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PageReporte semanal de Fatalidades (y Catastrophes) 1El Póster de la OSHA 2MSDS (ahora SDS) - (HAZCOM) 3-4Tus derechos de reportar abusos de la empresa 5-6Negarse a trabajar debido a conditiones peligrosas 7Registros de lesionados y enfermos (Formulario “OSHA 300”) 8¿Quién tiene que pagar por el EPP? 9-10¿Cómo leo las normas de la OSHA? 11Recursos 12Entiender www.OSHA.gov 13¡Identifique los peligros! 14Derechos del Trabajador/Empleado - ¿Cómo Reportar Quejas? 15-18Enfoque 4: Golpeado ~ Atrapado ~ Caídas ~ Electrocutación 19-24Casos de estudio: Aerial Lift ~ Excavacíon ~ Andamio 25-27Ergonomics - Lesiones de la espalda 28Sílice Cristalina 29-30Seguridad relacionado con el incendio 31Guardas de maquinaria ~ Herramientas ~ Sangre 32Formulario JSA 33
www.osha.gov 800-321-OSHA (6742)
www.StevenStLaurent.com, Inc. OSHA Training that doesn't bore you to death in English, Portuguese or Spanish!Nationwide Onsite, Online and via Webinar!" OSHA 10 & 30; LO/TO; Confined Space; Fork, Aerial & Scissor Lifts" First Aid, CPR, AED, Bloodborne Pathogens" HAZWOPER" Lead RRP" more…19 Pierce Ave., Suite C #16Fitchburg, MA 01420Office: [email protected]
OSHA 10 & 30-hras Outreach TrainingÍndice
HANDOUT #1Weekly Fatality/Catastrophe Report
1
Weekly Fatality/Catastrophe Report SAMPLE of Actual Report
This table contains the weekly summaries of fatalities and catastrophes resulting in the hospitalization of threeor more workers. Employers must report these incidents to OSHA within eight hours. The summaries belowinclude only preliminary information, as reported to OSHA Area Offices or to States which operate OSHA-approved State Plans. The fatalities listed here include only those that initially appear to be work-related, butexcludes fatalities that do not appear to be work-related, such as an apparent heart attack of a sedentaryworker. OSHA investigates all work-related fatalities and catastrophes. After OSHA's investigation is complete,these reports will be updated with inspection results and citation information.
Weekly Summary (Federal and State data tabulated week ending Dec 25, 2009)FATALITIES
Date of Incident Company and Location Preliminary Description of Incident12/17/2009 Manion & Associates, Inc.,
Brandenburg, KY 40108
Two workers were doing road surveying each on either side of the
road. A civilian driver came over the hill and suddenly applied his
brakes, even though no person, equipment, or car was in the
road. This caused his car to spin off the road, running over one of
the workers.
12/17/2009 TBM, Inc.,
Visalia, CA 93277
Worker fell from a ladder while working inside an airplane.
12/18/2009 Pro-Tech Contracting of Georgia
LLC,
Lawrenceville, GA
Worker was securing tarp on a roof (not wearing fall protection,
although it was available) and fell 35 feet to lower level.
12/18/2009 Sonoma Compost Company, LLC,
Petaluma, CA 94952
Worker was on ground when he was run over by a front loader.
12/19/2009 Auto Zone Store,
Oakland, CA 94603
Security guard worker was shot three times during robbery. The
assailants took his weapon.
12/20/2009 Gateco,
Newbery Park, CA 91360
Worker, who is the owner, was doing electrical work and fell
through the skylight. (No inspection planned)
12/20/2009 Premier Asphalt and Masonry,
Inc.,
Coram, NY 11727
Worker was found in vehicle with engine running; carbon
monoxide over exposure.
12/21/2009 County of Los Angeles - Office of
Education,
Downey, CA 90242
Worker was found unconscious in her cubicle by a janitor.
(Inspection planned)
12/21/2009 Country Club Auto Repair, Inc.,
Lake Charles, LA 70305
Worker was repairing a roof insulation and fell 14 feet to the
ground.
12/21/2009 Estes Express Lines,
Seekonk, MA 02771
Worker was crushed between the forklift he was operating and a
concrete bollard next to the loading dock door after stepped off
the forklift.
12/21/2009 Kenvelm, Inc. dba KE Beal
Company,
Cape Coral, FL 33919
Worker was part of a four man tree trimming crew and was in the
process of cutting down a 25-foot palm tree. Worker walked into
the path of the falling tree and was struck by the tree.
12/22/2009 3 ML Construction Company, Inc.,
Methuen, MA
Worker was installing shingles and moving planks on a roof and
fell 20' 6" from the roof to a driveway below.
IMS Company Old Bull Mold Grease Page 1 of 4 Validation Date: Material Safety Data Sheet L-0036-L0040 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Section 1 – PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION Manufacturer IMS Company Emergency Phone 800-424-9300 10373 Stafford Road Prepared by Product Safety Advisor
Chagrin Falls, OH 44023-5296 Prepared/Revised April 19, 2006 WEB imscompany.com E-mail [email protected]
Item Number Size Former Item Number 107320 2 ounce jar SAG1-OB500-2 107439 14 ounce cartridge SAG1-OB500-14C 105998 16 ounce jar SAG1-OB500-16 107526 8 pounds, 1 gallon pail SAG1-OB500-1G
107433 42 pounds, 5 gallon pail SAG1-OB500-5G Hazardous Material Information System
H ealth 1 F lammability 1 R eactivity 1 P rotection X 0 Normal use Material 0 Will Not Burn 0 Stable X = Consult the 1 Slight Hazard (temporary) 1 Possible to Burn 1 Unstable if Heated MSDS and 2 Health Affected (lengthy) 2 Burns if Heated 2 Violent Chemical Change your supervisor 3 Extreme Danger 3 Easily Burns 3 Shock and Heat Sensitive for your special 4 Severe or Fatal 4 Very Easily Burns 4 May Explode workplace need * Chronic (Accumulates) NOTE The HMIS may not be enough hazard information for this chemical in all workplaces. The HMIS system requires mployee training about the system and about information in this MSDS. e
Section 2 – INGREDIENTS INFORMATION #
C
hemical/Common Name C
AS-Number % P
EL-OSHA T
LV-ACGIH
1 1-Decene homopolymer 68037-01-4 70 to 90 5mg/m3 5mg/m3 2 Organophillic clay 68953-58-2 5 to 25 10 mg/m3 (4) 0.1 mg/m3 (4) 3 Polytetrafluoroethylene 9002-84-0 0.1 to 10 (1) (3) (1) (3) 4 Methylene bis dithiocarbonate 10254-57-6 0.1 to 10 (1) 5 mg/m3 5 Zinc oxide (2) 1314-13-2 0.1 to 10 5mg/m3 5mg/m3
(1) Not Established (2) Subject to SARA Title III Section 313 reporting requirements. (3) Manufacturer's exposure level is 5mg/m3 for respirable dust. (4) As respirable quartz.
