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' r""1??' riq*+', ?ir$', d": "d"
*r,ll"i 3' a" j ; 3
j.E-'ii {"ffi , . oJ ku- d.a-nonJ
Table ..192 SW 112: *-E4 : 1{SlE4 'silver fir (.e.ries arba)';J ki Tv -ki cf . sk,dQ16 4gff, rn ""1g, "arz,ll-r'roto"rr kq- n kii. .a narEe i elruce .oJ ki' u kti.j.u J- ,- ," kcp yn ku. ,a Iy-V.91 .(ex.)3 gu. !JC!I rtwig; birch'/fZ Cn nAr_" kel i,i ;;. :i.", ESI rtuigi; young treer, ntir-p6 'atde=-tree'-El'r ku_ MdE ki_ I E* 'tree' )!-/It nee11), 'reetl; switch r , . niex-kapSan x_k& MttM ke_ ..t'l-r-Low-rre e , (-g,aeens to be a suffix)/tv ner_Sk -g Ch ku. .e lc| wa-Llow-tree ' / sk nax:Ea ruillow-copser/ I(m,, -8d u tu.e.i 1r1 *?flfa 'wi llor't-tree I
' . n6r:sa 'wi11ow-copse'/
" -ga ' k;.;.i iii raisi ^ry_ge
rwillow-tree'.-- U *@.,I #3
u -sd i'w ffi"-. ): ch 3grl:e ,s iberia^n sitver rir,/P :* Y l-f: Xi""#+.:1: $-ru*o;1;;"'1//Yr
;.atu /st ttut;o/
j: . -ll.;.u n ,* ko' j' 'wa ,*1fr.*.1:
"+ n.r.,**irch'/MdE ki-.re.i, tsL-Motor -se g1[, Mayg-fg ("Gt-r"'apb1e-ttG;-,, @-Yr -ka
i?iliii{'t@,&ffir"8;l'Ei'#iff--'""3.giii. -- u *&iE.
Comm.3 1. The meaning is ttreet on both sid.es.--It is proposed. here thatpart fron U *!g (psa^n *gt (s. entry @ '1eaf') there ntrst have been in the Ul-s,nguages another word for rtreer, of the shape, saJ', *E/Eg.. Cf , Ch qOryq 'a1-der-t3ee', ndr-g6 rtwigi young tree'(FW 51 ) which stana-ii-ttre sa,ne
-tine as T'/
E9EEL twillow-treer, We have theref.ore good. xeason to think that in the ad.ducedU vortl fa.nilies all el-enents of the meaning 'treer a.nd. contaj.ning k, g, 1 nu6tbe takea as obscuretl or clear reflexes of ihe proposetl fo::m U *ti 7tl-( pBa^n *-t8).2. Pho.n.: initiat J, OJ E- vg U *E-, pSam *E-/ 1st syl1. .l i, S-, OJ3, 4 g, STiU *!, /,9., PSa.n *4. I, Coming to U -*&,j-E: xf, iray te ia*.n aE'a-root ErrpinsTon-ef e-nent ( rrui:rzeleflreiterungrr ), without tbe custonary sten-fina1 voffe1; *-u,a can onlybe an aild.ition to a fo::merly disyllabic sten, on the pattern of Fi otalia I salmon-net I vg II,@.; tr'i sala-va 'brittle wj.11ow' vs tr'II *lbfg; tr'i .'rtu-va ,fine hair'I's U il8Egjl. --This analysis lrould also mean that I'i 4!]4l and its fa.nily go backto e, shortest form *ko, simply neafi.ing rtreet. 4. pr6hle No. ,O conpared J kuwa,9.I h.!p rrulberry-tree| to tr'i koivu, etc. It is conceiveable . that blg3., Egpg con-tain the root $r seen above, plus arl expansLon elernent paralleL to U x-wa.
19r, J tslE, OJ klku (y. ) 'hear, lislen tor_ learar of ; untlerstand; enquire,ask about, investigater, J $!E@, 0J kfkdyu (sh.n. ) 'be heard., etc. r.Ta'ble . .19e - Fw 453 tr'i koke- f to experience; investi-J ki.k.u Hu xhal- _ _rrr Li vn 6.-1 E1i rzrrrr'r a gater exami-ne (trapsr nets, etc.); try'//tt ki.k.o eru FioJ kf. k.u Es
-EJ .tL9o.t|.o9- I'IU l{'llJrt-yr hd_ (t) Cf, kot.a_ obse_rvei inLestigate; choose; find., get f .
rr ki.k.o eru Fi kuul.e gater exami-ne (traps, nets, etc. ); tryt //y".OJ ;I:i;.; Est kurrl .ma tt99.- 'find-; sel' 7 ^hottlR
t j-nvestigate , tty' /;- ;j:;:,"i* Lp s*,t6_ Yn koa- I search (f or) ,' f i.nd ' /Sk -gE, ko?- ,
Fi ko. k. e- Md. kut-e- *E- 'prod'uce t . f i1d '/ry .@- ' sefreffid
'yr hd- (t) Ch kol.a_ eusexve; r-rlvesul-8a,Ie; cnoose; ILnor 8eT'.u ho. r. nl"ti 5 ;;, vty kyl- -- -u. *4yd'yn ko. .d- (r) vg qe1- TT-10?:-TF1-Tt'Il*!:l:-l ' I:,S.- lfearr\ '/ 0; ;;i- }:?rn oy-1t"".1'*: l:=:"*"" t. **"rstand
'vrL \4v- vp I}.\JI- a _. 'r , / L - \rr rio. .&- (r) " hut- l-':l::^!l:],*::.,1T:#"1.:..?l:ti;^t:".1:1" r{'uowoia- (to), Est kuuTffi rhearrT6:ETce, perceivet/Km ku-
y _ _*Io:y:6_ Fu (ru) * kur..e &%-Cffi Gffi; [H:d;l^iif\JL-y!-' YF< \|W9@4-t \,{qA+ '
Vp AVr-r Ar(tU- I I t a
Itu lft 'ear 'J . --T1ine Sam word-s belong here ft'rv if theyTri$nally 66fr?"ined. neaiarf, which has become lost.-- Fu (tu) *EgE or *SL9.
n 1-^ ^ t '' anteced-ent: xhal- r.-zpj- kuule- rhear, listen'- I{.9oWoia- r, \ -
-
- -,
Comm.: 1. I propose that the two n""d faniG on the U sid.e belong together.Their essentj.al forma1 d.j.fference lies j-n the second. sy11able of the reconstruct-ed. forms. ff one posi.tsr s&Jt, *L1;(-) as the prini.tive root, then U *ks;yg can betaken as one. d.evelopment, while FU (tU) *$1!g, another. Yr !"*1"- would. sooner gowith the l-atter. 3y this assumption
'the pffien of Yr lca, et-c. would. also be ex-
76
Dlained. 2. P.b.n.f.b.s.: tto investigate; exanine t ( thearing'. is- one aspect ofiili""iii"iti,-ul irr" ""Io"r,ii"
field of.kiFu). 2. r4o".: tnitial J, 0J k- vs
[-;g--ii"t-";.ir. ,r g, or f-;;-u;s,,Y (g-?lieiliar r' oJ-Evs u *1 (note: orSt fo-' ana fi 4- t" canr,6t say nh-ether tbey have ever been lotg:-"; even Yr @- r
i; f""-, and sFto+-- are in doirbt because of possible vowel lengthening under
stress; Yr Ery- oo"u oot Eeen to fit into the f irst g.xou!)'
194. J Ei!,11, p.l. #+u tsilk' silk thread; . material woven of silk threatl; cloth-
ins,. ono3 rrre oxr-grna-L t";;;; ;f-ki"" $as'rsj-lk' as found' on the cocoon'i with;'"':";";1; "i"tirl"El ry has-tend;a-To asgu.e the meanins of ra woven naterialwhlch. is soft to the touih
"".a gir"s a peculiar. sourd when it r:ubs agai.net sini-
io-ra,t"ti"f t; the neaning rgarllent, clothingr is secondary'
@- ou la". " Hl3n51'"1i.-" r"*";.ffi"*#*-tlT:rlEi?i.o.r r<fn.u : 5:1 ira.nae rgZe: Fi- Fina rfoan, frothr (note thatIi kin.a kon irt" "pialr"
and tI;-6ilkworn produce their rrsilkrr
Eu wqr. { ugric *k{n.3 from i froth-like body secretion)'r kin.idel - TEsz, MszlE (ex.): Err !!i44g(n,0Eu Fi4.'.at=' kiti-,r . gA,'d""+d,'91*i.4;3@-_.tigr.r6' kqtilvi: kenvidrvs kjnrL e ki11.vid. etc. 'rr.ghtfrfreigfri)l quick' easy; in-u- kilrta illcn-irioant, enall' ,'\- vg @, ts4a. -'easy'
ffiiiEr'i ("r w.ig},t)' /os @' t<dnt' @', El' 4'
Conn.: 1. P'b.n.f.b's': .rvery light' -flirosyr (naterial)" 2' Phoa': initial J'
oJ E- vs ugric *!-, r ri-g-/r "i-""virl 'l'1, o'r ! is-ugric *f,' r I|i !/nedial J' 0J
+;",-Lx+t#;,1,;;+l::;?'^.'fr "'ffi :-ffi6,1'*iTi.-?:.':!:'.1:"ffij':3?''1957 (T),115: otu -g din. suffix : a4-ov/,a'iG rittre; onlv a little" Uig
-:g;;*:'-n"i, raz, @-gry, id', Yak @'.'"ry snall''
-195.G, or d_e* (y.) ,coropete, contend. (against), rival ' fisht (fox
i:;ff*"'il;' rESz (ex. ),,1"-4-:-lT'"....!*'oi:,Il-,s1"(?rll;1); l::i"*""'.T ki .o. .u o. ""iu.i"6-
i"-fA-cine' , viid"a,-viuyf 'a.rignt,-a duel', glgi6.t ;h:;:p.t 'fighler; duelrer ' ' --origin unknown 'Eu vi.v- - conn': 1' The neanings agree ' 2' Ptron': initial J' 0J E-r viv'6.s ou no'f, ip"opouta two-qiy devetoproelt tron +/W' 6'
-Phonolo-" ;i;:;'" wl/ i+;;1ii ; i' 0{ 4i:-"o + (< *' ;i"" the uox'r is or
' "i .".aar i"iar oraer)/ nedial J L' oJ p vs Eu I' g'--;;;G, oJ kf{a?u (y..) 'trate, detest, .islike" 6no: 5!g3p4! rodious'
aboninable, repugnant ' ctetesla'ore '
T"ti. ,,fo6 TEsz (ex.): Eu dXg- ruoEu ari16l- rto hate' d.etest ' ' --orisin
3r fii:3rl *3m.: 1. p.b.n.r.b.s.: ,hate; to hate'|. z.:.initia1 r' or
O. klr' apasl n- "l-ii'ei- - (noie : "irir._trot.
frequentlv, .Eo,,fl. iu__H:*Il "oi" #.:i: mi"ru**:i,e"i * uu:: ff".;:-i;io: i;rT;:t":ili.'tl= .'- t il"ro 4, 1(of these' i is lo"sia"itd'to 6" order) /neitial
J' 0Jgvs Eul'197. J kiri' 0J kfrl-'fos, 1"1"' Ti:11: - ,
Tab1e'.''rq7:cu'"lg::'.1:;f .t#r.;:::tif"!?*iir" n""."ip1!.1i91.9*.becone >
{, I?i:l ,d"*?iTi. il.;:;';;i;;;i i,-oJ-t-'ou o;E k-./1st svll' J !' 0J I:osE ksl.d o" ou, "'it'"ti"i"r,"6i i"l'osE ! /rinal ;l o'r -i vs OsE -g'
ffi-o,i+"-.(t.i.).put-o?,*,".'..(c1othes),,J@,o.l4$1"t,.*;T*':'"oil'*'
";",'-;i tgry_!5;)";li'ie$,:ff"' "]'lnl: l"'r*",, ki.s.em Psa.n *t."- d"iy" fg6e, Osr !g- lnu! on (clothes)".
ot ;ir:;:;"- or *ker.€- sw 6et *EgI- - *g@-,_ rput on, vear (olothes)r ;
;" ;?:;:; sk !$3. i cr. nv 36-raili ia' ' st g-r'g9Eg tgo into"I f-$.;." Tr r.. a*g lehtisaro 1916' 1t6t sk bEl router saruen!
77
of men and woment (it is mad-e of reind-eer skin with the hair turned. outward.);Yr kbrr5, l<[.rr5 twbments coatt.-conn. 3 1. P.b.m.f .b. s. : rput on/wear clothes r. 2. phon. :k- in all forms on the II sj.d.e /lst syll. J !, 0J l, d ," OsEJ, 0J r ( in the intr. rorms i
-"'" o"n-i, psa,m *r. 5 . From theit is plain that the root form is tf(-).
_ . . 199. _ J^kisou, dno: ki.sopu (y.) 'vie, contend., struggle, fight, conpete (with)r,Table 1qg
J ki'.o u ? ,,i kic.a TEsz, MszIE (ex.): Eu kiiz{- < OHu @g(+) ,.,i",d. ;i;:;d i irit ii!.1 ::li*d'.rishtr struggG-(against)ffie"t one-Eu kiiz. d.- ? lp er*e ::+r- ?:si.dl-ou:r1, (fgr a purpose or against sone-,f kiisz ijd._ - ', thing)', tiif?tO*(it) 'fight, struggle, take painsVg kas- Ugric +kid.s lover sonethihg) ',-.-Vg @.- ' kdsi- 'compete, vie Irr kEe.L- ( ef'u) /Ys @ 'conpete' d.o sonething for the 6ake of0s kas. ti ;;--- - -,; - - :i l uaget; racer, kilen 'to racet/,? Fi kisa ,ru!'' ka'.e ; 68" f?3:3 lji{i,"il.slL',ij.*i*,_l"i#it"i,igi"ffi.n"";?: p,hol:: initia:r r, 9. F-.,o" "grre
(;ffi:;E]'zi;l_l;i;l i;'uj"i'+iti;ijff$*;'.*g /nedial J 9,. d._ e (=.e) vs^usric.(tFf ) E!.' l. The elenent _!q on the J sideis a frequ. vexb formant. 4. Cf. trSZj Su't6Ea- OSu ti"e (""""1-,figiri, -utroggf";.uffering; quarrel
' d.ispute | . --origin ulceFin, --trrffiouping'of kEsa- rj.sa withE!i4. - ts encumbe?ed. by the difference in vowef oraer, -:-T;-ilid-that the inpoJetance of vouel ord.er difference is probab:-y ueinf overpraiea nereand in nany other cases. lJhere d.oes kdsa-kisa terong il ,rot i"="i-'--"
200. J kltsune. OJ E$tune-qlE-__=rf oxr . O-no: kitune ^,kitu.rable . ?90-'r'w Ffrsz, Llszr-l.lsnr i;;. i,;;.r----Eiu.,," pJit; (nobre) wona"'i bride, -rH+gl9E"Eff,';#i"ESrif+?:_oJ krdt.u.ne iale'er-mine' , r.it,'ker., kaj ;i"rirJ (irffiri,ff"=H**-*.u. -rr kut.u.ne aninals)r, e.g. , .E-aI6oiiT '-ferale/doe rri"" , /0"-r.l.i I -r.",i
l-i8iJr,I .\tt.",(the).femate (;f=;IG, fox, wblverin", io""tEii'"fiiirTffiprcIu l?]er E4!!g ,female ermine'.-- r'u *gS=wa or *r.M]__i"-u"'rrbrh,,rr hiig h- ind.icate' that this word uas-;?-terar v6iilel order originalry.Vg ldral! -The assu@b1e *-J- ha; i""""j tiru vowel ord.er of a1t nembersin this word fa,nily patatal. --In &!|Wr a
"o""a "rr""g" -*SiJI,
0s k"i - g > 1T, has taken place lfohere 1 b"f o"-ef or. 4 roust be iietynolog_Ip ..9"9,. .f" ica1, the :a,99 ": i" &flr s. en-try i"c5f._:R;s;;ains trre uuFo *kali. .wa word, the following uEF"trii" chaage ri-Esun'ed : -*?enaie, >'fe-oI'EaO. .w3 male eminer ) (endearingly) ,bride; sweetheart, etc. ,.
Coxnn, ! 1. p.b.n.f.b.s.: rfenale (of sab1e, fox, wolverine,g"Tt?", 9Ti1"I and o,thex, sLnilar .aninals) r . 2. phon.: initiat j, O.r-t_ vs trU *k_/ lBt sylr.. J !, 0J !, E ": I'g. *g /med.iar { !g, O.r t vs r'U x! lrinar oF tne stenlJ. 0J u va FU *-a or *-i. J.. The elenents .t, -i-.r -re.; r,pW _&.1 inU x_,gil_g a,readd itiinal to an(orisina.-ui) di;;1i;il;-;;";: --
-^*,?01.^^J kivo-ir O.f. t{yd-g+ rcleanr -clea?, pure, innocent, righteous'.In OJ,'{aore . ?ur thj.s word_waE used in paxticular as an attribute of a rlver,J kly.o. I a river-sj.de, fields and. meadows cloae to a river, the noon_
:: kiy.o.neru light;.a1so in the sense rpertaining to a god,i J kiyoEexu,:_ k1x. or.naru o,r tlvdnu (sh.n.) 'cleansel purifyi exorcile; cona-rate,, JOJ kiJ.o'.si kiyo+aru, Uno: kiyonaru-kiyonaparu (y.) ,le/tecone purj.fLed,rr ki!. d.nu etc. .0. kiy.o.naru tfSZ (ex.): Eu kies-0Eu, clial. kijes 'pleasant, delightful," kiy.o.naparu charrning, beautifuf, pi cturesqueil-said. of the countryside,Hu ki.e,s of an area left in its clea.n, natural state), kietlenn,It ki j . e. s lc.i.i etLen I tlesert , d.esert-Ii.ke tract o_f lana, "ffi."s ;tl?ear1r, ba?xen, d.esolate, d.eserted.' lrthe suffix coroplex-_tlen/
"., -te1en,/-ta1an is of privative firnclioq/. --Origin irncertffiConm.: 1. P.b.n.f,b.s.: tpule; pleasant to look a+,t. 2. p'hon,: initial J, OJ
k- . vs Eu y- /'t a-t syl1. rJ :., Oi J.vs- Uu i / nediat {r OJ 4 vs Eu /, I / ririar of trre
pximary ,sten, J 9., 0J d. vs Eu J(open).-Sior" O.f ! ana d are fn6-lrn ,-iq have alter-nated (! at least dia1.) with velar vowels, one oould assume that $!l- was ofvelar vowel oraler. Since lre knorr kies, it ls of palatal ord.er. Vowel order change?
7B
2O2. J !izq, Uno: kizu '(") cu!, gas!,-brrrise, wound', scar'1 0J Tld'a '(")cut,notch,nEt.',?O@,'glrr(")ilJkiza,mu,0Jni?TY\y:/.'tot1.-:"='"notch'r J kezunr, 0J E&-""" (.y.) '9ot j.nto the surface (not deeply)' cut d-own lit-tle by'ritTt;-hittr6f6raii";! (wool)' r ? -r k?iiry_,1fl?yl nibble at, bite at "Table ZOZ TESZ ("". ): Hu'kerd- 'to beg'in, make !h" first move of atL ac-
J, clJ kiz.u ti.on; 'uegin to ffi cut (a loaf , etc. ), start oor break into
J', 0J kiz.a.mu (Sone material to be used- up)t.--0rigin unknowrl.
