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Overview of ILRI’s smallholder pig value chain efforts in Hoima district
Emily Ouma
Stakeholders Meeting on Ugandan Pigs, Hoima, Uganda, 10-11 July 2017
Background
• Smallholder pig value chains in Uganda identified as a high-potential target to translate research into major interventions:
– Stimulate pro-poor transformation and generate benefits at scale.
• High potentials for growth due to rising demand for pork
– Highest per capita consumption in Eastern Africa at 3.4Kg
– 4% increase in pig population from 2010 – 2014 (3.4 – 3.5 mn)
Background
• Smallholder pig value chain activities – commenced in 2011
• Funding support
– EC-IFAD funded project: Catalysing emerging smallholder pig value chains (2011-2014): initiated activities in 3 districts
– Irish Aid funded project: More Pork by and for the poor: Catalysing emerging pig value chains for food security and poverty reduction (Apr 2014 – Mar 2017): expanded activities into Hoima and Lira districts
Partnerships
• Public sector: MAAIF, local governments of Kamuli, Masaka, Mukono, Hoima & Lira, KCCA
• Research/education institutions: NARO, NaLIRRI, MakerereUniversity (COVAB, CAES, CNS), SLU, Iowa State University –Uganda Program
• NGOs: VEDCO, SNV, Veterinaries Without Borders
• Private sector: PPM, Union of Pig Coops of Greater Masaka, Wambizzi Coop., Devenish Nutrition
Selection of target sites
Using geographical targeting using GIS characterization (pig density, poverty level and market access
Project sites in Hoima district
Value chain and diagnostic assessments
• Identify constraints and opportunities in the value chain
→ entry points for interventions
• Methodology
→ Micro-level assessments (value chain actor levels)
Inputs and service providers
Pig farmers Post-production nodes
• Questionnairesurveys:
₋ Feed stockists ₋ Village
veterinarians ₋ Agrovet stockists ₋ Village boar
owners
• Focus group discussions
• Individual interviews
• Questionnaire surveys:
₋ Live pig traders₋ Butchers ₋ Pork retailers
• Consumer household surveys
Value chain and diagnostic assessments
Description of pig production systems
0
20
40
60
80
100
Kiz
iran
fum
bi
Kit
ob
a
Bu
siis
i
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f h
ou
seh
old
s (%
)
Farrow-finish Farrow-wean Farrow-wean+Farrow-finish
Marketing outlets for finishers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women Men Women Men Women
Kiziranfumbi Kitoba Busiisi
Rural-Rural Rural -Urban Urban-Urban
Pro
pro
tio
n o
f re
spo
nd
en
ts (
%)
Fellow Farmers Butchers
Local traders Traders from other Town not Kampala
Traders from Kampala Cross border traders
Management: Housing typologies
Value chain
domain
Sub County n Tethering
(%)
Free
range
(%)
Housed -
(%)
Rural-Rural Kiziranfumbi 43 63 0 37
Rural-Urban Kitoba 47 72 0 28
Urban-Urban Busiisi 39 57 0 43
Changes in use of different pig breed types over the past 10 years
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
currently 5years 10years currently 5years 10years currently 5years 10years
RR RU UU
local cross exotic
Drivers of breed change in Hoima district
• NGOs initiative for livelihood improvement
• Introduction of new/improved breeds of pigs
– higher litter size c.t local breeds
• Capacity building of farmers in appropriate pig management practices
Rural-Rural (Kiziranfumbi)
Rural-Urban(Kitoba)
Urban-Urban(Busiisi)
Heifer International NAADS Tugende Mumaiso
World Vision World Vision World Vision
NAADS HOCADEO HOCADEO
Tugende Mumaiso NAADS
Preferred breed types and constraints
• Both male and female farmer groups prefer cross breeds
• Main constraints to keeping preferred breeds:
– expensive to buy cross/exotic breed,
– lack of knowledge on management of cross breeds
– high costs of inputs like feeds, housing and treatment
involved in cross/exotic breed
• Feed availability (quantity)
• Poor feed quality
• High cost of commercial feeds
• Extreme seasonal variations
• Knowledge gaps amongst farmers to use local resources
Constraints associated with pig feeds and feeding
• Better utilization of local feed resources in pig feeding
• Integration of high quality forages in pig diets
Intervention: what we aimed to do
What we did (I)
Documented current feeding practices
Household surveys – In Mukono, Masaka, Kamuli,
Hoima and Lira
Feed analysis– Analyzed nutritive value of 43 local
feed ingredients
– Used knowledge to formulate and test rations on-station and on-farm
What we did (II)
Carried trials to test pig performance on feed rations
Feed rations based on local ingredients
• Three diets tested on-station at Kamuzinda farm
Sweetpotato silage trials
• Three sweetpotato silage based diets tested on-station
• Best performing SPS diet validated on-farm
• Determined the cost benefit for the sweet potato silage based diet.
Key findings
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
60silage40MSM
80silage20msm
100silage
Maize soy bean meal
Farmer practice
weight gained(kg)
carcass weight gained liveweight gained
What we did (III)
Capacity development • Developed training materials
– A training manual (English & Luganda) and a brochure on how to make silage
– Brochure on feeding pigs on supplemented silage
– Extension brief on local formulated rations
• Trainings on sweetpotato silage making and feed rations– Extension staff of local governments (
Masaka& Kamuli), MUZARDI, NALIRRI
– Smallholder farmers (280 youth, 1,458 female and 402 male) trained
– Two silage open days held in Kamuli and Masaka
– Two sweetpotato silage business centers opened in Masaka and Kamuli
– Scaling out to Mukono and Hoima districts
Significance
• Potential of sweetpotato based silage to alleviation of dry season feed shortages smallholder farms
• Potential to improve use of local feed resources to improve pig nutrition
• Business opportunities around small scale silage making (Twekembe youth group already making and selling silage)
What we did (IV)
Forages
– Evaluated on-station (with BURZADI) and on-farm forages that are suitable for feeding pigs (low fiber, high protein)
Forages established in farmer fields in Hoimaand in BUZARDI
Trifolum Decorum Trifolium tembese
Lablab purpureus Desmodium intortum
Desmodium uncinatum Vicia vilosa
Lupinus, angustifolius Stylosanthus hermata
Demathus vergatus
Are Hoima households food insecure?
41
67
52
72
33
21
13
7
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Had worried that they would not have enoughto eat
Ate less preferred foods
Had limited variety
Did not eat what they wanted to eat
Had eaten a smaller meal
Had eaten fewer meals in a day
Had times when no food of any kind wasavailable in HH
Had gone to sleep at night hungry
Had gone a whole day & night without eatinganything
How frequently do households in Hoimaconsuming animal-source foods in a month?
56
83
95
95
99
86
86
93
85
70
33
13
3
3
0
3
9
3
8
13
9
3
1
2
0
9
4
3
5
7
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
11
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Beef
Pork
Goat meat
Chicken
Other meat
Mukene
Dry/smoked fish
Fresh fish
Eggs
Milk
None Once 2-3 days 4-6 days Daily
Nutrition status of children in Hoima
12 914 11
3 40 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Severe Moderate Severe Moderate Severe Moderate Severe Moderate
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agri-food systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
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