lHkh ljdkjh ;kstukvksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ,oa xSj&ljdkjh rFkk

ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa osQ iz;klksa osQ ckotwn Hkkjr esa f'kYi dh

fLFkfr vis{kkÑr fiNM+h gqbZ gSA f'kYidkj vius f'kYi gsrq

dPps eky ;k izko`Qfrd lalkèkuksa ij fuHkZj gksrs gSa] tks rs”kh ls

?kV jgs gSaA ,sls esa f'kYidkj dks vius O;kikj osQ foLrkj

vFkok mls cuk, j[kus esa viuh lhfer tek iw¡th dk fuos'k

djuk iM+rk gS] tcfd ck”kkj yxkrkj floqqQM+ jgs gSa vFkok

-iSQDVªh esa cus de dher osQ diM+ksa] phuh f[kykSuksa] IykfLVd

dh pVkb;ksa ;k LVsuySl LVhy osQ ?kM+ksa ls iVs gq, gSaA fiNys

lkS lkyksa esa bu ifjfLFkfr;kssa us f'kYidkj dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr

vkSj Hkh [kjkc dj nh gSA

bl vè;k; esa ;g fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS fd vkt f'kYi

leqnk; dh fLFkfr ,oa Lrj bruk [kjkc D;ksa gSA

f'kYidkj osQ izfr gekjk n`f"Vdks.k cukus okyhvfHko`fÙk;k¡

f'kYi leqnk; osQ xjhc gksus dk igyk dkj.k f'kYi vkSj gekjs

lekt esa f'kYi dh Hkwfedk osQ izfr gekjh le> gSA yksx

f'kYidkj dks fdl n`f"V ls ns[krs gSa µ ,d dkjhxj osQ :i esa

;k osQoy ,d e”knwj osQ :i esa\ rktegy dk fuekZ.k ,d

dykdkj us fd;k Fkk ;k f'kYi leqnk; us\ D;k f'kYi eq[;r%

gkFk osQ dke gSa ;k ;g gkFk] fnekx vkSj fny osQ la;kstu osQ

dkS'ky ij vkèkkfjr dk;Zdyki gS\ f'kYi vkSj f'kYi leqnk;

osQ izfr vkt tks n`f"Vdks.k gS] ogh Hkkjr esa f'kYi dh izxfr

jksdus okyk igyk vojksèk gSA

5 orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";56

tgk¡ efgykvksa us vkthfodk gsrq d<+kbZ djuk pquk gS] os okf.kfT;d vkSjikjaifjd gLrdk;Z esa Li"V :i ls foHkktu djrh gSaA nksuksa vyx&vyxbdkb;k¡ gSa vkSj izR;{k :i ls nksuksa ,d nwljs dks vkPNkfnr ugha djrhaAizR;sd osQ fy, fu;e vkSj ekud vyx&vyx gSaA fiQj Hkh ck”kkj esa dk;Zdjus ls bl ckr ij vo'; IkzHkko iM+rk gS fd efgyk,¡ ,d dkjhxjosQ :i eas ;k lekt osQ lnL; osQ :i esa Lo;a osQ ckjs esa oSQlk eglwldjrh gSaA

okf.kfT;d dk;Z dk igyk vkSj 'kk;n lcls cM+k izHkko fM”kkbu ;kdyk vkSj f'kYi ;k e”knwjh dks vyx&vyx djuk gSA dkjhxjksa ls ogcukus osQ fy, dgk tkrk gS] tks fdlh vU; us muls cukus osQ fy, dgkgksrk gS] ctk; blosQ fd os viuh lkSan;Z psruk ls dk;Z djsaA tcfHkUu&fHkUu jax osQ pkj èkkxksa dk lsV jckjh efgykvksa dks fn;k x;k] rksmUgksaus foo'krk fn[kkrs gq, dgk fd ;fn ge budk Ikz;ksx djrs gSa] rks ;gjckjh ugha jgsxkA ikjaifjd dk;Z esa] vyx&vyx jax] Vk¡osQ] iSVuZ vkSjeksfVI+kQ ugha gksrk—;s ,d lkFk bdkbZ esa dk;Z djrs gSaA fM”kkbu osQ iz;ksxls bu rÙoksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu fn[kk;k tkrk gS vkSj u, rjhdksa ls mUgsalkFk&lkFk j[kk tkrk gSA

tc fM”kkbu dks izksI+ksQ'kuy fM”kkbuj gsrq vkjf{kr dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSjf'kYidkj dks dkjhxjh rd gh lhfer dj fn;k tkrk gS] rks dkjhxj ek=k ,d e”knwjcu dj jg tkrk gSA

µ twMh -izsQVjFkzsM~l ,aM okW;lsl

lfn;ksa ls Hkkjrh; gLrf'kYi vius vizfre lkSan;Z vkSj dk;kZRed xq.kksagsrq izfl¼ gSA izkphu dky esa Hkkjr esa fM”kkbuj lkekU;r% f'kYih gksrs FksAbu f'kfYi;ksa osQ funsZ'ku osQ varxZr gh dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dk lewgdk;Z djrk Fkk vkSj ;s laiw.kZ ns'k dh fHkUu&fHkUu O;kikfjd laLFkkvksa vkSj{ks=kh; LowQyksa ls lacafèkr gksrs FksA ;g mudh lw{e le>nkjh vkSjvlkèkkj.k dkS'ky gh Fkk] ftlus gekjs gLrf'kYi dks çHkko'kkyh] fM”kkbu;qDrvkSj lqanj cuk;kA

ftu f'kYiksa dk eqxy njckj esa mn~Hko gqvk Fkk] os Hkh fM”kkbu osQfoy{k.k ifj"dj.k dks n'kkZrs gSaA njckj vkSj lkear oxZ }kjk bu f'kYidkjksadks laj{k.k feykA bu f'kYiksa esa fM”kkbu vDlj njckj dh fp=kdkjh vkSjy?kq dyk }kjk IkzHkkfor gksrs Fks] tks -iQkjlh ;k Lons'kh lzksrksa ls yh xbZ FkhA,sls fM”kkbu Hkkjrh; dkyhu] fdu[kkc] isijeS'ks] iPphdkjh bR;kfn esa ns[kstk ldrs gSaA ;s Hkkjrh; gLrf'kYi osQ fof'k"V xq.k gSa] tgk¡ izk;% dbZfof'k"Vrkvksa vkSj dkS'ky okys vusd f'kYidkjksa dh {kerkvksa vkSj dkS'ky

57orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

dk oLrq osQ fM”kkbu vkSj fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku gksrk gSA vr%fM”kkbuj ;k ekLVj f'kYidkj laiw.kZ fM”kkbu dh dYiukdjrk gS vkSj :i] vuqikr rFkk jax osQ u, l`tukRedfopkjksa osQ fodkl }kjk leL;k dk lekèkku djrk gSA

fiQj Hkh ,sls dbZ f'kYi gSa] tgk¡ f'kYidkj Lo;a ghfM”kkbu cukus vkSj mRikn fuekZ.k djus dk dk;Z djrk gS]fo'ks"kr;k ikWVjh esa] nhokjksa dh lkt&ltkoV djus esa] oqQNfo'ks"k izdkj dh d<+kbZ djus esa RkFkk f[kykSus cukus ,oa Vksdjhcukus esaA dbZ vU; f'kYi gSa] tgk¡ iwjk ifjokj ;k dkj[kkuk;k dkjhxjksa dh dk;Z'kkyk 'kkfey gksrh gSA izR;sd ekeys esaeq[; fopkj ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa ekLVj f'kYidkj ,dfM”kkbuj] ltZd ,oa mRiknudrkZ gksrk gSA

gLrf'kYi osQ fy, Hkkjrh; 'kCn gLrdyk] gLrf'kYi] nLrdkjh ;k dkjhxjh gS] ftudk vFkZgLrdk;Z gS] ysfdu vk'k; mu oLrqvksa ls gS] tks f'kYidkjh ls fufeZr gksrh gSa vFkkZr gkFkksa dkfof'k"V dkS'ky] tks fd dykdkjhiw.kZ Hkh gksA lqanjrk ,slh oLrqvksa dk vfHkUu vax gS vkSj bldkvFkZ gS fd mi;ksx dh oLrq osQ iz;ksx ls ijs Hkh bldk egÙo gS vkSj tks ns[kus esa Hkh lqanj yxrhgSaA gkFk ls cuh oLrq dHkh&dHkkj gh osQoy ltkoV osQ fy, gksrh gS vkSj pkgs bl ij dksbZ ltkoVu gks ;k bls cgqr vfèkd ltk;k x;k gks] bldk eq[; iz;kstu rHkh liQy gksrk gS] tc ;g mi;ksxhvkSj lqanj nksuksa gh gksA

&fyfoax ØkÝ+ V~l VªsfM'ku vkWI+kQ bafM;kd{kk 11 osQ fy, gLrdyk dh ikB~;IkqLrd] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-

f'kYi vkSj e'khu

mifuos'kdky ls IkwoZ Hkkjr esa dyk vkSj f'kYi lekukFkZd FksA Hkkjr esaf'kYi leqnk; lekt dk vfr egÙoiw.kZ vax ekuk tkrk Fkk] ftl ijthou dk fodkl vkSj mUufr fuHkZj djrh FkhA ;wjksi esa] e'khuksa osQ mn~Hkols f'kYi leqnk;ksa dh Hkwfedk de gks xbZ vkSj f'kYi iw.kZr% yqIr gks x;kA?kjsyw mi;ksx dh oLrq,¡] tks dHkh f'kYi leqnk; }kjk cukbZ tkrh Fkha] vce'khuksa ij cM+h ek=kk esa cukbZ tkus yxhaA gkFk ls fd, tkus okys dkedks ckSf¼d dk;Z dh rqyuk esa fuEurj ekuk tkus yxkA e'khuksa us gkFk osQdke dk LFkku ys fy;k] tks uhpk fn[kkus okyk vkSj fiNM+siu] nksuksa gh dk|ksrd FkkA

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";58

nks O;fDr;ksa us fo'o dks bl nq%[kn xyr èkkj.kk osQ izfr lpsrfd;k vkSj os gSa fofy;e ekSfjl vkSj tkWu jfLduA 1850 esa mudh^gkFk ls dke djus dh [kq'kh dk fouk'kd* osQ :Ik esa e'khu dhfuank us baXySaM esa dyk vkSj f'kYi vkanksyu dk vkjaHk dj fn;kAmUgksaus O;kid :i ls yksxksa dks ;g Lej.k djkus osQ fy, fy[kk fdekuo tkfr ewyr% l`tukRed gS vkSj e'khusa thou dk vkuan Nhujgh gSaA muosQ ys[k us Hkkjr esa dbZ ¯prdksa dks izHkkfor fd;k]ftlosQ dkj.k Hkkjr esa f'kYi ijaijk esa u;h #fp iSnk gqbZ vkSjmudk vè;;u vkjaHk gqvkA

;Fkkle; Ikzys[ku

vksosu tksUl dh iqLrd n xzkej vkWI+kQ vkWjukesaV] 1856 vPNsfM”kkbuksa osQ fl¼karksa dk ladyu gS] ftlesa I+kQkjlh] Hkkjrh; vkSjfganw vkHkw"k.kksa osQ mnkgj.k FksA tksUl 1851 esa yanu esa izn'kZuh dkvk;kstu djus esa Hkh 'kkfey Fks] ftlesa csgrjhu vkSj vR;fèkde¡gxs Hkkjrh; f'kYi dk izn'kZu fd;k x;k Fkk] rkfd ^fczfV'kf'kYidkjh dh [kjkc xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykus esa baXySaM dh lgk;rkdh tk losQ] tks fd vkS|ksfxdhdj.k osQ dkj.k {kfrxzLr FkhA*

bl çdkj dh çn'kZfu;ksa osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh egku f'kYiijaijk dks vaxsz”kksa osQ lkeus çn£'kr djosQ ;g Hkzkafr nwj gks ldh fdHkkjr ,d fiNM+k vkSj vfodflr vFkZO;oLFkk okyk ns'k gSAIkfj.kker% baXySaM esa gqbZ izn'kZfu;ksa ls mPp xq.koÙkk okys Hkkjrh;f'kYiksa esa #fp c<+hA

lkSHkkX; ls] bl vofèk esa oqQN vaxzs”k vfèkdkfj;ksa us ikjaifjddkS'ky] midj.kksa] dk;ZLFkyksa] oLrqvksa vkfn dk izys[ku fd;k]fo'odks'k (,ulkbDyksihfM;k) rS;kj fd, x, rFkk tux.kuk]eSfiax vkSj loZs{k.k fd, x,A ;s fjdkWMZ lkef;d Hkkjrh; fM”kkbujksarFkk vkS|ksfxdhdj.k osQ mijkar Hkkjr esa f'kYi Ikqu#¼kj dk;ZØeksaosQ fy, vewY; lalkèku fl¼ gq,A vkSifuosf'kd vFkZO;oLFkk osQHkkjrh; f'kYi ij gkfudkjd izHkkoksa osQ ckotwn bl vofèk esavaxzs”k vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk f'kYiksa dk izys[ku djus osQ egÙoiw.kZifj.kke lkeus vk,A

1880 esa izdkf'kr ,d iqLrd baMfLVª;y vkVZ~l vkWI+kQ bafM;k esatkWtZ lh- ,e- cMZoqM us vius le; esa caxky esa oL=k cqukbZ dh

59orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

n'kk osQ ckjs esa crk;k gSA os crkrs gSa fd lwrh vkSj js'keh diM+s dk mRiknufcgkj] caxky] vksM+h'kk vkSj vle esa gksrk FkkA <kdk] tks vc ckaXykns'k esagSa] rc bldk ,d izeq[k oasQnz FkkA