J keu.u.ru if. literary and. dial. Ilu kr-kezA- tgnaw, ni.bble at (** mi-ce
0J k4d.1r. nl and ;;;;-;;) ,;;";-irt" rr.iiG-p""" wound the f lanks of a
? 0J kid.a horsei ki foutf is a verbal prefix).? J kaj.i.ru Conill: 1. P.b.rD.f .b.s. z tcatfbreaklwgottd the surfacef ,
Hu kez. . d- hence rmake a s.tart t . 2. Phon. : initial J' 9l g- .tt, Ht E: /-l stsyl1. J !, oJ l.' 3 91 9J. d' ? J ? -vs "o.9r!:t::)
/nedial J'oJ zt oJ d, ? J j. ys ,tu.g. 2:'$" 6i"r"ii d. i; a r"16- forma^nt (frequ. here). 4.
cf . Ra,rastedt Dji (r), 462 Tu uig wdlFy 'bound.ary, ed.get , Kaz gJLjlL' _Osn_gviv' chuv
rara: Mo k'l^a*ag-, Kal-muck @- i"Ftorder, blin' bound'aryt' 4' cf ' Streetffii:"'\giffi'M;*k"d"-]?-lvein,insert|l9fu'bi.te'gnaw,nibb1e|...?Jkai 1ru.--it. J @, oJ kd 'chlrd, of{spring; the young of ar-rinarsr ' o'l -tor : gf-tdInan, r1are, loy, g"u,rro"rriiil id*f a"-J33lar^'rt1 ),.Eo,-14 as an ettaearfig tEifrIain'
.
suffix, e. e, , -E@@.,Iitt1e'fl-owert, - E?ru-ko 'fi-itG spr,ingtine' ,- @!i-ko 'lit-
tre roaclr (gdttry enougrr, these are girtiE6-es),-oi-;i:-k';;"nouratGG7(it'Mini-nd-Mikd ,prince
"t triri;l airippi-rlee' S?o) ' ,;otr endearins te::n for'hus-bandl (sonetines for 'wife'), 6-tl-ou' -'ora I0*" ( t'i!"i[Fis a varia'it of ko4' o- istikely an honoriric, -rr"'r3;ff"r*";i; ;rrtg;- -;lJir-"""+1- 'tr'e nare wtrE-inv-vites'
(a tem from J nytholosv)T"tei"-'"i:ii-'i""ifiT6il"pi6Tr"ti*' of a nale eott'(k"n'ie99" 4^lu an attr' !'arker) ' TEsz, I.,IszrE (ex. ): uu hj.n ,nare of beasts, birds,ffiff 0s $e." ;;;:; ill,r-"-t;i:j, 6i":r sr'"[ (pr""":".i.1- i's6.r re ' fi.l "*''ry'**-;ty"toh:'m"',"th %*5'.ffi:i./utfzri , ii.". il f"i."" ttl -:I;:t-913---.1t" FinarETer-ueca'ne lost' !!si 6.' 'r.i.'-/ Esr ;-"; iii LT"::"'lfil liTls::1ffii"'l3"t lf i;';?;-Eu ui'n Yr f ': ""#;il i'""it"u fron a u for:n sucb as *Egjis.
,"s fr:fr I" ff:13 iffi;J';;;c,-'.'') a''d a denon' non' fo::n-
sk ku.p rv il:; a^rlt x-99.'--.u *E-s']I9!gg1;-the . rollowins
rr ku.n x.n ;:';; Ye worils "aise s6i;i-'5'fen: qain rmale of
k6.n o *il,jte)."c bEasts', gE;in, kho-i6n rs"1" 5Ea" gf4.'s - -,-il.
jt "l
. o. *- - :^v' ,.
= / :- 3 #""' :Fil;"?ll*: ":l+:.'*il.;r'1,
":ly u-
Eu he.re vg So.j could thlnk that they have atisen fron SlrVg fGF. r tr &u'i '!tuj 'nale of aninalsr--in the separate life;- te:;
f ffi i f"":T^:th"e"'--ro" cognates or su tr{n's'
;; H?Ef_(:i;);"ttts*:l"^};L"dl"[& tili:',of alinals;
"eind.eer-oxi .stallion'/os fl'S.-'""indeer-ox" k5r rstalrion' ox'
nale of animaLst /Zr &tr|g' ''a1e d'og'h'i ffi""-td9g' ' koirss rnale of aninals' ' Est
@ | d-ogt//lT Eqg 'r0a1e oi aninils, UFof wifO'rFna"er' bul1' stallion' ?arlli
nilt' , s|ggr'id. ; 'peni-s of t rl o" of nale aninal',/In EEl' kura runcastrated
reindeex,/Tv g to.7or i-o=!-io*, nale of aninals ' . --b-ginally ' Eu here vas of
back vowel ord.er' but i" TE;= PE"'";; it cttanged to front vowel orderl this isassu.ned to have trappened ;;";d" ittrto"tto" 6f a'n assuned Eedial -*-jL- which has
since disappeared' like in all othex II. laJlguages ' e*cept !'i ' --The f inel -9 of @e-is either a possessive iiiriii i i"i- "el-""-"-Eir.
suff-ix. --This word fanilv p?oba-
b1y derives fron a U t"I"l- "rrti'"" *!9;9 'huna'n being' nanr and s denon' nom'
:#l"a;t:lJ*";ffi 'h'?*H5:'::'ffi ;il.TiP"i'Hli;1"'il";:*riil"raiiHffi--''""";":"9:J:H')i.i;rH"
"if*i**#;u cognate of Eu hf+, i,3., hdsa
ttwentyt ( seroantically:-;i1";;;d;; "',a-io"" oe " tt'i equal s tt"' i" "oottiiig
MSZEE again reconstructs?*ffi, ""4 relevantly gives ' anong others ' tbe f ol1ow-
ing d.ata3 +" $!-. (as the bs,se of hrisz ), Ve ko- in 1;p.f, rnr..i (as apove) /Os ku'na.n, etc.', g'man, huebandr. -=-oT'ihe-.r-siae, TE'wffd dJ g(/gf-6"iiii-"rynea.ns rlani nalet. The other neanings are likety secondary. I'h;;r -the p,n.f,.b..s.is: rmani nale; roale child.r. 2. Rega?d.ing the d.e?ivation of Err hin and its oog_nates I I $onde". MSZI'E and other vorks evid.ently des j.red to acc6G'od.ate in tbe re-constructed for:n all those adduced Yg, 0s, r,p, and yr rdoTd s lrhich contain i, aJrd.all supposed. cognates 9f Eu !fug, @' ana hd.sz, Eoweyer, one nust ask: rs-it nec-essary to posit *Eil.@ for hin and its innediate cognates when in theee wordsthere is no indication of .the sy11abl" *iG) t Ttre ^length of ! in $4 is no proofof a supposedly lost xL(9), for the leng-thening of vowels in-Eu w-rd.s of (C)VCBhape is ueually conpensatory for the loss of the fo::nerly obllgatory final vowel;also, it is conced.eal by I'ISZtr.! that in the Vg fo::ns qein,'gajin; etc-. tbe preaenceof -i- is probably the result of separate d.evelopnenTTith:iiffi; further, ae re_gards Eu @,, .V€ ld,r, kpr, etc., only Fi i ( anci ? Est e) could be aseuold to havecone fron u *j-GJ, but it could. also be inetJrr0ological. --sone support for the forB*gig night be geen in vs leil, g!i, 0s T.oi, r,p bliir and y" IEjlpPg. Iut side byBlde.lrith 0s.1gi extst the. fo::ni g andE, uhile MSZtr'E sta6;-[A the base ofHu ht6z ie htr- in lrhich th€ length of the vowel is agaLn compensatory (cf. husza-g,,ig-Edtn t )-fhue., ,1t. should be fairly ctear that the.recons-tru"t"u ;t;r"it:o **iE not lrlna,ry. This turplies that in the forns U *blJS-)g;! atla r$S]G):EC only-*@ is plinallrx 5. Phon,3 initiat J, 0J E- vs u.*5--ft1,-6.r 61, ffit-{T +, br.J ts!E!, 9J +Jg+'
rleailer; roaster; Iordr. and Eu hf.ro, Vg xIE, @, Sk @, etc. I,propose that the prinaqir mea.ning of !fu! uas Ina.rri na1et. Since its-antonyn ggl'retai+erf contrasts with it ,is.tructurally (s. Qno 1974, ont), chances are that thepalt Ei- is identical with EVkd seen above.--0no d.oes not explain the etenent-35! in detail. _I suggest that the U denon. fo::na;rrt *-9, seen above, a^rrd. its re-flexes in Eo !!g, Vg, Sk @r etc. could be lirl<ed with it. 5. In OEu a^rrd. Eu fami-1y na,ne6 a.nat Christia^n naoes one frequently enoounters the elenent -!y'-$ or itsvarJ.ants, eviilently in the sense tyoung/Iittle, i.e., the son/d.aughter of .,,t.E.9., Gyur-kd, glq=E.r.Gyur-ka ryoung Georger, Pal-kd ryoung Paulr, 4E6.ryoung Sened.ictt, 441:& ryoung Annr, Ildi-ko tyoung Eildar. [tre sa.ne elementfunctions as a din. forrnant of conmon nouns, e.g., hd,zf-k6 tlittte houset (S!grhouser)e @$ rstunp' (tusa id.), rdai-t<6. 'rittriEilf( 16da 'boxr), l. rartira\1958, 115) enphasizes that the d.in. fomant -\!J -k6 was used. in OEu nainty inconnection with personal naaes. This fact.pror4ides reason to think that thisfornant is soneho!, linkable to J !g1 OJ kd-kf (note: in Eu, a1l o arrd. nost 6in final position autonatically uicone fiig)- '
204. J kobotsuz &.Egpgr OJ kopotu (y. ) 'break, srnash, destroy, d.enolishr, JE9!9€15 0J kobosu (y.) 'spilt, shed (of liquids), drop', J koborenr 'Set spilt/
-catterea/ni-Gd/chlppett/brotin,,
J iowareiu, oi kEEf- (sir.nfiiffil1J, co11apse,be destroyed., worsened (".g., by weather),. (-Ul j-s a,rr 0J passive verb fonnant.)Table 204 TESZ (ex.): Eu koboz- rto tr)lund.er, sack, con-J kob.o.tsu Eu kop,o.sz fiacate, seize (by authority in order to ale-tr kob,o.su rr kap.a.cc stroy), OEu Kubzo (personal na,ne ) ?'rrobberitr kow.a.su r kop.d.r plunderer t . --Origin uncertain, ? < LoLLik).rf kob.o.reru t' koi.d.Iy rnszr 59g[g) '(ii) wear, ,"a" off /a€yffi;ff kow.a.?eru tt kop.d.I- get thin from wear, becone thaead.b are / shabby /0J kop.o.tu tt kup.6,.1- frayeil | . --origin uacertain,rr kob.o.su rr kov.a.szt- TESZ: EgIg..,0Hu ko?osz, kupaEz, dial.' kuy.u rt kov.a.d- kspacc-@(-neaaE?f, natffiEil'featherless,Eu kob.o.z- rr kop- barren (of fields)r bleakr strippedr ilrea?ytff kop.a.6z rrorn and. toln| ' Eglwq- rdenudet stripr." kup.asz lEsz: kopd,r ^.rlgpffi 'barren' infertile (tree-
tess, FF tdd-Fean I vasie (ianil)'.TESZ: !9g!!- -@t!- rrenove' break the outer skin (of valnut, chestnut ) |, kovaazt-id., kovad.- 'the skin cones loose (fron _the inner part of fruit' potatoes) t.
Conm. ! 1. P.b.m.f.b.s.: rbe knocked/smashed t I hence rbecone worn,/d.e stroyed I
(Eu koboz-, ln the sense rconfiscate (with a view to destroying)r is no d.oubta€sociated. with the nenorxr of the old for:m of punisbment whioh required that thecond.enned. personrE d.we1ling and belongings be destxoyed). 2. Phon.: initial J, 0JE- vs Eu !- (irregular before a velar vowel)/ 1st sy1l. J g, 0J 9r I vs Eu g' g'g /med.jaL J !r !,r 0J g' !. vs Eu !r pr !.
n
I,pn
205 . J, 0JTable 206J , 0J kob.uFi kup. .la
kobu twenr swellingt
Hu kup. o . 1ag
ku .u. f agob. . l-egob..10kdw.6.1kuw. d.l-kdm. .lenhom. a.l-hup. o. lag
kup. i. naskup. i. no
?lctrb. i. noggb . . Panq6,p. e. nhEp. e. n
''F kup. i. na
Fifl
tl
LpVgIt
FU
BO
hunp , bump ( ott the bod-Y ) 'FIrV 1OB (ex. ): Fi kuP1a, kPufa' ku]rlo rbub-ble , bl-ad.d.er; bunp ; (f ish- ) sound'/LpInaqieotie rroe of the perchf , eo,blo, ,l19tg
t -19\ - ,
E , kuw6l f water bubble' /0, kdml'en ' (fishiffi;.AFat rb]-aod.er, bl-is'i;er; corn (ott i;hetoe ) '/Ho@lxgg rblad-derr . -- (ononatopoeic?)
FIIV 1OB : Fi. kupinas t (tish- ) sound-'., kuPino(tuuino ?)/ttnrgglge (?< Fi)/vs qa,e,p€n'
hA6.pen id..-- FU *&Ii&.TESZ (ex. ) : Hu hupolyaA ^d-ial. kupola$r i}9I9-las ' swetiing ( on tfre lodil : tumor ' .
bli:t?1 '
chIt
0stl
Hu
!-i*pf"r v€sicLe, cystt.--This word' is of d'e-
B.t
grou stiff, harilen I congeal'.
^ conm. 3.1. S" ESgg is unlikely_ in. the
. present- context (s. entry @). 2. p.b.
n.f .b.s. i -t
f reeze (not heavily),, 3. a qui_ck norphene analysis or trri6T words Lnl":?t-::" :_l:I: tl?t.rn:. "o:l gl"T:"t.i.s gf (seen prainly :.ir tue nrn:.nai-n;i;-kd;:. t(o'-jiiru: .where -El is the 0J (nedio-)passive verb fo::nant); in the other fo::mE- on-tlre J iaide, a.reduplication of the root is obvious. Fhus, ue have two stens: idtuand ESI (to the secondr..no U.counterpart is proposeii). 4..phon.3 initial J, dtT_;!.il,.{: fi,'=o;"Ei']Xo"if-,(H: l*'il"'og;,8i ni.d,Il
$$ou;oil ll *"a;:"1;+"f|frost in the ground'' Est k+rF |ice laver, ice dee! down in noist p-i s'liikift I thln ice which does not Aeart/[? Ch kert rice-crust on the sniw,,/Os Tren_iug-an kdtgh .rthin crust on.the snolrr, 9us-@ J.-- w *kirte., --lsinc, ttr"reflexes of the FU (ass'roed) elenent *-te aiE-IiEAoently encounEed in nouns onthe u sid.er and becauge the cruster *g[ is suspect of hlving come about throughthe loss of a fo:rner interveni-ng vowel r suggest that the (inconplete) prinafostem of I'U *kj.rte was *kjl- rfreezeii cf. Eu edr-dz-, kdr-ned-; cf. Gan;aiow 1965,e4r,Ou ++4+Ff(Vi ) ^r-eeze s1ight1y,, kir
--very thin crust of ice on the snow',Karno. kaxnr 'crust of ice,. 6. Cf. SreS (ex,.): I'i kuura 'hoar(_frost), whiteEi = zr--gp1 @ 'hoa", white frost, "ine/?
yry .f,r-*ie"',1ro""ili roet), / /zSk r @ id, f . Cf . Poppe 1954, 2952 Mo kdr- 'i6-ot ot?-, freeze' ' k61dtl ibe_com-e_ ice,.freezer_: !Qg!- rto chill,.congeal, stiffent; 5[1!g<* B1glffrgofAt.---Note the sinilarity between 0J k&ru and. Mo tsiig- t evei-66E strffii.s ttrecongruence of the roots!_y9 ![__:, oJE:. e. Cr.-;nzine 1956, tZ>: ii ia.n eet:fit is cold.r,-a=e=l.8j tco1d.r, ud.ehe Aili.hi id.. 9. Cf. ResEinen 19i5, t1: f i@,etc, vs Fll and. Mo fonos.
. ?OQ. J E9!S!, Ono: konu (y.) 't. crowded, packed, j'mrnediJ koneru. dno: kdnu( sh. n. ) _' in6fii6, packE:Eo,'- siuff , 1oad. (;: s: ; ; dn), ci"i" ihfi' r;;;;ffiikononr (y.) 'sbut oneaelf up, be confined'(in), be inplied./corpriseaflTIa- (with)lalle .208 1IESZ (ex.): uu g14- gl@ 'oak-appre, gall; cocoon | . --proba-J kon.u bLy ononatopoeic. -(-E.-cs fE-E din. foraant. )I kon.eru TESZ: sE]g id.; tcapsule' (".g., poppy-head) (-d contains a^nrr kom. oru absorbed. d.in. foma;nt ) .OJ kdn.u Tf SZ: p!"'rb!g,at-,-- subb?szt- 'hudd.le, crouch, pu11 oneself together',tr kon.oru +pE""E"d-Ck) fd-. l(-rerrextve verbs; +l'p ?*g e?iig"t."). -,'Tu gub,a TESZ: grb?ncos ^, Aobqn"oos-Aabanco s 'natte6 tuft;d' (woor, elo 7.
ll e"!.ryu [ESZ: su.nd,,'-aon6.-gQg{ 'tubef, protuberance, bu1b, knot, knobr." gub.6 TESZ: Aonb 'button, knob, stud., boss (as a d.egoration on a^n ob_tr gutb ad - ject), knot, round.ed. head. of an object, ponnel (of the hilt ofrr kuppasz- a sworrl) ' .u gbb TESZ: gqgu rball, orb, spberer.rr gon.olyit- TXSZ: Eii!. 'kqotn nod.ule, tubercle',
rESz 3 Eomolyit- ^,ggE!gfE!g- 'lrind (twine, etc. ) into a ball r .Conm.: 1. P,b.n.f.b,s.: 'to pack/stuff/croud (into)'. 2. phon.: initial J,0J
&- :" q! e:' E: 1lu!-:{1}:.J g, -o.r gl d vs'Eu g, d, ij f'neaiar J, oJ q vs nu n, r,p. 7. C{. Ra,n8tedt,1957 \t), +l . Kor @- | tle/wrap iound, envelope,lind, c&"ii,lg ks^n-dan rputtee(s)r, Mo @-, Suriat 56ana- rwrap roundr, tu.@. , wtap !n/rounal, guJcround. i to case .
_, _ 209, _{^@-korashineru, 0J kdbu, t6r8pu (y.), dno: korasu (y.) rrebuJre,
'r-aDre . zuv scold-, chastise, d.iscipline, correct, punLsh, give a personJ kor.asu a leggont, J Eg-Ii.gl, oJ kotru (sh.n.) r leartr by-experience,'r kox. adlin eru lea:=r ro one'ffiFrow'.
-rr kor.iru TXSZ (ex.): Eu korhol--d.ia1. ku?hol- rrebuke, scold., chid.et.oJ klr.u -- Onornatopoei c7-tt k&r.fuu Conn.: 1. P.b.n.f.b.s.: tto rebulce i to d.isciplinet. 2.Eu kor. hol- Phon.: .initial J, 0J k- vs -IIu k- (J-rregular before a veLar!' kur. hol- vowel)/ 1st syll. ,f gl O.I 5f vs-Eu 9r g /nedial J, 0J I vg
uu g. 5. Cf. the position of 0J g vs Eu Ey'lgr and. see thetxeatnent of 0J E vs U *p in the section Morphology.
210. qJ.-kdrd : nd-tcdrd 'likeness, sinilarity'. ono: e5!- = ma- | genuine,true' ; -Bh! -?--Egrara, as........-- ono-zu-kara tof itseli' , ni-zuTara ronesElf '.kdras t shape , f orm, outward. a;.ppearance I r k6rasGGulya 1966: OsE Ldras , EISQg 'similar; of ..
