PacingKeeping Your Reader Interested and Informed

What Is Pacing?

• A writer’s way of manipulating time and details to keep the reader interested in the story

• This prevents the reader from

• being bored by unimportant details

• being confused by too many details

• being overwhelmed by a story that spans a long period of time

Pacing TechniquesFor Important Details...

•describe very important people/events/ideas with specific details (using Snapshots and Thoughtshots would be helpful)

•turn important “telling” sentences into “showing” sentences (using Snapshots)

•use dialogue with speaker tags when the conversation is important

•use Exploding Moments--describing very important things in such small detail as to make it appear to happen in slow motion

•use short sentences to build suspense or to create a hurried mood for your reader--at times when events are happening quickly or when emotions are intense

•use longer sentences to draw out details or to create a relaxed, calmer mood for your reader--at times when events are happening slowly or when emotions are more tranquil

Pacing TechniquesFor Unimportant Details...

•omit unimportant information

•describe less important people/events/ideas in only a few details (use “telling” sentences rather than “showing” sentences)

•summarize or omit unimportant conversations

•do not write a story that spans a long period of time (like days, weeks, or months); choose ONE time period for the story and use Flashbacks to show very important information that occurs BEFORE the time period of the story

•use Flash Forwards--skip parts in time when nothing important happens

A Word of CautionBE CAREFUL--balance details carefully. Too many details OR too little action can drag on and get boring. Too few details feels rushed and confusing.

6

Adding Snapshots:Adding Snapshots:How to “Show, Not Tell” in WritingHow to “Show, Not Tell” in Writing

1. Action Words = Strong verbs◦Examples: Instead of run, use jogged, sprinted, bolted Instead of said, use whispered, shouted, exclaimed

7

2. Sensory Details = Strong Adjectives and DescriptionsSight – describe what you see, color, sizeSound – boom, bang, buzz, Smell – musty, rotten, fresh Taste – sweet, salty, sourTouch – fuzzy, prickly, squishy

Adding Snapshots:How to “Show, Not Adding Snapshots:How to “Show, Not Tell” in WritingTell” in Writing

8

3. Dialogue--Let Characters Speak for Themselves Telling:

Lindsey and Chelsea were really excited about the concert. Lindsey said she couldn’t wait, and Chelsea agreed that it would be fun.**Here, the WRITER is telling us--summarizing for us--how Lindsey and Chelsea feel.

Showing: “I can’t believe it’s here! I’ve been waiting for this

concert for weeks,” Lindsay shouted from her room as she was getting dressed.

“I know! It’s going to be a blast!” exclaimed Chelsea, while she patiently waited for Lindsay to finish getting ready. **Here, the writer lets the CHARACTERS talk about their own feelings. The writer just shows what the characters do and say.

Adding Snapshots:How to “Show, Not Adding Snapshots:How to “Show, Not Tell” in WritingTell” in Writing

9

How to “Show, Not Tell” in How to “Show, Not Tell” in WritingWriting4. Snapshot – a specific description of an important detail in the story that creates a picture for the readers to see in their minds and experience it through writing.

Snapshots SHOW, and don’t TELL.Snapshots use SENSORY DETAILS

10

ExampleExample“Telling”

◦Ryan was tired. “Showing”

◦After a long day of school followed by a 2 hour football practice, Ryan trudged back to his dorm. His eyelids drooped, and he struggled to keep them open. His backpack felt as if it were full of huge rocks. Ignoring the piles of clothes on the floor and the mountain of homework on his desk, he dropped his backpack on the floor with a BOOM. He flopped onto his soft bed, wrapped the warm blankets around his exhausted body, and closed his eyes.

11

ExampleExample“Telling”

◦Ryan was tired. “Showing”

◦After a long day of school followed by a 2 hour football practice, Ryan trudged back to his dorm. His eyelids drooped, and he struggled to keep them open. His backpack felt as if it were full of huge rocks. Ignoring the piles of wrinkled clothes on the floor and the mountain of homework on his desk, he tossed his backpack on the floor with a BOOM. He flopped onto his soft bed, wrapped the warm blankets around his exhausted body, and closed his eyes.

Strong Verbs in REDSensory Details in BLUE

12

Practice Practice Use the “telling” sentence for your row to

“show” the situation. Use action words, sensory language, dialogue, and/or snapshots in your writing.

Row 1: I am nervous. Row 2: This weather is nice. Row 3: Dinner was delicious. Row 4: Lauren is scared. Row 5: The ocean is beautiful.

