime PreventionNetwork (EUCPN) subgroup on Crime and Victimisation,Brussels, Belgium, 19 March 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• Annual meeting of the Scandinavian Research Council forCriminology, Oslo, 24-25 March 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 1st meeting of the steering group of the European Unionproject on crime proofing, Brussels, Belgium, 27-28 March2003 (Seppo Leppä);
• International conference on Crime Reduction, Bridgetown,Barbados, 23-24 April 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• Annual meeting of the Bibliography of Nordic Criminology,Helsinki, Finland, 9 May 2003 (Kauko Aromaa & AiliTakalo);
• 12th session of the United Nations Commission on CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice, Vienna, Austria, 13-21 May2003 (Kauko Aromaa, Natalia Ollus & Terhi Viljanen);
• Seminar on crime prevention, Scandinavian National CrimePrevention Councils, Bergen, Norway, 22-23 May 2003(Kauko Aromaa);
• Consultations with representatives of the Lithuanian chapterof Transparency International, concerning the project “Mapof Corruption in Lithuania”, Vilnius, Lithuania, 5-7 June2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 2nd meeting of the steering group of the European Unionproject on crime proofing, Trento, Italy, 12 June 2003 (SeppoLeppä);
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• Board meeting of the European Society of Criminology,Leiden, the Netherlands, 13-14 June 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 51st plenary meeting of the CDPC of the Council of Europe,Strasbourg, France, 16-19 June 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 2nd meeting of the ad hoc expert group on the Application ofthe United Nations Standards and Norms in CrimePrevention and Criminal Justice, Vienna, Austria, 23-24 June2003 (Kauko Aromaa & Terhi Viljanen);
• World Crime Report conference, Turin, Italy, 26-29 June2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 3rd annual conference of the European Society ofCriminology, Helsinki, Finland, 27-30 August 2003 (KaukoAromaa & Sami Nevala);
• Board meetings of the European Society of Criminology,Helsinki, Finland, 27 August and 30 August 2003 (KaukoAromaa);
• Eurojust seminar “Combating Economic Crime in theNorthern and Baltic States”, Tallinn, Estonia, 8-9 September2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 3rd steering group meeting of the CEENDSP project,Popowo, Poland, 18 September 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
• Central and Eastern European Conference on Drug &Infections Services in Prison, Popowo, Poland, 18-20September 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
• Conference “Public Opinion and the Administration ofJustice: Popular perceptions and their implications forpolicy-making in Belgium and Western countries”, Leuven,Belgium, 25-27 September 2003 (Sami Nevala);
• 3rd meeting of the steering group of the European Unionproject on crime proofing, Brussels, 25 September 2003(Seppo Leppä);
• European Forum for the prevention of organised crime:Designing Crime out of Products and Services - an EU wideapproach, Brussels, Belgium, 26 September 2003 (SeppoLeppä);
• HEUNI International Advisory Board meeting, Helsinki,Finland, 27 September 2003 (Kauko Aromaa & TerhiViljanen);
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• Council of Europe expert mission to evaluate the judicial andsentencing reform of Moldova, Kisinev, Moldova, 30September-3 October 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• Board meeting of the European Society of Criminology,Brussels, Belgium, 17-18 October 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 10th meeting of the Siena Group, Budapest, Hungary, 12-14November 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• 5th European Symposium for Churches, Police and States,Turku, Finland, 16-19 November 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
• Congress “Tackling Organised Crime in Partnership”,Dublin, Ireland, 20-21 November 2003 (Seppo Leppä);
• Meeting of the ICPC Scientific Committee, 3rd annualcolloquium of the ICPC on “Crime Prevention: Cities, UrbanRenewal and Crime Prevention”, and eThekwiniMunicipality and UN-HABITAT conference “SustainableSafety: Municipalities at the Crossroads”, Pretoria andDurban, South African Republic, 21-30 November 2003(Kauko Aromaa);
• 22nd Criminological Conference of the Council of Europe,Strasbourg, France, 24-26 November 2003 (Sami Nevala);
• Coordination meeting of the PNI (Programme NetworkInstitutes), Courmayeur, Italy, 26 November 2003 (TerhiViljanen);
• ISPAC plenary session and ISPAC conference, Courmayeur,Italy, 27-30 November 2003 (Terhi Viljanen);
• Estonian Crime Prevention Council seminar on theprevention of alcohol-related crimes, Tallinn/Peoleo, Estonia,2-3 December 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• ISTAT International Conference on Crime, Rome, Italy, 3-7December 2003 (Kauko Aromaa);
• Expert Round Table on Public Transport and Anti-terrorismSecurity, Brussels, Belgium, 11-12 December 2003 (KaukoAromaa).
