OTHER RELIGIONS OF THE REFORMATION

England Becomes Protestant Henry VIII wanted a son but his wife only

had a daughter Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his

marriage but the pope refused Henry VIII called Reformation Parliament to

divorce his wife 1534 Henry broke from the Catholic Church

and the Act of Supremacy declared that the English King was head of England’s Church

Henry would have six wives

After Henry VIII’s death

Each of his children ruled and there was religious turmoil between Catholics and Protestants

Elizabeth I created a compromise with the Anglican church which was protestant but borrowed traditions from the Catholic church

Spanish King Philip II (Catholic) attacked England but lost

John Calvin

Calvin believed in predestination. People are sinful by nature and God chooses a few to be saved

He creates Calvinism Calvin went to Geneva, Switzerland and

led the city. He believed the ideal government was a theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders)

John Knox

He visited Calvin in Geneva and liked his teachings

He returned to his native Scotland and his followers were called Presbyterians

Anabaptists

More interpretations of the Bible = more religious groups

Anabaptist = “baptize again” Only people who were old enough to

decide to be Christian should be baptized

The Catholic Reformation

Movement within the Catholic Church to reform

Ignatius of Loyola was great reformer and attracted many followers – Society of Jesus- Jesuits Founded great schools Converted non-Christians to Catholicism Stop spread of Protestantism

Council of Trent

1545-1563 meetings to reform the Catholic Church

Agreed on the following: Church’s interpretation of the Bible final Christians need faith and good works for

salvation The Bible and church authorities were equal

authorities Indulgences were okay (but not false selling

of them)

Index of Forbidden Books

Legacy of the Reformation

Religion no longer united Europe. Now Europe divided between Catholics and Protestants

Church’s power declined, so monarchs and states gained power

Reformers’ successful revolt against the church paved way for later rejection of Christian faith in the Western culture