T his product Does Not Contain carcinogens according to NTP, IARC, or OSHA.
Section 3 – HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION E MERGENCY OVERVIEW Small amount (very thick material) is not expected to cause any emergency condition. H EALTH EFFECTS (Acute and Chronic)
Nose No vapors expected. Vapors from elevated temperatures may cause respiratory irritation, harmful if spirated into lungs. Vapors from over 400º F (204º C) may cause “Fume Fever.” a
Mouth M ay be harmful if swallowed. Possible irritation, nausea, or diarrhea.
Eyes M inimal irritation, tearing, reddening, or swelling. Avoid prolonged contact.
Skin May irritate skin. Avoid long-term contact. Prolonged contact may result in defatting, drying which may lead to irritation, dermatitis, allergic reaction. If injected under skin (with a high pressure grease gun),
ecrosis could result. n
Chronic N
ot available
P RIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY Skin, Eye MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE Preexisting skin, and eye disorders could be aggravated
y exposure to this type of product. b
• Denying benefits• Failing to hire or rehire• Intimidation• Reassignment affecting promotion prospects• Reducing pay or hours
Filing a ComplaintIf you believe that your employer retaliated againstyou because you exercised your legal rights as anemployee, contact your local OSHA office as soon aspossible, because you must file your complaint withinthe legal time limits. OSHA conducts an in-depthinterview with each complainant to determinewhether to conduct an investigation. For more infor-mation, call your closest OSHA Regional Office:
• Boston (617) 565-9860• NewYork (212) 337-2378• Philadelphia (215) 861-4900• Atlanta (404) 562-2300• Chicago (312) 353-2220• Dallas (972) 850-4145• Kansas City (816) 283-8745• Denver (720) 264-6550• San Francisco (415) 625-2547• Seattle (206) 553-5930
Addresses, fax numbers and other contact informa-tion for these offices can be found on OSHA’s website,www.osha.gov, and in local directories. Some com-plaints must be filed in writing and some may be filedverbally (call your local OSHA office for assistance).Written complaints may be filed by mail (we recom-mend certified mail), fax, or hand-delivered duringbusiness hours. The date postmarked, faxed or hand-delivered is considered the date filed.
If retaliation for protected activity relating to occupa-tional safety and health issues takes place in a statethat operates an OSHA-approved state plan, the com-plaint should be filed with the state agency, althoughpersons in those states may file with Federal OSHA atthe same time. Although the Occupational Safety and
Whistleblower Laws Enforced by OSHAEach law requires that complaints be filed within acertain number of days after the alleged retaliation.
You may file complaints by telephone or in writingunder the:• Occupational Safety and Health Act (30 days)• SurfaceTransportation Assistance Act
(180 days)• Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(90 days)• International Safe Container Act (60 days)• Federal Rail Safety Act (180 days)• NationalTransit Systems Security Act (180 days)
Under the following laws, complaints must be filed inwriting:• Clean Air Act (30 days)• Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (30 days)• Energy Reorganization Act (180 days)• Federal Water Pollution Control Act (30 days)• Pipeline Safety Improvement Act (180 days)• Safe Drinking Water Act (30 days)• Sarbanes-Oxley Act (90 days)• Solid Waste Disposal Act (30 days)• Toxic Substances Control Act (30 days)• Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform
Act for the 21st Century (90 days)
Unfavorable Personnel ActionsYour employer may be found to have retaliatedagainst you if your protected activity was a contribut-ing or motivating factor in its decision to take unfa-vorable personnel action against you.Such actions may include:• Firing or laying off• Blacklisting• Demoting• Denying overtime or promotion• Disciplining
FactSheetYour Rights as a WhistleblowerYou may file a complaint with OSHA if your employer retaliates against you by taking unfa-vorable personnel action because you engaged in protected activity relating to workplacesafety and health, commercial motor carrier safety, pipeline safety, air carrier safety,nuclear safety, the environment, asbestos in schools, corporate fraud, SEC rules orregulations, railroad carrier safety or security, or public transportation agency safetyor security.
Handout #4
1
Health Act covers only private sector employees, stateplans also cover state and local government employ-ees. For details, see http://www.osha.gov/fso/osp/index.html.
How OSHA Determines Whether RetaliationTook PlaceThe investigation must reveal that:• The employee engaged in protected activity;• The employer knew about the protected activity;• The employer took an adverse action; and• The protected activity was the motivating factor (or
under some laws, a contributing factor) in the deci-sion to take the adverse action against the employee.
If the evidence supports the employee’s allegationand a settlement cannot be reached, OSHA will issuean order requiring the employer to reinstate theemployee, pay back wages, restore benefits, andother possible remedies to make the employee whole.
Limited Protections for EmployeesWho Refuse to WorkYou have a limited right under the OSH Act to refuseto do a job because conditions are hazardous. Youmay do so under the OSH Act only when (1) youbelieve that you face death or serious injury (and thesituation is so clearly hazardous that any reasonableperson would believe the same thing); (2) you havetried to get your employer to correct the condition,and there is no other way to do the job safely; and (3)the situation is so urgent that you do not have time toeliminate the hazard through regulatory channelssuch as calling OSHA.
Regardless of the unsafe condition, you are not pro-tected if you simply walk off the job. For details, seehttp://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/refuse.html. OSHAcannot enforce union contracts or state laws that giveemployees the right to refuse to work.
Whistleblower Protections intheTransportation IndustryEmployees whose jobs directly affect commercialmotor vehicle safety are protected from retaliation bytheir employers for refusing to violate or for reporting
violations of Department of Transportation (DOT)motor carrier safety standards or regulations, or refus-ing to operate a vehicle because of such violations orbecause they have a reasonable apprehension ofdeath or serious injury.
Similarly, employees of air carriers, their contractorsor subcontractors who raise safety concerns or reportviolations of FAA rules and regulations are protectedfrom retaliation, as are employees of owners andoperators of pipelines, their contractors and subcon-tractors who report violations of pipeline safety rulesand regulations. Employees involved in internationalshipping who report unsafe shipping containers arealso protected. In addition, employees of railroad car-riers or public transportation agencies, their contrac-tors or subcontractors who report safety or securityconditions or violations of federal rules and regula-tions relating to railroad or public transportation safe-ty or security are protected from retaliation.
Whistleblower Protections forVoicing Environmental ConcernsA number of laws protect employees who report vio-lations of environmental laws related to drinkingwater and water pollution, toxic substances, solidwaste disposal, air quality and air pollution, asbestosin schools, and hazardous waste disposal sites. TheEnergy Reorganization Act protects employees whoraise safety concerns in the nuclear power industryand in nuclear medicine.
Whistleblower Protections When ReportingCorporate FraudEmployees who work for publicly traded companiesor companies required to file certain reports with theSecurities and Exchange Commission are protectedfrom retaliation for reporting alleged mail, wire, orbank fraud; violations of rules or regulations of theSEC, or federal laws relating to fraud against share-holders.
