OutlineIntroductionBenchmarking of German AirportsGAPScientific PartnersContact

The Research ProjectParticipants: Joint Research Project of the Universities of Applied Sciences in Bad Honnef, Berlin and BremenFunding and Duration: Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research from 2005 to 2008Topic: Benchmarking Study to investigate the Economic Performance of German AirportsPurpose: Results of the study are for Internal Use (and participating airports) rather than for Commercial Purposes1. Introduction

Why German Airports?Changing Institutional StructureFrom Public Utilities to partially Privatized AirportsNew Strategies & Organizational StructuresIncentive versus Low Powered Cost-Plus Regulation Increasing CompetitionBad Performance of German Airports in ATRS and TRL Studies2. Benchmarking of German Airports

ATRS versus TRL ILabor ProductivitySource: ATRS 2003, TRL 20032. Benchmarking of German Airports

Labour Productivity

1938720898

1732317543

1598517702

5845.982694684814126

5837.3151308305DUS

4909HAM

451413363

3479CGN

3128.23650650526276

Berlin Airport Group8653

1411914092.1666666667

4264026037

8658653755

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

Pax/Employee

LP

Labour ProductivityATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGN3,479n/aAMS19,38720,898

DUS5,837n/aLGW17,32317,543

FRA3,1286,276LHR15,98517,702

HAM4,909n/aMUC5,84614,126

MUC5,84614,126DUS5,837

Berlin Airport Groupn/a8,653HAM4,909

LHR15,98517,702VIE4,51413,363

LGW17,32317,543CGN3,479

VIE4,51413,363FRA3,1286,276

Avg. Europe14,11914,092Berlin Airport Group8,653

Best Practice Europe42,64026,037Avg. Europe14,11914,092

Best Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755Best Practice Europe42,64026,037

MADAENABest Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755

ATLYVCMADAENA

ATLYVC

TRL 2000

ATRS 200026,241ARN

ARN26,35223,531AMS

OSL22,95522,627ZRH

ZRH22,24922,447OSL

AMS20,27019,066LHR

LGW17,81418,092LGW

LHR17,00218,032MUC

GVA16,00817,979GVA

CPH12,61714,632VIE

MAN7,06713,174CPH

MUC5,71410,692MAN

VIE4,8798,050FRA

FRA3,459

Labour Costs per Pax

12.76.570432

10.84.815828

Berlin Airport Group4.741164

73.148332

6.5DUS

63.383046

4.83.174216

4.05HAM

5.53.51543

0.80.983076

0.450.572424

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LC

Labour Cost per PaxATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aFRA$12.70$6.57

DUS$6.50n/aVIE$10.80$4.82

FRA$12.70$6.57Berlin Airport Group$4.74

HAM$4.05n/aMUC$7.00$3.15

MUC$7.00$3.15DUS$6.50

Berlin Airport Groupn/a$4.74LHR$6.00$3.38

LHR$6.00$3.38LGW$4.80$3.17

LGW$4.80$3.17HAM$4.05

VIE$10.80$4.82Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52

Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98

Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57

Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57MAD, BCNAENA

MAD, BCNAENACLT, ATLATL

CLT, ATLATL

Staff Cost Level

73899

64624.7

60098.5

56953

56152.5

51837.5

50995.3

45254.58

87730.2

81651

Source: ATRS 2005

2003

SCL

Staff Cost Level

ATRS

2003

LHR$73,899

LGW$64,625

HAM$60,099

VIE$56,953

Berlin Airport Group$56,153

CGN$51,838

MUC$50,995

Fraport$45,255

Avg. Europe$87,730

Avg. North America$81,651

Labour Cost Share

0.680.634

0.580.734

0.51DUS

Berlin Airport Group0.503

0.450.427

0.350.329

0.350.347

0.28HAM

0.440.4485416667

0.680.734

0.230.163

0.590.52

0.070.173

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LCS

Labour Cost ShareATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aVIE68%63.4%

DUS51%n/aFRA58%73.4%

FRA58%73.4%DUS51%

HAM28%n/aBerlin Airport Group50.3%

MUC45%42.7%MUC45%42.7%

Berlin Airport Groupn/a50.3%LHR35%32.9%

LHR35%32.9%LGW35%34.7%

LGW35%34.7%HAM28%

VIE68%63.4%Avg. Europe44%44.9%

Avg. Europe44%44.9%Highest Share Europe68%73.4%

Highest Share Europe68%73.4%Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%

Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%

Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%

Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%VIEFRA

VIEFRAAMSATH

AMSATHDFWSFO

DFWSFOKIXYVC

KIXYVC

Cost Structure

0.480.260.0800.820.181

0.450.1800.160.780.221

0.390.240.050.080.760.241

0.310.230.060.230.840.161

0.30.180.10.170.760.241

0.290.210.110.010.620.381

0.280.240.060.110.690.311

0.370.180.060.110.720.281

Source: Doganis 1995

Staff Costs

Services, Equipment & Supplies

Maintenance

Other

Total Operating Costs

Capital Charges

Total Costs

CS

Doganis

Cost Structures

Staff CostsServices, Equipment & SuppliesMaintenanceOtherTotal Operating CostsCapital ChargesTotal Costs

VIE48%26%8%*82%18%100%

FRA45%18%*16%78%22%100%

DUS39%24%5%8%76%24%100%

LHR31%23%6%23%84%16%100%

LGW30%18%10%17%76%24%100%

MAD29%21%11%1%62%38%100%

AMS28%24%6%11%69%31%100%

Avg.37%18%6%11%72%28%100%

* included in other cost items

op Exp per Pax

21.83542518.11846416.814059

20.0057918.40467620.306515

8.34687510.2289688.307812

6.473736.891396.780014

5.429584.7195585.694098

5.3878145.9586165.819396

5.220755.2346725.98646

3.0048752.7750124.193593

2.227522.6591022.143988

4.3454799135.09197155.21900975

1.8933922.1161442.143988

1.183370.7239440.710022

Source: TRL 2002, 2003, 2004

TRL 2000

TRL 2001

TRL 2002

OE

Operating Costs per PaxTRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002TRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002

FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81

MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31

Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.993rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31

LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78

LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69

VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82

NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.99

KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19

3rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14

Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22

Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14

Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71

3rdHKGATHMAN

AENAFraport

MelbourneAtlanta

TE-SE ATM

11

10.909

11

11

10.942

10.506

11

11

10.983

0.8190.689

0.8040.767

0.7550.76

0.650.864

0.5180.998

0.5160.883

0.5040.275

0.8478750.8485

Source: Pels 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE Pax

10.507

11

11

11

0.9860.988

0.9541

0.9230.836

0.9170.494

0.8090.998

0.7980.911

0.7881

0.7570.994

0.6950.991

0.6871

0.6740.928

0.6431

0.85193750.9154375

Source: Pels 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE

Technical and Scale Efficiency PAX and ATM Pels et al (2003)

PAXTE 1997SE 1997ATMTE 1997SE 1997

SXF1.0000.507CPH1.0001.000

BRU1.0001.000FRA1.0000.909

CPH1.0001.000LGW1.0001.000

LHR1.0001.000LHR1.0001.000

ZRH0.9860.988MUC1.0000.942

LGW0.9541.000NUE1.0000.506

STU0.9230.836CDG1.0001.000

NUE0.9170.494STU1.0001.000

FRA0.8090.998ZRH1.0000.983

VIE0.7980.911HAJ0.8190.689

AMS0.7881.000AMS0.8040.767

MUC0.7570.994BRU0.7550.760

CDG0.6950.991HAM0.6500.864

TXL0.6871.000VIE0.5180.998

HAJ0.6740.928TXL0.5160.883

HAM0.6431.000SXF0.5040.275

avg.0.8520.915avg.0.8480.849

&R&D, &T

Tabelle6

Tabelle7

ATRS versus TRL IIILabor Productivity Ranking DifferencesSource: ATRS 2003 TRL 20022. Benchmarking of German Airports

Labour Productivity

1732317543

1598517702

5845.982694684814126

5837.3151308305DUS

4909HAM

451413363

3479CGN

Berlin Airport Group8653

3128.23650650526276

1411914092.1666666667

4264026037

8658653755

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

Pax/Employee

LP

Labour ProductivityATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGN3,479n/aLGW17,32317,543

DUS5,837n/aLHR15,98517,702

FRA3,1286,276MUC5,84614,126

HAM4,909n/aDUS5,837

MUC5,84614,126HAM4,909

Berlin Airport Groupn/a8,653VIE4,51413,363

LHR15,98517,702CGN3,479

LGW17,32317,543Berlin Airport Group8,653

VIE4,51413,363FRA3,1286,276

Avg. Europe14,11914,092Avg. Europe14,11914,092

Best Practice Europe42,64026,037Best Practice Europe42,64026,037

Best Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755Best Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755