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BUDGET
3. BUDGET
1 USD = 0.7946 Euro (3/2/2004)
During the year, contributions to the United Nations Crime Pre-vention and Criminal Justice Trust Fund, earmarked for HEUNIwere received from the Home Office of the United Kingdom, theSwedish Ministry of Justice, the State Department of the USA andStiftung “Open Society”. The total received during 2003amounted to 115,828 USD. At the same time, 101,698 USD ofTrust Fund assets were used for HEUNI projects as extra-budget-ary funding.
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2003 (estimate) 2004 (proposal)
Euro USD Euro USD
Expenditure
1. Salaries and fees
– full-time personnel 218 165 274 560 230 930 290 620– fees for experts, Advisory
Board, reserves fortemporary staff 7 760 9 770 12 770 16 075
– pension contributions, socialsecurity payments, etc. 54 900 69 085 59 500 74 880
2. Operative outlays
– seminars and conferences 8 560 10 770 22 500 28 320– grants 5 910 7 440 10 000 12 580– research 635 800 2 000 2 520– travel 25 475 32 060 28 000 35 240– hospitality 1 210 1 520 1 500 1 890
3. Other expenditure
– premises, office expensesand similar expenditure 57 365 72 190 57 500 72 360
– office equipment 5 030 6 330 6 000 7 555– printing 16 710 21 030 21 030 26 460
4. Surplus 38 730 48 745 - -
TOTAL 440 450 554 300 451 730 568 500
ANNEX
ANNEX
The following is a list of the titles of publications in the HEUNIpublications series. Copies are available on request from the
Academic Book Store (POB 128, FIN 00101 Helsinki,tel: (+358-9) 12 141, fax: (+358-9) 121 4435,e-mail: [email protected]; www.akateeminen.com,or fromCriminal Justice Press, POB 249, Monsey,New York 10952, USA, tel: (+1-914) 354 9139,fax: (+1-914) 362 8376, e-mail: [email protected];www.criminaljusticepress.com.
1 The Feasibility of a European Information System on Trends inCrime and Criminal Justice. Report of the Ad Hoc Meeting of Ex-perts held in Helsinki, Finland, 9-10 May 1983, Helsinki 1983 (54pages) (out of print)
2 Towards a Victim Policy in Europe. Report of the Seminar held inEspoo, Finland, 31 October - 2 November 1983, Helsinki 1984 (230pages) (out of print)
3 Effective, Rational and Humane Criminal Justice. Report of theEuropean Seminar held in Helsinki, Finland, 31 May - 3 June 1984,Helsinki 1984 (314 pages) (out of print)
4 Selected Issues in Criminal Justice. Helsinki 1984 (90 pages)(out of print)
5 Criminal Justice Systems in Europe. Report of the Ad Hoc Ex-pert Group on a cross-national study on trends in crime and informa-tion sources on criminal justice and crime prevention in Europe, Hel-sinki 1985 (139 pages) (out of print)
6 Course on United Nations Criminal Justice Policy. Report of theEuropean course held in Helsinki, Finland, 25-29 March 1985, Hel-sinki 1985 (195 pages) (out of print)
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7 Papers on Crime Policy. By Károly Bárd, Matti Joutsen andAleksander Yakovlev, Helsinki 1986 (69 pages) (out of print)
8 The Legal Scope of Non-Prosecution in Europe. By Peter J.P.Tak, Helsinki 1986 (102 pages) (out of print)
9 Non-Prosecution in Europe. Report of the European Seminarheld in Helsinki, Finland, 22-24 March 1986, Helsinki 1986 (338pages) (out of print)
10 Papers on Crime Policy 2. Contributions from HEUNI scholars,Helsinki 1986 (207 pages) (out of print)
11 The Role of the Victim of Crime in European Criminal JusticeSystems. A Cross-National Study of the Role of the Victim, by MattiJoutsen, Helsinki 1987 (368 pages) (out of print)
12 Computerization of Criminal Justice Information Systems:Realities, Methods, Prospects and Effects. Report of the EuropeanSeminar held in Popowo, Poland, 18-22 May 1987, Helsinki 1987(published jointly with the Ministry of Justice of the Polish People’sRepublic) (second printing 1988) (280 pages) (out of print)
13 HEUNI - The First Five Years. Helsinki 1988 (180 pages) (out ofprint)
14 Non-Custodial Alternatives in Europe. By Norman Bishop,Helsinki 1988 (second printing 1988) (364 pages) (out of print)
15 Alternatives to Custodial Sanctions. Proceedings of the Euro-pean Seminar held in Helsinki, Finland, 26-28 September 1987, Hel-sinki 1988 (293 pages) (out of print)
16 Changing Victim Policy: The United Nations Victim Declara-tion and Recent Developments in Europe. Report of the Ad HocExpert Meeting held in Helsinki, 16-17 November 1988, Helsinki1989 (218 pages) (out of print)