More InformationTo obtain more information on whistleblower laws,go to www.osha.gov, and click on the link for“Whistleblower Protection.”
This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.
U.S. Department of Laborwww.osha.gov
(800) 321-OSHA
For more complete information:
DEP 11/2007
Handout #4
2
HANDOUT #5Refusing to Work because Conditions are Dangerous
Source: http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/refuse.html
Workers have the right to refuse to do a job if they believe in good faith that theyare exposed to an imminent danger. "Good faith" means that even if an imminentdanger is not found to exist, the worker had reasonable grounds to believe that it didexist.
The United States Supreme Court, in the Whirlpool case, issued the landmark rulingwhich more clearly defined a worker's right to refuse work where an employee hasreasonable apprehension that death or serious injury or illness might occur as aresult of performing the work. However, as a general rule, you do not have theright to walk off the job because of unsafe conditions.
REFUSING WORK IS PROTECTED IF:Your right to refuse to do a task isprotected if ALL of the followingconditions are met:9 Where possible, you have askedthe employer to eliminate thedanger, and the employer failed todo so; and
9 You refused to work in "goodfaith." This means that you mustgenuinely believe that animminent danger exists. Yourrefusal cannot be a disguisedattempt to harass your employeror disrupt business; and
9 A reasonable person would agreethat there is a real danger ofdeath or serious injury; and
9 There isn't enough time, due tothe urgency of the hazard, to getit corrected through regularenforcement channels, such asrequesting an OSHA inspection.
CONDITIONS ARE MET, NEXT STEPS:When all of these conditions are met,you take the following steps:9 Ask your employer to correct thehazard;
9 Ask your employer for other work;9 Tell your employer that you won'tperform the work unless and untilthe hazard is corrected; and
9 Remain at the worksite untilordered to leave by youremployer.
The table below offers a few “IF/THEN” scenarios to follow.
IF THENYou believe working conditions are unsafeor unhealthful.
Call your employer's attention to theproblem.
Your employer does not correct the hazardor disagrees with you about the extent ofthe hazard.
You may file a complaint with OSHA.
Your employer discriminates against youfor refusing to perform the dangerouswork.
Contact OSHA immediately.
Year
City
Sta
te
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(M)
(G)
(H)
(I)(J
)(K
)(L
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5
)(6
)1
Tam
my
New
com
erC
hem
ist
2/5
Lab
Bre
athi
ng d
iffic
ulty
-inha
led
X13
X
chl
orin
e ga
s
2Pa
tJam
esEl
ectr
ican
3/4
Mai
nten
ance
Dep
tG
unsh
otw
ound
left
shou
lder
X25
28X
Occ
upat
iona
l Saf
ety
and
Hea
lth A
dmin
istra
tion
Log
of W
ork-
Rel
ated
Inju
ries
and
Illne
sses
2009
Empl
oyee
's N
ame
Day
s aw
ay
from
wor
kR
emai
ned
at w
ork
Hearing Loss
Atte
ntio
n: T
his
form
con
tain
s in
form
atio
n re
latin
g to
em
ploy
ee h
ealth
and
mus
t be
used
in a
man
ner
that
pro
tect
s th
e co
nfid
entia
lity
of e
mpl
oyee
s to
the
exte
nt p
ossi
ble
whi
le th
e in
form
atio
n is
bei
ng u
sed
for o
ccup
atio
nal s
afet
y an
d he
alth
pur
pose
s.U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
OSH
A's
Form
300
(Rev
. 01/
2004
)
Poisoning
Dat
e of
in
jury
or
onse
t of
illne
ss
CH
ECK
ON
LY O
NE
box
for e
ach
case
bas
ed o
n th
e m
ost s
erio
us o
utco
me
for t
hat c
ase:
Job
trans
fer
or re
stric
tion
AB
C C
o.
US
AA
nyw
here
Che
ck th
e "in
jury
" col
umn
or c
hoos
e on
e ty
pe o
f ill
ness
:Jo
b Ti
tle (
e.g.
, W
elde
r)
Iden
tify
the
pers
onC
lass
ify th
e ca
seD
escr
ibe
the
case
Est
ablis
hmen
t nam
e
You m
ust r
ecor
d info
rmati
on ab
out e
very
wor
k-re
lated
injur
y or il
lness
that
involv
es lo
ss of
cons
cious
ness
, res
tricted
wor
k acti
vity o
r job t
rans
fer, d
ays a
way f
rom
work
, or m
edica
l trea
tmen
t be
yond
first
aid. Y
ou m
ust a
lso re
cord
sign
ifican
t wor
k-re
lated
injur
ies an
d illn
esse
s tha
t are
diag
nose
d by a
phys
ician
or lic
ense
d hea
lth ca
re pr
ofess
ional.
You
mus
t also
reco
rd w
ork-
relat
ed
injur
ies an
d illn
esse
s tha
t mee
t any
of th
e spe
cific
reco
rding
crite
ria lis
ted in
29 C
FR 19
04.8
throu
gh 19
04.12
. Fee
l free
to us
e two
lines
for a
sing
le ca
se if
you n
eed t
o. Y
ou m
ust c
omple
te an
inj
ury a
nd ill
ness
incid
ent r
epor
t (OS
HA F
orm
301)
or eq
uivale
nt for
m for
each
injur
y or il
lness
reco
rded
on th
is for
m. If
you'r
e not
sure
whe
ther a
case
is re
cord
able,
call y
our lo
cal O
SHA
office
for
help.
Form
app
rove
d O
MB
no. 1
218-
0176
Respiratory Condition
Away
Fr
om
Wor
k (d
ays)
All other illnesses
Skin Disorder
(mo.
/day
)
Injury
Cas
e N
o.
Ente
r the
num
ber o
f da
ys th
e in
jure
d or
ill
wor
ker w
as:
Dea
th
Whe
re th
e ev
ent o
ccur
red
(e.g
. Lo
adin
g do
ck n
orth
end
)D
escr
ibe
inju
ry o
r illn
ess,
par
ts o
f bod
y af
fect
ed,
and
obje
ct/s
ubst
ance
that
dire
ctly
inju
red
or m
ade
pers
on il
l (e.
g. S
econ
d de
gree
bur
ns o
n rig
ht
fore
arm
from
ace
tyle
ne to
rch)
On
job
trans
fer o
r re
stric
tion
(day
s)O
ther
reco
rd-
able
cas
es
2Pa
t Jam
esEl
ectr
ican
3/4
Mai
nten
ance
Dep
t.G
unsh
ot w
ound
left
shou
lder
X25
28X
fr
om e
x-w
ife o
n 3r
d sh
ift
3Jo
se O
rteg
aC
NA
5/30
3rd
Fl, S
outh
win
gH
erni
a, lo
wer
righ
t abd
omen
X
5X
fr
om li
fting
resi
dent
4G
eorg
ina
Gon
zella
Wel
der
6/29
Wel
ding
Are
aW
elde
r fla
sh, b
oth
eyes
from
XX
TIG
wel
der
5W
illia
m H
andw
erk
Tem
p H
elp
8/7
Ship
ping
Dep
artm
ent
Bro
ke le
ft w
rist f
rom
fall
to
X5
15X
d
ock
floor
6Pr
ivac
y C
ase
Jani
tor
10/4
Rm
6, 2
nd F
l, N
eedl
estic
k fr
om u
sed
syrin
geX
XN
orth
Win
g
R
ight
Han
d
7El
len
Bas
sPr
ess
Opr
12/5
Shee
t Met
al D
ept.