MADAENAMADAENA

ATLYVCATLYVC

ATRS 2000TRL 2000

ARN26,35226,241ARN

OSL22,95523,531AMS

ZRH22,24922,627ZRH

AMS20,27022,447OSL

LGW17,81419,066LHR

LHR17,00218,092LGW

GVA16,00818,032MUC

CPH12,61717,979GVA

MAN7,06714,632VIE

MUC5,71413,174CPH

VIE4,87910,692MAN

FRA3,4598,050FRA

Labour Costs per Pax

12.76.570432

10.84.815828

Berlin Airport Group4.741164

73.148332

6.5DUS

63.383046

4.83.174216

4.05HAM

5.53.51543

0.80.983076

0.450.572424

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LC

Labour Cost per PaxATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aFRA$12.70$6.57

DUS$6.50n/aVIE$10.80$4.82

FRA$12.70$6.57Berlin Airport Group$4.74

HAM$4.05n/aMUC$7.00$3.15

MUC$7.00$3.15DUS$6.50

Berlin Airport Groupn/a$4.74LHR$6.00$3.38

LHR$6.00$3.38LGW$4.80$3.17

LGW$4.80$3.17HAM$4.05

VIE$10.80$4.82Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52

Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98

Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57

Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57MAD, BCNAENA

MAD, BCNAENACLT, ATLATL

CLT, ATLATL

Staff Cost Level

73899

64624.7

60098.5

56953

56152.5

51837.5

50995.3

45254.58

87730.2

81651

Source: ATRS 2005

2003

SCL

Staff Cost Level

ATRS

2003

LHR$73,899

LGW$64,625

HAM$60,099

VIE$56,953

Berlin Airport Group$56,153

CGN$51,838

MUC$50,995

Fraport$45,255

Avg. Europe$87,730

Avg. North America$81,651

Labour Cost Share

0.680.634

0.580.734

0.51DUS

Berlin Airport Group0.503

0.450.427

0.350.329

0.350.347

0.28HAM

0.440.4485416667

0.680.734

0.230.163

0.590.52

0.070.173

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LCS

Labour Cost ShareATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aVIE68%63.4%

DUS51%n/aFRA58%73.4%

FRA58%73.4%DUS51%

HAM28%n/aBerlin Airport Group50.3%

MUC45%42.7%MUC45%42.7%

Berlin Airport Groupn/a50.3%LHR35%32.9%

LHR35%32.9%LGW35%34.7%

LGW35%34.7%HAM28%

VIE68%63.4%Avg. Europe44%44.9%

Avg. Europe44%44.9%Highest Share Europe68%73.4%

Highest Share Europe68%73.4%Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%

Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%

Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%

Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%VIEFRA

VIEFRAAMSATH

AMSATHDFWSFO

DFWSFOKIXYVC

KIXYVC

Cost Structure

0.480.260.0800.820.181

0.450.1800.160.780.221

0.390.240.050.080.760.241

0.310.230.060.230.840.161

0.30.180.10.170.760.241

0.290.210.110.010.620.381

0.280.240.060.110.690.311

0.370.180.060.110.720.281

Source: Doganis 1995

Staff Costs

Services, Equipment & Supplies

Maintenance

Other

Total Operating Costs

Capital Charges

Total Costs

CS

Doganis

Cost Structures

Staff CostsServices, Equipment & SuppliesMaintenanceOtherTotal Operating CostsCapital ChargesTotal Costs

VIE48%26%8%*82%18%100%

FRA45%18%*16%78%22%100%

DUS39%24%5%8%76%24%100%

LHR31%23%6%23%84%16%100%

LGW30%18%10%17%76%24%100%

MAD29%21%11%1%62%38%100%

AMS28%24%6%11%69%31%100%

Avg.37%18%6%11%72%28%100%

* included in other cost items

op Exp per Pax

21.83542518.11846416.814059

20.0057918.40467620.306515

8.34687510.2289688.307812

6.473736.891396.780014

5.429584.7195585.694098

5.3878145.9586165.819396

5.220755.2346725.98646

3.0048752.7750124.193593

2.227522.6591022.143988

4.3454799135.09197155.21900975

1.8933922.1161442.143988

1.183370.7239440.710022

Source: TRL 2002, 2003, 2004

TRL 2000

TRL 2001

TRL 2002

OE

Operating Costs per PaxTRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002TRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002

FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81

MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31

Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.993rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31

LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78

LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69

VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82

NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.99

KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19

3rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14

Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22

Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14

Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71

3rdHKGATHMAN

AENAFraport

MelbourneAtlanta

TE-SE ATM

11

10.909

11

11

10.942

10.506

11

11

10.983

0.8190.689

0.8040.767

0.7550.76

0.650.864

0.5180.998

0.5160.883

0.5040.275

0.8478750.8485

Source: Pels 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE Pax

10.507

11

11

11

0.9860.988

0.9541

0.9230.836

0.9170.494

0.8090.998

0.7980.911

0.7881

0.7570.994

0.6950.991

0.6871

0.6740.928

0.6431

0.85193750.9154375

Source: Pels 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE

Technical and Scale Efficiency PAX and ATM Pels et al (2003)

PAXTE 1997SE 1997ATMTE 1997SE 1997

SXF1.0000.507CPH1.0001.000

BRU1.0001.000FRA1.0000.909

CPH1.0001.000LGW1.0001.000

LHR1.0001.000LHR1.0001.000

ZRH0.9860.988MUC1.0000.942

LGW0.9541.000NUE1.0000.506

STU0.9230.836CDG1.0001.000

NUE0.9170.494STU1.0001.000

FRA0.8090.998ZRH1.0000.983

VIE0.7980.911HAJ0.8190.689

AMS0.7881.000AMS0.8040.767

MUC0.7570.994BRU0.7550.760

CDG0.6950.991HAM0.6500.864

TXL0.6871.000VIE0.5180.998

HAJ0.6740.928TXL0.5160.883

HAM0.6431.000SXF0.5040.275

avg.0.8520.915avg.0.8480.849

&R&D, &T

Tabelle6

Tabelle7

ATRS versus TRL IIChange in Labor ProductivitySource: ATRS 2003, 2005 TRL 2001, 20022. Benchmarking of German Airports

Diagramm3

694118032

34794147

490912265

Changes

MUC (TRL 99/00)6,94118,032

CGN (ATRS 01/03)3,4794,147

HAM (ATRS 01/03)4,90912,265

Labour Productivity

1732317543

1598517702

5845.982694684814126

5837.3151308305DUS

4909HAM

451413363

3479CGN

Berlin Airport Group8653

3128.23650650526276

1411914092.1666666667

4264026037

8658653755

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

Pax/Employee

LP

Labour ProductivityATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGN3,479n/aLGW17,32317,543

DUS5,837n/aLHR15,98517,702

FRA3,1286,276MUC5,84614,126

HAM4,909n/aDUS5,837

MUC5,84614,126HAM4,909

Berlin Airport Groupn/a8,653VIE4,51413,363

LHR15,98517,702CGN3,479

LGW17,32317,543Berlin Airport Group8,653

VIE4,51413,363FRA3,1286,276

Avg. Europe14,11914,092Avg. Europe14,11914,092

Best Practice Europe42,64026,037Best Practice Europe42,64026,037

Best Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755Best Practice Non-Europe86,58653,755

MADAENAMADAENA

ATLYVCATLYVC

ATRS 2000TRL 2000

ARN26,35226,241ARN

OSL22,95523,531AMS

ZRH22,24922,627ZRH

AMS20,27022,447OSL

LGW17,81419,066LHR

LHR17,00218,092LGW

GVA16,00818,032MUC

CPH12,61717,979GVA

MAN7,06714,632VIE

MUC5,71413,174CPH

VIE4,87910,692MAN

FRA3,4598,050FRA

Labour Costs per Pax

12.76.570432

10.84.815828

Berlin Airport Group4.741164

73.148332

6.5DUS

63.383046

4.83.174216

4.05HAM

5.53.51543

0.80.983076

0.450.572424

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LC

Labour Cost per PaxATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aFRA$12.70$6.57

DUS$6.50n/aVIE$10.80$4.82

FRA$12.70$6.57Berlin Airport Group$4.74

HAM$4.05n/aMUC$7.00$3.15

MUC$7.00$3.15DUS$6.50

Berlin Airport Groupn/a$4.74LHR$6.00$3.38

LHR$6.00$3.38LGW$4.80$3.17

LGW$4.80$3.17HAM$4.05

VIE$10.80$4.82Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52

Avg. Europe$5.50$3.52Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98

Best Practice Europe$0.80$0.98Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57