17 Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and North America.Edited by Ken Pease and Kristiina Hukkila, Helsinki 1990 (257pages) (out of print)
18 Crime Prevention Strategies in Europe and North America.By John Graham, Helsinki 1990 (193 pages) (out of print)
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19 Computerization of Criminal Justice Information Systems,vol. I. Edited by Richard Scherpenzeel, The Hague 1992 (publishedjointly with the Ministry of Justice of The Netherlands) (168 pages)(available only from Mr R. Scherpenzeel, Sweelinckstraat 4,NL-2651 V V Berkel-Rodenrijs, the Netherlands)
19A Computarizacion de los Sistemas Informaticos en la JusticiaPenal, I volumen. Editado por Richard Scherpenzeel, La Haya 1992(172 pages). A Spanish language version of report no. 19 (availableonly from Mr R. Scherpenzeel, Sweelinckstraat 4, NL-2651 V VBerkel-Rodenrijs, the Netherlands)
20 Computerization of Criminal Justice Information Systems,vol. II. Edited by Richard Scherpenzeel, The Hague 1992 (publishedjointly with the Ministry of Justice of The Netherlands) (380 pages)(available only from Mr R. Scherpenzeel, Sweelinckstraat 4,NL-2651 V V Berkel-Rodenrijs, the Netherlands)
21 Prison Health, International Standards and National Prac-tices in Europe. By Katarina Tomasevski, Helsinki 1992 (228 pages)(out of print)
22 Criminal Law and the Environment. Edited by Hans-JörgAlbrecht and Seppo Leppä, Forssa 1992 (259 pages)
23 Policing in Central and Eastern Europe; Report on a StudyTour. By David Fogel, Helsinki 1994 (189 pages) (out of print)
24 Foreigners in Prison. By Katarina Tomasevski, Tampere 1994(97 pages) (out of print)
25 Crime and Criminal Justice in Europe and North America1986-1990. Kristiina Kangaspunta (ed.), Helsinki 1995 (112 pages)
26 Profiles of Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica. Kristiina Kangaspunta (ed.), Helsinki 1995 (332 pages)
27 Directory of Computerized Criminal Justice Information Sys-tems 1995. By Richard Scherpenzeel, The Hague/Helsinki 1995(507 pages) (out of print)
28 Crime Prevention Strategies in Europe and North America.By John Graham and Trevor Bennett, London/Helsinki 1995 (pub-lished jointly with the Home Office) (138 pages) (out of print)
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28A Strategii preduprezdenija prestupnosti v Evrope i SevernojAmerike. John Graham and Trevor Bennett, Helsinki 1996 (133pages)
A Russian language version of report no. 28, available directly fromHEUNI in printed format.
29 Prison Systems in Central and Eastern Europe. By RoyWalmsley, Helsinki 1996 (538 pages)
30 Computerization in the Management of the Criminal JusticeSystem. Edited by Richard Scherpenzeel, The Hague 1996 (pub-lished jointly with the Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands) (453pages) (available only from Mr R. Scherpenzeel, Sweelinckstraat 4,NL-2651 V V Berkel-Rodenrijs, the Netherlands)
31 Organised Crime Around the World. By Sabrina Adamoli,Andrea Di Nicola, Ernesto U. Savona and Paola Zoffi, Helsinki 1998(177 pages) (out of print)
32 Crime and Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica 1990–1994. Kristiina Kangaspunta, Matti Joutsen andNatalia Ollus (eds.), Helsinki 1998 (195 pages) (the report is avail-able also at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm)
33 Profiles of Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica, 1990–1994. Kristiina Kangaspunta, Matti Joutsen, NataliaOllus and Sami Nevala (eds.). Helsinki, 1999 (493 pages) (the reportis available also at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm)
34 Five Issues in European Criminal Justice: Corruption,Women in the Criminal Justice System, Criminal Policy Indica-tors, Community Crime Prevention, and Computer Crime. Pro-ceedings of the VI European Colloquium on Crime and Criminal Pol-icy held in Helsinki, Finland, 10–12 December 1998. Matti Joutsen(ed.). Helsinki, 1999 (269 pages) (out of print) (the report is availablealso at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
35 2001 Directory, Computerised Criminal Justice InformationSystems. By Richard Scherpenzeel (published jointly with the Min-istry of Justice of the Netherlands). The Hague/Helsinki 2000 (656pages).