Hea
ring
loss
, rig
ht e
arX
X
Pag
e to
tals
03
13
4348
40
10
11
Page
1 of
1(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5
)(6
)
Hearing Loss
Injury
Be
sure
to tr
ansf
er th
ese
tota
ls to
the
Sum
mar
y pa
ge (F
orm
300
A) b
efor
e yo
u po
st it
.
Respiratory Condition
Publi
c rep
ortin
g bur
den f
or th
is co
llecti
on of
infor
matio
n is e
stima
ted to
aver
age 1
4 minu
tes pe
r res
pons
e, inc
luding
time t
o re
view
the in
struc
tion,
sear
ch an
d gath
er th
e data
need
ed, a
nd co
mplet
e and
revie
w the
colle
ction
of in
forma
tion.
Pe
rson
s are
not r
equir
ed to
resp
ond t
o the
colle
ction
of in
forma
tion u
nless
it dis
plays
a cu
rrentl
y vali
d OMB
contr
ol nu
mber
. If y
ou ha
ve an
y com
ments
abou
t thes
e esti
mates
or an
y asp
ects
of thi
s data
colle
ction
, con
tact:
US D
epar
tmen
t of
Labo
r, OS
HA O
ffice o
f Stat
istics
, Roo
m N-
3644
, 200
Con
stitut
ion A
ve, N
W, W
ashin
gton,
DC 20
210.
Do n
ot se
nd th
e co
mplet
ed fo
rms t
o this
offic
e.
Skin Disorder
Poisoning
All other illnesses
Handout #6
HANDOUT #7Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that employers protect youfrom workplace hazards that can cause injury or illness. Controlling a hazard at its source is thebest way to protect workers. However, when engineering, work practice and administrativecontrols are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personalprotective equipment (PPE) to you and ensure its use.
PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples include itemssuch as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing protection (earplugs, muffs), hard hatsand respirators.
Employers Must Pay for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
On May 15, 2008, a new OSHA rule about employer payment for PPE went into effect. With fewexceptions, OSHA now requires employers to pay for personal protective equipment used tocomply with OSHA standards. The final rule does not create new requirements regarding whatPPE employers must provide.
The standard makes clear that employers cannot require workers to providetheir own PPE and the worker’s use of PPE they already own must becompletely voluntary. Even when a worker provides his or her own PPE, theemployer must ensure that the equipment is adequate to protect the workerfrom hazards at the workplace.
Examples of PPE that Employers Must Pay for Include:
� Metatarsal foot protection� Rubber boots with steel toes� Non-prescription eye protection� Prescription eyewear inserts/lenses for
full face respirators� Goggles and face shields
� Fire fighting PPE (helmet, gloves, boots,proximity suits, full gear)
� Hard hats� Hearing protection� Welding PPE
Employer Obligations Workers should:9 Performing a "hazard assessment" of the
workplace to identify and control physicaland health hazards.
9 Identifying and providing appropriate PPEfor employees.
9 Training employees in the use and care ofthe PPE.
9 Maintaining PPE, including replacing wornor damaged PPE.
9 Periodically reviewing, updating andevaluating the effectiveness of the PPEprogram.
9 Properly wear PPE9 Attend training sessions on PPE9 Care for, clean and maintain PPE, an9 Inform a supervisor of the need to repair
or replace PPE.
1
HANDOUT #7Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE
Payment Exceptions under the OSHA Rule
Employers are not required to pay for some PPE in certain circumstances:� Non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear (including steel-toe shoes or boots) and non-
specialty prescription safety eyewear provided that the employer permits such items to beworn off the job site. (OSHA based this decision on the fact that this type of equipment isvery personal, is often used outside the workplace, and that it is taken by workers fromjobsite to jobsite and employer to employer.)
� Everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal workboots.
� Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather,such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinarysunglasses, and sunscreen
� Items such as hair nets and gloves worn by food workers for consumer safety.� Lifting belts because their value in protecting the back is questionable.� When the employee has lost or intentionally damaged the PPE and it must be replaced.
OSHA Standards that Apply
OSHA General Industry PPE Standards� 1910.132: General requirements and
payment� 1910.133: Eye and face protection� 1910.134: Respiratory protection� 1910.135: Head protection� 1910.136: Foot protection� 1910.137: Electrical protective devices� 1910.138: Hand protection
OSHA Construction PPE Standards� 1926.28: Personal protective equipment� 1926.95: Criteria for personal protective
equipment� 1926.96: Occupational foot protection� 1926.100: Head protection� 1926.101: Hearing protection� 1926.102: Eye and face protection� 1926.103: Respiratory protection
There are also PPE requirements in shipyards and marine terminals and many standards onspecific hazards, such as 1910.1030: Bloodborne pathogens and 1910.146: Permit-requiredconfined spaces.
OSHA standards are online at www.osha.gov.
Sources:� Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE, New Jersey Work Environment Council
(WEC) Fact Sheet� OSHA Standards, 1910.132(h) and 1926.95(d)� Employer Payment for Personal Protective Equipment Final Rule, Federal Register:
November 15, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 220)
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HANDOUT #9Safety & Health Resources
Government Resources
OSHA: http://www.osha.gov/Contact the OSHA Office nearest you or
contact the toll free number:1-800-321-OSHA (6742)
NIOSH: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/Phone NIOSH at
1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)or Email at: [email protected]
NIOSH is a part of the Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention(http://www.cdc.gov/).
CDC has extensive information onhealth and safety topics.
COSH GROUPS
COSH groups are private, non-profit coalitionsof labor unions, health and technicalprofessionals, and others interested in
promoting and advocating for worker health andsafety. If you don’t see a COSH group in yourarea, check the NATIONAL COSH website for
local COSH groups.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY & HEALTH National COSH is a federationof local and statewide "COSH" groups:http://www.coshnetwork.org/
CACOSH – Chicago Area Committee onOccupational Safety and Health:
http://www.cacosh.org/
MASSCOSH –Massachusetts Coalition onOccupational Safety and Health:http://www.masscosh.org/
NYCOSH – New York Committee forOccupational Safety and Health:
http://www.nycosh.org/
PHILAPOSH – Philadelphia Area Project forOccupational Safety and Health:http://www.philaposh.org/
Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/).