Best Practice Non-Europe$0.45$0.57MAD, BCNAENA

MAD, BCNAENACLT, ATLATL

CLT, ATLATL

Staff Cost Level

73899

64624.7

60098.5

56953

56152.5

51837.5

50995.3

45254.58

87730.2

81651

Source: ATRS 2005

2003

SCL

Staff Cost Level

ATRS

2003

LHR$73,899

LGW$64,625

HAM$60,099

VIE$56,953

Berlin Airport Group$56,153

CGN$51,838

MUC$50,995

Fraport$45,255

Avg. Europe$87,730

Avg. North America$81,651

Labour Cost Share

0.680.634

0.580.734

0.51DUS

Berlin Airport Group0.503

0.450.427

0.350.329

0.350.347

0.28HAM

0.440.4485416667

0.680.734

0.230.163

0.590.52

0.070.173

Source: ATRS 2003, TRL 2003

ATRS 2001

TRL 2001

LCS

Labour Cost ShareATRS 2001TRL 2001ATRS 2001TRL 2001

CGNn/an/aVIE68%63.4%

DUS51%n/aFRA58%73.4%

FRA58%73.4%DUS51%

HAM28%n/aBerlin Airport Group50.3%

MUC45%42.7%MUC45%42.7%

Berlin Airport Groupn/a50.3%LHR35%32.9%

LHR35%32.9%LGW35%34.7%

LGW35%34.7%HAM28%

VIE68%63.4%Avg. Europe44%44.9%

Avg. Europe44%44.9%Highest Share Europe68%73.4%

Highest Share Europe68%73.4%Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%

Lowest Share Europe23%16.3%Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%

Highest Share Non-Europe59%52.0%Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%

Lowest Share Non-Europe7%17.3%VIEFRA

VIEFRAAMSATH

AMSATHDFWSFO

DFWSFOKIXYVC

KIXYVC

Cost Structure

0.480.260.0800.820.181

0.450.1800.160.780.221

0.390.240.050.080.760.241

0.310.230.060.230.840.161

0.30.180.10.170.760.241

0.290.210.110.010.620.381

0.280.240.060.110.690.311

0.370.180.060.110.720.281

Source: Doganis 1995

Staff Costs

Services, Equipment & Supplies

Maintenance

Other

Total Operating Costs

Capital Charges

Total Costs

CS

Doganis

Cost Structures

Staff CostsServices, Equipment & SuppliesMaintenanceOtherTotal Operating CostsCapital ChargesTotal Costs

VIE48%26%8%*82%18%100%

FRA45%18%*16%78%22%100%

DUS39%24%5%8%76%24%100%

LHR31%23%6%23%84%16%100%

LGW30%18%10%17%76%24%100%

MAD29%21%11%1%62%38%100%

AMS28%24%6%11%69%31%100%

Avg.37%18%6%11%72%28%100%

* included in other cost items

op Exp per Pax

21.83542518.11846416.814059

20.0057918.40467620.306515

8.34687510.2289688.307812

6.473736.891396.780014

5.429584.7195585.694098

5.3878145.9586165.819396

5.220755.2346725.98646

3.0048752.7750124.193593

2.227522.6591022.143988

4.3454799135.09197155.21900975

1.8933922.1161442.143988

1.183370.7239440.710022

Source: TRL 2002, 2003, 2004

TRL 2000

TRL 2001

TRL 2002

OE

Operating Costs per PaxTRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002TRL 2000TRL 2001TRL 2002

FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81

MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31

Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.993rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31

LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78LHR$6.47$6.89$6.78

LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82MUC$5.43$4.72$5.69

VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19LGW$5.39$5.96$5.82

NRT$21.84$18.12$16.81Berlin$5.22$5.23$5.99

KIX$20.01$18.40$20.31VIE$3.00$2.78$4.19

3rd in the Ranking$8.35$10.23$8.31FRA$2.23$2.66$2.14

Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22Avg. Europe$4.35$5.09$5.22

Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14Best Practice Europe$1.89$2.12$2.14

Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71Best Practice Non-Europe$1.18$0.72$0.71

3rdHKGATHMAN

AENAFraport

MelbourneAtlanta

TE-SE ATM

11

10.909

11

11

10.942

10.506

11

11

10.983

0.8190.689

0.8040.767

0.7550.76

0.650.864

0.5180.998

0.5160.883

0.5040.275

0.8478750.8485

Source: Pels 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE Pax

10.507

11

11

11

0.9860.988

0.9541

0.9230.836

0.9170.494

0.8090.998

0.7980.911

0.7881

0.7570.994

0.6950.991

0.6871

0.6740.928

0.6431

0.85193750.9154375

Source: Pels et al 2003

TE 1997

SE 1997

TE-SE

Technical and Scale Efficiency PAX and ATM Pels et al (2003)