Ikgys <kdk esa ,d nqyZHk eyey dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk Fkk] ftls xhyk dj ?kkl Ikj j[kus lsog vn'; gks tkrh Fkh vkSj rc 'kke dh vksl vkSj blesa varj djuk eqf'dy gks tkrk FkkA blfy,bls 'kcue* vFkkZr 'kke dh vksl* dgk x;kA nwljs izdkj dks vkc&,&jok¡ ;k cgrk ikuh* dgktkrk Fkk D;kasfd ;g Ikkuh esa vn`'; gks tkrk FkkA

fczfV'k ljdkj }kjk Hkkjrh; gLrf'kYi dks izys[kc¼ djusosQ fy, 1880 esa fy, x, fu.kZ; osQ ifj.kkeLo:i CkMZoqMtuZy vkW -iQ baMfLVª;y vkVZ~l vkWI +kQ bafM;k izdkf'kr fd;k x;kFkk] tks fd vkt Hkh fM”kkbu vkSj f'kYi lkexzh dk cgqewY;lzksr gSA

CkMZoqM oQks Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxdhdj.k osQ fojksèk ls ;gfo'okl gks x;k fd egku Hkkjrh; f'kYi ^fganw xzke osQ csgrjèkk£ed laxBu* dk ifj.kke Fkk] tgk¡ oqQEgkjks a] cqudjksa]èkkrqdeZdkjksa vkSj tkSgfj;ksa us vrqyuh; mRÑ"Vrk dh oLrqvksa dkmRiknu fd;kA

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";60

vkuan oqQekjLokeh

^f'kYidkj ek=k ,d O;fDRk ugha gS] tks viuh O;fDrxr dYiukvksa dhvfHkO;fDr djrk gS] vfirq og czãkaM dk Hkkx gksrk gS vkSj bldh ewylqanjrk vkSj vifjorZuh; dkuwuksa osQ vkn'kks±] ;gk¡ rd fd o`{kksa o iwQyksa]ftudh izkÑfrd lqanjrk bZ'oj dh nsu ls de ugha gS] mlss vfHkO;fDrnsrk gSA* vkuan oqQekjLokeh us Hkkjr osQ f'kYidkjksa osQ ckjs esa ,slk fy[kkgS] ftudh mRÑ"Vrk dHkh fooknLin ugha jgh gSA

Jhyadkoklh vkuan osaQfV'k oqQekjLokeh (1877&1974) dks Hkkjrh; dyk vkSj f'kYi osQegku bfrgkldkjksa esa fxuk tkrk gSA Hkw&foKku esa Lukrd djus vkSj feujyksftdy losZ dkfuns'kd cuus osQ i'pkr~ mUgksaus flyksu lkekftd lqèkkj lfefr dk xBu fd;k vkSj jk"Vªh; f'k{kkosQ izpkj osQ fy, vkanksyu pyk;kA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i lHkh LowQyksa esa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk dk vè;kiugksus yxk vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk Ikqu#¼kj gqvk] ftlosQ ckjs esa mUgsa xgu tkudkjh Fkh vkSjftldk os vR;fèkd lEeku djrs FksA 1938 esa os Hkkjrh; Lora=krk lacaèkh jk"Vªh; lfefr osQlHkkifr cusA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; n'kZu] èkeZ] dyk o ewfrZfoKku] fp=kdyk o lkfgR;] laxhr] foKkuvkSj bLykfed dyk osQ izfr yksxksa dh le> dks fodflr djus esa Hkkjh ;ksxnku fn;kA viuhiqLrd n bafM;u ØkÝ+ V~leSu esa oqQekjLokeh us f'kYidkjksa dks vkèkqfudhdj.k rFkk ;wjksih; 'kkluosQ nq"izHkkoksa osQ ckjs esa crk;k gS vkSj Hkkjr esa vkn'kZ vkS|ksfxdhdj.k osQ iwoZ osQ thou dh vksjokil ykSVus dk vkxzg fd;k gSA

vxLr 1947 esa mUgksaus ,d Le.kh; fVIi.kh dh–^^Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk egÙo blfy, gSD;ksafd ;g ,d laLÑfr gS u fd Hkkjrh; gSA**

deyknsoh] oqQekjLokeh ls vesfjdk esa ckWLVu laxzgky; esa feyh Fkha] tgk¡ os iwohZ çHkkx(vksfj,UVy lsD'ku) osQ izeq[k FksA ;g ,d #fpiw.kZ ?kVuk FkhA deyknsoh us muosQ ckjs esa fy[kk–^^vkuan oqQekjLokeh dk gekjh lkaLÑfrd ijaijk osQ fof'k"V foospd osQ :i esa fo'ks"k LFkku FkkD;ksafd mudk n`f"Vdks.k laiw.kZ Fkk] tks dHkh Hkh èkq¡èkyk;k ughaA mUgksaus dk-iQh gn rd xkaèkh th dhrjg gh laLÑfr dks lkekftd izk.kkyh osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ lwpdkad ekukA**

dyk vkSj f'kYi esa varj

vkS|ksfxd Økafr osQ vkjafHkd izHkko vkSj 1857 osQ fonzksg rFkk fczfV'kksa osQHkkjr ij jktuhfrd fu;a=k.k osQ iQyLo:i dbZ laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk dhxbZZA Hkkjrh; dyk vkSj laLÑfr osQ fodkl osQ fgr esa Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙolosZ{k.k vkSj ,f'k;kfVd lkslk;Vh] dksydkrk dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1857 esadksydkrk esa igys egÙoiw.kZ laxzgky;] bafM;u E;wf”k;e dh LFkkiuk dhxbZA izkjaHk esa LFkkfir Hkkjrh; laxzgky;ksa esa dyk vkSj iqjkrÙo foKku gsrqvyx foHkkx rFkk Hkw&foKku] tarq foKku vkSj ekuo foKku gsrq nh?kkZ,¡ Fkha]tgk¡ Ikj izkphu dky dh f'kYi o`Qfr;k¡ izn£'kr dh xbZ FkhaA laxzgky;ksa esaizkphu oLrq,¡ iw.kZr% lqjf{kr vkSj lajf{kr Fkha rFkk ;gk¡ osQ laxzg us f'kYiijaijkvksa dk vè;;u vkSj 'kksèk djus osQ fof'k"V volj Ikznku fd,A

61orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

1857 osQ i'pkr~ vaxzs”kksa us dksydkrk] eqacbZ vkSj psUubZ esa dyk

fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh] tgk¡ vaxzs”kh IkkB~;Øe dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk

FkkA blesa Nk=kksa dks ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k] fLFkj&thou fp=k vkSj n`';ksa o ifjçs{;

osQ if'peh dyk fl¼kar fl[kk, tkrs FksA 'kh?kz gh rSyfp=k (vkWby isafVax)

us Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk osQ ikjaifjd izdkjksa dks izfrLFkkfir dj fn;kA if'peh

dyk 'kSyh esa izf'kf{kr fo|kFkhZ dyk osQ {ks=kksa esa vkxs vk,A if'pe dyk

ls ifjfpr Hkkjrh; mPp oxZ vkSj jktoa'k us bl if'peh Hkkjrh; dyk dks

laj{k.k iznku fd;kA bl Ikzdkj ls Hkkjr esa dyk vkSj f'kYi esa varj vk;kA

blosQ dkj.k Hkkjrh; f'kYi leqnk; dk vkSj iru gqvk] ftlus dbZ lfn;ksa

ls Hkkjrh; lekt dh iwjh o-iQknkjh ls lsok dh FkhA

oL=k feyksa] fizfVax izslksa vkSj Hkkjr dh igyh I+kSQDVfj;ksa osQ mRiknksa us

?kjksa esa gLrf'kYi dh oLrqvksa dks izfrLFkkfir dj fn;kA fo|ky;ksa esa

fl[kkbZ tkus okyh if'peh dyk dh ladYiuk,¡ Hkkjrh; ijaijk osQ

,dhdj.k osQ n'kZu] ftlls dykf'kYi] oLrqf'kYi] fM”kkbu vkSj fofuekZ.k

dk ,dhdj.k gqvk Fkk] ls iw.kZr% fHkUu FkhaA Hkkjrh;ksa dks if'peh izxfr

dk ykHk u feys] blosQ fy, ns'kt izsj.kk osQ iz;klksa dks Ny }kjk fu"iQy

dj fn;k x;kA

mUuhloha vkSj chloha 'krkCnh esa oqQN jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd

lqèkkjdksa us vkSifuosf'kd vkØe.k osQ eè; vk£Fkd iquxZBu vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd

vkRefo'okl osQ ekè;e osQ :i esa gLrf'kYi m|ksxksa osQ egÙo dks

igpkukA muosQ bl n`f"Vdks.k us dfo johanzukFk VSxksj dks 'kkafrfuosQru

fLFkr fo'ofo|ky; esa f'kYi iz;ksx djus osQ fy, izsfjr fd;k vkSj xzke

m|ksx ij cy fn;k] ftlls egkRek xkaèkh us Hkkjr osQ Lora=krk osQ la?k"kZ

dh uhao MkyhA

tSlk fd vè;k;–3 esa foLrkj ls fn;k x;k gS] chloha 'krkCnh osQ

vkjafHkd o"kks± esa f'kYi jktuhfrd fopkjèkkjk vkSj dk;Z gsrq mRizsjd cukA

Lons'kh vkanksyu ^Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hkkjrh;ksa osQ fy,* us Je vkSj ekuo dh

l`tukRedrk osQ lEeku dks iqu% izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;kA ,d lkèkkj.k

lk f'kYi dk midj.kµpj[kkµjk"Vªh; fonzksg dk izrhd cuk vkSj gkFk ls

cquk diM+k vk”kknh dh iks'kkd cukA

rnqijkar gFkdj?kk Økafr ls gh xzkeh.k m|ksxksa dk laoèkZu vkSj u,

vkS|ksfxd okrkoj.k esa ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa] mRiknksa vkSj ck”kkjksa dk fodkl

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";62

gqvk vkSj budh lqj{kk djus dh vko';drk

lacaèkh jk"Vªh; tkx:drk mRiUu gqbZA

tkfr esa c¡èkk gqvk

xkaèkh th dks vk'kk Fkh fd Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~tkfr dh ladYiuk èkhjs&èkhjs lekIr gks tk,xh]ysfdu ,slk ugha gqvk vkSj f'kYidkjksa dk gkFk lsdke djus okys Jfed osQ :i esa Lrj vkSj fxjx;kA

vkt] ;|fi lkekftd mRd"kZ gks jgk gS rFkkfi]vkuqoaf'kdrk] tkfr vkSj lkeqnkf;d lacaèkksa dhf'kYi {ks=k esa vHkh Hkh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA ,slkizrhr gksrk gS fd oqQEgkj ;k èkkrq dk;Z] peM+kdk;Z vkSj csar o ck¡l osQ dk;Z esa fo'ks"ktkfr;ksa@leqnk;ksa vkSj dkjhxjh osQ dk;Zdykiksa osQ

chp lacaèk lokZfèkd lqn`<+ gSA ;gk¡ igyh ih<+h osQ dkexkjksa dh la[;k degS] tkfr vkSj leqnk; osQ caèku èkhjs&èkhjs VwV jgs gSa] fo'ks"k :i lsvis{kko`Qr xfrt fofuekZ.k dk;Zdykiksa] tSls n”khZ osQ dk;Z vkSj dk"B dk;Zesa cM+h la[;k esa igyh ih<+h osQ dkexkj vkdf"kZr gks jgs gSaA

;|fi vkSifuosf'kd vkSj iwoZ&vkSifuosf'kd dky dh vR;kpkjh fLFkfr;k¡vc ugha gSa] rFkkfi dkjhxj tula[;k dk vfèkdka'k Hkkx vHkh Hkh csgnxjhc gSA ;g vk'p;Ztud ugha gS fd dbZ dkjhxj vius ikjaifjdO;olk;ksa dks NksM+dj vU; izdkj osQ dk;ks± dks viuk jgs gSa] tksvfèkdka'kr% voqQ'ky fngkM+h e”knwjh dk dk;Z gS] ftlls mUgsa vfèkd iSlkfey tkrk gSA bl izo`fÙk dh ,d xSj&ljdkjh laxBu] Jqfr }kjk 1987&88esa fd, x, losZ{k.k ls iqf"V gqbZ gSA blesa crk;k x;k gS fd ikjaifjdpeM+k dkjhxjksa osQ vkèks ls Hkh vfèkd ?kjksa esa ifjokj osQ dbZ lnL;ksa uspeM+s dk dk;Z NksM+ fn;k vkSj os uSfefÙkd e”knwjksa osQ :i esa dk;Z djjgs gSaA

vkt xzkeh.k xjhcksa esa vfèkdrj yksx cqudj gSaA ;g gkL;kLin gS fd bfrgkl dh iqLrosaQ gesacrkrh gSa fd os dHkh Hkkjr osQ vehj O;olkf;;ksa esa ls ,d FksA cqudj la?k ,d le; brusvehj Fks fd os nf{k.k Hkkjr esa izeq[k eafnjksa osQ fuekZ.k dks izk;ksftr dj ldrs Fks vkSj ;ghugha mudh viuh lsuk,¡ Hkh gksrh FkhaA

63orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

vk£Fkd fuokZárk

vrhr esa ftu igyqvksa dks lcls vfèkd vuns[kk fd;k x;k gS] os

gSa f'kYidkjksa dh de vk; vkSj dk;Zn'kk,¡A bl ns'k esa fdrus yksxksa

dks ;g tkudkjh gS fd f'kYidkj vkSlr Hkkjrh; I+kSQDVjh dkexkj ls

Hkh de dekrs gSa\ oLrqr%] oqQN ekeyksa esa mUgas o"kZ Hkj jks”kxkj Hkh

ugha fey ikrkA vfèkdka'k gLrf'kYi dkjhxj vius ?kjksa esa dke djrs

gSa vkSj dbZ dPps eky dh fu;fer vkiwfrZ ij fuHkZj gksrs gSa] ;g

ekSle vFkok muosQ ifjO;; ij fuHkZj dj ldrk gSA [kjkc Ñf"k

ekSle ls LokHkkfod gS fd lalkèku vkSj f'kYi mRiknu esa fxjkoV

vk,xhA blosQ lkFk&lkFk Hkwfe&jfgr f'kYi leqnk; ck”kkj ij fuHkZj

gksrk gS vkSj blfy, ck”kkj fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa mRkkj&p<+ko osQ izfr

vR;fèkd laosnu'khy gksrk gSAf'kYidkjksa dh dbZ Hkwfedk,¡ gSa – ;s Hkkjrh; f'kYi ijaijkvksa osQ

èot&okgd gSa] izkphu izkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj lkaLoQfrd ijaijkvksa osQ mÙkjkfèkdkjhgSa] lkeqnkf;d vkLFkkvksa ls c¡èkdj jg jgs dykdkj vkSj ltZd gSa]oQf"k&vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiknd gSa vkSj os nk'kZfud gSa] tks vkè;kfRedvkSj HkkSfrd osQ chp lacaèk cukrs gSaA fiQj Hkh] vius yacs bfrgkl vkSjLora=krk osQ i'pkr~ fofHkUu ljdkjksa }kjk muosQ fy, cukbZ xbZ vla[;;kstukvksa osQ ckotwn oqQN g”kkj gh f'kYidkj gksaxs] tks lkekftd vkSjvk£Fkd :i ls csgrj fLFkfr esa gSaA 'ks"k viuh vkthfodk ek=k thforjgus osQ fy, pykrs gSaA

fo'oluh; :i ls tux.kuk esa ;g lqfuf'pr ugha fd;k tkrk gS fdmlesa os ekSleh dkjhxj vFkok n{k dkjhxj Hkh 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSa] tksxzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa gkf'k, ij vkdj oSdfYid jks”kxkj dh ryk'k esa 'kgjksa esa>qfXx;ksa esa jgus osQ fy, ckè; gks tkrs gSaA fnYyh esa gFkdj?kk cqudjowQM+k&chuus okyksa osQ lkFk jgrs gSaA oqQN Vsyfjax laLFkkvksa ls izkIr diM+ksa osQVqdM+ksa ls pnh nfj;k¡ cukrs gSa ;k j”kkb;ksa esa Mksjs Mkyrs gSaA ?kkl dh pVkb;ksaosQ cqudj vkSj Vksdfj;k¡ cukus okys [kkyh [ksrksa ;k HkhM+&HkkM+ okys 'kgjksaesa iqQVikFk ij dke djrs gSa vkSj dHkh&dHkkj gh mudh x.kuk gksrh gSAva'kdkfyd ;k [kkyh le; esa dke djus okys f'kYidkj osQ :i esa os vHkhHkh mRiknd vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d vax gSa] pkgs mudk ntkZ fupyk gh D;ksau gks vkSj mudh vk; muosQ ifjokj osQ izR;sd lnL; osQ fy, fnu Hkj osQHkkstu osQ fy, gh i;kZIr D;ksa u gksA

tSlh gekjs ikl lwpuk gS] gkFk osQ dke ls] ik¡p lnL;ksa osQ vkSlrifjokj osQ fy, `2]000 izfr ekg dh vkSlr vk; gksrh gSA ;g `13-50izfrfnu izfr O;fDr gSA ;gk¡ ij ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd 1997 esa laln esa,d iz'u osQ mÙkj esa x`g ea=kky; us crk;k Fkk fd fnYyh osQ frgkM+ tsy

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";64

esa ,d oSQnh dks Hkkstu lfgr ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,¡ eqgS;k djkus osQ fy,jktdks"k ls 48-60 izfr fnu O;; gksrk gSA tc dbZ f'kYidkjksa dks bl rF;ls voxr djk;k x;k] rks mUgksaus nq%[kh gksdj O;aX; Hkko ls fVIi.kh dh fdf'kYidk;Z djus ls csgrj tsy esa jguk ugha gS D;k !

µt;k tsVyhfo'odekZ”k fpYMªu

dkjhxjksa dh vk; vR;fèkd de gSA 1987&88 esa Jqfr }kjk ftudkjhxjksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k Fkk] mudh vkSlr vk;] dkjhxjh osQdk;Zdykiksa ls `4]899 FkhA csar vkSj ck¡l dk dke djus okyksa dklewg&okj vkSlr de ls de `2]219] ls ysdj `7]018 Fkk] tks ydM+h

65orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

dk dke djus okyksa dk Hkh FkkA losZ{k.kksa ls ;g Hkh irkpyrk gS fd muosQ ikl 'kk;n gh dksbZ laifÙk FkhA lclscM+h vpy laifÙk ?kj gS] tks fd vDlj dPpk ;k fe^hdk cuk gksrk gSA Hkwfe u gksus osQ ekeys vfèkd FksA JqfrosQ losZ{k.k esa 61 izfr'kr dkjhxjksa osQ ikl fdlh Hkhizdkj dh dksbZ ”kehu ugha FkhA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa èkkfjrkrhu ,dM+ ls vfèkd ugha gksrh FkhA vfèkdka'k dkjhxjksa osQfy, o`Qf"k lacaèkh lkexzh [kjhnus esa vfèkd fuos'k u djusdh v{kerk osQ dkj.k mRiknu de gksrk gSA lkekU; rkSjij dkjhxjksa osQ ikl muosQ dk;Z lacaèkh midj.k vkSj ;a=kgksrs gSaA muesa ls oqQN osQ ikl i'kqèku vFkok i'kq Hkh gSaAlosZ{k.k fd, x, 46 izfr'kr dkjhxjksa osQ ?kjksa esa fctyhdk dusD'ku ugha FkkA

f'kYidkjksa dh çeq[k ckèkk,¡

f'kYi leqnk; dks lkekftd O;kfèk] tkfrxr HksnHkko]xjhch vkSj lhfer ifjlaifÙk;ksa tSlh ckèkkvksa osQ vykokHkh N% izeq[k ckèkk,¡ izHkkfor djrh gSa] ftUgsa la{ksi esaeq[; :i ls fn;k x;k gSµ