Universities
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
School of Industrial and Labor Relations:http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/healthSafety/
LABOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PROGRAM, University of California atBerkeley: http://www.lohp.org/
NATIONAL LABOR COLLEGE, GeorgeMeany Center: http://www.nlc.edu/
UCLA, Labor Occupational Safety andHealth (UCLA-LOSH):
http://www.losh.ucla.edu/
Unions
The following is a sample list of unions with links to useful health and safety information.AFL-CIO: http://www.aflcio.org/issues/safety/
AFSCME: http://www.afscme.org/issues/73.cfm
eLCOSH – The Electronic Library of Construction Safety and Health is a collection of informationon construction safety and health developed by CPWR – Center for Construction Research and
Training, with funding by NIOSH: http://www.elcosh.org/
SEIU (Service Employees International Union) Health and Safety Department:http://www.seiu.org/a/members/safety-and-health.php
UAW Health and Safety Department: http://www.uaw.org/hs/
HANDOUT #10
Navigating the OSHA Website
http://www.osha.gov
The elements of this valuable source of occupational safety and health information are featured:
Graphic slideshow of OSHA highlights.Graphics are linked to the respective website.
Links to the most current OSHA news andinformation.
>Regulations/Standards >Enforcement>Laws & Rulemaking >Offices >S&H Topics>Training >How to File a Complaint >MORE
>Videos >Data & Statistics >Other Resources >MORE
Recent incidents, as well as weekly summaries are posted.
HANDOUT #11Identifying Safety and Health Problems in the Workplace
Excerpted from Safe Jobs Now: An AFSCME Guide to Health and Safety in the Workplace.
Identifying health and safety problems can be as easy as answering basic questions. To determine if thereare health and safety problems that need to be addressed in your workplace, use these questions:
x Do you or your co-workers have injuries or health complaints? If so, what types?x Who has been hurt or is having symptoms?x When do you or your co-workers feel these symptoms?x Where in the workplace are safety or health problems occurring?x What are the conditions that are causing problems?
HEALTH HAZARDS SAFETY HAZARDS
Common types of health hazards in the workplace
are:
o Chemical (asbestos, solvents, chlorine)o Biological (tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis, molds)o Physical (noise, heat and cold, radiation, vibration)o Ergonomics or Repetitive Strain Injuries (carpal
tunnel syndrome, back injuries)o Psychological (stress)
Common types of safety hazards in the workplace are:
o Slips, trips and fallso Being caught in or struck by moving machinery or other
objectso Fire and explosionso Transportation and vehicle-related accidentso Confined spaceso Violence
How health hazards enter your body:
o Breathing (inhalation)o Swallowing (ingestion)o Skin (absorption)o Cuts (injection)
Slips, Trips and Falls
o Bad housekeeping and poor drainage can make floors andother walking surfaces wet and slippery.
o Electrical wires along the floor pose a tripping hazard.o You can fall if you are not provided with fall protection
equipment, guardrails, and safe ladders.The harm caused by health hazards depends on:
o Strength, or potency, of the agent.o Amount of the agent that is present.o How long you are exposed to the agent.o Part of your body that is exposed.
Caught In or Struck By Moving Machinery/Objects
Machinery can cause injuries in different ways:o You can get parts of your body caught in or struck by
exposed moving parts if machines are not properlyguarded, or not locked out when being repaired.
o You can be struck by flying objects from machines withoutprotective guards.
Types of health effects:
o Acute: the effect shows up right away.o Chronic: problems show up after a long period of
exposure and/or long after the exposure ends.o Local: only the part of the body that was exposed
is affected.o Systemic: an agent enters the body and affects
other parts of the body.
Fire and Explosions
o Improper labeling, handling or storage of certain materialscan pose a risk of fire or explosion.
o Every workplace should have an evacuation plan for gettingpeople out of a building in case of fire and an alarm or alertsystem to quickly inform employees of an emergency.
o Every worker should be trained on what to do in case of anemergency.
Cancer
o Cancer is a term for many diseases in differentparts of the body.
o Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer.o There is no totally safe level of exposure to
something that causes cancer.o Cancer from a workplace exposure may develop
10, 20 or more years after the exposure.
Transportation and Vehicle-Related Accidents
o Operators of vehicles and equipment can be injured orcause injury to pedestrians if equipment is unsafe or ifadequate training has not been provided.
o You can be seriously injured or killed after being hit by avehicle while repairing roads or doing other work in trafficzones. This danger exists when traffic is not properlyrouted and/or adequate barriers are not placed betweenthe workers and the traffic.
Reproductive effects
o Both men and women can be affected byreproductive hazards at work.
o Reproductive hazards cause miscarriages and birthdefects.
Confined Spaces
o A confined space is an area with small openings for aworker to enter and exit and is not designed for regularwork. Examples of confined spaces include manholes,sewer digestors and silos. There are many hazards inconfined spaces.
o Workers can become unconscious and die from a lack ofoxygen.
o There may be too much oxygen, or other chemicals thatcan catch fire or explode.
o Poisonous gases and vapors, such as hydrogen sulfide orcarbon monoxide, may also build up in a confined space.
o Confined spaces can also pose physical hazards. They canbe very hot or cold, very loud, or slippery and wet.
o Grain, sand or gravel can bury a worker.Sensitization
o You may become allergic or sensitive to someagents you work with. Sensitization can developover time.
o For example, a health care worker may develop aserious allergic reaction to latex used in gloves.
Violence
o Violence on the job is a growing problem.o Homicides are the second leading cause of workplace
fatalities. Workplace violence includes physical assault aswell as near misses, verbal abuse and sexual harassment.
U. S. Department of LaborOccupational Safety and Health Administration
Notice of Alleged Safety or Health Hazards For the General Public: This form is provided for the assistance of any complainant and is not intended to constitute the exclusive means by which a complaint may be registered with the U.S. Department of Labor.
Sec 8(f)(1) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. 651, provides as follows: Any employees or representative of employees who believe that a violation of a safety or health standard exists that threatens physical harm, or that an imminent danger exists, may request an inspection by giving notice to the Secretary or his authorized representative of such violation or danger. Any such notice shall be reduced to writing, shall set forth with reasonable particularity the grounds for the notice, and shall be signed by the employee or representative of employees, and a copy shall be provided the employer or his agent no later than at the time of inspection, except that, upon request of the person giving such notice, his name and the names of individual employees referred to therein shall not appear in such copy or on any record published, released, or made available pursuant to subsection (g) of this section. If upon receipt of such notification the Secretary determines there are reasonable grounds to believe that such violation or danger exists, he shall make a special inspection in accordance with the provisions of this section as soon as practicable to determine if such violation or danger exists. If the Secretary determines there are no reasonable grounds to believe that a violation or danger exists, he shall notify the employees or representative of the employees in writing of such determination.
NOTE: Section 11(c) of the Act provides explicit protection for employees exercising their rights, including making safety and health complaints.
For Federal Employees: This report format is provided to assist Federal employees or authorized representatives in registering a report of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions with the U.S.Department of Labor.
The Secretary of Labor may conduct unannounced inspection of agency workplaces when deemed necessary if an agency does not have occupational safety and health committees established in accordance with Subpart F, 29 CFR 1960; or in response to the reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions upon request of such agency committees under Sec. 1-3, Executive Order 12196; or in the case of a report of imminent danger when such a committee has not responded to the report as required in Sec. 1-201(h).
