Organizing Data and Information

Outline Introduction to Data Management

– Basic Concepts Data Modeling and Database Models

– Translating business models to database models

Database Management Systems– The software

Recent Developments– New applications for database

Hierarchy of Data

Data Entities and Attributes

Entity– Generalized class of people, places, or

things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

Attributes– A characteristic of an entity

Keys and Attributes

Traditional Approach to Data Management

Database Approach to Data Management

Advantages of Database Approach

Improved strategic use of corporate data

Reduced data redundancy

Improved data integrity Easier modification and

updating Data and program

independence Better access to data

and information

Standardization of data access

Framework for program development

Better overall protection of the data

Shared data and information resources

Disadvantages of Database Approach

Relatively high cost of purchasing and operating a DBMS in a mainframe operating environment

Increased cost of specialized staff Increased vulnerability

Outline Introduction to Data Management Data Modeling and Database Models

– Translating business models to database models

Database Management Systems Recent Developments

Data Modeling

Data Model– A diagram of data entities and their

relationships Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams

– A data model that uses basic graphical symbols to show the organization of relationships between data

Keys

Key:– A field or set of fields in a record that is

used to identify the record Primary Key

– A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

An Entity-Relationship Diagram

Database Models

Hierarchical (Tree) Models Network Model Relational Models

A Hierarchical Database Model

A Network Database Model

A Relational Database Model

Outline Introduction to Data Management Data Modeling and Database Models Database Management Systems

– The software Recent Developments

Database Management System (DBMS)

A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs

Building and Modifying a Relational Database

Schemas and Subschemas

Schema– A description of the entire database

Subschema– A file that contains a description of a

subset of the database and identifies which users can view and modify the data items in the subset

Use of Schemas and Subschemas

Logical and PhysicalAccess Paths

Structured Query Language

Database Output

Worldwide Database Market Share, 1998

Selecting a DBMS

Database Size Number of

concurrent users Performance Integration

Features The Vendor Cost

Outline Introduction to Data Management Data Modeling and Database Models Database Management Systems Recent Developments

– New applications for databases

Recent Developments Data Warehouses: A database that collects

business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers

Data Mart: a subset of a data warehouse Data Mining: an information analysis tool that

involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

Database-driven Web sites

Elements of a Data Warehouse

How to Designa Data Warehouse Sharply define goals and objectives Choose the software that best fits the

goals Determine what should be in the

database Develop a plan Measure results

Common Data MiningApplications

Market segmentation Customer churn Fraud detection Direct marketing Market basket analysis Trend analysis

On-Line AnalyticalProcessing (OLAP)

Software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives

OLTP and Data Warehousing

OLTP and Data Mining

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

Standards that ensure that software written to comply with these standards can be used with any ODBC-compliant database

Advantages of ODBC

ORDBMS

Object-Relationship Database Management System (ORDBMS)

Supports object-oriented business modeling

Business Intelligence

The process of getting enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it so that it can have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

Database-Driven Web Sites

Two main uses for databases in Web sites– Customize Web site to the user. Our class

site is an example.– Expose internal data about customers to

customers.

Outline Introduction to Data Management

– Basic Concepts Data Modeling and Database Models

– Translating business models to database models

Database Management Systems– The software

Recent Developments– New applications for database