yqIr gksrk dPPkk ekyns'k Hkj osQ f'kYi leqnk;ksa osQ fy, lgh xq.koÙkk dk i;kZIr dPpk ekyizkIr djuk dfBu gks jgk gSA izko`Qfrd lalkèkuksa esa deh gksus osQ dkj.k mUgsavc jíh vkSj iqjkuh lkexzh [kjhnuh iM+rh gSaA vko';d iw¡th u gksus osQdkj.k os i;kZIr ek=kk esa eky ugha [kjhn ikrsA

de gksrh ck¡l dh iSnkokj rFkk iwoksZÙkj {ks=k esa blosQ iw.kZ :i ls yqIrgksus osQ dkj.k vkSifuosf'kd dky esa blosQ lzksr ij vkxs nh xbZ lkexzhHkkjr osQ f'kYi m|ksx osQ le{k vkus okys dPps eky osQ Hkkjh ladV dhvksj laosQr djrh gSaA

dPph lkexzh dh vuqiyCèkrk vkSj muosQ ç;ksx ij yxs caèkuksa ls ijsf'kYidkj ço`Qfr osQ lkFk muosQ vkilh lacaèk vkSj ml ij viusvfLrRo osQ fy, fuHkZjrk dks vPNh rjg tkurs FksA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]fcgkj dh efgyk fp=kdkj jax cukus osQ fy, iwQyksa dks dHkh ugha rksM+rh]cfYd os VwVdj fxjs iwQyksa dk ç;ksx djrh gSaA blh çdkj dyedkjh osQfy, iqjkus ”kax yxs ?kksM+s dh ukyksa dk ç;ksx oqQN jaxksa dks cukus gsrq fd;ktkrk gSA

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";66

ck¡l dh dgkuh

Hkkjrh;ksa us ges'kk ls ck¡l dk iz;ksx dbZ çdkj ls fd;k gS – eNyh idM+usdk tky] Vksdfj;k¡] >wys] fVdBh] iqy] o"kkZ ls cpkus okyh Vksfi;k¡ o Nkrs]pVkb;k¡] laxhr ;a=k] ty uyh vkfn blosQ mnkgj.k gSaA ;g ?kj osQ fuekZ.kesa] pgkjnhokjh rFkk cSyxkM+h cukus esa Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA de ykxrdk ?kjsyw -iQuhZpj vkSj ck¡l ls cuk dbZ izdkj dk ?kjsyw lkeku fdlh Hkhck”kkj esa vklkuh ls fey ldrk gSA ysfdu ge mu vufxur NksVs&eksVsrjhdksa ij izk;% è;ku ugha nsrs] ftuosQ ekè;e ls bl lkèkkj.k&lh lkexzhdk yksxksa }kjk vla[; oLrqvksa osQ :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bls yqgkjdh èkkSaduh esa] c<+bZfxjh esa ck¡l dh fiuksa osQ :i esa ;k xk¡o osQ ck”kkjksa esaf[kykSuksa osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

ysfdu vaxzs”k ou vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ fy, LFkkuh; Hkkjrh; i;kZoj.k esa oudh ?kkl&ck¡l dh cgq&vk;keh Hkwfedk dk dksbZ egÙo ugha Fkk D;kasfd ;gou jktLo esa vkrk FkkA ck¡l ls Vhd dh iSnkokj esa Hkh O;oèkku vk;k] tksfd mudh vkSifuosf'kd ou uhfr dk vfuok;Z Hkkx FkkA 1920 esa tkdjvaxzs”kksa us eglwl fd;k fd ck¡l dks eghu VqdM+ksa esa rksM+dj] bls jlk;uksaesa idkdj] bldk xwnk cukdj rFkk bldks lery cukdj os dkx”k cukldrs gSaA blls vaxzs”kksa osQ ou jktLo esa c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSj lkFk gh HkkjrosQ dfFkr fiNM+s {ks=kksa dk fodkl (tSlk mUgksaus ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS) gksxkAysfdu] mUgksaus ou ij gksus okys mu izHkkoksa dh vuns[kh dh] tks budk;Zdykiksa ls gksrsA blfy, tgk¡ Vksdjh cquus okyksa dks mfpr njksa ij ck¡lcspk tkrk Fkk] ogha dkx”k m|ksx dks Hkkjh fj;k;r nh tkrh FkhA

Lora=krk osQ ckn Hkh Hkkjrh; dkx”k feyksa dks vR;fèkd de njksa ijck¡l dh vkiwfrZ djuk ljdkj dk ije dÙkZO; cu x;k vkSj dbZ n'kdksard ck¡l dh vkiwfrZ vifjofrZr njksa ij lqfuf'pr gks xbZ FkhA blls ouksavkSj f'kYidkjksa ij iM+us okyh vuns[kh vkink dh vHkh Hkh dksbZ tkudkjhugha feyrhA

v#.kkapy çns'k esa vkikrkuh tutkfr vkSj fo'o Hkj osQ vU; Hkkxksa esa jgjgh tutkfr;ksa osQ fy, ck¡l gh lc oqQN gS–midj.k] 'kL=k] vkJ;]Hkkstu] ik=k] uyh] laxhr vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd Hkxoku HkhA

–eSDl e£VuMkmu Vq vFkZ

67orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

vkidks ;kn gksxk fd d{kk 11 dh bfrgkl dh ikB~;iqLrd] bafM;k,aM fn oaQVsEijjh oYMZ&I esa bl ckr ij vR;fèkd cy fn;k x;k gSfd mifuos'kokn us fdl izdkj laiw.kZ Hkkjr osQ ouksa dks izHkkfor fd;kvkSj ogk¡ osQ fuokfl;ksa rFkk muosQ ikjaifjd O;olk;ksa dks gkf'k, ij ykfn;kA 1970 osQ var rd fo'o cSad us izLrko j[kk fd 4]600 gsDVs;jizkÑfrd lky osQ ouksa dks m".kdfVcaèkh; phM+ }kjk izfrLFkkfir fd;ktk,] rkfd dkx”k m|ksx osQ fy, yqxnh miyCèk djkbZ tk losQA LFkkuh;i;kZoj.kfonksa osQ fojksèk osQ ckn gh ifj;kstuk ij jksd yxkbZ xbZA vr%mifuos'kokn ncko dh gh ugha vfirq foLFkkiu] xjhch vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdokrkoj.k osQ ladV dh Hkh dgkuh FkhA

Hkkjrh; f'kYidkj ço`Qfr osQ lkFk vius lgthoh lacaèk osQ çfr iw.kZr;ktkx:d gSaA os ;g tkurs gSa fd vius dPps eky dks fdl çdkjvko';drk osQ vuqlkj de dj ldrs gSa] iqu% mi;ksx esa yk ldrs gSa] ,oafdl çdkj vko£rr dj ldrs gSaA

blosQ foijhr ledkyhu diM+s osQ dkj[kkus vkSj LVsuySl LVhy m|ksxgekjh LFkkuh; ufn;ksa vkSj fe^h dks çnwf"kr djrs gSaA