INSTRUCTIONS: Open the form and complete the front page as accurately and completely as possible. Describe each hazard you think exists in as much detail as you can. If the hazards described in your complaint are not all in the same area,please identify where each hazard can be found at the worksite. If there is any particular evidence that supports your suspicion that a hazard exists (for instance, a recent accident or physical symptoms of employees at your site)include the information in your description. If you need more space than is provided on the form, continue on any other sheet of paper.
After you have completed the form, return it to your local OSHA office.
NOTE: It is unlawful to make any false statement, representation or certification in any document filed pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Violations can be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000. or by imprisonment of not more than six months, or by both. (Section 17(g))
Public reporting burden for this voluntary collection of information is estimated to vary from 15 to 25 minutes per response with an average of 17 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and persons are not required to respond to the collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB Control Number. Send comment regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the Directorate of Enforcement Programs, Department of Labor, Room N-3119, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC; 20210.
OMB Approval# 1218-0064; Expires: 03-31-2011Do not send the completed form to this Office.
OSHA-7(Rev. 9/93)
HANDOUT #12aFiling an OSHA Complaint – Tips for Completing the OSHA-7 Form
INSTRUCTIONS Provided on the Form:Open the form and complete the front page as accurately and completely as possible.Describe each hazard you think exists in as much detail as you can. If the hazardsdescribed in your complaint are not all in the same area, please identify where eachhazard can be found at the worksite. If there is any particular evidence that supportsyour suspicion that a hazard exists (for instance, a recent accident or physicalsymptoms of employees at your site) include the information in your description. If youneed more space than is provided on the form, continue on any other sheet of paper.After you have completed the form, return it to your local OSHA office.
Here are tips for completing the form:1. Be specific and include appropriate
details: The information on thecomplaint form may be the onlydescription of the hazard that theinspector will see before theinspection. The inspector will basehis or her research and planning onthis information.
2. Establishment Name, Address, &Type of Business: Be thorough andspecific. The inspector’s researchon the company and the industry’shazards will be based on thisinformation.
3. Hazard Description/Location: Thehazard description is the mostimportant part of the form. Youranswer should explain the hazardsclearly. If your complaint is aboutchemicals, identify them wheneverpossible and attach copies of labelsor MSDSs if you can. Identify thelocation so the inspector will knowwhere to look.
4. Has this condition been brought tothe attention of the employer oranother government agency? Youshould indicate on the form if youhave tried to get the employer to fixthe hazard before filing thecomplaint. Also, if another agency,such as a local fire or buildingdepartment, has been notified ofthese hazards, OSHA may want toconsult with them.
5. Do NOT reveal my name: OSHA will keep your name off the complaint, if you wish. Remember thatdiscrimination for health and safety activity is illegal. If you are a union representative, you maywish to have your name on the complaint.
6. Signature and address: It is important to sign the complaint if you want OSHA to conduct an onsiteinspection. Also, your address will allow OSHA to send copies of inspection related materials toyou.
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• Permanezca por lo menos a 10 pies de loscables aéreos y dé por sentado que están acti-vados.
• Desactive y ponga a tierra los cables cuando tra-baje cerca de ellos.
• Use escaleras de material no conductor, comomadera o fibra de vidrio, cuando trabaje cercade cables eléctricos.
Cordones de extensiónEl desgaste normal de los cordones puede aflojaro exponer los alambres. Los cordones que nosean del tipo de 3 alambres, no diseñados parauso pesado, o que hayan sido modificados,aumentan su riesgo de entrar en contacto concorriente eléctrica.• Use únicamente equipos que estén aprobados
para cumplir las normas de la OSHA.• No modifique los cordones ni los use incorrecta-
mente.• Use juegos de cordones armados de fábrica y
únicamente cordones de extensión del tipo de 3alambres.
• Use sólo cordones, conectores y accesoriosequipados con protección contra tirones.
• Desconecte los cordones de los enchufes de lapared tirando del enchufe macho, no de los cor-dones.
EquiposDebido a la naturaleza dinámica y ruda del trabajode construcción, el uso normal de los equiposeléctricos ocasiona desgaste que da lugar aroturas del aislamiento, cortocircuitos y cablesexpuestos. Si no existe protección contra tierraaccidental, esto puede producir una puesta a tier-ra que hace pasar la corriente por el cuerpo deltrabajador.
GeneradoresUna de las herramientas más comunes cuando seinterrumpe la energía eléctrica son los gener-adores portátiles. La mayoría de ellos son degasolina y usan motores de combustión internapara producir electricidad. El monóxido de car-bono es un gas incoloro e inodoro que se pro-duce durante la operación de los generadoresaccionados por gasolina. Cuando se inhala el gas,éste reduce la habilidad para utilizar el oxígeno.Los síntomas del envenenamiento con monóxidode carbono incluyen dolor de cabeza, náusea ycansancio, que puede llevar a la pérdida delconocimiento y finalmente a la muerte.
• NO use un generador en interiores. Asegúreseque esté colocado en el exterior en un lugardonde los gases del escape no puedan penetraren la casa o edificio. La clave es una buena ven-tilación.
• Asegúrese que el interruptor de circuitos princi-pal esté apagado (OFF) y cerrado antes de echara andar cualquier generador. Esto evitará la acti-vación inadvertida de las líneas eléctricas comoresultado de la energía eléctrica procedente delgenerador, y ayuda a proteger a los traba-jadores de la compañía de electricidad contra laposibilidad de electrocutación.
• Apague los generadores y déjelos enfriar antesde llenarles el tanque de combustible.
Cables eléctricosLos cables eléctricos aéreos y soterrados son par-ticularmente peligrosos porque pueden tener unvoltaje extremadamente alto. La muerte por elec-trocutación es el riesgo principal, pero las que-maduras y caídas también son riesgos.• Busque indicadores de cables aéreos y soterra-
dos.
Trabajando en forma segura con electricidadTrabajar con electricidad puede ser peligroso. Los ingenieros, los instaladores delíneas eléctricas, los electricistas y otros obreros trabajan con electricidad directa-mente, incluyendo cables aéreos, armaduras de cables y conjuntos de circuitos. Lostrabajadores de oficinas y los vendedores trabajan con electricidad indirectamente ytambién pueden verse expuestos a riesgos eléctricos.
HojadeDatos
• Use interruptores de circuitos por falla acciden-tal (GFCI) en todos los enchufes monofásicos de120 voltios, de 15 y 20 amperios, o disponga deun programa seguro de conductores para ponera tierra los equipos (AEGCP).
• Use herramientas y equipos con doble ais-lamiento, marcados claramente.
• Inspeccione todos los equipos eléctricos antesde usarlos. Retire del servicio todo equipo quetenga los cables deshilachados, que les falte lapunta de puesta a tierra, con rajaduras en lacaja de la herramienta, etc.