Table 2100J -kotr. d0s'E kdr. astr kdr. asSw? U ttkur. B
kunrmeku (y. ) id.Tabfe 211J kor. o.butt korf . o. garu
kor. o . gasugur. u-kur. u
gdr. . {eger..gddD-k6r. i. 1-kor. O . g-
*ker. , ke-
(l tate OsE kdras to be cognat.e,with_the U word fa,nily abgve). 2. Phon.: initialO; f.- vs g xF:7Tst syll. ^0J d (usually al-ternating with 0J a) .vs g *g /ned"ia1 OJ
" oF V x! cT. final- 0J -d and stem-final vowel OsE a. 3. It f.i=as5gr--s$w is a
suffix complex. 4. Lehtisalo 1916, 192 giYeq tpN euorgF'.IP-t.kudroE 'enpty'.where-g is a FU denom. nom. suffix. There is a fair chance that this word. is related. toLp gorod above I since J kara t shel-l t is j-d.entical- in shape with J kara remptyr
,and Js quite cfose to it semanticallyr I propose to link the latter word.e too,with the words ad.duced in this comparison.
211. J korobur_koroflanl ttumble, roll overtr,Eg-ry.^lt-o reel-, thread-, wi.nd.,spin', kuru;-Eno: Effil- id., J sunr-sunr-lo (adv. ) =,0J kuru-Euru:Jo rround-
and. round.l OJ lfirm ra hinge f , Ono : kurrrbeku (y. ) tturn/spin round. and. round. t ,
FW 95 t tpK g6rya- 'fall (repeated-1y) ;. gu.itstrongly' , g6rsdd4- rto fall, tumbl "' / l? Vgkee_til- tstumble r/0s kijrsg- rto fall' tumblea;iltrT. -- FU x6s3ks-. -TESZ (e*. ): tto g'rr f roll, send. rollingr ro'-tate,
.trundle',gp!--gSil&' (Vi) ro11along, trrrndle, ffiu' ,.@ id. ,
'zurait-I to play by rolling/tnrnd.ling/bowling' , Fnrrul-t (Vi ) ro11, revolve t r &|€l-gtLnrga treel of
Hufl
tf
tl
ll
ft
It
It
tt
il
OJtl
tpfl
?Vg?0sIU
82
color/appearance r.
Ref erence to entry kara I she11 I , karad.a rbod.y I , esp. to f'Iry 142tp rod tboclyr €sp.. of the carcase of a slaughtered- animal'/VSqwam-"m, figure ' /o, kdr, hdr / / [z Yr har- reflexive p"onoott/yn ke@, Eg=g'-/-- u *Eg&..
Conm. : 1. P.b.o.f .b. s. : f bod.y, figure r, hence rsimi.larityr
gur, i . t-g1lr.u.1-gur. . d.ul-gtrr. o.8-gur. u. gagur. i . gagiir. . d.iil--
cotton or thread; hoopt, gurgula ta cylind.ric-al or tubular objectr.--0nomatopoeic words.
Comm. : 1 . The adduced word-s are probablyonomatopoeic, but not negligible.--P.b.m. f.
b.B.: rrol1i tumbler. 2. phon.: initial J !-r g-r 0J !- vs f'U *E-, nu E- /tstsyII. J 9, g, 0J u vs I'U *9, Eu gr 3i /nedial J' 0J ! vs I'II *gr Eu r. l. The ele-nent TII *-t<g/Eu -p is paralleled, in the sa e position' by the verb fornarlt gon the J gide.--W *-ke ls ad.dlitional to a foroerly disyllabic sten.
212. J k6ru, O.l Ed@ (v.) '(vl) freqzg, qo+gea1t a thin laver of ice fornson the surface 6r tuFwater i
' Onoi oi *dwdrd-tdwdrd an ononatopoeic word, usedin oorurection with ' curdling t .tabLe 212 rrsz (e*.): Eu Ednbergd(ik) ^,oEu, -dia.l. €6qbttriid(+15) ' e+!fu4!!e,ffi . ru aij b ij rd d ( i[ ), sdn-6e-i-s- ]
b e 6 one s t i f f /bard-Ti5i-i6Et' EAnTE+E-oJ adp.o.ru .-djaI. ei!g4il-, adbiirit- 'benunb/stiffen with cold; to chillr.?oJ tdv.d,rd- -1....a4t--iJ' "o'i:41- :ftii fl|il:r?3:rggffi *:i€fi'+s @rsi- 'hardening (tron
:: qi:':'::i- bomn.: 1. I a€ree with TEsz that this wo?d fanilv 1s of:: q?:'?':?i- ononatopoeic origin.--P.b.n.f.b.s': 'harden/stiffen (with cold)r'" gon'o'roo- 2. Phon.: initial J' oJ k- vs Eu 8- /16t syll. J g' 0J 5! vs Eu
!.' ii' i / ned.ial J L, 0J P, ? E vs Eu !r 4 (note: in the clu6-Ter-Iab ' U is taJ<en as the prinary sorud to which a-honorganic
. grioit "E
been added). ,. cf. the verb for:nants 3 in J and Eu'
21
'. J &gEL, Ot B!Ei. rthe waistl the snall of the tacki lolns; hip or pelvio
Table 211 reqlon: haunch | .ru:i ftZFi-(";:t;--dg-@ 'beuy, abdornen, tu.Dovt-?/-'zr @1{-' ePY 'lvineOJ kds.i on oners tacf<'/V-y g!, &L in S. Eifri-nl 'lie on the back''-- The
Eu has oxtginat neaning i,r-tut Fana wv-ififrFT'' question.nay have beenZr g"t{ ,ba;k,. The "qoitioo
is encumbered by the sernantic difference be-tween tbelly I and. rback t .
Comm. l.Inasmuch as the Eu, Zr, and. Vty word.s in question carL
be taken to mean 'the nid.dle of the body' (geqerally), th"y uay be
useful- here. Cf . J koshi-ki thub of " *itu"ii (f.i 'wocd'), OJ k&Pi
'nid.d1eofth;-bo;y@'diggerwaSp'(1it.:'(its)
rr gadVty gabrr ga$
B3
waiet^(is) thin wasp'). 2. phon.: initial ,r, o{ E: 1s Fu !_, zt, vty g_ /jst syu.{ e, oq d vs,Eu, zr, Ity_a./:Z!:2, r.cE, gr c (=-!d vs ni s, z; !A, E, ?t"-9,"t-
214. J kosu-i. clJ L9su-Fi rcunning, uI{: 9tf !V,; niggard.ty,. ? OJ g@!lcla,fty' ? <_........_*l3@ ito ite, d.eceive, pretend' (OnoclaraT.Eabre . 214 s{.66z ]5$9, 'srpr_,o"rs,. craftiness, cunningness'; cf yr Eid! 'ury'{_ - kos.u. 1 /sk ge!i.;-B.i /h @ id.urJ kos.u.Bl coEn.: 1. ?.b.m.f.b.s.: rs1y, craftJrr 2. Taking u_ of OJ? 0J u.kas. i uka,aL a6 a prothetic vor^,e1 --- initj.al J, C1J, O,f t_1s .T*,*\{Psaro *t<et' e Ft svt';o'irflirtjrtir* :;"ff;r1"-Ha;ii-i'":'Irtt"ll.r,==
215, J koto Inatter. rfact, -an,affair;_ (sone)ttring, eventr, koto_ba rword(e),
{_}e-@ 'rEa-F),,0r^Edie 'woia(s); "p""6rr,' "piiri]"s?'eJiiip,'riFuffru,lt, "rru,i='thingi an unusual/d.ifferent thing'. ? J koto, 0J Bllst rJapaneee harp; koto,.Table 215J kot.o ?0s kijl I'UV 45 (ex.): Ti Sigat rtongu.e, speech, Ianguage ioJ ;gi . a ' ;- ;;; stringe chord '/Md kel!_ id.. / f? ch kgl , \!l; ch MalryXri kieli ?yr eie E*l-i!"i+qt_:!9la' (ru uaxtword.?,\f/z-r,-v!y EL -Md kel ?rr .o";." -llif'}i: *gsYq:',11"?"h' vord'' /f? vq Et4 Tworii, re-? C.1 kg1 ?yn gob. o 99"t'{,J: $!' ket
_ 'word ' sp,eeghi newat /./'tr .g!9 rt_ongue'
" k61 ,r sitr o !rY. stg'la 4 rn.S]€4.', gig./ sk E4' -eA /K[.&Es /l{otor
" kll ?sk "e '- kalte (derivatiG-)/raiei !gdte-, Ei;Etie ($!q.y.
-- U xkele.,Jt, v\y 4Jrri vs 'k;.a u *ke''e
," ":lfl;il;"'i;I;i'l;l;'r"Xli3i il:":il"[:"1;;;:."v *E-/ i?\ syr'. J e, oJ c"3"ioiu'i iiirli"Sl"J;3'"""T"t1 illl'?irj: 3i.E;";:"@!g 'half ; single ' )' /tlna! J -g.,oJ -g vs U *-9.
216. J @, 0J EgE (y. )-'ask, begr pray (for), want, desire, denand (e.g.,fron the goals)',.J koe,.0J kfrg rvoice, rtonel a, cryt., J,Eo"l .O.l ES+ (k.n.)-if?C,,yearn (for), be in lo_ve', J E9jL, 0J Edpi tlove, desire (fox)', .f to:.-ifri. ut, r!opJ.-g!, (Azuna fia_r.:) t<dpg-sr, E6ri- si,-rup"-sj. 'beloved.'.
j-Oo6r'O.r E?!i-.-a 4ft"f""coneiale?eil to be cogrrate word.s.Table 216JOJJOJn
ko .11 0sk&p . u f'IIko .e orkdw. e orkdp. u Euko .i Fi-kdp. f vtyko . i'" dri Ztkdp. f. si ? Lp
kii j*kyj. .Yd*kUj. .i3 (- )"5gi'e (- )
KCJ-lcfida- (Ukem. .4y-ka^ngim. 6,-
JOJJOJft
FUY 9q (ex.): Lp eikk6,--si$t- 'to mate,pair (of bj-rd.s, frogs, etc. ); irave a flir-tation witir, show und.ue affectj-on forsomeone; to pal-r/play/call (of bird"); cat l(.t mating: t{me of capercailzies); in tpKalso used. of the sound-s enitted. by theshaman during hi.s ecstatic sleep t /2" ko.i.-temj-t anorous calling sound.s (of nalebird.s )' /Ve ]igri- 'roar and cry ; scre4m r callout, shout to somebod"y; pray (of a sharnan)t,him tplay, call (at mating tine: of malecapercailzies and blackcocks), /O, !Q*i = Zrkoi-1 'speak incantations (of an ecstaticsha.an). Cf. Fi kiiua trut, heattl ttu kdj'd elight I . --tr\r *L4ry 9.
tp gi .ga-(?)Zr koj-Ye kaj-tt ki .m(?)
. I'IIV 105 (ex.): I'i kiima 'nating or heat (ofbirds); nating season'/vty l*ellr?y-. 'begtn to turi' (6er. )@'natiig, pairin!of birdsi pairing season/ground. | /? Ti>Lp Eibre--.era- rto mate (of fenale anl-nals)r Lpl glbne - &lE- rpalring, nating, hEEtr. (lfo ieconetructed. fom given. )
TEsz, MszSE (ex.): Eu k6.i 'car.nal pleasure. lust. enioinent. deliahtr. ,/offerinspractically tbe sane d.dTd as t'UV 96, these-scurc6s i6construct / -tr'u *k"ig!- )-(without the I,p data)' rU *Fjijfg(: ) (when Lp is included).
Cornn.: 1. P.b.n.f.b.s.: rcaII (to), request; emit voices pertaining.to netingibe in lover. 2, Phon, ! initlal ,f , C!.f i<- vs i'It *E /lst sy1l. J g, OJ d, & (aiar.also.u) vs t"U *g, *f /neilial J g, OJ pr ts vE trrU *i (note: ned.lal n Ln the !'i, Zr,Tty, and Lp forns has got there either through syncopationr i.e., the loss of *-.jg(or *-1*-; --whLch nould. be odd in tr'i and. lp--or it has been attached to a CV
84
shaped root ). t. The element rv x-XA-#_ is ,plainly additional to a disyllabicstern ("* TESZ and MSZFE reconstruct FII xkeie(-)).
21.7. J kowa-i' 91{ kowa-sitirriid./nervous; stand in awe; bestern, strict, rigorousr harsh,angr.y. grim, fierce; steeP I '
td-read.ful, terrible, grimt , J kowagaru tbe afraid"/intinid.ated.r, J kibishi-ia Ono: kibi-si rsevere,
stringettf, J kewashi-io Ono: kepa-si fsevere,
Table 217J kow.a. itt kow. a. garuClJ kow'a. siJ kj-b. i-.shi i0. kib.i. si
awe-inspiring | . 2.vs Hu i /nedial Jt
Szabd 1977, 119 (ltti. K. Mark 14.11)z OIIu
J kew. a.dti j- kib(ik) 'be terrified.; to f ear, d.read. r.
O" kep . a. si MT'S, TSz dkely d ial ' ) : fileEggcE) - *e8;Hu kib- kibekdd(ik) 'take fright, 8et scared-' (ry-g=n kib.e.k€d- is a verUaf prefix, i-nd-icating effectj-ve
action).Comn.: 1. P.b.m.f .b.s. : rfearr awe;
phon.: initial J, ClJ E- vs Hu E- / 1st syll. J' C1J !r !' e
CIJ [r L, Ono also g vs Hu b.
218. J EgXCgg, Ono-: $p (y-' ) renrich', {atten' fertillze' fructifyr' J koeInanure, fextj-rizer', roeE-, cIJ koveru, o'r 4 (;i';:) ib""ot" tat' birriy' EE6' ITable 218 Ero9, tesZ, I4szln (9x-' ) i {9 4ll.'fat' suet
J koy.a.su ch ka,i.a (or trre-rrunan or animal body)" !!i4 'fat;O, koy.a.su " ;;i:;' burlv, fleshvJ
- vtv-+ui' [!lj,' EEi ']acon'
J ko .e " *.j.; fat,-suet, tallow; fatt (adj'; 7 Cit t"'ia' -Eje'rr ko .e.ru l4alE kuj." rfine white !0eat on the head of -an aninal
CIJ koy.e'ru MdlI k"::; (,around . the--ears )
" rfg:a -'fat' (noun a'ncr adj' );- n6." t. r."i'.-" hal F.ig: lttl %ri];: 5Hff-'ffi""'islj!{il u6i 3i ku 'u buxlYr lli bI
,, haj.a,s r.u *kuj.e --rtl "i"'nuiTi 'a' ar'd' -2 (ch' Md'M) are forn-
Tty kitJ - - - -*:'-"- - ants'--Tlis woril-family1a" b"tn linked withl kiij Eu kdv.d.r ry Y+.T"!i 'thick. corpulent; dense!' osm',, reA " tiii.d." rat lgig-Thict (aiso oF liquids)" Mo EIiq
#;tl'"::';H:"'i::l':1,:lirliiqll: 2. Phon. :
initiar ,1, oJ !- vs ru -g-'lr"i iv1I' J 9, o{ d Iu FU *lL /nedial J t: '1' 0J f, vs
FU *j.. ,. Probably-as-a f.rrt"r vlwel orde"- d everopnentlarall eL to !lL'-rtAi""'we have Eu &g, or".,.. tfrffi*i1iri.r.l rrt, uurry (irr tbe-bodies of an-inalE-Gifi'
humans ), welr developeo,-"ieo=o";it '*"yi*
{oi irants $ith thick'.nu:l}hvleaves), rich, fat (ot the Eoil), "o"ii"r'ittg
(of iooo)r' According to TESZ' thisnord. is of unknown origi;' +'-ci' popp" 1960,'' !9:."To FF^1 *E@ < *ggE rpret-
iv,-t"""iit"r' = to ghie.@, 'tr'i"t'' 5' cf' Prtihle No' 26'
219..1, oi'g 'depression' holtow ",
{'. o{ kubo-ta rwet rice pa'ldy' (@, r i
"i il ),
- i @ *,#,ii:i, I *:{*f ,'?*I#ui.
o" "
o * " J
I :: *
Inookr recessr cotrrer \om'l.r^ t1a rw +i ("*')z' [l li @-rvaultr/' h]'nosEa
]ffi," os kon. .tah li" " riu"i'/rl'ing p6E-itiot' ' . upsid'e downr
;' ;" ffi:;.'" ' ;;;: :i;- (inessive), *i**. r;,11""?#ri,ffi'?3i:r r kuj[. a ? Eu bon.o.r6 stoop.down? Fi kun. o r ti ;;;'; - trib: ) 'tu;ed' with the rou:riled/convex side
. kun.a,r ta- ;;:;- upi turned uDside-downi which lies with the
kruo.a.r tu- rr ha$. a. d.a- botton upi viro lies on his stomach face
Lp goo.o ? Ev il:;:g" aownwara
"/t'Id aona- trea::'.bend *:Yt'/*
Mir kon.a_ ? tn ffi:;:a;- roroE, r."ior 6siae-ao n"-BIsqELr-- kundk-
ch k6n.6.k 't ka).a.?a- -@,- 'overtfr',*iiilit' iiat"rqF-i"--'r kun,6.k sk tL.-.o Tov, benil ovir' greet 'ltay- /\ty F44- - ^rf kdn.a.la- S - fqar"- - 'ups!t,- o.rertutr,'/zt !E' rupsetr (e'9.' a
: sr.?.}"- ;;;'"il:"- ::i; i"';il);"11fi,"""S5-v$iL_#H":*'W ffi:'''-. ""
- -*,t"- - il*:i":;:i:i*;*;F" ffiff"'",rs l#:"'" "- :: *l'i ;;;;il:d;;' "l:"t'"9:1f"4.#"*i?iT"*l'd^ caie, hollow, etc ' | , ho9+ok. rf orehe?o'J / / LTI{Op. e. C
._.i .r ^ nawa- , ka,mg,- 'fall over/aowfrr.r bry- ;:_:"*', hom.i i' s6b.6.c tr#.,'kffk "".iii*;';;;-; i"ffia (ry-
85
ing) tree'/Yn.P3!g:r S3@- |fet1, overturrlf/Sk oana 'face d ownward. | / /y,rksBoboi+uflile-. 'throw to the ground., lay down, (nugo- fT-al1,, hobo-tan 'thii lower(one)' (@ rthatr).-- u *@j_MUSz 110: tr'i kooo rconcavet, bg!:l rvault, arcchr.
CoErn.3 1. P.b.n.f.b.s.: rhol1ow, concavei upsid e-d.or,m r.(the latter concepr goesvith the fo::ner on the g?ou,nd that nost natural objects have no flat, but a aome_what convex upper surfaoe i conversely, the und.exsid,e is quite frequently concaveor flatt e.g.' of beetles, quad.ruplets, even of huaans when they are face-down).3...fr91: : initial J, 0J E- ": U *+ /1st sytl. J, OJ g vs U *g /ne<Iia1 J, 0J rn vsU..3 {Ii1"1,. of.the.prinary sten, J, -0J g, a vs ! x-a.-1. Cf. Eu dial. E!i$., siTU",@g. 'hole/hol]ow 1n the bed. of a river or creek ( serving as a bedl forTLsh in win-ter) t E!i!l2li' gdb6c' ailbec id. , I rnud.d.y poo1, pond r (-c is a tttn. formart). 4. Cf .Prohle I{o. 28..5. Ct. 3Uf 154: tr'i ku.rno 'upside-alovnr ... //te kiintd- ,knock down,fel-l r-, co.bg+!gl: id. 5., cf. Ra.nsm Dtz (r\), 1{1 : Koir't"gf, @ 'cave, hoie.,ISTT- k=u4t+ id., _cf . Tu kgtF. 7. Cf . nese"rlen 19692 Tu Uig k6n-. 'bu::J. un-derg3oundr,Itliddletru k6n- id.i bury' ...- Mo k6niirAe rstore-roomr (originalfy thole in theg?ountl I in which valuables were stored away). 8. Note the elenent -g1 in Tv !g-El rs, felleil (fying) treer and. cf. with entry ki rtreer.