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";68

osQjy dh ,d ydM+h ij uDdk'kh djus okys f'kYih us crk;k–^^ge taxyksa esa tkrs gSa vkSj ,slkmfpr isM+ pqurs gSa] tks fdlh Hkh izdkj ls fof{kIr u gksA rRi'pkr~ fdlh 'kqHk fnu vkSj le; ijge feBkbZ vkSj pkoy] isM+ osQ le{k p<+krs gSaA izkFkZuk esa ge isM+ ij jgus okys lHkh thoksa] if{k;ksavkSj dhVksa ls ekI+kQh ek¡xrs gSa rFkk vk'oklu nsrs gSa fd ;|fi ge mUgsa muosQ ?kj vkSj Hkkstu lsoafpr dj jgs gSa] rFkkfi ge ydM+h dk iz;ksx vPNs iz;kstu osQ fy, djsaxs vkSj ,d Hkh VqdM+kcjckn ugha gksus nsaxsA¸

µ'kksfHkrk iaqtkHkkjr osQ laxzgky;

laj{k.k dk vHkkotgk¡ ikjaifjd :i ls ;tekuh laj{k.k iz.kkyh vFkok LFkkuh; eafnj o èkuhO;fDr] ”kehankj vFkok NksVs jktk o"kZ Hkj ;k de ls de ladV osQ le;lkekU;r% f'kYidkjksa dks leFkZu nsrs Fks] ogha vkèkqfud ukSdj'kkg jkT;ra=k,slk djus esa vliQy FkkA ih<+h nj ih<+h fodflr vkilh lacaèkksasa osQvkèkkj ij xzkeh.k crZu cukus okys] yqgkj vFkok laxhrdkj Hkh ;g tkursFks fd mudh lkekftd O;oLFkk esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA uhps nh xbZdgkuh }kjk jktLFkku osQ yksd laxhrdkjksa vkSj muosQ oa'kkuqxr laj{kdksa osQfj'rksa dks o£.kr fd;k x;k gSµ

gekjs ns'k esa O;kolkf;d yksd laxhrdkjksa osQ oa'kksa esa lcls csgrjhujktLFkku osQ Fkkj e#LFky osQ yaxk vkSj eaxfu;kj gSaA

bu nksuksa leqnk;ksa dk lokZfèkd vkd"kZd igyw leku ifjokjksa ls ih<+hnj ih<+h izkIr gksus okyk laj{k.k gSA tks eaxfu;kj fdlh fo'ks"k ifjokj osQfy, xkrk gS] mls èkkuh dgk tkrk gSA mls vius laj{kd osQ ifjokj osQ fdlhHkh egÙoiw.kZ dk;ZØe] tSls tUe] fookg ;k e`R;q osQ volj ij oqQNèkujkf'k nh tkrh gS vkSj mls ogk¡ ij dk;ZØe izLrqr djuk gh gksrk gSA èkkuhdk vfèkdkj [kkunkuh gS] blfy, ;fn og ipkl ifjokjksa ls lacafèkr gS vkSjmlosQ nks iq=k gSa rks mldk izR;sd csVk bu 25 ifjokjksa dk èkkuh cu tk,xkbR;kfnA ;gk¡ rd fd bu ifjokjksa osQ os lnL;] tks dk;ZØe izLrqr ugha djrsgSa] os Hkh oqQN fuèkkZfjr Hkqxrku osQ gdnkj gksrs gSaA

ysfdu bl lacaèk osQ oqQN iw.kZr;k fof'k"V igyw Hkh gSaA D;k vki ;dhudj ldrs gSa fd ;fn dksbZ izLrqrdrkZ vius laj{kd ls [kq'k ugha gS] rks ogmls rykd* ns ldrk gS\ ,slh fLFkfr esa rykd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx gh fd;ktkrk gS! viuk fojksèk ntZ djkus osQ igys dne osQ :i esa] izLrqrdrkZ viuslaj{kd osQ ifjokj osQ lEeku eas cus xhrksa dks xkuk can dj nsrk gSA ;fnbldk dksbZ izHkko ugha gksrk gS] rks og vius laj{kd osQ ?kj osQ ckgj jsresa viuh ixfM+;k¡ nck nsrk gSA ;fn bldk Hkh dksbZ izHkko ugha gksrk rks oglaj{kd osQ ?kj osQ ckgj vius ok| ;a=kksa osQ rkj xkM+uk vkjaHk dj nsrk gSA

69orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

bls vafre mik; osQ :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] tks ;g n'kkZrk gS fd yaxk;k eaxfu;kj vc dHkh Hkh laj{kd osQ ?kj esa fdlh Hkh lekjksg esa laxhrugha ctk,¡xsA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i vDlj laj{kd dks xaHkhj ifj.kke >syusiM+rs gSa] tSls mls vc vius iq=kksa vkSj iqf=k;ksa dh 'kknh djus esa dfBukbZvkrh gS ;k og LFkkuh; lekt esa g¡lh dk ik=k cu tkrk gS D;ksafd Øksfèkrlaxhrdkj vi'kCn okys xhrksa ls laj{kd ij O;ax djrk gSA

½.k lqfo/k,¡bldh rqyuk esa] vkt osQ f'kYidkjksa dks ml y?kq lgdkfjrk] ftlls oslacafèkr gSa] ;k fiQj fo'o osQ fdlh vU; Hkkx esa cSBs nwjLFk ozsQrk] tksbaVjusV ij mudk mRikn [kjhnrs gSa] muls leFkZu fey ldrk gS] ysfduvfèkdka'kr% mUgsa viuk fuokZg Lo;a gh djuk gksrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls fdlhvkink] tSls Hkwdai ;k lqukeh osQ ckn vFkok ns'k osQ vU; Hkkx esadHkh&dHkkj yxus okys jkT; }kjk vk;ksftr f'kYi ck”kkj esa Hkkx ysus osQfy, çk;% cSad ls ½.k ysdj Lo;a dh lgk;rk djuh gksrh gSA

f'kYi leqnk;ksa dks viuk mRikn rS;kj djus] dPpk eky [kjhnus] viusmidj.kksa esa lqèkkj djus vkSj u, ck”kkjksa esa vkiwfrZ djus osQ fy, dk;Z'khyi¡wth dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vlaxfBr {ks=k osQ fy, cgqr de ½.klqfoèkk,¡ vFkok chek uhfr;k¡ gSaA f'kYidkjksa dks Lo;a dks ½.knkrkvksa lseqDr djus osQ fy, lqyHk ½.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA cSadksa dks f'kYileqnk;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd mnkjho`Qr ½.k ;kstuk,¡ cukuh pkfg,] rkfd mUgsaegktuksa osQ d”kZ ls eqDr fd;k tk losQ vkSj f'kYi osQ iqu% çorZu esafuos'k djus esa mudh lgk;rk dh tk losQA