Incidentes eléctricosSi la fuente de energía que va al equipo eléctricono está puesta a tierra, o si se interrumpe eltrayecto, la corriente de cortocircuito puede pasara través del cuerpo del trabajador, produciéndolequemaduras eléctricas o la muerte. Incluso cuan-
do el sistema eléctrico está puesto a tierra correc-tamente, el equipo eléctrico puede cambiar instan-táneamente de seguro a peligroso por causa decondiciones extremas y del trato brusco.• Inspeccione el equipo eléctrico antes de usarlo.
Retire del servicio todo el equipo que esté defec-tuoso.
• Ponga a tierra todos los sistemas de suministrode energía eléctrica, circuitos eléctricos yequipos eléctricos.
• Inspeccione con frecuencia los sistemas eléctri-cos para estar seguro que el trayecto a tierra escontinuo.
• No le quite las puntas de puesta a tierra a loscordones y equipos conectados al enchufemacho o a los cordones de extensión.
• Use herramientas con aislamiento doble yponga a tierra todas las partes metálicasexpuestas del equipo.
Esta es una en una serie de hojas informativas en las que se destacan los programas, políticas o normasde la OSHA. En ella no se impone ningún nuevo requisito de cumplimiento. Para ver una lista completade los requisitos de cumplimiento de las normas o reglamentos de la OSHA, consulte el Título 29 delCódigo de Reglamentos Federales. Esta información se pondrá a la disposición de personas con proble-mas sensoriales que la soliciten. El teléfono es el (202) 693-1999. El número de teleimpresor (TTY) es(877)8895627.
Departamento delTrabajo de los EE.UU.www.osha.gov (800) 321-OSHA
Para información más completa:Administración deSeguridad y SaludOcupacional
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¿Qué es la sílice cristalina?La sílice cristalina es un componente básico de
tierra, arena, granito y muchos otros minerales.El cuarzo es la forma más común de la sílice cristalina.La cristobalita y la tridimita son dos otras formas dela sílice cristalina. Las tres formas pueden convertirseen partículas que se pueden inhalar cuando lostrabajadores, tallan, cortan, perforan o trituran objetosque contienen sílice cristalina.
¿Qué son los peligros dela sílice cristalina?
La exposición a la sílice sigue siendo un gravepeligro para casi 2 millones de trabajadores en losEstados Unidos, incluyendo a más de 100,000trabajadores en trabajos de gran riesgo como laslimpiezas abrasivas, el trabajo de fundición, tallarpiedra, perforar rocas, el trabajo de canteras y lostúneles. Las muertes y enfermedades incapacitadorasque ocurren entre los trabajadores que limpiancon chorros de arena o que perforan rocas sonindicadoras de la gravedad de los riesgos de saludasociados con la exposición a la sílice. La sílicecristalina ha sido clasificada como carcinógena parael pulmón humano. Además, el hecho de respirar elpolvo de sílice cristalina puede causar silicosis, queen sus aspectos más severos puede resultar en ladiscapacidad o la muerte. El polvo de sílice respirableentra en los pulmones y crea la formación de tejidode cicatriz reduciendo la capacidad de absorción deoxígeno por los pulmones. La silicosis no tiene cura.Dado que la silicosis afecta el funcionamiento delos pulmones, uno es más susceptible de contraerinfecciones pulmonares como la tuberculosis.Además el hecho de fumar puede dañar los pulmonesy empeorar el daño que causa la inhalación de polvode sílice.
¿Qué son los síntomas de la silicosis?Existen tres tipos de silicosis: silicosis
crónica/clásica, acelerada y aguda.La silicosis crónica/clásica, la más común, ocurre
con 15 a 20 años de exposiciones moderadas o bajasa la sílice cristalina respirable. Los síntomas asociadoscon la silicosis cróni pueden ser o no ser evidentes;por lo tanto, los trabajadores necesitan hacerse unaradiografía del pecho para determinar si se han dañadolos pulmones. A medida que avanza la enfermedad,el trabajador puede perder el aliento cuando haceun esfuerzo o tener indicaciones clínicas de unintercambio insuficiente de oxígeno y dióxido decarbono. En las fases posteriores, el trabajadorpuede sentirse cansado, tener poco aliento, dolorde pecho o insuficiencia respiratoria.
La silicosis acelerada puede ocurrir con 5 a10 años de exposición elevada a la sílice cristalinarespirable. Los síntomas incluyen tener muy pocoaliento, debilidad y pérdida de peso. El inicio de lossíntomas tarda más tiempo que en el caso de la silicosisaguda.
La silicosis aguda ocurre en unos cuantos meseso hasta 2 años después de la exposición a muy altasconcentraciones de sílice cristalina respirable. Lossíntomas de la silicosis aguda incluyen una pérdidade aliento severa e incapacitadora, debilidad y pérdidade peso y suele resultar en la muerte.
¿Dónde se exponen los trabajadoresde la construcción a la sílice cristalina?
La exposición ocurre durante varias activida desdiferentes de la construcción. Las exposiciones másseveras suelen ocurrir durante la limpieza abrasivacon chorros de arena para quitar pintura y derrumbrede puentes, tanques, estructuras de hormigón y deotras superficies. Otras actividades de construcciónque pueden resultar en exposiciones graves se asociancon las perforadoras de martillo, la perforación derocas o pozos, la mezcla de hormigón, la perforaciónde hormigón, con cortar y serrar ladrillos y bloquesde hormigón, con los rejuntados salientes y lasoperaciones de excavación de túneles.
¿Dónde se exponen los empleadosde la industria general al polvo desílice cristalina?
Las más serias exposiciones a la sílice cristalinason el resultado de la limpieza abrasiva, que se realizapara limpiar y pulir las irregularidades de los moldes,las joyas y los moldes de fundición, del acabado delápidas sepulcrales, el grabado o esmerilado de vidrio,y de la remoción de pintura, aceites, derrumbres osuciedad de objetos que se deben pintar o tratar.Otras exposiciones a la sílice ocurren en la fabricaciónde cemento o de ladrillos, la fabricación de pavimentosde asfalto, la fabricación de porcelana o cerámica,y en las industrias de matrices de herramientas, deacero y de fundición. Se utiliza la sílice cristalina enla fabricación, en los productos de limpieza abrasivoscaseros, en los adhesivos, las pinturas, los jabonesy el vidrio. Además las exposiciones a la sílice cristalinaocurren en tareas de mantenimiento, reparación yreemplazo de revestimientos de hornos de ladrillorefractario.
En la industria marítima, los empleados deastilleros se exponen a la sílice principalmente enlas tareas de limpieza abrasiva para quitar pinturay limpiar y preparar tanques, cubiertas, mamparosy cascos metálicos para que se pinten o revistan.
2003
¿Qué medidas ha iniciado OSHA frentea la exposición de sílice cristalina?