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36 Women in the Criminal Justice System: International Exam-ples & National Responses. Proceedings of the workshop held at theTenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders, Vienna, Austria, 10-17 April 2000. NataliaOllus and Sami Nevala (eds.). Helsinki 2001 (223 pages) (the reportis available also at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
37 Assessing International Assistance in Law Enforcement:Themes, Findings and Recommendations from a Case-Study ofthe Republic of Estonia. By Bill Hebenton and Jon Spencer. Hel-sinki 2001 (58 pages) (the report is available also atwww.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
38 Trafficking in Human Beings, Illegal Immigration and Fin-land. By Martti Lehti and Kauko Aromaa. Helsinki 2002 (79 pages)(the report is available also at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
39 Crime Victims: Doing Justice to their Support and Protection& Žertvy prestuplenij: pravosudie dlja ih podderžki i zašity. ByIrvin Waller. Helsinki 2003 (64 + 72 pages) (the report is availablealso at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
40 Crime and Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and NorthAmerica 1995 - 1997. By Kauko Aromaa, Seppo Leppä, SamiNevala and Natalia Ollus (eds.). Helsinki 2003 (217 pages) (the re-port is available also at www.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
41 Further Developments in the Prison Systems of Central andEastern Europe: Achievements, problems and objectives. By RoyWalmsley. Helsinki 2003 (556 pages) (the report is available also atwww.heuni.fi/12541.htm).
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The following is a list of the titles in the HEUNI Criminal JusticeSystems in Europe series. Copies are available on request from the
Academic Book Store, POB 128, FIN 00101 Helsinki,tel: (+358-9) 12 141, fax: (+358-9) 121 4435,e-mail: [email protected]; www.akateeminen.com,or fromCriminal Justice Press, POB 249, Monsey,New York 10952, USA, tel: (+1-914) 354 9139,fax: (+1-914) 362 8376, e-mail: [email protected];www.criminaljusticepress.com, if not otherwise noted.
• Albania. By Matti Joutsen, Helsinki 1991 (13 pages)(out of print).
• Bulgaria. By Boyan Stankov, Helsinki 1996 (52 pages).
• Canada. By Mark E. Yamamoto, Helsinki 1996 (82 pages).
• Croatia. By Željko Horvatić and Davor Derenčinović, Helsinki2002 (95 pages) (also available at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Czech Republic. By Zdeněk Karabec, Simona Diblíková andPetr Zeman, Helsinki 2003 (97 pages) (also available atwww.heuni. fi/12543.htm).
• England and Wales. By Gordon C. Barclay, Helsinki 1990 (33pages). Third edition 1995 (48 pages) (available only fromHome Office Research and Statistics Directorate, Offenders &Corrections Unit, 50 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 5AT,UK).
• Finland. By Matti Joutsen, Helsinki 1990 (37 pages) (out ofprint). Third edition 1997 (44 pages), by Matti Joutsen andRaimo Lahti (out of print). Fourth edition 2001, by MattiJoutsen, Raimo Lahti and Pasi Pölönen (53 pages) (alsoavailable at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• France. By J-Y. McKee, Helsinki 2001 (65 pages) (alsoavailable at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Greece. By Calliope D. Spinellis and Dionysios Spinellis,Helsinki 1999 (65 pages) (also available atwww.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Ireland. By Clíona J.M. Kimber, Helsinki 1995 (54 pages).