Fi put.tp bos.
22O. J kud.awas fashionffofIahl.e 220J, 0J kud.. a -w66
-wu6Ipuc. a
paqpfrt .ypD.{,. aspotb. u
xpu6. . ka
chIt
YrSKft
It
I{nu
fl
Md.
chft
n
Dac.po6.pddpucpud.6
.ki
.ka
.kg
.ko
tpipe, tubet, 0J kud.a fhorn, used. in warst (itt a,ncient times itlfre the horn of Tffie animals, later of badUoo Ono).
FU]I 7Oz (ex. ): Fi putki ttube, caJre, reed-, hol-l-ow stem of a planTrftp bosk6 |the u-nbel sf theAngelica archa^ngelica pf a"nq tfre whoLe pJ,ant t /Md pobko f tube, hollotrr stem; the Angelica plantt/ cn@_ Feb , o*6d, I tube , h6ttow st6n; horir (rorf rorffi il'Jt" 6Gninat horn i muzzre (or a fire-arn) , -w6'6, -1414, -Bq{d in l!qa:,u. , etc. rAngel-rca praiT 16.Tsno6t-"tta ffiy7ir puuod'tube, pipei-(nad.e of iron)/sa lgge'cFJube,reed.t , puu{eg s6rg thigh grass r grass growj.ngon a ste-nlffim pottu tped-uncle, stalk of f lower t .
U xpudkd.Comm.3 1. P.b.m.f .b.s.: ttube; hollow stem;hornt" 2. Phon.: initial J, 0J k-
vs II *p- (proposed. two-way d.evelopment from */EyJ, s. Phonolog;y) /lst sy1l. J, 0Ju vs U tl /nedial J, 0J I vs U *9. 1. The element U *-kd is probably a formant-(d.in. ?).
221 . J !gg1g1,'und.er n d-uck d.own I
Table 221J kUg.ll. fll0J kuk.uHu gu.g: o. J-tt gttg. o. 1-rr grg.u(I)'lr kuk.u.l-It krrk. . sol-? Fi kykk y-? Est ktik. i. ta-
222. J kuj.' 0Jlabl.e 222-
ku .ikup. Ikab.ukab. ukyp. yk6phEp
OJ kuku (y. ) rdive, evad-e r p&ss. und-er t , 0J tati-kuku (y. ) rpass( t"t- .i:' Tr . L" emphas :.z:rng eiehent ) .TESZ (ex. ) : Hu zuggol-'.., 0Hu, dial. Sl8€- r Bl83!- ' kuggol: rg€{-; g9g9f-, mF tsquat' crouc6fr-we"@(vl)bend. d.own repeatedfyt.--This word. fa,nily.is probably of onomato-poeic origin.TESZ (ex.): Hu lcuksol- rsquatr cower, crouch, 1ie 1ow, hid.e one-self ,
'duck flevrnr.--11yig word. j-s cognate with guggof- (-sol con-
sists of frequ. formaJrt").MUSz 612 IIu glgg4-, etc. -, Fi kykky rsquatting position! , EXE$rI to crouch, squat, cower | , Est kiikita- | crouch down I .
Comm.: 1. P.b.m.f.b.s.: fto d.uck d.ownl croucht. 2. Phon.:initial J, OJ k- vs Hu g-, !-, ? Fi, Est \-/ 1st sy11..J, 0J uvs Hu p, 9, t Fi, Est x,; g /med.jal J g, oi k vs tio g(e) , E, ? FiEb.' Est E.
Esprt t stake, post, pole t , 0J wi-zupf I logs fonoing a weir or
JOJ??
f isacred. stakerprotecting-wa1l ,in some watert, O.t i-lcgpt rsacred. sthop Uno: a,na-nd-kupf-d.a I thie heavenly field abound.ing in0s
FU xk6p.g tree-ffit, ? J kabu tstr:-mp, stub, rootr, 0Jkabu id. ; rh-t-tl
. i 'head- ' ( Onocl akaz kabu and kupf are probablyJOJvtv
eosnate ) .FUi logi fz vty byBL tog'J / vs g[g., haap tboat'tthreshold.' (gpg 'aoo",)/ Os hop 'Ostyak boatf .
?IIgft
, 6'6w:k.Cf. Hu
hai6 'boatt . -- FII *E9.p.3-.
Comn.: 1. P.b.m.f .b.g. a ta, 1og, a po1et, hence ta stumpt
B5
a heed (e.g', of a nace or of a god-stake); boat' i'e" a 1og-ca'noe t ma'le from a
Ir""i" i""!_irunk,. 2. phon.: inltial J, dJ !- vs tr\.r xk- /16t sy1l. J1 0J gvs w|g/-nealaL J L, b, OJ P' !. vq F! *B'
225. J ktlirru 'Eg.Lgg r8ouge out' wrench' pry" o'f .@I]El (y.') 'aie up' pull
rabr;-'.2?-"*..mh|ioSsrro,Tffi .f 'f; ";l:,ff ';i:"ii:l,il'*J kuj.i.ru \nagu€rr koj.i.ru ".o nu.ou-ia"niicai neaniilf 4iffir--@ is-flETea 6' snE:-OJ kuz.i.ru ,.r"",
-f,oi earlier forns of thG-;ror-ord ;;;-ttot found in Onoclaka
? J hoi . i. ru or urro ; in bgi!@ one ca'rr :T-"p?"t a c.ompositun: ll--9*r .....,.. ,dig outt r vhere e- ia,nost-rrtlfy protfreiic, s'-entry@)'J kuj.i.ku .l tuii.,'d""1-@. (v') 'crush' sprain' wretroh' wrick' dis-,, kuj,i.keru tocarer; J Eij.k"or,.'"_: :"::$; ip"Li""a,. etc."' oJ,Bb' ono:
O. kuz.i.ku i'kozu (no 6ii- category given) 'pu1l up by the roots' dig up
o i.kdz.u "oot" t")i-"ii{?
'l -rt"ait.}
' gt *u'x" (v' ) 'ureak' a!.asb' crushr'
or -'ii?:; . cna.n2"ri"i",. o.r, t"aFili::)r"F***;!v;J"lt*:i'r $$941-kuzu-? J kuil.a.ku nr (sh'n' ) rbe/becone crusneo? oJ kud'a'ku mnd' MszrE (ex.): Eu 4!e: '+ran',Pu11, clra8, -{T"19}i
puIl fronrr kuil'u' ru it3"it;;;; -";r"v6; strEfch, arJw'(in t6rturins); nake. taut (ar kuz.u.ru ;;;";-;";i";ti',-iruu-ugnu' rprotriction'
. (g- 'nott' I ,'-ve
T," X*Z-_ #_;; Ee!j:t;::i:F, -jerk, wrench''-- us:eic *@-
v6 tat- '*;:ri:;"; ."ili.r,r.r.u.: ,pull out, renove.rron its plaoe',ilE"ic *t"t.r- n.""!"iT""",
-rn""r.tr', hence 'cnrsh'.. e. .l ito: +"." appears to be
" o"o"riiiiit"iv'"prit -i="'
q": iI", ( "''S--Ff.*ation in the
section plxonorogf,r. --Phon. : initiar'J, oJ E-- t uaeffi-7.'i ""t:wir ' 'r. g' g' oJ q' 0fi";;;.'{-i;"Ei"r } ,i, 2., 4,, o'r 3' 4 vs osric -
a24. J $ s, oJ g! rcloud'r, J b+ggEl' oJ @' (y') 'becone clo.u'dy f ovetcasl/
{t ln/fogged .up/ob scureoT olurreil'/glooqy r' Lr. @t&iz-'izz+'' ",^r
-_.".1.r- Tgi#:ll'.!tr;J;,\"ffiuni:"h"+i'darr
i, ffi:i ffii to.r.a.r rain-clouil', ai"i.'i'qe4r, b:lE4!r' etc' rcloud'
J. oJ kun.o.ru ? r'j. kun'u'ri darkness; Etar on tE-cye' -'Vs
8!ELa't- rbe-
il rron.A.1v r"- - d,E t-'l ii*i";i:*3ii7i;$r"i$",:fll.ryffiHfi'/ii.hon'a'r kon.o.1y i#f;+ toi;; 'irTlffr""a;.-- i'u *@.;- ryvs qt' 'rpt- ' ;- kon.o.r diri'"ffiu*e ir -*hi"h-
E" l@x, 'Bexi-6ts' andzt kin' g' r
komor r groonsrl uort=" , - mo'.,.i-l, grave , norose l
are cognate with @[g (separate afruroptE tt ri6n r'u *k-) is very uacertain'
conm.: 1. p.l.n'r'o')];';;;;;d;-;;;'ie cloudv'' hen6e' 'dark' srooqvr'--rn mv
view, Eu Egsglg anq E+i'a"" t't=ia^nts in "i'"p"'i*itrt-uot" ""*,rrtl" snifting) of
homtlv. 2. Phon., rotntfr J, oJ E- t:-Fu *E-/ r"i""vir' J' oJ gvs FU *g /ned'ia'L
iffig vs Fu *9. ,' cf' Priihle No' 29'
..,,":n*, +iuot, [f5ry. ".
1"6] *iii:'di? lii?ti3'i :"Hll ", (5'ltk, 063'W""
;Hi:u'. l;;"''*h#tlXl)'l!l f,". lil4*:"1;'ffi::"!ffi;1"il i:l":*;?i::l "F--Au.n. rr onu !!ry g$.9 place-name 14'oJ (t)ffi:E ffi::lii#:T5e rr. so"" into detail concexarine E!ry.udvor' se
? J hin.o etateg'thai irte t""t occurs-in "-ao"ut""t dated: about
- 1200 ' and
? oJ pft.o it t""ou"Tio"{iri"a pr"""' i" ui """" *rtere ' stone belng unavail-
Eu hiro able, i-protective fence 'o"u
cJ""i"u"ted; as usual rurder such
n h{n.es "'""t-lt"til"Il -ii-t*"- p"""rr"r-""iii" fences with ear-th
"anmed
ogubim.usn",,""i"li!';,tr'"*"tti"eences..thensetvestlerenad.e}ydriving"toot'ioi"l-ioto-tft"
g"o*ta and $eaving tree bra,t:ches between
tr."'. il! "'Lv i'oras tiat . tr:.,!:' -F"*""i""3"I"tiI"I"Xit "3ll!l:
trooclflti'.1i"i:"t:"i:tH:fr1"*:nl:l'"ll3loP." ,rliiriel-rrl"iiioe' (.r.-6.r-Es1-
rca^tl).-- p'o.t.r.o."li";ii--rialt' urata; weav-e; ' z' oi gjlg appeaxs'to be a
;;-riant deveropment pararlel to bgr (split fron-*/ggl, reflard.ing the initials;
B7
ablautr regaxd.ing the lst. syll. vowels; -g i6 probably a deverbal noun for:naat vethe echo vouel -u in kuug). j. ph,on.: initiat I Ei: t ? g-, 0J E-, ? p_ vs Eu !_/1Et sylt, J, OJ_;, ? G'Z b.r f "" Eu ! (assuneE' fomEr i) f^.ii^t-t, o,r n vs Eun /flnal 0J -f (in a deverbal noun), ? -g vs sten-final u-in OEu binu_s (.dj.).. 229..,J @r dno: kuneru (y, ; onon. word) 'be bent/crookeci/twi sted | . kune-Kune-sl nbent. tr,risted'. J na-Aaneru rbenil rould into a hoopr (wa 'cirCle, Fo-p't ),b@ iu"tt-*itt"ai ]-t"le 'hdr, ;iGiJ).Table, 226 - .y FIry 110, TEsz,- MszI'! (ex.): !'1 brynere 'ett',J kun.e.ru, 0s {9"....lii Evg_nal:n?a -
,eibow' - (pd4
,_' 6ncr, hEff-l/Ep siig r"=,_r -gan.e.ru Eu litr\y,6.k Lpskolt *Efoigg 'elbow'/Mat kenef ,f orea:m@0J -kun. a t'U *kii.6 Ch kef er 'ell7vg"krrE - : kffii el (E. seens tou. kun.e or xkii6.ei be;;ilffix)/oi.gEE(-dffiuiTi")zs"- -
Fi h/yn. e. re or *kin.e !Q3g!i! telbow' (-k is a din. fo:mant).-- fUtrp gfis4e.r. _oI _*Erig. 31 @(*E!dte) o= F@, (*kiine) rerbow,.I4d ken.e.f * ,anv.a.r(_) TISZ (ex.)1 frL kanlarit- -'bend around/in a bow;Tty sy . .r- |. fr;::--. / throw/cut in thffiifr-of a bow,, r.nlrii"lfii)izT gy . .ta ;; ;;Y:' kanvarul-, kanyaron- '(road, river)EffiVg h{€in
" ;;1.. " The. base of
. these word.s iE very tikely iitentical
with that of koayul-,-ko4yad.- ^ korrnyacl- rdrooo.
hansins (ilown; e.s., ear, horar ", li"hrlffii,luffi toir-'wtricrrFs droopi',s/
TESZ: OEu and. dla1. EplE I crook-backed., hunpy f criplled.' . --Origin uncertain.. Con4.: 1. P.b.n,f.b.s.: rbendi be bent,/crookedr. 2. On the U siile, there areobvioue variants of palatal vs vela? vowel order.--Phon.: initial J, 0J E- vs tr"U*E-, Eu E- ; E; (where k- before a veIa" vowel is fx.regalat) / 1 st syll. ft, g, 0Ju1s rU *I (*D' u_u g, !, 's /ned,iaL J, OJ q vs FU *4 (l(d, ft 3g. 5. cr. tfe -for-natLons 0J -kuna (: kata-kuna) and Eu, OE-u &nva. {. An exteneion of t}re J prinarJrsten *@411 into E]Ine4r is paralleled on the U side, cf. fi E@44, Hu Eg4{gg-. 5.c-f .
__Ran--stedt. 195].'(tl;120; t'u SIEII 'bei1t, slantinsr, c4"e@ ra" ffi io.,-t[o -Kharll.r]a gt snAar rknife with a"n anched. blade |.
?27 . I , OJ lcura I store-house r depository, graJraly i warehouse, oellar, treasuryreJ' 0J va-gura rturreti obseryation anil defence structure built on four or morewooden poles (or on stoae support) next to the gate of a castlet (gg tarrowr).Ta,b].e 227 TE$z (ex. ): su ESt]fSl, oEu eord, qbL.144, edrd, 4!gg-r" "r"1t,Js 0J kur.a raisetl- building for observation or d.efence; watch-tower, look-outr;Eu g6r.q (fater) I fieid.-gua,rd ' s shelter, garden-hut, raised bar? for d r.trringtr gor.d. and storj.ng naizer,--Origin ur}nown.r k6r.d Corun.: 1. P.b.n.f.b.s.: tsna1l raised. structure for observationI gdr.d a,nd/or d.efence'. 2. Phon. B initial J, OJ E- vs Eu g-, k-/ 1st sy1t,L ,e{..i J, oJ g vs Eu gr gl ned-j.aL J, oJ 3 vg Eu i. --Initi-al Er tefore iir- - -u.,-,., -" velar volrel has regularly turrretl into h- in Eu. Since thls is not;: ili'' the case here, the thougirt arises that-Eu gd$ tu not a genuine
;; Ugric, FU, or U word. J. Cf, Benzing 1956, f1 : Tg gt! 'hutr .>suld-s5s rvillage; settlenentr. 4. Ct, fI'V 109: tr'l hTle rwillage'/Vg kiil, krrel rhouse , dwelling ' , FIIV 1 57 : Tt g!!!, etc. / /\ol.ga $a
kiil r kil rcountry house (surrounded with a courtyaril)', trEof, Gasthofrt, Osm &Llrhoroer; Tak EqlA I entrance hal1, vestibule, place in front of the house' /tg Eiilg.rhut'. 5. Cf. Gardiner (na.nuscript, p. !): ttEven todayr-the barbarlans cal1 EEI;fort ght_egE:+lrro t Turban Castlef . Kulg is tlte Koguryd word- for I castl-et . tl
228. J kttztt- : kuru-wa tenclosure, entrenchnent, fortification, fort' (Uno;wa rring, cFclet )rTF-d: ry! , surround.ings | , 6no: rcenetery',Ttble 228 TESZ (ex, ) : fu ffiis(, dia1. *Trfui rring (worn on the fingers ) ,J, CIJ kur.u- ring-ehaped. jeweli circle, hoop'.--This I,s a loanwoxd fron thetr rr gur.u.ri tu languages; cf . osn f!iz!iE, Nogai ji!4, crruv 6ara 'r'ing',4u ffi=,d conn. i t .wrrire it Fii-s sibre tEET-nu hag tEdTord ii questimIt Sffr from a lPu -language, the question rnuet be taised. rrhether the na.nes
of fa^Bous-Avax fortifioations-- in gu tgrrlir{/gr6rr, as varj-ousplace-nanes of Avar ori.gin attest--can be explained in ttre satne way? I have doubtsin this respect. 2. P.b.D.f.b.s.: '(circutar) enclosurer. ,. Phon,: initial J, ClJE-r E- vs ut 4- (ror a parallel opposition, s. entry !!g) /1st syll. J, CIJ gvs Eu {, !/ roeclial J, ClJ I vs Eu r. 4. Cf. the elenent -?i in sururi to -IL in
hid.ari (s. that entry).229. J @, 0J ku (ka-line
reach (aestffi-tion), arrive t '
BB
conj. ) I come r come up/d-ovrn f overf along; approach;
Eu , , @ rcone a',d go' wander about' (,il!!- 'go about I walk')'
ffi- ;"i;I /e'i"5P, ,""u,';J#{{H"€:+F7;"fi#-""'1.i=#i {it-P-. "*{ Xi"fftt i"iatt"t".)'7-0"'ti -, !![- 'ctinb up'.go oit6-ra"ia'/s" 4- rstart travel-''i;;,;;; '-- - 'r'
""ndfterF( suustantiire;- ' ti"" ' east; ford (in a strean' eto)
///Yuks kel-' YukN 4-"offi1'Jgt:' sR:; Y*s p!gg-- 'so avav ' start around ' flv!i'r.i ("r u-:.iou)', @. rcrossins(place)"-- 0 *5@'
:yri5?;rg;,?-#-,5fifrn"l;'r:)r"/&S"*lU';n$il"Ttil'Xi1"l'3t: ?i3*'"*3l"tn"lanf.s (of a rffiJi enig?ate (of people)':iJi" '-zz" i,rszrn 1.". ) i ,u". gi-,'!"t, up, \lise; aprout ' g?owi originate; go'
J ku.r.u cone' i .. . . ' irx-k;F (ai above)' etc' (as *d?l ry 40' excepting
6'.fi.-.-ir'".r..1t.*"'ffiugli"(?i'n)*kale-.--IftbeFinnicandPer-rt ku.r.u rnian aata-ter6ng ueit, thd originfroeaning nay -have been I ffade
Eu ke.I- ti" w"t"i)il-rt"i"" ;ei o"to. r"ttil-"iu" r ' hEnce-'get up;. orisinater'
Fi kaa-L. aa, .-evortl- (uirr'11 ,- rc'D equated st qcl- rwalk' go on footr 't'tithLp ga.I.e- tr'" t'""[s '1"' q"Jitioti ' Eis equatioiTs not alloveb1e teoause of
l.lta ie. I. e- d.iff erent vowel orders 'ch ke.I.ii- oott' tti'-i a'n not eurt that the senantic derivation offered
vty ko . I- uy f'fszlG' i s ' ooi"io"i"s' l'that ' if the Finnic and Pea"Inlan uo?ds do
Zr ke.l- not Derong thexe? Bwo senantic fields seen to be involved' a'rrd IU *ka.l.a prefer to adhere to the one constituted by roooet go'- wa'niler;
Yulc ke.l- *"4"'. iJ"-Itt"-t""ttittgu rrisel orig5-naterr s' entry gkirtu' --i^ ;:i."_ il[.r..t.ll".i-,"or", !o, wander'. 2. phoo.: initial J' 0J E- vs
,, ko.l.u- II *ts-l i"i-"vrr. .r,'oi s- ys u. fli /nediar,J' 9{-s :: u if'''n ....... ,1, Cf.l Sugf-tot"" i"ot -O'f fu wfri-ctr'had j-ts attr' forn in the
- : - - "tto" tffi i"ii" riig'-irinotes in connection with 59 a.rtd' othersk q.a' 1- G;i- ";ff"; ""tt" :.i-t- ii" catesorv that the separatJ'on between
u""' "viiliru'-*i ii""i- "vuaire-
is I'n::"ill:;., lerhaps, the in-
fo::oa,tion offered o"""-- liJi.nv-as it is--!rj-rl l"tn' 4' cf' rr6hte No' 24' 5'
Milrer 19?1, 7, equates il-E=u"'cone' with "o
-$i;3,*i":#.#3f;-:"ffit-;;:-;"'ilii""'tpl 7+l' .'7bFbt has a varietv o
liiE-'d,";;";i".'):"r'iilL fr"ittri"iiv-"r-i-"n".('o"t of r,rhich are no doubt to be
explained as sporacl-c "";ftii"ii""" -of an original soot to affixed endings) ' the
o."b is a atifficurt """';;-;;;;;;; tor, parti-utarlv -at our preeent ,€tate of con-
tror" of the conparativ" tiltl"i"ii'"-e '-'cil-n'"e""-ii ei ' tl" 'r't.. */xg-/@--reff:b 'cone, go r.- tr'i 4!3 (a" und.er ! uv 4v,, .