OSHA ha establecido un límite permisible deexposición (Permissible Exposition Limit—PEL)que es la cantidad máxima de sílice cristalino alos que se puedan exponer los trabajadores en unturno de trabajo de 8 horas (29 CFR 1926.55,1910.1000). OSHA también requiere formaciónde comunicación de peligros para los trabajadoresexpuestos a la sílice cristalina, y requiere un programade protección respiratoria hasta que se implementencontroles de ingeniería. Además, OSHA ha creadoun programa de énfasis nacional (National EmphasisProgram—NEP) para la exposición a la sílicecristalina con el fin de identificar, reducir y eliminarlos riesgos de salud asociados con las exposicionesocupacionales.
¿Qué pueden hacer los empleadoresy empleados para protegerse contralas exposiciones a la sílice cristalina? ■■■■■ Reemplazar materiales de sílice cristalina con
sustancias seguras, cuando sea posible.■■■■■ Brindar controles de ingeniería y administración,
en la medida de lo posible, tales como ventilaciónen la zona y contenedores para la limpieza abrasiva.Donde se requiera reducir las exposiciones a nivelesinferiores al límite permisible de exposición,utilizar equipo de protección u otras medidasde protección.
■■■■■ Utilizar todas las prácticas de trabajo disponiblespara controlar las exposiciones al polvo, talescomo rociadores de agua.
■■■■■ Utilizar solamente un respirador certificado “N95NIOSH,” si se requiere protección respiratoria.No se debe modificar el respirador. No se debeutilizar un respirador apretado con una barba ocon un bigote que impida un buen encaje entreel respirador y la cara.
■■■■■ Utilizar solamente un respirador con alimentaciónde aire para limpieza abrasiva de tipo “Type CE”para la limpieza abrasiva.
■■■■■ Utilizar ropa de trabajo que se pueda tirar o lavar yducharse si se hallan duchas disponibles. Utilizaruna aspiradora para limpiarse el polvo de la ropao ponerse ropa limpia antes de salir del lugarde trabajo.
■■■■■ Participar en la formación, la supervisión deexposición y los programas de análisis y vigilanciacon el fin de monitorear cualquier efecto negativoen la salud debido a exposiciones de sílice cristalina.
■■■■■ Tomar conciencia de las operaciones y tareas quecrean exposiciones a la sílice cristalina en el lugarde trabajo y aprender cómo protegerse a unomismo.
■■■■■ Tomar conciencia de los peligros de salud asociadoscon las exposiciones a la sílice cristalina. El hechode fumar empeora el daño a los pulmones quecausan las exposiciones a la sílice.
■■■■■ No comer, beber, fumar o utilizar productoscosméticos en zonas donde existe polvo de sílicecristalina. Limpiarse las manos y la cara fuera delas zonas que contienen polvo antes de realizarcualquiera de estas tareas.
■■■■■ ¡No se olvide! Si es sílice no es tan sólo polvo.
¿Cómo obtener más informaciónsobre la seguridad y la salud?
OSHA ofrece varias publicaciones, normas,ayuda técnica y herramientas de conformidad paraayudarle. Asimismo, ofrece una ayuda extensamediante consultas en el lugar de trabajo, programasvoluntarios de protección, subvenciones, asociacionesestratégicas, planes estatales, formación y educación.Las Directivas de Gestión del Programa de Seguridady Salud de OSHA (Registro Federal 54:3904-3916,26 de enero de 1989) presentan informacióndetallada esencial para el desarrollo de un buen sistemade gestión de seguridad y salud. Esta y demás datosse hallan disponibles en el Website de OSHA.■■■■■ Para obtener una copia gratis de las publicaciones
de OSHA, envíe una etiqueta de correo rotuladacon su propia dirección a OSHA PublicacionesOffice, P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, o envíe una solicitud por fax marcandoel (202) 693–2498, o bien llámenos al(202) 693–1888.
■■■■■ Para pedir publicaciones de OSHA en línea enwww.osha.gov, diríjase a Publicaciones y sigalas instrucciones para realizar su pedido.
■■■■■ Para presentar una demanda por teléfono,comunicar una emergencia u obtener consejos,ayuda o productos de OSHA, contacte a suoficina de OSHA más cercana listada bajo “U.S.Department of Labor” en su anuario telefónicoo llame gratis marcando el (800) 321–OSHA(6742). El número de teleprinter (TTY) es(877) 889–5627.
■■■■■ Para presentar una demanda en línea u obtenermayor información sobre los programas federalesy estatales de OSHA, visite el Website de OSHA.
Este texto forma parte de una serie de hojas de datos que enfocan programas, políticas o normas de OSHA y no imponeningún requisito de conformidad nuevo. Para obtener una lista completa de los requisitos de conformidad de las normas y delos reglamentos de OSHA, consulte el Título 29 del Código de Reglamentos Federales. Esta información se halla disponiblea personas con discapacidad sensorial cuando se solicite. El teléfono de voz es (202) 693–1999. Véase también el Websitede OSHA en www.osha.gov.
Maquinaria y Herramientas de Potencia Patógenos de la Sangre
Gestión: ¡Asegurar que toda la maquinaria tenga las guardas adecuadas!
El estándar de la OSHA que se llama “Patógenos de la Sangre” enseña cómo proteger a los empleados contra los peligros de salud que tienen que ver con la exposición a sangre y otras materiales potencialmente peligrosos, y también enseña a reducir el riesgo de esta exposición.
Supervisores: Entrenar los empleados acerca de las reglas que les aplican. Asegurar que las guardas sigan en buenas condiciones. Corrigir problemas con las guardas de inmediato.
La implementación de esta norma evita la Hepatitis B y reducirá de manera significativa el riesgo de que los trabajadores contraigan la SIDA, Hepatitis C u otras enfermedades de la sangre.
Empleados: No quitar guardas al menos que sigas el proceso de Candado/Etiquetado (“Lockout/Tagout”). Reportar problemas con las guardas de inmediato. No operar equipo al menos que tenga las guardas adecuadas.
HIV/SIDA: Infección viral. Afecta y debilita al sistema inmunológico. No hay Cura. No hay vacuna. Dentro de una persona con HIV, el virus se halla en grandes cantidades en su sangra, semen, fluído vaginal y la leche materna. Éstos son los fluídos de uno con HIV que sabamos que transmiten el virus a otros. Los fluídos de uno con HIV que posiblemente puedan transmitir el virus a otros includen al fluído que encierra el cerebro y columna vertebral, el fluído que encierra las coyunturas óseas, y el fluído que encierra al bebé que no ha nacido. (Fuente: www.CDC.gov)
El Punto de Operación y toda parte en movimiento de la maquinaria durante la operación tienen que tener una guarda.
Hepititis C: Infección Viral. Afecta y debilita el hígado. No hay cura. Es crónica y de por vida. No hay vacuna. Se halla en la sangre de una persona infeccionada. Es posible contraerla por el acto sexual, pero esto es muy poco probable. (Fuente: www.CDC.gov)
Notas: ______________________________________________________________________
Guardas de maquinaria/Herramientas Patógenos de la Sangre