• Israel. By Leslie Sebba, Menachem Horovitz and Ruth Geva,Helsinki 2003 (110 pages) (also available atwww.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
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• Italy. By Adelmo Manna and Enrico Infante, Helsinki 2000 (65pages) (also available at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Lithuania. By Gintaras Švedas, Helsinki 2000 (56 pages) (alsoavailable at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• the Netherlands. By Peter J.P. Tak, Deventer 1993 (54 pages)(available also from Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers,P.O.Box 23, 7400 GA Deventer, the Netherlands).
• Romania. By Adina Vlășceanu and Alina Dorobant, Helsinki2003 (76 pages) (also available at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Scotland. By Alex Gibb and Peter Duff, Helsinki 2002 (112pages) (also available at www.heuni.fi/12543.htm).
• Spain. By Joaquín Martin-Canivell, Helsinki 1998 (63 pages)• Sweden. By Bo Svensson, Stockholm 1995 (68 pages)
(published jointly with the Swedish National Council for CrimePrevention).
The following is a list of titles of the HEUNI Papers. Copies areavailable on request from HEUNI, POB 157, FI-00121 Helsinki,tel: (+358-9) 1606 7886, fax: (+358-9) 1606 7890, e-mail:[email protected]).
1 Report on the visit to Lithuania on behalf of HEUNI. ByKatarina Tomasevski, Helsinki 1993 (11 pages) (out of print).
2 International co-operation: the development of crime preven-tion and criminal justice in Central and Eastern Europe. By MattiJoutsen, Helsinki 1994 (12 pages) (out of print).
3 The interchangeable roles of victim and victimizer - SecondInkeri Anttila Honour Lecture. By Ezzat A. Fattah, Helsinki 1994 (26pages).
4 Developments in the Prison Systems of Central and Eastern Eu-rope. By Roy Walmsley, Helsinki 1995 (42 pages) (available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
5 Crime, Justice and Human Rights in the Baltics. By MaeveMcMahon, Helsinki 1995 (39 pages) (available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm) (out of print).
5a Prestupnost’, justitsija i prava celoveka v Baltijskih stranah(Russian language version of Paper no. 5), Helsinki 1996 (63 pages)(available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm) (out of print).
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6 Organized Crime Across the Borders: Preliminary Results. ByErnesto U. Savona, Sabrina Adamoli and Paola Zoffi with the assis-tance of Michael DeFeo, Helsinki 1995 (53 pages).
7 Alien-Smuggling and Uncontrolled Migration in Northern Eu-rope and the Baltic Region. By Christopher J. Ulrich, Helsinki 1995(22 pages) (out of print) (available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
8 Managing International Technical Assistance Projects in Crim-inal Justice. By Matti Joutsen, Helsinki 1996 (19 pages) (availablealso at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
9 Motor Vehicle Theft in Europe. By Markku Liukkonen, Helsinki1997 (27 pages) (out of print). Available in English and Russian lan-guage versions (Russian version available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
10 Prison Populations in Europe and North America. By RoyWalmsley, Helsinki 1997 (24 pages) (out of print).
11 Anticipating instead of Preventing: Using the Potential ofCrime Risk Assessment in Order to Minimize the Risks of Orga-nized and Other Types of Crime. By Seppo Leppä, Helsinki 1999(29 pages) (available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
12 Compensation Practices of States of the European Union Con-nected to Crimes Against Women. By Christian Bochmann andKai-Uwe Griesheim, Helsinki 1999 (26 pages) (available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
13 Drug Offences in the Global Criminal Justice System. BySheryl Van Horne and Graham Farrell, Helsinki 1999 (38 pages)(available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
14 Pervasive Illicit Small Arms Availability: A Global Threat. ByPeter Lock, Helsinki 1999 (33 pages) (available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
15 World Prison Population: Facts, Trends and Solutions. ByBrian Tkachuk and Roy Walmsley, Helsinki 2001 (25 pages) (avail-able also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
16 Prison Health Care in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Po-land. By Morag MacDonald, Helsinki 2001 (31 pages) (availablealso at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
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17 Criminal Justice Reform: Lessons Learned - Community In-volvement and Restorative Justice. By Brian Tkachuk, Helsinki2002 (20 pages) (available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
18 Trafficking in Women and Children in Europe. By MarttiLehti, Helsinki 2003 (40 pages) (available also atwww.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
19 A Comparative Report of Health Care Provisions in Prisons inPoland, Hungary and Czech Republic. By Morag MacDonald,Helsinki 2003 (46 pages) (available also at www.heuni.fi/12542.htm).
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