25o. J, oJ @, 'grags; weed(s); herb; plamt" I Eg4i.' 0J 441 'treesand Ptants; vegetation' (ka '!?ee ''rabre 210 rusz iex. ) )-nu
-fi-'irl_7y- t_::1"{:,i"" thinss; sedtu'ent "
qEu 'vouns
J. oJ kus.a ro?e6! , Eu gblw' gW 'weedl weetls of all kind; traah"--
T," frz- o"tu;l#liTi.b'n.r..b.s':*ler,as1, weed' pra'r:ts (generalrv)" 2"
,, gez.e Ptron.: :.nitiar J' oJ k-.vs Eu g-, (i'"""gui"; if coroing fron E-) /1stt, gvz.a 6y11. J' 6i-il""'u"-c; i, 9, g-/ndaial J $r oJ 6 (= !9.) vs Bu z'
+^ar2"i1. ,{,Etil,ot"Pj* l["]r*'ja#ii:fii li3?::i4i.!:it:?T'i* 'iconb'i . --rhis-'--- - i'
ffi;;'g;1"*'iil,tr*#,itH,F'i*f"'*lqi:ry:rl:i?-""fU6.ii as the nany-toithed utensil of Ia" riB.u siven bv "dfr;;";#;;":-iil-cr'"r""i"in-:-or @i l: "I::":i: hence 'an fis.i conb I . -- Cha'nbetlain I s explo'ation inl)lies TEit tfre olil-tine J hairdo'
tied up in a chignon' was held t"eiih"" by e sketrer thn':6t through
it' cf' Kluge 19751 Gernan EggE- iofnu' is oog:rate ulth Greek
g<jnphos rstalce, pin' pi"rEi "'--i't 't' r 't 'El' 'spii' skener" 2' luon' ! lnitial
J, 0JsyIl.Hu -9,
AO
k- vs Hu f-{ p-, (propoE"d - 1"9-I"y_ d evelopment from : /Ey/,, s. phonolo gil / 1 st7,.0J g vE uu-{,'ti, ! /*"ai"i j-lrn;-aj*I'(I"ij-ir Hu v final J, 0J -i vs-i.
. 222. J @,, 0J kusd I excrement, f aeces, dro$. 'e],e-warr, {.ry??-r, or_k-us?:si qo,,o, "og",Jl3i*fi;'i"A+q+#H3,jiii;It'i 3e
$, Ono: -EuEe
rhablt, peculiarity, vice, fault, tint<, iffi6rian (disagreeable,because different fron ours)' .nay be co€nate with @- 'stintqr, iti-sneittng'.Table . 2r2 EVT 49, ISSZ, $SZIS (ex.): Fi kuse--'nake water, urinater, kusiJ kus.o :yil: l/i,i eu{{,ill,pK eonty- .'o"itt"i"i, gtqrF-'""i"dOJ kus,d Os kds- /Ch k61a-, kuza- ,urinate', k6L-rrbt. k6z-wiit ,urlnelJ kus.a i tr hbs- (g.
-'water,I-vty Wi ,luri1rs,Ffi\i tffi_ ;;;_0J kus.asi E-u yfisv nEte', k"6-"q! iu-inel/os od;-, 4-,;i"ff"t"' 7s"J kus.e tt hugr b!g., Wg.-7sk kii!a,-; rtiza- iiffi dater', ruut,-I'i kus.e- sk kiiL.a- @-rolf;;'/Kn ffi; ,uiin6-, /Motor kun{i_, krurc_'r kus.i 'i kfrz 'uiinate'.-- u @et ."-*r.i.au ("or=ff""irffifi
le #e- :: 592 Conn.: 1. p.r.ilTf,-.s.: 'Frenent; bodrly dis-l(l[ .kulz e- charge,. The fact that Ch kdz_wiit and vg kud_wiitCh kdz.a- Motor kur!, i- contiin the elenent gg 'wffil-ind icaiei- that inIt kuz. a- rr lnnc the renote past the ETords in questJ-on probablyU *krdC. e neant rexcrenent' generally. 2. -phon.: tiritiat i, O,lvty ky4 or *kuC,e k-- vs,u *E; /tst elrr. ,r, bJ o *,u u *g f."ai"r .i ",zr uv4. b',r " (= ti') vs u *i'C or *g ftinat J -_s, oJ-fl (r=i_v.e g+ ?, E,'.t 6T'a) vs uT-e.tt kT(-
Gree, (an evergreen ta1l tred).\aoLe 211 FW 49 (ex,): tr'i kuusi I Norr.ray aDruce. plceaJ, 0J kue,u yn
Jrad. j. a"biee, /Lp
",1" " "6-- g1g5g- 1va n ri 1cn to2 lvtyri ln's.i ' kax.i kyz /zr' ysfr-s @EB k".l?@'//y_-= h."eq;q gucs6- 9k F?*." @ilw ffi.'/,tn raai, aarilsk-kaacie, @7mMd kuz " ktrt @.-- u *te6-(s-or" pi"c"F:E-niu ftd ;!syCh ko? I0o kdd Flso d.enote tfii-line, Scotch fir, pinus sLlves-vtY kYz n o *. r-1,.t^ - tris. )zT koz u t rEqrlso- lW 95-, r,p edsk4s. 'iunj-pex, JunLperus conmunis',i: ?T ll- fnr :*u"'.is"*?-*effiJg,,ffi;ffiF*"""1r*" *"",;n hut i,'^ i:;-^ -- FU xke6?.
Yr hEd.y Y5 conn.Fl rroDose that the aecond word
* I3'.. 1r; "o xke6' 'qe f3:i5;:"1""":"liil";"ifl:'?*:r":X:i ;'ffi""slight senantic clifference. Th.e elenent *-[g of
sequonce which carl be restored "" iElit#.1"::il":#it?":"r:": ;ffi:i;""[1"Tlli-ic_sten, gayr *&9$1. As regards It.*S.o,, I suggest that its *w is epenihetiL,and that the a,uend ed. form could be *E-9_9.9. cf. ruv 118: t'i onsi_; onte_ ,hoLlour.. /rg luow*9 rcavity ln the body ofE-aninal' ... FU *5-nB.--ffit re: rpl
l9 rcavit;r: Ln a treer.,. /0s oret id.. ... FU *g19. wow, it is plain thatthe two lp wo?ds are irlentical, yet the reconst?ucti6i;-involving then are notablyd.ifferent. Eow ooEe? It looks that in the first $ord fa,nily, w preoed.ing d. hasbeen d.isregaratett as an epenthetic sound; in the second, wherelnty 0s 9gg! :.slinked with g1!Q,r q hae pravailed, a,rrd one is expected to regard i,p g-as the re-flex of FU *4. I think that w is epenthetic here, too, and. that the secontt wordfa.uily is sha,kJr, --The sound. w is found. again in Vg ka,nowt- t ovexturarr (s. entry$@) where the U forcn i" *@. and. Vg iis eviaeit-y a trans. verb f o:inant; tlercole of g before it-seens to be that of a glid.e. Or take Md Eavto. ,twot v6 OEuke'!g id.-(s. entry futatsu). Eere again, a'v-type sou-nd appears as a glide. There-f ore chancee are that ln Vg @L abov-e w is ginilarly epenttretic, a^rld the sa.Eepattern Beens to appfy to U *&Ei (the double vowels j-n Ti !,ugE!., etc. are noguaxartee for the positing of a lost.intervocalic consonant).
If the abclve is allowed, the p. b. m. f . b. s. is : I an evergreenvs II *o, FU *sFir *-[ (t). 7.
tree r. 2. Phon. :
/nedial J g, 0Jcf. FIII 1542 Fi
initial J, 0J k- vs U, -Fg *L- / 1 st syl1. Jr 0J u
s (= ts) vs U *", IU xE /tiiat J, OJ -u vs u x-6,Er.i,gi-"pruce' :: . / / Md hu$i 'siberj.an-ced.ar' .
9o
214. J kusubum, dqo: kusubom (f ' ) '!or.o"oi6lr.,
- ("h.;T-TIE) 'ruriigate, smoke, smold-er; become sootY I , Jsmoke | .
Table 214J kus.u.buru
109 : Fi kyte- 'to smolderrial. -- l'U xiciide-.
/vs kii[-/os kil-,
onof
kus. u. berukus. u. borukus . u. bu.kyt. e-kiig-k6d-ku$-
xkiid. e-
FiFi KarEstll
kat. . kuka6. . kukat. . kkats . kkad . a. mokob.y. skad. . kokac. . ko
FIry4s-
lf
o.ll
tr'iVg0sft
FI]
TW 41 ( "*. ) : " -Fi katku 'heavy smoke , od our offirer , Kar ka6ku, Veps kadk 'Smoke' , Eet E3i5.tkatsk 'pestG-qe , p1uffi Md kaca,no 'sm6Ee'
e-tv.)/ Zr ko4ys-duk 'penetrart.ing od-our,smell of r:.reT@ smel-l-')//su kacko, kadko
MdZrSKft
u
tsmoker.-- U *@.Comm. 3 1. The two adduced word- fanilies
xkaU, .ku the U sid.e aTe plainly vowel- ord.er vari-ants
additionaf to a formerlYto b"). 2. P.b.m. f.b. s. 3
sy1l. J, 0J u vs FII *g' U
eacLt other (in U "t"di.o.z !h" element x-ku isd.isyllabic stem, as the pa,ttern (c)vcvcv ... requires it,smlket. 1. Phon.: ir:.itial J'.0J E- vs FUl. U *k- /lstxg fmedial J g, ClJ s (t =t") vs FU, U *g'
Zr5. J W. reat, bite, C"?y I li":l"lcxoach ont'- 0J + (v') 'to bite, gnaw '
s"izZli o,r x-auuru (v.) '.ati biie', oJ ka'nu (y') 'chew' bite' gnawr' ono: ij€ggl(y.) 'nafce readY to biter'n'l.la )1. FIIV ,4: Lp EokEe--aovse-I Lp Inari ggpg-i=fr" ? Ma kap. o . dens 'do someone j-rljustice by taking- the lion I s
o.r ;;p:; " t.i'".d"ts strare,."3! o" d'rink soneoners share (un-f' kab,u.ru va'Trentaanry) ' / / e. Yr hado?,.-- 'to be left with-n kaJ0.u out onets sharer'-- U *Eg!-gj!:.'
U' i'ga'n'u Ra,YILa1t9592 Mds kapod'ans rsnap, snatch'lJp gop. . se- aeize' .rr gov. . se- Nytud6?t. 99 3 90: MdM b&g@. IswalLow,rt gok. .se- ,^. gulp d.ownr.? Yr ha . doa (?) Cornm.: 1. P,b.n.f.b.s.: rbite, eat'.I - - lkgp: :s3-- - 2. Phon.: initiar J' oJ E- vs u *E-
' ? Md
i- /- l"t sy]1. J s, o.l s,-e vs u {, t wa 911
nedial J !, oJ y, !., E vs u *g' ?..Mi S (i"l: the alternation -!- - -g- n'-g- in Lp'
",na ". trrE' t="u,-tt"ii df propoEed x/$y' in the section ?honologxr) '
216. J Et.,.t/a, OJ -kue? ra hoet' ".g', 9J t<+\upa rwood'en^hoer (4!.'tree' wood')'
TaALZ'' Zi'ailSz (;;), Eu kara 'a-rroe'.-IEis. word is of Slav origin. cf.J kuw'a Burgaraan t"l4iil'* dig; (of an.aninal) scratch' T9o-1' grout
"o.r a,rp. " ai"i, 'to f,i?,Tserbotcroatian kdpati rio ill6' hoe'/slovenian !99!!!Eu t<ai.a rto d.i6, sc"attn, hoe, etc.' '--EfA-ala has cone about through back
for:nation ;;;;-;;";i-' 'io rtoe ' ; tfEg94 ra.haxrow'> boxon6l- 'totr&xrow r, oto1.vl-'tazor ' ) b.orotv6'1- I to Bhave r '
cono.:1.on.shou1a-;;1E-ettratwnire@borotvacanbeshowntoha'vebeenborrowed f
"on slav (where nouns of sirdtar-r pnonetliE6e exist ) into- Eu whe?e
they have been conplene"t"a tiirt the Eu veri f o:mant !-, @' . o1 1nqthing like lt
in the senge rhoetr has not been sholrn to exist o" to have existe'l in aIIy Slav
i.aniiiL".'i"t E !;!fu; tao.ii, etc' could' not d'ireotlv chansg 1lto.Eu-@-' be-
cause the pattern ""qo:.ffi' for- f it" *&!g to _have existed f irst, In other words,
Er @ allegedly "ot"" -i"ot
S* .k?"9- [email protected]:l to cone fron !g4g' Ttri s is wrong'
--Eu culturar hj.s-lorr-ans provtd F-ong ago that hund'xed s of years before tbe Con-
qr""t-(eie-1.1. ) the Hu;e;iarra uere tlqoiitttta with agriculture ' horticulture 'and viticulture. Now' ;;;;i irtese is iroaginable without the hoe' It is quite
straJlge to suggest tfr*t -
tf," Hungaxians bstl-no ^such
tool before the Conquest' or
l-f tbey had, there """ "o'-i*t--For it'trntir after they had settleil a'nong slav
neighbours in the carpatiittt g""itt' 2' ?hon': rnitiai'.'r' 0J !-- vs !u E- (i?regu-
lar before a velax "o'"ii/ i"t-uvrr' 'r'-o'r * ": ii irlfftlit.i i :i *"":J" "(acco"A:.ng to rir1e, Eu -g- cones fron Pl\t *-!g-
2r7. J W tadd tot incaeasei gaint' E@' rbe/becorae inoreased' r ' iq-
gaatZ'' zz7- ^- kuqeglqr rto store' savet keept ' acc'mulate
J kuw'a' eru u'r ta'kup'a'pu G:lB- an- enpbasizing elenent)' 0J @-rr kn$. a. waru Eu kup.o.rit- tiro-oaeu (v. ) tto store, accumulater,' ta_-
rr ta'kuw.a. eru " ko-p.o.ret- @ (su1n') id'i trear aninats/chirdren "
91
TESZ (ex.): Eu kuporit--OEu kopoTe!- 'acquire, get_in a greed5r way; scrape/raketogether (pe"ny-EiTEity) ', FuJiTI-'std#;-;i;d"dry, e?eedyr . __oxisin uncertai.n.Coru'.: 1. p.b.n.f,b.s.: ' save,. accunulate ' (notei rJarti *rdG;";q;;;:"'lent to saving; rearing chirdren used tb be a kind ot :.nsusa;ce li-Jti-age1. z.?hon. ! initia.l J:.0{ E_- vs It !- (irregular befo?e a vetar vowel) /r"i-uyr:.. .r, O.i
+ vs El Br,g /nedial J, g, 0J 4 vs Er1 p. l. 0n the Eu side, r is'a'f="q"l v""tfo:mant, :& ig a fused caue. fornant.l. 0J g in trre corunn=oi-nu fiJlrouatrya fxequ. formant.
"r--zjl;^{*s:i' 0J kupa-si tprecise, ninute, accurate, d.etailedi conplete,
Table 2<BJ kuw. a.skri-i0J kup. a. siHu kev.d.s tl
EW 44, TESZ, MSZFE (ex.): Hu kevds,d.ial- . keves , kdvcisz , keviss tnffidch,not enough; littler_ hunble, insignifi_cant | ? r.-- Vty .4apdi r light,
""uy, mild. t
lrt .k=evea r , kevi#pea., "lcepia ;iieht!1tot neavy/, easy|, kev:ft^,kevye_ r1ight'/Lp eaeppdd.t att,1. geppis 'light, easyf,SggBpes '1ung, ,/ / F yr gribi, siibit' light , easy , /Yn Ee!i^[- s€pD&, sepka.Siipeka/ r<n sti*a7E-ru (Tu)-;k"#.-'
Comm.: 1. P.b.m.f.b.s.: tsmffi
ll kev. e. slf kdv.6.szVty kap. . 6iFi kep. e. efr kgv.e. eEst keb. i.
Table 2<qJ kuz.u0J kud-. u
ItrJ,z.ll. sukud. . u. sukuz . u. rerukud.. 11. ruput.upud. o . tapud.. epud.. u-pud.. u-
gatrp6,. d.
getrp.,i. sgaeppa. nit-sili b. isiib. j. f,seb. isqpp.a (t)3ep. e. ka
Lpil
?
'??
Yrft
YnSKft
light, _fine,. 2. phon.: inltiat J, OJ E_
ry .fo)^le./*ediar_J g:.oj p "1 ry ( jul_ Ii"Xriil)"iE;{"';lr;I1i'"i:,:'r: # ;vs_ FIt_(?) *-L. 3. Cf . Riisanen__'19 ?5: .35! Fi tsgEal, etc. 'ligrrt r-tir t etak, tenat-j:t"fl: -b"3" :-Mo kePee.id.< {o $pi., ru osro g 'runinatei. +. Cr.TdJi"ffiSl(1r' l4): 'I}u kevre- 'eet weak'r_Kor kebg.i eb -kabaj ab ,to be light (not heavy)',5.-cf . uuta4tama 't9-65, -r{o. 16r oJ kuPE=@ EGE, uo g.*fop'ia. (u.rt s""Poppe 1960, {!: Mo E9g 'pretty, taautif-r'.ot4 = t" Fae @-'irri"rii).
-
2191 J.ka7 ),0J kud"u Inrbbish, jur r, trash, waste, scunr; ? J kuzusu. ono:ku*gsu (y.) rd.estroy, d.enolish, brealc,, ? J kuzureru, O.l !g1!g41 (sh-iT)-icrurotte,collapse, be d.estroyecl, decay, d.ecliner.