ikjaifjd vkSj LFkkuh; ck”kkjvc f'kYi leqnk; mu ewY;ksa ij ikjaifjd eky dk mRiknu ugha djldrs] tks xjhc xzkeh.k miHkksDrk ogu dj losaQA miHkksDrk vkSj xzkeh.kbrus xjhc gSa fd ikjaifjd f'kYidkj vius lcls cM+s xzkgdksa dks [kks jgsgSa vkSj bl izdkj ls tkus&ekus xzkgdksa vkSj mudh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZosQ fy, uokpkj dh l`tukRed izfØ;k dks NksM+ pqosQ gSaA

lk{kjrk vkSj f'k{kkHkkjr esa f'kYidkj Li"V :i ls f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk esa varj O;Dr djrsgSaA f'kYidkj n{k gksrk gS] ysfdu og ,d vVwV fodflr gksrh ijaijk dkHkaMkj gksrk gSA ;g ifjHkk"kk mlosQ fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh gS] tks f'kf{kr vkSjizfrHkk;qDr gksrk gSA og vius f'kYi esa n{k] ijarq i<+us vFkok fy[kus esavDlj fuj{kj gksrk gSA gekjs f'kYidkjksa dks Hkfo"; dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk

Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijEijk,¡ – orZeku] Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";70

djus osQ fy, fu;fer f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk nksuksa dh vko';drk gSAokLrfod izxfr osQ fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd dkjhxj lk{kj cusaA muosQfodkl dk ;g egÙoiw.kZ igyw c`gr dkS'ky izf'k{k.k ;kstuk dk Hkkx gksukpkfg,A ge f'kYi vkSj lekt osQ izfr vius dÙkZO; esa vliQy jgsaxs] ;fnf'kYi osQ izf'k{kq vFkok fu;fer izf'k{k.kk£Fk;ksa osQ :i esa futh vFkokljdkjh osaQnzksa ls izf'k{k.k izkIr dj jgs gSa ;qokvksa dks lkFk&lkFk lk{kjrk gsrqlqfoèkk,¡ iznku ugha dh tkrhaA lk{kjrk] mRiknu rFkk foi.ku dks c<+kus dhizfØ;k cSad ½.k izkIr djus rFkk OkS;fDrd vfèkdkjksa dks le>us vkSj vU;oxks± ls 'kks"k.k dks jksdus osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ gSA

vkxkeh ih<+h osQ fy, mUgsa f'kYi lacaèkh dk;ZØeksa dk fodkl djukpkfg,A rduhdh f'kYi leqnk; esa usr`Ro osQ xq.kksa dk fodkl djus]rduhdh lqèkkj esa lgk;rk djus] mRiknu c<+kus] csgrj dk;Z n'kkvksa dkfuekZ.k djus vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ vk£Fkd Lrj dks c<+kus osQ fy, dk;ZØevkSj ifj;kstuk,¡ cukbZ tkuh pkfg,A f'kYidkjksa dks ;g lh[kuk pkfg, fdu, xzkgdksa rFkk mudh vko';drkvksa dks oSQls le>k tk, vkSj viusmRiknksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ oSQls cuk;k tk,A mUgsa lh[kuk pkfg, fd os fdlu;h lkexzh osQ lkFk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA bl ns'k esa LokLF;] f'k{kk] i;kZIrvkJ; vkSj dk;Z&LFky izR;sd ukxfjd dk vfèkdkj gSA bl ckr ls budkjugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ;fn gekjs f'kYidkjksa ij mfpr izdkj ls è;kuugha fn;k tkrk] mudh ns[kHkky ugha dh tkrh] mUgsa ekU;rk ugha nh tkrh]rks f'kYi dk;Zdykiksa dk okLrfod :i ls fodkl ugha gks ldrkA ,slk gkusij gh ge ;g vk'kk dj ldrs gSa fd f'kYi viuh thoarrk vkSj xfjekdks Hkfo"; esa lapkfjr dj losQxkA

izkphu Hkkjr esa] f'kYi vkSj dyk nksuksa dk LFkku led{k Fkk] nksuksa gh ?kj]eafnj vkSj nSfud thou dk vfHkUu vax Fks vkSj izn'kZfu;ksa vFkok ck”kkj esacspus okyh oLrqvksa osQ :i esa ugha ns[ks tkrs FksA

µ ySyk rS;cth

f'kYidkjksa dks lekt esa muosQ mfpr LFkku ij iqu% inLFkkfir djus osQfy, Hkkjrh;ksa osQ nSfud thou esa f'kYi dks okil ykuk igyk dne gksxkAHkfo"; esa Hkkjr osQ ;qok f'kfYi;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ls ikjaifjd f'kYi] lektesa ,d u;k eqdke ik losQxkA

71orZeku esa f'kYi leqnk;

vH;kl1- f'kYidkj orZeku vk£Fkd fLFkfr esa viuk ntkZ vkSj lEekuuh; LFkku iqu% oSQls

izkIr dj ldrs gSa\

2- fuEufyf[kr fcanqvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, cky Je osQ gkfudkjd izHkkoksa osQckjs eas ,d y?kq ys[k fy[ksa–l vk£kFkd 'kks"k.kl yach dk;kZofèkl 'kS{kf.kd rFkk euksjatu lqfoèkkvksa dk vHkkol LokLF; lacaèkh tksf[ke – nq?kZVuk,¡] chekjh] fgalk] jlk;uksa dk gkfudkjd

izHkkol HkkokRed rFkk ekufld nqO;Zogkj rFkk 'kks"k.k

3- vius {ks=k osQ yksxksa dks lacksfèkr djus gsrq foyqIr gksrs dPps eky* ij Hkk"k.kfyf[k,A Hkkjrh; laLo`Qfr osQ lanHkZ esa vius jkT; osQ f'kYiksa osQ ;ksxnku dko.kZu dhft,A dPps eky dh deh osQ dkj.k vkSj mlosQ çHkko dh Hkh ppkZdhft,A

4- gkFkh nk¡r] 'kgrw'k vkSj panu dh ydM+hµ bu lHkh oLrqvksa ij çfrcaèk yxkgSA buosQ xSj dkuwuh O;kikj dk [kqyklk djus osQ fy, ^fLVax vkWçs'ku* djusdh uhfr fuèkkZfjr djsaA

5- izkFkfed Ldwy osQ cPpksa osQ fy, ,d ikB ;kstuk rS;kj djsa] ftlls mUgsays[ku@vadxf.kr tSlk dksbZ ,d lk{kjrk dkS'ky vkSj vius ifjokj osQ f'kYidks #fpiw.kZ <ax ls lh[kus esa lgk;rk fey losQA

6- {ks=kh; ijaijkvksa esa f'kYidkjksa ,oa muosQ }kjk ç;ksx esa yk, tkus okys dPpseky osQ chp xgjk lacaèk gksrk gSA fdlh ,d ,slh ijaijk@èkk£edvuq"Bku@laLdkj@R;ksgkj ij 'kksèk djsa vkSj mldk lfoLrkj o.kZu djsaA