PAXTE 1997SE 1997ATMTE 1997SE 1997

SXF1.0000.507CPH1.0001.000

BRU1.0001.000FRA1.0000.909

CPH1.0001.000LGW1.0001.000

LHR1.0001.000LHR1.0001.000

ZRH0.9860.988MUC1.0000.942

LGW0.9541.000NUE1.0000.506

STU0.9230.836CDG1.0001.000

NUE0.9170.494STU1.0001.000

FRA0.8090.998ZRH1.0000.983

VIE0.7980.911HAJ0.8190.689

AMS0.7881.000AMS0.8040.767

MUC0.7570.994BRU0.7550.760

CDG0.6950.991HAM0.6500.864

TXL0.6871.000VIE0.5180.998

HAJ0.6740.928TXL0.5160.883

HAM0.6431.000SXF0.5040.275

avg.0.8520.915avg.0.8480.849

&R&D, &T

Tabelle6

Tabelle7

Methods of ATRS and TRL2. Benchmarking of German Airports

Method of GAPData CollectionData AdjustmentPartial Processes (disaggregated data)Total Productivity(aggregated)Efficiency Analysis(technical, allocative)Cluster AnalysesSensitivity AnalysesCause AnalysesProductivity and Efficiency MeasurementFurther Analyses3. GAP

Cause AnalysesLow Degree of OutsourcingDiseconomies of Scale for large AirportsEconomies of ScopeProduct Differentiation and StrategiesVertical Integration3. GAP

Questions addressed I3. GAPGAP

Questions addressed II3. GAPFactorsthat can influence the AirportsPerformance

Benefits for AirportsIn Depth Study on the Causes of Performance Differences Learn Strength and Weaknesses of Performance Measurement MethodsCustomized Benchmarks of Partial Processes with Disaggregated DataDiscussion with Leading Experts in Benchmarking and Airport ManagementIdentify and adapt Best PracticesObjective Information on the Effects of Privatization, Regulation and Environment3. GAP

Cooperation with AirportsWorking Group of Participating Airports to discuss Validity of Data, Methods, Results and Differences in PerformanceBenchmarking of Partial Processes demanded by Participating AirportsParticipation in Workshop Series on Benchmarking of the German Aviation Research Society (GARS)3. GAP

Work StepsStart 01.06.2005Airport SelectionIntensive Field Work at the Airportsand Data Collection (at airports, association, etc.)Data AdjustmentsAnalysis and InterpretationEnd 29.02.2008 (option of extension)Presentation of Progress (anonymized results) at GARS3. GAP

International PartnersYVR, University of British Columbia: Prof. David Gillen und Prof. Tae OumLON, Transport Research Laboratory: Peter Mackenzie-WilliamsLON, University of Westminster: Dr. Anne GrahamMEL, Monash University: Prof. Peter ForsythAMS, University of Amsterdam: Prof. Jaap de WitCGN, RWTH Aachen + DLR: Prof. Johannes ReichmuthKEL, IfW an der Universitt Kiel: Dr. Hartmut WolfBER/DRS, TU Dresden + DIW: Prof. Christian von Hirschhausen4. Scientific Partner

For Further QuestionsHochschule BremenProf. Dr. Hans-Martin Niemeier (Coordinator)Werderstr.73D-28199 BremenTel.: +49 (0)40 811 93 77HM.Niemeier@t-online.deFax: +49 (0)421 5905-4815

Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft BerlinProf. Dr. Jrgen MllerBadensche Str. 50-51D-10825 BerlinTel.: +49 (0)30 857 89-145jmueller@fhw-berlin.deFax: +49 (0)30 857 89-199 Internationale Fachhochschule Bad HonnefProf. Dr. Hansjochen EhmerMlheimer Str. 38D-53604 Bad HonnefTel.: +49 (0)2203 601-21 84H.Ehmer@dlr.deFax: +49 (0)2203 601-23 775. Contact

orHochschule BremenDiplom-Volksw. (FH) Vanessa KampWerderstr.73D-28199 BremenTel.: +49 (0)421 5905-4283vkamp@fbn.hs-bremen.deFax: +49 (0)421 5905-4599

Website: www.gap-projekt.de5. Contact

Thank you very muchfor yourattention!

Hans-MartinHans-MartinHans-MartinVanessaVanessaVanessaVanessa VanessaJMJMJM, HJ (ab externe Faktoren oder Umwelteinflsse)HJHJHJHJHJHJ