? Kn Siim. . kaFu ( ?u)xkep. ei
pod. . tpo6. o " do-po6. e. ra-paU. a.rla-bul. . d.y-pod. e. gin-pod. i. m-pud. a.Ta,-
?J?0.?J?OJFiil
Estft
Liv
Md.En
Md.M
?chZr0stl
?Yrtl
U
FUI 70 (ex. ) : Fi putu roffal, leavj.rgs' rputoa-, infinitive pudota tfal_l d_own, come
1o*lf ppdista- '(Vt) shake', Est pud.erbri.ttlef , pudise- '(Yi) skake; be broken tofragments; fall off f , pud.u-, pud_ene- rbebroken to fragnents ; fEfrIofrffi-pud.u-'(Vi) toosen, break :up I falt_' /UAn Efrfl-our, meal t , poEod.o- r scatter, spread. t ,
MdM podera-_ ia.aTCn @ry.-t poZana- 'tiespraffiii!] /2, ailav- 'iffr"rffi, co1-lapse; be washed- away'/Os podsgin- tfall.fall- to the grou+d.(.ty itsA=[-pggi*- ?etl(a d.ecayed. stump), / /F Yr Bud.ara--tErT off ,be thrown away | . -- U *!W-l-. The whole
*puc.r-
etynology isComm.: 1,
tial J, O,.l 5-1 st syI1 . J,
240. J ,Table 240J, 0J mall tt i.maFi maaYeps maKar -maCh ntitf nti. jVty muZr mu
ma€"
d6mg. gmil.. wItro. u
U *ma.y 6PSa,n xmii
Sk nii
uncertain.P.b.m.f .b. s. : tcrumble; collapsetr hence td.ebris | . z. phon. : ini-
-I" u *p- (pro.posed. two-way d.evelopment from */EyJ, s. phonolo w) /0J u vs II *g /mediar J z, 0J d. vs u *g. 3. cf ..intry kuji.ru.0J na I space,
Vglt
0sri
Tv
room, j-nterval, interstice; pause, time. a whil_e r . imaid. ; tnowr- the present' tine t ;- 0J Ad.ir-na 'Easteffi-Country r ( tater Azu-ma) ,
FII\tr 522 Ti maa rearthr so j.1, grourid., country , Laad.t fCh Malnyil d- , 4qi- : nU4o ron the ground. r orr theftoor, alwnToi po?itioif,-, n'!i&, mti.idn 'to the
(t) ground./the floor, downr, niijiiEtin tfron tfre ground.,- from the f l-oor' /Vty, Zr W 'earth, 1and., field' /Vg
Wt ndd , etc .. . ' earth, land.; p.lace ' / O, 49g,, nil.w
' eartfr, f and. t / /f" mou ' earth ' / IZ Sk *"d.-gg]s; naneof a Sk tribe; accord.ing to Prokoflev: ttearth-peoplert(cave dweller;y'-- U -"rat6.
92
!€csy 1)6J, p. 26: (nap) nanes of Finla.ncl's traditional adninistrative districtsenrling in- -na, e.4." &Ai@' @:Ig, Eiine-Ma; p'-61: (nap) on the territo-ry of-Estonld eight districts vhose respective na.roe s end' in :Er -u'g', f41=4gl -Sb-Ma. West-Ma; pp. 121-1 (nap and text): Ma- on the Louer VyEegdg,' Ma on the Miil-a-re sys6F, rgsora-Ug, &&, etc. (in the country of the zvryans ).SICES 3 I'i W = W, YePs Pa.
Conn.il . Flf,-.n.f .t.t: 'spacel land | (probably with the corurotation: 'suita-ble for settleuentr). e. On the J sid.e' the CV forn0 is beyond' doubt (in @r I- isDrobably lrothetic; there i6 a chaJxce, howevel, that it iE an obscured den. pron.,i"aninj'-ttriet). on the u sider we gee CV forns and longer ones.'.It seena we havefurthei proof here that cV for:ms becone lengthened into CT 1 i/y1' l vowel (theworcl-fin-al vowel is obligatory, as seen in the u forn). In the Fi distlict nane
&4i-g@4a' 'Iand.r j-s containeal twice: @ ig.the noilern fo::rn Ln vbich, a'6 IG*IT-ihe ;oue1 has becorne lengthened 111rderc stress; not through the
. elision of
an intervocalic oonsonant. That ihe elenent -gg as na.ne for a district oI cou.'tryLs ancient is beyonil any reasonable doubt. If it uere a shoxtened- foror we shouldassunethelossofawholesyllableflonanoriginalCVCYfornnotonlyinz"and ilty, where strong wear is attested, but also in tr'l- , whe?e it is not assuaed.ierfrap-s'it j-s not irielevant ln the present context that r5asterar Co'ntry| wa,e
""ri""a lA"-t" in oJ. ,' Phon.: initial J, OJ n ve U xg-/(foltoting) J' 0J a vs
n xa,. 4. U r-,16 is taken as aitditional to a CV shapea-rtdt forn. j, Cf. Sifl6:*ru=itrr" int.fio", the insiilert cf. sk g[ rspace, gap ' openingr '--[he eenantic
"ii""i--of- rU is frelpful, for it cones -quite close to that qf J' 0J E' 6' Cf'lrBtrte wo. -r1 .
241 . J qgIEL, OJ liati ta certain size of land; a suburb; part of a towni tofln'oityt narketlTable 241 EVv 612 !'i otava '; kind' of salmon-net; -the Great
ffir sk kod8. e r""r (-"" iG-surrix)' /Lp - oaoqe '- g- | something
6.r ;;.i ; kE.; ritrictr -lfiaers or is a'barrier to sonething' esp' of
;; -oi.".ot " qtutv lomething which ^hind'e3s
?eindeer o3 other arina'1s
i; oL" t *soU.-a fron going too far-or getting lostr -" '-;.gezes'-n @ge- - -- - - - - oa""u,i6- ibarrier (of netting 9" uT?}1 birch trees)
Vg US" Eu rc,ila e ffiGFa ri"tr--used when fishing illegally withn rfi.g ,, v6sz drift-nets r/Md. 9.g.' g.g. rtown; o1'l fortress'/Vg uu$,
ilo " ..... wuu6, uus 'hence, fenceil-in areat yard'; townrt
0s tt;; ch va|'a Fusd E:rce" udrnil'' uus+ii' '""?i i?-li:+-barriexrt wog os ati 6 st"octea of ;o;den-rai-Ls; wgir-u3s|g!- ' ggg- 'to,, wo6- Fu *ls'a iiutt t ittt a ueir-basket' /os .yaL' g! (noninative p1
r woc.a.n - - - -' -r-- - wodot) ttoua, large viltage; '"t ?t"1 sursourded witryr w5o Psarg *wec ffieen f ence approx' the height of a llan ' into
wed Yn ;;i" thi"t' tt""" urought provJ-sions- fox.protection fromr wEt aog"'! ; . @ 'weirr fish-barrieri long stakes
eo;k ittto tbe gfound, between rhich--in the con-
dtruction of a brush fence--Iong baaJrches oJ birch or other wood are woven' "'ffYr waa)- waad- t encro sl"g- fu""";, vaat id'/sk koadCe' ln]acet qatty rto nt strong-uold-, cae6 villager.-- U xg'1fu' i*+-r^6+6Mi;;: 'i;st-(;x. ): ui ygi-E-dial' vgic,.vgsz, .{6,'zs-'^ ldl" i1l-ilj"icate rish-l""o't"a" oi st;.kes, Fan-cne s or reed; fishgarthr'.--Origin unknovn 'rvt 116t Eu vejsze' dTiilt"it;;;:i";;f7a i"Z" /oi-t't" rence''-- Fu *\'Ic"i4'
str1 121 : *vec ,f,ence, enclosure I enclosing fenceri cf. Yn @ tfence off/around'/Yr B5,t id..A,L J.LL.
Fonn. : 1 . There can be little d.oubt that the ad-d-ueed' ,,*:"-1 t=l1l:: ^:"^ll:"Y.ia""ill"'* ' ;";'J;;:"1*"o'vqi sze , "!" .'l c; @, ?1" os 4 +?"" deveroped slightlvranm #1-,a nthor forms: in f'U **o ', tft" sound' xi d'oes not weight f9T-SLoe PIOIIE ueSc t rrsJ-. $4 LWt --'
d.OeS nOt Weigh, f Ofd.if f erently f rom the otrr"ffiGs; in FU Trytl6l .
the sound' *iF^- ; + r.ra 6a6 *ha srg.mc i-Olili';:ffi:';;:::l: ;;";i"';ffi;"ii.,i:tff:i'":,1::,i*: X;";?; lt: :?3;'+,gliderrr v v'' p.v ' '' t4n*--
-r patch- togethe"l.l ^t4i"u*nr=-+Has in Hu dial. ta,ifoL = @: -rpatch togeth""l.l^ niszik tto crawlr,
aS Ln H1l OLaI. !tjLJr{.ur- = 9A}g.- }'@vv' ' ,ffi.b.mmE.: rfenoet, henCeil"iro :-"6"6 '"Gr-:.tffi-nook gn,1_l:_, :i1: ' "::l.i ri arr 'i
.r r a.se , . hence ,f ortress Ira-rKo#rencloSure; enclosed placetr hence tvillage; fortified villagt
. r- r -- - z r^ n1 a- Qovnra tiin I e:n en
;:ffii:"t;:rt*:fi;"";,':'-i;;";"T;"'JJe""t" 'Itr, Ergrish town<Ansro-saxon @ ran en-+lI /r.r^l"ctar- 1q6'2\- a. Phon.liH,;"1';;3i#3t ffi";';i:i;; ;:ffi:;:J;'ii'ilil*ii"tffi-(i^r;;i"" igezFt' Phon'i
^ nn r4^ DQom XB /U *o. FU *a, PSa^n *2" /initial J, 0J g- vs U, FU, ?Sa"n *Y-/ 1st sYll' Jr 0J a vs o. ?t
nedial J lEr 0J t vs U *I, FII *C, psa.n *g. 4. Cf. Kovd,cs 1!10, 1J0: Eu dia1. vetat'village I ; in this word. . (not listed by MTSZ ) , -1 could be a di.n. fo:ma.nt (aeE-$! 'stepson" lit. rlittle eo4'!vs !I 'soni);-if it is, then ri" io"grti"i ,""0denands to be taken up as a ca,ndid-ate to be coupared to the word-s given above.
242. J ,to the pointthe child.renTable 242J, 0J mad.. eCh mu8. a.. nIt mo6. . kott mu6. . kofl mu6. . nU?f mgd. a. $Vg mo$tt ma$0s mo6. orr md,d. aFU *mu6. 3
OJ^nad-9, lop to; as f ar rg' (ter.g11"t1I: particle), -e.g.. , pFu-naae(-ni)of getting surf eitgd' ; Lewin 19j? , 2OZ: kod.omo-@ ;k;sEffi'
f ound. it a,musing' (k. 'child.ren' )FIII 1152 ch +jrdan 'at last'; nfldtb, nudko f along; through,throughout; the whoLe ti.mer, TdTI="d, nucno 'at ir." end.'l nada6,Euca$, nuc??, 'end., point, top%'*oG., S, etc. 'tffi'0s mq{o, mtta f as far &s r to; titt r . - Ff *rlil8i.
Comm.? 1. P.b.m.f.b.s.: rend., fi.nal pointr. 2. phon.:initial J' 0J n- vs I'u *m-/ 1st syll. J, 0J a vs Fu *g /med"iarJ , 0J d. vs FU-*{. .r. crl trre pr"Ltt"t strrrcture of mad.e-ni onthe J side and muCan in ch (trre optj.onal element .r lffi?ioc.suff ix, seems tiTE-id.entical with ch -g; s. J -ni in the sec-tion Morphology ) . 4. Cf . Benzi.ng j955 , 4O: Tg xnffian
' the end. :-ti-ne(")' = Ma mud.an id-. = Go modan '-tine(")' ]TG *o0",-il;Lam mudan tend.;.ffi'"(") t . T
^ , _245. ^J. _maiinaru-, 0J.n?zin?pu (y.) 'to charu, caet_a spell,, J najinai, OJ nazi_'laote 2+7 . g!+. 'Epet], charn, enchantroent | (dleverbal noui]fd]-n azi_ffi,,J naJ. j..na u ! (aJ curse, anatherna, deed work, the result ot i cursE@-rr naj.5..na i Inisfortune')i ? OJ nati ronen, portent, sigrr' (cui-in tortoise0J naz.i.napu she1I or-in the shourd.er blade of deer for tte iurpose or oivi-i -_ ma,E.i,napL natlon--Onod aka: is nati linked rrith rnazinapu?)i '? 0J nat.i tr'w 115!.Ci,4g1[: 'tol6phesy,, nu4a4-itFnationr, lquZedii_,Ch muZ- nuZeda- rto divine, p"opt"sy, guess, conjuxe, practiG trlglrct /: nu?,a.ri q:@" - ,pray, (esp. in connec[ion witrr iagan '.,ri."i"g")ll_-" '0s sut- r'u *nus.:_ o= *gl&_.FII *nus.g- C6ffil: t. p.t]ffi.t.s.: rpractice oagicr. 2. phon.: initialo! *mud.3- J, OJ g- y:_fy *g- /1st_sy11.-J, OJ a vsltrU *g 7r"di"f J i, OJg, ?;!vs tr'U *g or *9. r. Cf. the entries wazi irra wazurau.
244. J maj inr,Table 24FJ maj. i. ru
Ono: maziru (u. ) tbe/get mixed./ningred/blend.ed., mingle with.joi'@, bj na,iia*i (t:) .;tv;)--;;;;";;:7;";; ""1,_.Jv.LrL. ,, d rua,.lJ-wd,lLlJ.r U.J maztpanJ (y. / '(ViJ aSSOCiatepan{ (with), Ti*l hold. intercourse (witn) ' , J mB,,Eet0.JOJtf
mazipu ("h.r: )_ i(vt) nix, ad.mix, mingl"r'bi"rrd-;i;d;; rTmaze-nono I ad.ulteration, mixing, mixture r &dmjxture r .rEst@) : n",","Cii-; il;l.'g;i;- ;-"rgi!-;'-y;**-,mix,admix' blend.; (chemicalrx) .unite; ;oin soE6ne "" a company, ,Gst6t ,-, dial.-vcjg-tros, dgtr8s ("0j.) 'mixed., composite, ningled,heterogeneoust_, vegTiil- tggt mixed. into sonething, mj_ngler-blend- (with ) ; travJ@xuar ) intercourse ; conbi ne' ("rr"ri""irr, ) '--This word- fanily comes from g&.g[ii- ^,, ervesrrit- ^, ;F*r";ii;^.,,cje]relit-_,'ad-mj.x, mix, blend_r, "ffi.d.:@ t 6Fture ; nixedly; mixed-' ("d j . ) ; --o;EI;' unknovrn;-6-ecause of this
, v uQ)avJ_tJ.
JOJHurft
It
maz. i. rumaj . i. warumaz. i. pa:rrrmaz. i. pumaz . e. rumaz.uv€F6gr-
vid.-vigr-
one cannot clarify the relationship among the various forms,nor the word. class of eleg:r.. P.b.m.f .b.s.3 rmix, blend-r. 2. f propose to take Eu, OHu elegrit-..,elvesrit-,
b) the verbetc. as containing a) the verbal p=eiix el- (ind.icating effeEtivenesstc. as containing a) the verbal prefix e1- (ind.icating effeCtiveness),
veSL- -; in elvgmri!-, elevegy (the latter form is taken as a d.everbal)the initialomitted. (cf.syl1. J, 0J
Comm.: 1
245. J maku,Table 245J, 0J mak.uJ mak. i0J nak. S0s norlgi o1tr norlh li-
0J naku (y. ) rtoa bund.l-e', J maki,
of vgry- is clearly there, while in eleg:rft-, elegy, etc. it has beenHo jglng^,!,elg 'fu1,1 '). t. phon.: initiaf .1, bf gl vs Hu v- , L /lstg vs Hu gr 9r 9, i /nedial J i, Zt 0J z vs Hu gy-(= d), alai.-also d..
O.f nakf 'a ro11 (".g.,Seke 19OB-9 (XSz B-9): OsN mo4goI fa knot, a joint,noqkli- rto tie a knotr.
Comm.3 1.'P.b.m.f.b.s.: tti.el bund.ler. 2. Phon.:0J q- vs 0s s- /lst sy1l . J, 0J g vs 0s g /ned.ial J,/ .'4S' S (where 3, is a frequently encountered. glide).
wj.nd.r ,coil, bind., tie round., ro11 upr wrap intoJ nakf ra ro11 (e.g., of cLoth), volume, scrollof cloth), , scro11r,
a knobr,
initiaL0JkVs
J,0s
94
246. J, 0J makura f supporting bund.le (nad.e of grass or reed.) o" wood.en blockto be placed und.er the nape as a kind. of cushiont. Ono offers.no etynolbgy {o" it.ilal" --iie
s11 1152 *!gjle, 'n-"to hide used. as bedding.(ot the ground.)' ; cf .
J, oJ mak.u.ra yn fae 'rffi-eer-hidL ro]Ied. up as a seat. (on the ground) t , YrpSan xpaij4.t !ggg, egq 'hairy hid.e used- as beddingr; also rmatting mad-e
yn ia"." (t) of hay and-used in bed as a found.ationr.yr peq.a Comn. : 1 . P.b.!l.f .b. s. . I a bundle (of some suitable naterial)
for the comfort of the bod.y when si.tting or lyingr. 2. Phon.:initial J, 0J g- vs PSa,n *g- /ls+ syl1. J, 0J ? vs PS?t xg /nedial J, 0J 5 vs fsanrg (note: *i- iilnediately lefore xg nust be a g1id.e, since nothing shows that -ri-fo-rns a syllable in any of the foFns given by SW; for a similar glid.e function of,i, s. Corr. 2 under enlry nachi) . 3. The element Jr ,0J. -P *ppears to be a suffix.ei. 0J usu^,gry tpale; thint, p?si-ra 'pillart, tP:kuPu-r? tt!" well rouncLed-
partofthe",*'Tta=6|hand-,fficr.a]soFi@surface,c:1tst|,chkom rrind, crustr ... U *@. 4. Cf . entry g@.
Z4T. J maneku, 0J na,frekrJ. (y. ) tcalt, sunmon, beckoncause, occasi6ilUringEoEt; J mani fd.ivinationrr 0J
FUT 51 , TESZ ' MSZFE ( ex. ) : ft Fi manaa- ,inf . mana-ta twarn, extrort, ad-moni-sh,
"o=."1-T?ffi"h, execrate, wish evil to' ,
Est mana- t abuse, upbraid-, ruin, slancl-ertcursef, mdna- id.--Fi and. Est words coin-cid.ing wffi-fn tems{ fLp moartn6"-^ ry.Q-,noandd.f- t to conj ecture , solve by conj ec-fu 'appoint, ord-er, prescribe( said
' oF!-ovidence or fate ) ; conj ecture' f ,/t UA rourla- rbewitch, nrin by witchcraftt/'/ cn naF t sBeak r s&Y, ord-er ' /no *""d- ' say'i-a ffi fornant)//v" maan- /rrr ry- '"ty,coilnand.'/Sk cf- ' say' /Y'n W- / /Yuk mon-.
U *mans - .
to,-nani
invite, send.: puto-mani
for;I sacred.
divination I .IabLe 247J, 0J ma,n. e . kuJ man. i0J -man. i
IIu mon. . d-Yr mEln-Tv mun. o-Sk ny-Ifu ma-U *man. B-Yuk mon-PSan xmd,-
or xm6n-
?Fift
? Estil
man. a. aman. a.taman. a-mdn. a-rcart.6-moarL e-da-muon 5-murL. a-marl . a-
tptl
|l
? I{dch
0sn
n5n. e . k-man..kant-
sU 88 : toe- or thtln- ' say; 6pea.k I ."" - cirrt r.-p.ffi.r.u.i.: ispeak; conmandr; tpractice nagigri rcurser' 2' ?hon':initiai J, oJryvsu, Psa,n +'gt /lsi sy11.- J, oJ g vs-u,*g,- PSa'n *{. /nedial J' 0J
t;;-u; i6rt *g 5. Noie that Fk.er- -*9 11g: ":" of CV shape ' with the recon-e-truction 6uly-accounting for thIF fact, On the basis of the S*n data one is en-
titlect to think that pS",i *q fn @- ii a root expansion elenent ( [1'Iurzel-!bwei'-
i"rl-S"j f" ibe literal ""rrE". frrT-*@- l_Sk.g[- aJld Kn ma- are apparently tak-
en as disytlablc for:ms. +. Cf . bansctr;T-19 AS, 6T 0s Niz j afi-. ndnek-, bs Kezlrn
ge"*-';;; soold' €lander, abuse, execrater, os ryizian nankan!- id'
24e. J, oJ g3}< gd '" circlei conpletenesor, -J g+.ir OJ nPru;si:.naEd-si'fufi. conif eteffiote=ear, nothiig bui .. . i round, Fufar' spherical r
' J
;;;il, -o-ir"Tdb" (v.)''(vi) rotl ovei, t'nblei, J naru-naru rconpletelv' totallvr'naru-ku (ad.v.) 'roundt t-n a ciTcretr e.''r E o narffi twith wiile-open eyesr'
ILi"*%t""t *i;l,l*ft'l;fi"
ii.!r?l!!-#T:it?ti-ii'fiiHxl; clear' -unnixed'
J, 0J mar.u n"o"; p"oi""iinei sta.naG out', B].'-ry: @- -'?onprete-oJ nar. d rv, ruiiv," withEui ; break'- coniiffiusrfrTiar nel9ldeet' -J nar.o.bu 'sta"e a:rooa-"y"a, goggle'/1'e'' open the eyes -wr|{ 1 ,nefgg-ne-; :-::::. revul- ' enirrerv, f"rrvi' 49+5zt-
rto strain' distend'' le's''Eu ner.6 """"r, @.]-@;LoipG6 fully.; continuous,lv] ' nerg!-
'l ner.e.d- , tecorne-s-tf fidd; sta^nd erect; (of the eyes) be/get witle-rr mer.e.viil open/ surpriseit/furly roundt- I9 ry!'.@i'',@-iDeconeva nar.i o"orrallTi "lni"ai get'into straigbieiid ii-cu.nstances' , na.r6n
' ner.i,'"""oif'!t""isiti""u, *1:1":iiJirffi,#,fi:T:iJi"i:t""'r oar.g.n fulIr pure r Senuine' ; ,EgP-rlg,, ner. .w6 hemlreal in by riversr 19' 'i" ''ttt"d-i)-. @ ll::::.":*nt"uos nai.a.ro oot ...i1 ntrattA' 'gei-in straighiened circunstaces; get in;- ii".".tta needr.-- uffic x* or *mErs 'uglric *ner. t tr' oui ^t"A-"-^ disc-si?-ped (rarge) stone slab wlth
95
which the oPening of Chri".ttt^grave, eut into a hillsid.e, had. been. closedri cf .also^Hu ner{-li} 'u isplit hoofi (". g. , of a horsel-r;!-;i";; I";;r:-"""'conm'3 1. P.b.m.f.b.s.: tround.', hence tcomplet{-rurr; ,;r*il"6i(to nerdrsolid'; stand-ing out, proiectingr is explainable by the fact that, fqr eiample,a vigorous plant usually stand.s upright, while a sickly one is usually d.rooping;in Yg and 0s, the meaningfto be itt straightened. circumstancest comes fromrto beenclosed./surround-ed-/pressed. hard',). 2. Phon. : initial J, 0J g- vs Ugric *g- /lstsyll' J, 0J a v-s ugric *g^o" xg fned-ial J, 0J r vs ug"i" i!,= j. Note the formantsi :E' {u -Lr Vg -n? -I,Os -gl att in the
"a*6 column. 4. cf: Fgy 6T z Ei piirircircu-nf erence, periphery; exTent; compass, circle ; d.epartment, district ; "ffibirr8 'round-, circum, all round.; c1o?9 (d.ensely) ror4n_d; round. about; around.l con-cerning, about' /yan pirg, MdT re,re._ 'fenced prlce;/ |n'sk-;;;, Ffir 'ri-ng, round.,wheel, circle ' , pqgl4t*gl3' 'a6Tid , round. ibout ,' '/itu p jeFi 'about, around ,round. abouttJ.-- U *!-i-fg..
249. Jr 0J masu ta measure (ror dry matter or liquids)r. Ono:with Kor mal id--Table 249J, 0J mas. uPSa,n ,rmenc.S
Tv mant. aSk -nfu.&nar&3-
25O. J, 0JTable 25O
-
J, 0J mas. u? I,p va:ril, ekZr u\Vg uUtt wr5
SW 90: xmiincs ta measuret-ga+lp @q""j',j 'how
; cf . Tv manta t.iust as:much (aaffia;.); how'o
bund.le, bale, ro11 | .4aliti'ro1l/wrap j.n'
is cognate
eyen ostr Slcm&nd.L id. .
0J n- vss 1l ts)
mdnti-oo
-
j:__
Ito measure t.Comm.3 1. The meanings agree. 2. phon.: initial-
Psa^n_res- /1st, lylt. J, 0J a vs pSam x! /ned,i"i-j-",vs PSa,m xne /f ina:- J, OJ -[ vs pSa,n x]S.masu I sal-mon-trout, sea;trout , trout r .Tffi ee: fZ LpK va,i{ek 'smalt- sat-mon ,J/2" t4 'large salmonoj.d fishof siberla; 3{"ffiJil""rrJ;i ,v;-*s; TTs, uns ,salmon I coregorurs
ner-ma'[ o* y.n6, w"!//w.-iintu' Zy" Egs; "dfZd-Cg{; ;;;3:U *'onda.NyK 7.7 -(m), 1762 Sk Buenddel- : p@ ,fetma-month',muendel-ired$r wuende(tJffiia. my a d.enom. noun=-_-.||'.r-_-
J,OJ
tl
0stl
TvYntl
SKIt
USK?U
unsur$
*yn$jtrmb. ujid.d- u
add. e,*4wM. J
* on[. amuerd"{ el-* wond. a
.LOrnant l.comm.: 1. P.b"m.f.b.s.: rsa]monr. 2. seei-ng in sk two vari.amtsof thq word. for rsalnon t , the essential- d.iiference being in theinitials, one can assume that in sk g- and E- were at one stagein linited at-ternatj.on, g!: nrddlyi Tgeg, 1T6: Sk ,pU+lp,_ti;;rd.iving-bird. t ; cf . al so FIry 84 : lp wrind.an r sui. tor, orr_o.egroomr(aer .i(/": jaeaqnd) , waga-e-ny)
' 'reiaTlfil'a marriage I bridegr ion, /Yn +add-rl 'wooerrs proxyf/rrn nunoi-- u *@!gr, wi""" Er r.l ,, i-go together as initi-als. consequently, onffientitled-io]oiitwith a fair d.eg-ree of probability *g- as precedi-ng u -ggge (n;
"|d Yt i- are taken as having ste.pped- in for w). If that is allow-ed' initial J, g.l *- vs u xg-/tst sy11. J'-'OJ " n" u xa / nedi-ar J ",1 9J " (= t") vF u xnd (Tafti"g t "" *'giiaE)/- ti""i 't, oJ
:9 IS U *'9,..--For a similar suggested. correspond.ence of the ini-tials in J and. U, s. entry qactri.251 . J matou rbe
Table 251-Eat.-o. ulf mot. o. utr mat. o. marurr malg u. waru0J mat.u.pu
mat. d. potlu baty. urr bat.u]t noty. drf mat. . ri.ngIt mot. . ringft 6ut. o. rYe mahhe0s mdnt. a.1
wrapped./enveloped. i.n; .be. cl-o the.d,/crad./d.ressed. in, , (aer. )*?tgq rr malsuliar,u l(vi ) coir/twine round, follow abouti ,uJ matEparu ({" ) rtwine itsel-f round., cling to, twist about,5::n" :a?.", to' , J qotou '.t j.e up r wrap up ; wear' , 0J natupur..,natof,ru (y. ) , twine/twist/coil round.' .
TES_Z (ex. ): Hu b.alvu, lg!g, d1"1. lgtyo, battyu, battyri.ta bund19r ,a packt.--Th-i^s word ra^naffis TffiTt ofrTiTato-poeic o=lqltr
"ld is_prcbably connectla rittr th; following:a) !?fyof df -, _ buryold,z'-, .basruldJ-, boeqrol- , buslrol- 'wrap,swad dle , envelope ; curr ( e . g. , ttre hair);e"tt6 inpucaie',t) u/rtgr",!,rj-gr.; butyor, 'bulur, busror ia bundlE, a pack ibutor l-ater took on the meaning tfurniturer;
{4"f -matv{ 'a bundr-;; bfi;"e"-(ii"a inio a bundle)';d) matringn, otring, mutring rskein of yarnr.Mu. Szi.: Ve martte taLehtisalo 1936, TITT vg
96
Ganschow 1965, J2: 0s nlnt},l t a bundle, knot, hank, ro11 I .Conn. : 1. The word- fanily on the Hu sid.e could be onom. , but even so useful
for our purpose.--P.b.rI.f .b.s,3 tto envelope; a bund-ler. 2. Phon.: initial Jr 0Jg- vs g"-b-, S-r Vg, Os g- /lst syl1 . J ?, 91 0J g Vs.Hu gr o? tr, VB a, 9, L / _
iled.iat J I,.tF, oJ-t vs Eu t, ix i= !) , &- T= a), ve 49, os [t.-1'hs word-final-g in Hu taffi, baTu is p"6t"ury'a p-reserved Found, E -o oFriru und-er entryr&
2jZ. J matsu, 0J matu (y. ) 'wait for, awaite expect; watch/be on the lookoutforf.Table 252J mdsu0J mat. u
od-. o. tta-67. o . tA-ud. o-uL. o-
wdd. e-wu6. e-
8.tt. y-ac. a--ac. a-
u ,( o'8. a-
FitpMd.ll
chtf
sktl
n
ZrEuFII
flry 522 Fi od-ollq- rwait, await I expect ' .(aer. )/ Lp daot0-'await repeEFd$, wait tine after tine r /-NId g8b- lwEffawait';utol fwait!r/ct gg!g-, wuCe- //sx gj-!f,-, aala-, aaca- fguard.,
stand. gUard. over; lie in wait; be on the lookout for someone;spy on someone t . -- U *gIE.
FIIrf 11Tz Est yr-fsa- 'l-ie in wait fofr watch forr, vii-su- 'lurkttie in'wait, W@-, WA- '.k""p (sonething soneiliffi), pre-serve, protect, aefena, ;8.'/2" "fi-
tkeep, tend., observe, etcj/na vj.grlrd.z- t Look out, be on one I s guard., bewar€ t . -- FII *gi.d,.L..
Conn.J 1 . I suggest that the two word. families on the U sideare variants of each other. 2. P,b.m.f .b.s.: rto be on the fook-out (ror) i. J. Phon. : initial J, 0J g- vs v f,-,.FU *g- (ror theloss of initial In- r cf . d.ial. Hu gggl gg, 'and (i" enumeration) ',J (Olno:) muzu >u7o (suffix for ttre expression of volition), 0J(0modaka:)@a&
-' stern' ;:-s,ubstitutj.on o{ _g for m-, then
ioss of w- is afso conceivable) /lst syIl. J, 0J a vs U *9, FUxi /meaia-t J ig, 0J t vs U *I, FU 'Fg.
EstYtvn
vrJ.s. a-uo&-
IvoTvih-viry. d,.z-
*wi.6.g -zjt. J matsu, OJ matu tpine-tree t , . {.n?,tsu-bara, 0J^galg-e?ra t.a tract of open
1and,-i'itr'g'o"p;of!fr-es}rowingonit'@*'fffi,ctof1and').Table 2q< FIJV 114, TESZ, MSZFE ("{. ); Uo *#, di"l. megszi 'f?", distantr
m -tbush,
forest , grazing 1and. t ;nats.u /li getsEi tforestt, Eqt np,ts.l nqtg= .rbush, forest, grazing 1and.';mor 1r o*o.r.. I .,ot, or:tsi r{e ^ outf /iit nie8de- : niedCe-suoloi I islet thatOJ mat. u away; tost ; outsid"e r out t /t'pt' nie8de'
IIu nessz. e is situated f ar away 2 apart ' . -- FU -g"Ce. --Hu -e /-i is a lativeFi netsZiEst mets
JOJHu
Il' DJUt,CCl,Ugr4 LQL erwqJ, ayqLv . av =
I =suffix; --g-eg- i.s gemi-nated -_.-. The original meaning I
tthe edge of somethingt.may have been
rr mdts flfV 114: Lp maecce tf orest, wild-erness I 'I,pnied&e.nrd.dryivegWSkna6i'tund.ra',*"djr-'pertainingtothegu--?"ge forest" r ha - nrp [email protected] conn.: 1. P.b.n"f .b.s.: tforestl treet (t transfer of meaning
Sk ma6 . i either way is -conceivable), TTS? conced.es that the d-erivation ofthe concept tforestr bushland.t from the assumed. basic meaning rthe
edge of somethingt is not quite transparent. I suggest that thebasic meaning was-tforestr fand- covered. with trees and. bushest, and- that Hu mesqze
has to do witfr the concept tvastt, a plausibl-e attribute of tforestr wild-ernesst.Z. phon.: initial J, 0J L- vs FU *g-, Sk g. /lst sy1l. J' OJ_g v1 FU *!r Sk a /med.lal J ts, 0J t vs FU F!, Sk d /f:;na\ J' 0J -g vs FU *-e' Sk -!-
Zj4. J W, 0J nagu (adv. ) lil the firs.t place , ?t the. start, fi.rstr. dno:
k'arc' ' zid,-' alsffis'" trootr) 'seniorit/; tproceeding at the head. of otherst'maz.u.mad.. tlvez. e. t-
FIIV 84, TESZ, MSZFE (ex- ): IIu vezet- 'to guid-e, direct, lead-'connand.t. This word. is a'd.erivffi by the frequ- formant -i.from *w-. from which vez{r tleadert has also d.evelopedr -- Fiygte- Tiirf , drawl rraflO,=ag, /Uan ""d"-' .ni!+- ' MdM_veda-,; "- 'lake, guidl, leadr fCh wijtde-, EiE- rguide, leadl carrJfr.
FU *E-ete-Comm.: 1. P.b.m.f .b.s.: tto lead-; be at the head (of others)t'
Phon- : j.nitial J, OJ s- vs FU *g--- /1't syll : {:-0J a vs FU *e '/
nedia] J zs 0J q .vs Fu ;!; l. et" Sto]/"ggot .1920^' Sj Tg^gil5$-:-fi;; 'fiu={'uggg-= /:x$iL--;t5 guide, lead'' 4' cf ' F11y 150: Fi
""-!A--..: ?Gsta' iEl-averti ileadi pulI, drag'' fr I.f -*n? word
fa^nilles in questj-on ."" littked.l the question arises: how d"oes
tr vez.6.TFi vet. El-MdE ved. a-rf vit. i-MdryI vE d'. a-rr v €t. a-Ch vtid. e-FU *Bet. ii.-
97
J come into the picture as regard.s the tirne and. place of the assumed. borrowing?255'J nazusbi;i' 0{ mad-u-sj. 'poor, d.estitutei {isad.vantageous', 0J nad.i ,pov-
?"tJr',J.wa@TTUQ4gF"o"-1':)-;bei11''"fi"i(;;;);.;;aff1ict"affir')i;'-'l wagu=a:ifFT?ao=aoffio"ry, .d.istress,
anguishr pain, hind.rance, illness , r Jgezurtwa.stii-i,-6iiGauraep;sittroub1""o*6'onerous,vexatio'!,,J@gg,@(y.)'6-;oubG;aisturu'-;;;ylinrrictpain;p1ague,pester|.Table 255fro.rauTEsZ'MSzFE("*.):,Huvdsz|ruin,annihi1ation,destnrctiorr,rr w^r.o."^ i decline, downfall (".g.r of a fanily/a country), cala.mity,0J wad..o.""po d'isaster, plaguer Pestilence; d.estr6yed. part ot' ^ forestlIt wad..u."ipl d-estructive naturaL force, tempest, "t=ot" of lightning,J waz.o.""i""o stor"m; revolution; d.anger, d.istress, nisery, p""i11 exi-
f:::{: d::,: 1eed , , "T""gency' , IeFf gdelen , ,ugrZ(W idanger,0J wad..u.rapasu :errcyt al-re neeor emergencyt, Yeszed.elem, veszdly f d.anger,
J maz.o.*ti i perj-l I , OHu vq.F?.et _ rruin, down o strug_
oJ mad..o. ui - 81e ' wrestle with difficultj.es, take lE3iffi-ir, ;"7ii;;, nad.i in d.anger, Lose oners strength, pine- anay, becone siunted,Eu vds t::i:h' vqsfek?d(iF) 'to quairel, - wranslel
-be in danser,fl tese.d.elen dec-t- j.ne, deteriorate, peri sh r , __Origin uncertain. e,...*, llty
" veszd.lv g- Idisappeax, nake oneself scarce'.__As t'U media] con_r .,.....:.., ?:i?"t I" can posit *6.--The lreakness of this equation isthat_onLy two cognate larlguage can be brought irito it.bur probabry has to do ,1rn?fl1."]=irll"lffllj.tllj*Ttt"Fr"r#"i"lLlll"ll"Frlll*n-'\., w- alternation is frequent tn .r, and b,ecause the eena.rrtic ireas c-consiaerablyoverlap' r taJre the J steme wg,.zu- a,nd. ma?lt- to be vartants oi-"""rr-Jti"", -"ituso&e seoantic restriction--in tfre, cage 1f ^pu_. _r. p.b.n.f .b, s. : , afflictua, iff,hence f destituter. 4, phon.-: initiat..r,, off, t-g-^vs_nu "l 7i"t."rri.'i, ,o! zI" !t1 i: 9 (ttre tatter rrowel is.open) /rred.i-ar'J Zi o.l q vs-uu'g llrfu i_"_,,.5. Cf. the entxiee @ a,rrd ma.iiniu.'
^,-256.-J_.8, g-, oJ nd, raa 'eye'.f* ff, s5: fuigg- .rto gee r ; cf . sk gg4$-g. 'to 1ook, cast a glancerr na_ at'r p.I]]l rlook! i you see; he sees; it is visibler.oJ ;d
" JlT;: 1.,P.b.n.f.b.s. i 'eyei seer (positing a nomen-verbun).r ma ?: _T" ,-:_t:t""t *-cJ i8 taken to bc .a f oruaJlt, of . psa,n *p.u!€- /rsan{5'nco-fre;'HEi"i^.F;i1",:"i"i!,;*l#;,ii:,it;:t;#lf:fr i",.tl o.r g-Es;-.s:7r E; ;,"6;?, q vs psaro *a.
257. J me' mesu (-su. is,a suffix) tfenal-et. (hunan or animalr), e.g., me-ushi',??* ' {""rr!-caTTTd' ) ,-0J m5| 'i;;l;i wonan; giir ;, ;. ;: ,
-i."--r ,d_aushts3=m4r^' r
( the elenent p- is not exptained. by the d ictlonaries it riTlFposatf could itnean rgood-|, somewhat sinilarly to French lqlle-{if]e 'stei-a"og}ti"=iL -O"l
-mi inTr'*l=g'linvitingfema1"].(i10Jnythorogyrc(;-o"l'")lo}_-6:-e/ru.:^tiTf :__vouns
woman; beautiful woman/ s_irl ' (g:., p- ' smirriEiir" i );gfl wo-muna-ry 'o.L."F' "lP. wif e and concubi-nes ' , .Ono : OJ-gf-qFna 'ol-d womap.f is the ;;'p;rif"of d-ki'-na ' old- man '/trrus , *o-*ott"-md containF EuTotrcept ir*"" '
-i*i";7. - *
ratle- FTYe mi.r1' FIIV 54 (ex. ): Fi niniei, min.'id, 'd.aughter-in-1awf /os me.fi r,p m6nnje- monje- id. ; twife of oners brotherrsHu m8.rqr son or sister t s son | ; husband- | s cousin, maleYr n6. je cousinrs wif e ' /Vty nerl : ken-meri. td.aughter-i.n-lawlTv nea. j (ten id. , 'young woffir ),.@ ryoorrg mamied.Yn ni woman; sister-in-1aw, the ffiT trte yonnger brottrI{n md'. ji er of onef s husband., the younger sister of oners
husband ' (i6i 'litt1e.' ) /Zr. moft 'd.aughter-in-Iaw;the brother I s .wif e , /Yg mi6 id.aughter-i.n-1aw' /0,,.. meh fua 46ry //y" meeie 'trre wife of oners youngeru .-mr''na brother'/w mea.-i tdaughter-in-lawt/y" dl(m qeeji.
U xmirld,.TESZ (
"xTf,Uo m6ny 'young woman; girl ; virgj.n ;brid.e ; d.aughter-in-1aw; young married. womarr; the
Jmell me. sllfr -mi. na0J nd,, -m{tt -mi{. nafl -mu. naFi ni.4jdtp m6.4jeYty me. fr.Zt mo. fi
OA
uLfe of a younser nale relativer' --Ihe neaninss of,tgl!|"!.Tl 1!:.":q1l?: ""es"uti;;i ;;"-pii;b r-."'itrg oi tti" vord fanily wis not-Tied up with B certain deg?ee
oi relati'onsarp, tut it sooner had the content ryoung manied vonan wbo has co!0e
into the clanrr or generally 'youn8.wonan" . - ,coun.3 1. 3y contrasti"! oi J-il-"t with 6-ki-na, O'no points out several Te-
levant thingsi L) !- neans roldr aged" b),-& .neans 'hu'nan ber'ng't c'' nf: nea^rls
;;;;';l)';i nlail-s 'nan'. Thus, in,oJ -t+"?- rfenare hunan beingr we gee two
"oroporrurrtu' oFCV shape against u' i1q!'1!{' f t w:'f f be interesting to see in the fu-
i"ii""i"ii"r- u-*.i{a' iu if ott" .""fr.. P.b.n.f.b.g'i '(qgye) wonanr'-J' Phon':
ia*iar J, or g_ "" u -al-7i'!,"i,"0r-1,-g-+ -l! o *i ,/iir ie alrow or -pl-na/
-!u-na as a fused construciioi t6 Ue sEt igainst U-*tifra; then) nedial OJEfr- U
;ffi;;6r-:;;"-;';:;::-il';t te noteai u *E+ite ffi word or paratal vowel
o?d.er. 4. cf . priibte no. 12. 5. 'cr' na.nstear l9Ffr-G), 81 :.Kor 4t Te,99,9! :h"-i"i"i"tli'l'ori" ii' E-';;'1 p. 180: 'rs s t -4:arti-sa|the
blder brothers"5. cr. Riiseinen 1955, 9z t;!oia; ninia.I'l--t{l@-:vor--ger siste"" Kor &ig-","r"+"irr;lffirif rg--*;H(;"H*J;r6'Murav.na1e66'No'1r:
3*r " ;: i'tr' ts, ffi.S#;t {i; [lr]:;iii.x4f;;#jfr ;:-#',, neg.u.rasu ,r-"roiffi"/-"orse' , ,J r"f",Io, ,OJ n:ry (sh.n. ). t (y1) Uend (e.g'
'oJ ;d;.;."" oners back), curve/crooEfbow/1ea'n (forward' backward) ' pervert ';- r}E."."""r distortr, i, O.l ^lt"*-\"P" 'curved iewelr' ? 0J nggo-v?ka-ni
.1, o.r iG."."" r*ith a enie-rifin6ffi;' in a conto"te't wavr' (Ono: ) 49p-J mag.e'ru .ugg (v.) 'twist the body like a snaker 'OJ na€.u r'w ri!,'fp 49394. rbent object;- a snal1 persol uith. banily-
,r, o.r -'E."- i:*";",!UuA-"-*"1; lliitil'{fl"{{*ff-"ifl:":iul}ll,'in"? 0J oo8.o- sLlu€
tD trags e t"v'ii"-*"';il""4- t"' e', "t L ffet)'J /vg nonehel- rencircler'rr regg, 8. s --Fti *norlka 'r vty IIg" TEsz. ( "*ff=' uo Tarxk6, dial', nonko ' bonk6 ta crutchl bent grip
,r mos.s on nrrJ-iru^iar" oT-a stytt'e; it9-. '-s"EriG' ' --origin unknown
? zt r"6 /-! ls ritery a d'in' fornant/ 'vA nda}le ' 1- toi"oi""-"i-lt ' 't912 (ex' ): --os
ga' nhs 'bend/c:1:. i" th";fi 6;fi; - ii"*'"i""-":.""" o=-ir''" t6"a'<F-GgT"ttd in a riverlvtv r0o*
| ,l | - 'o"nii-uol"-lt iitr ' a neaaow)'/os nEgF'a bow',a bent piece of
Eu r@rr<'d *ll'j',. rir"" ra seall bo$', gragq! rrib of .a (sma1l) boa.t'/ \g
;"- - -ff :- -, ""4J,ffi !,9, l*;;e. :-'iff= :ffii i j*iil"ifi*r#*, r=;" ;{+: ; zr ni\lE-'!ry.mpbacked' (!eopi".o?Fit"ru);.norose' sullenr/ 0s
,, nss.e.r n*ei6!Ti rbecone bent/arched'< Z" qiEi+j.{. -' .4.i4Jr 'eettt tii. t . "
-t-e crooi<ea; bow ilovn , bef ore EJoneone i be noroge ' '
vs na;.i.r b;tt:;-i: r suggest that the aild'uced wordt fenlries on the u
;X -dk:;:; sia"-t"ro"s toleti'li' 2' .P'b-'n'f 'b's': 'bend; be -bent
" hence
,
" i""oil"il
- j. *pr.o".
3 ini t iar i,i"li#- r1".3"^8""/*"ld{t l :
t.9., g vB oJ !, 2' f- 9 vs tu *1
Note the fornant g on lbttr sia6s In thE ea'ne col-u'iur ' 4' Cf' Poppe 1974' 1 322 IgEy nu'ur rversit,orn
"ppl"iiit"i-trt" intestine ' , -
goes baok.to llu Yak nutrur< *g4gii,.ifft,
"t"""a;-;;t-e::;;"'<Mo' cr' Mo rysg' Kh @ id'
25e . I ''r. -cr r^+, is;-3i *+ ft"llil{+" i ?'t r"3i"3;t J i.!i- ff+:; tilii'ii;Mlller 1!J1 ' 171: oJ wa-n9iltra 'w:-\'":i,T'::i .:^::;.;;.; -iir."r.' ilivolves tbe
niat_sixteentb_cenrury .jffin. " iz)i-itrr"-r.i i"-a.ni rnost like1y irivolv
now fa,niliar first person !11-, roirowea by a oow-1-ha::nony arternant of the re-
ferent particl" /e.,titiii Et";i";j-d.
1";"*a ttrts ie foliowecl "' bv B suffixed'
personal elenent ... .';. -oill-'*;1t'f;i< E 'r' + @ '(appror') tnose with ner'
r,Uv 54; Fi !sinai,-ni+u. - 'Il llp e.. -$-/ua t*B"/ch 494' etc' '/rl!v P+ Ff"rTgd ?"'-
mIS'rffiF,;,!:*75af6.ffimiry+-%'"1"*1*G'ff=i,t"*Elt .'", ,*e, /r,p nt /ytd g /ch @, n-- /ytv, zr gL fis ry, *o,'/-ou @.r etc"
i i tt", -'"n"' ("i.-i'iEilil)F rysl-/v"-@ /sr' ry' sg /Itu s! //'I'o:*" ',it'
EabI: = ?5q Conm.: i. Since the 1st per-J, ClJ nj. 0s ne I,i ne son pron. sg and p1 on the UCIJ rmr rr ng.n tp ni.n sid.e- d.iffer-so tiitte, they eanOJ ni ri ma Ch rnii stand together against the itata
ll r" i nU.n r !0e on the J sid.e.__ieavine out the'' wa.nu " @,1 yty,Zr ni d.ebatable Vg and. Eu fo::ns (ad_fr wa.na.rni Yr ma.i Vg na.n duced. Ln trickets); ""-fioa tnrtI'j. ni.ne Tv na.nna4 Os 106.rl on the U side tUeie are CV tase" !LL.nu- yrL loo.di Eu ni forns, lengthened., in the first
It uo.n l* oa.n Tr ma.{,a) ptace, by the ""it"*"" k U- 7_",+/" nir- rr na.t fv ne. ea(f ) *-na. The OJ pro4oun fo::nanrMal no.n Kn na,n yn no.di ' ' -@-".. (".e,.; "d_;4,_
s3^_"" itrr"t,lch na.i u *ni. nH, sk nE nS' wdr'te-con!6iE t6- it. 2. asIty no.n or *nJr.na n rni relarcls. wa.na^ni 'if"-(1",ntriar ln_zr ne yuk ne.t Ica ni.' (f) cfusive )fr-tfrint< itrat ltitle" isrr ne . nd yuk ni. t right when he proposes 1f.fiii"" --1971, 15o ff.) that it consists1st person,incrusive-p1 @) + the pron. rorna"nt *f 1*.4!'itrfl:"83i:t'nl*:"*"pron, g! lthe lMo oblique forn of E is *nan-. uhich lLi.lter probably cor"ectlyequates with 0J ry): ,. P-b.n.f .b.s. 3 rbodyi self r, hence Iny personi I.r, hence'ue'. 4. Phon.: initial J, ClJ E:l .oJ.g-, E- vs U *g- ,/J L, CLJ !, g, OJ !r g,9",:-
u.:+ or t (=.+). 4. cr. rw-1i4: rf nJ'we' ...-//or;il", "-t"rfii" -fuJ-{i"{Io =pi_99'
gen. E!EjI4' ma,nai: px -mnai. -nai.--TW 155: !'i pins..,sinu '!' ... /!ofu !@,.nain, =nfi.Lr"1 @ @ l-ro"irv)l@; px -s /MoE g-en. rElaLL; px-Elli., -gL, -4. 5. The U reconstructed forn d.oes not throw enough light upon suchforn6 as Sk g[, +k T".!.. l,lhen one al-so consid ers the A f o"ms, e . g. , Mo bicle, onebegins to suspect that -! in the Sk and the Yuk forms is a pron. f ornant-d ifferentfron II *-11V-8. Cf . OsE nrte I some kind of ' . Is *! an attr. narker = OJ g ?
- -?69. J nin?,- OJ.gfu _ ralli ever.JrJhing; everybod.y'; (aclv. ) 'uithout exception,wholly', Ono: rall those living togetherr.
TESZ ("*.): Hu mj.nd-rvOllu mund-, @ faIl, everyone; entire; all-J nip. a without exception; each; in like manner; whof 1y, continually t
,oJ nfn. a mind8g: Otlu i€naun tall, trt" whole lot, everybody' , nindie -t ai-IIu min. . d(6n) *r#T--This-- woid' fanily comes from the pronoun mi.r.-,md I some-tr mun. . d thing; wh3,t; whj.ch t , but its formation j.s not cleF. -Tt" rtrt mdn. .d (Uefore a) could- be a pronoun formant; -d. is not clear at aff.rr mdn. . d.un -
Comn.: 1 . P.b.n.f .b. s. : tall, evexybod.yt. f d-isagree with? Sk mtr.n. .ti# TESZ concerning !h" origin of nind.. As I see it, mind. has to d.otf mun. .t&" with Hu ni 'wei (see
"tttry 259)i-Tt sor then g isl6-uab1y apronoun formant, while -d. likely has to d.o with t of Sk Suntik,muntigtwho11y,fu11y,aII'everyone|(nradryi1,6g,144ff.
suggest at the same tj.me that this Sk word. goes with Hu mind.. 2. Phon.: initialJ, 0J n- vs Eu, Sk *- /lst syll. J i, 0J f vs Ho !, o,.g, A, Sk u f med.ial J, 0Jg vs Hu, Sk g. t. Cf . Benzing 1955, 11: Tg xniinti 'we (inclusive)' = Ma muse, Ud.eninti id..
261. Jblade of aTable 251
gi39, OJ-tf"". ',peakr ,slrlrtrit, top (of a ?rl11/montain), back/rid.ge of theswordr. Ono: mfne<nf rhal-lowed.r + ne rmountainr.
ITIV 114, fEM, MFzrn (ex. ): Hu tEnny, OHu nunhi (= nurli), mdny,dial . mcjny ' sky; heaven ( i" trte-G-rigious sense ) j o=*rm"ntilroofof a befu f irmament, the vault of heaven',a-, Md.E der{el, 6ede1!,frarlil, Md.M der{.e1 'sky, heavenr . --In the Md f orms, -I is a d-enom.noun ro=nanT-J-trote u,1ro the metathesis in dedell "/. -I ru *nirl a .
TESZ (ex. ): Eu mdnnyezet, OHu mtnyezet 'ceilingr (in nod.ern houses)firmamentt; -in OIIu: tthe vault-like insi-d.e of a gable-roof t.--Thisword. d.erives' from ggg/gpry., but its formatj-on is not clear; itslikely sonrce is ngnnyez- tconstnrct a vault, build. a rooft.
Comm. i 1. Reference is mad.e to a) Mathews 1961, No.7594: Chi-
JOJ0IIuHuIt
Md.ll
min. er/:r..
"tmlln. l-n elyIlItFTtrt\r
-;--Y rlmgn. erfref. iI
FU x mir|. e
nese g[ rthe canopy of heaven; space; cover, shelter; the part of a house shelter-ed by the eavest, b) Nelson 1962, No. 12BO: Sino-Japanese greaves, roof, housel
100
heavenr. Thus, i-t is understand"able that the vauLt-1ike olil-faBhioned roof beca.rne
"V"o"yro"" wiirr tUe sky. The conspicuous trait of both inages wa€ a cextain curi/a-
ti:.re. - Therefore' the proposedt basic roeaning for J 35!4Qr Eu Tdlnvt- a'nd Md. fiedel! is
;iorr, t""a, cunrer. (ff 6no's proposition ca;rr be substa&tiatedt then - this assnmp-
tion is to-be re-exa,ninecl; frowlve-r, the neaning. ipeak,.top of a- hill/nountain;back of the blade of a sworal I need not,involve the epithet rhallovetl r.) 2.. ?hon.:il-o,r-e-
-;" * d-l 1st syl1. J !, 0J 4 vs tr'u *! /nedial J, 0J g vs 3u *4' ,' cf 'enrry gry.
262. J nir|L' 9u gfigl. ti 1t.i. ) 'see, view',1,q+#:-0t..+F-!iT:";). '"no"'let seef. J nesu 'sunnon, -sen,i fori wear, put on (ilofElng r wEapons)r, I'ewin 1959,
i#t-;; i#"|rjtiatf i rronoritic-ractitive sufrix.-P; 019: g1-nffu (v') 'point
"i/i" (*itE-t{e-finge;J and exptain, (g- <-g, rto actldo', its function is to sive
erophaei s to ndsu) .i"i,r" 252- r'w 55, TESZ, MSZIE_(ex. )1 ug lsJaFffi." ? Vty roa.d.to show' present, denonstrate, let seet
i, rL,u.""o rt na.d- point toir oEu gllq- in the perEonalIt me.s.u Ch mo'. .a.ln na'ne M€B9:!!I!q rthe one who sho!'sr to, ;i'"'- ;- u1o. .d aiar. i:fi@ 4!!- 'to shov, 1et;- rl. "."
MdE nu. j . ems see | , E$99;[- , 'to point to i give sigars
n{.s.u MdM nu.i'ens repeateillyi'--(TESZ:) the baae g!- nay
' ;-d.;:; ri nu.-.ista(a)- be conpared to.3 0g ru'iu6jl rricldrer
Eu !lu- rr Ot. nu,j.a- posexi lot," 4itgtt?t 'pose a.rid.d'le;;- nu.t- EEt n6. .ista- counselr. /[l .zt uoj4, ee4ry_r._lltr''rr ru. t. at- storyt (tsE. rtongue r
- sp_eech' worc' ,l '
os rg.1.u3ti noj+=!! -to narrate'/vty. Elu ra rid-,, rE.i.eptan ;1"-', a road!- Inaxrater relate; pose a rid'? zr ;;.i' e Fu *nu.i'a- a*'J@y5e-:,rltuae 'to.find'/MdE
nu.reme ' MAlI--_Egiinsl6E' /r'i nui?ta{a)-rrenenberi u.nderstancl, knowr (der. ), Olonets Eu{ta- id.,.mffg- 'to taste (= lry
";;;;;;-i";s""i ; , rui gor4": 'hoid; conpretrend; recosnize; note; nean-' have
;;;;"1;;".ifil ioae", "ffa"t; p"ol+:-" ' ' --The
- oriSinal roeaning was p"obablv rto
toucb' feelr.-:Trre terongiil ;;"; of the Zr antt, Vty fo:ss is doubtful beca'uae ofi;;i;'";;;i". -- ro uu nutiill the caus' fo:na'nt ! is reduDricated" -- trh .8+l3."
com' : 1 . p.u.n. r. 0.fr , "
;;; ; -;;;; l"-io""i'-("itu) j'- hence ( ret) e'elrind !
hence I experience r, under6ta.nil ' know" 2' Phon': initial Jt OJ g: vs FU rE- /1stsyl1. J !, 9., 0J L, I vs-Eu iU-7ntaiar.'r c',0{ I (= ts) vs j. in-Eu n+tal- ' 413:'etc. J. I"tt n-i-3. is a typicaft'engtUeninglf e'nent
-on a CV shaped root' The rootnu- can. be shown in nu EirillaLl- u! trre rorrowing analogy: nu 6t(el)-,rna'ke eat'ff"a;-("i"ri";-;"; g:
-ru 1qr: g" *qry:, where +-!s/-p,:"i-::,-u"::*"*""t"u
to be a f or:nant; s. entalr t"b""")'' .su. iTTFf- tgive soneon6 to drink' naJ<e drinklior*ir"a-".oq !l , ru *,irEi-, d4S9--r "oo''rttt"" ' nake believe',.(oligii untrooown 'i"t-"i. -iri-"a lbetleverl : ry.- ' (helsheJ berrevee r : E!:Eg ' (he/she) na'v be-
Iieve | .
25J. J g2l.f5g., oJ E!!94 (y')-'to washr (ttle-bo'ly' in a river' as xecor'Ied inta},tZ-' z6l-' .l fiTE-rroeLcit texts ) ' -oroodaka:
the qualitv of ! in 0{-++9eJ, oJ nis.o.su """"it-["'a"t"rnined
I Ono: gig i:9! '1"*{ l-1-g r9an 'tor. nis.o.gi p*l"p"i*i";. ,r, o,l rygi-d..verta1 noun) rcerenonial at-Eu mos- iution; purification cerenonrrlOEuDus-&oa|1965t61:rtlnearlierc'enturiesthepurificationvaslit-Est n6s. .ke- """iry'"-io="
t4-rough physical oleansing than it ie today;
l.!il nu6. .ke- " ' -ol"-"t"ttt to-a plioe- wire?e a river enptiedl into tbe sea
?i' "'"
H:, *,T-,,, ##ryft *i#ffi ,jf; ffi #'tr#ih'{*;#;t 'uus.a- buzrf--.o.,. i#;.r:|.,*#*;o'."--rhe weakness or b'no,s? trn buz'd- ;r-;f oJ ti 'body' canaot be as-it - *su6. .ke- propoiition is that the vo$€
or *no6. .ke- ceriained-in oJ nisoall...2. rio". t -ittfii"r
-i o{ -g- )" Y 3-/?ss,n *rots. o- lst sytl. J' OJ ! vs lI *g ot +9 / nedial J 3'..9f u-(= t") "u
u lt4i;f . piuro *!) ' --n"g""tling1be aluster u *!iE' r -sussest