ThoughtshotsThoughtshots

•There is a time in writing when it’s necessary to go into the thoughts of how you feel, what you’re thinking, dreaming, imagining, etc.

•These are called “thoughtshots.”•In a thoughtshot, you let your reader see what’s going on in the head of your characters (or yourself, if the story is about you).

Types of ThoughtshotsTypes of Thoughtshots– Flashback Thoughtshot: a character thinks back about

something that has already happened. •EX: “He remembered the first time he saw the snow...”

- Flash-Forward Thoughtshot: a character thinks about what is going to happen or what might happen in the future. Writers often use Flash-Forwards when a character is trying to make a decision.

•EX: “She thought about going to the new school. What would it be like? Would she have friends?”

- Internal Monologue: a character thinks about what he/she is experiencing or feeling at that moment.

•EX: “He thought about what the teacher had just said. His mind raced, but he didn’t know the answer. Why did she call on him? What would the other kids think if he didn’t give a correct answer?”

Examples of ThoughtshotsExamples of Thoughtshots– Flashback Thoughtshot: a character thinks back about

something that has already happened.

•From “Little Red Riding Hood”–The wolf went up to Little Red Riding Hood and told

her that he knew a shortcut. Little Red Riding Hood thought back to what her mother told her about not talking to any strangers and watching out for the wolf in the woods. But it was too late; she had already listened to the wolf’s directions.

Examples of ThoughtshotsExamples of Thoughtshots- Flash-Forward Thoughtshot: a character thinks about what

is going to happen or what might happen in the future. Writers often use Flash-Forwards when a character is trying to make a decision.

• From “The Daydreamer”-- I will buy a meal with the first coin, thought the man excitedly. With the second coin, I will gain some chickens. These chickens will grow and multiply, and I will soon have eggs. I can then sell eggs to buy some goats! As the second man walked along the dirt path, he began to imagine his very own herd of goats. I can then sell some goats to buy cows, and as the cows breed, I can sell those, as well! Soon I will have enough money to buy my own land... and I will marry... and have my own family... who will help me in the fields... and the land will give me everything I need!

Examples of ThoughtshotsExamples of Thoughtshots- Internal Monologue: a character thinks about what he/she

is experiencing or feeling at that moment.

• From “Nightmare in Blue”• It must be a cramp, George thought frantically; he’d

seen Tommy swim several times that distance. For a second he almost flung himself into the water, but then he told himself: It won’t help him for me to drown with him and if I can get Wilma there’s at least a chance….

Using Thoughtshots Using Thoughtshots •Look at your own writing piece.•Ask yourself the following...– Does the reader know the thoughts that went

through my head during my experience?– Does the reader know how I’ve grown as a result

of the experience?– Does the reader see who I really am as a result

of my thoughtshot?

•Look at the 3 kinds of thoughtshots. What types of thoughtshots would be most appropriate to help the reader understand the purpose of your story?

Off you go!!Off you go!!•Using the New Thoughtshots handout, add OR revise the thoughtshots in your story. Each page of your narrative needs AT LEAST 2.

•ADD thoughtshots if the paragraph doesn’t have any.

•REVISE the thoughtshots if the ones you have written are INEFFECTIVE or MINIMAL.

Exploding Moments

Using Snapshots and Thoughtshots to Explode the Moment

Exploding the Moment

What is it? When a moment is slowed waaaay down for

the purpose of painting a frame-by-frame picture for your reader…

Uses Snapshots Uses Thoughtshots

FlashbacksFlashforwardsInternal Monologue

Uses Baby Steps (a series of descriptions of tiny moments in a larger event)

23

Sample Sentence Take the sentence “He walked through the doorway.”

This doesn’t have much detail. It goes by very fast for the reader and doesn’t show anything important.

Now let’s explode that moment.

23

Baby Steps...

Describe the action in slow motion.

He grasped the doorknob and turned it slowly to the right.  He pushed the door inward.  He darted his eyes to the right. Nothing. He pushed the door open a little farther, and slowly moved his right foot into the room.

Add Snapshots....

He grasped the cold doorknob and turned it slowly to the right.  He pushed the door inward.  The hinges squeaked and cold air rushed past the opening door.  The room was dark.  He darted his eyes to the right.  Nothing.  He pushed the door open a little farther, and slowly moved his right foot into the room.  His shoe creaked a bit as it hit the polished hardwood floor.

Add Thoughtshots....

He grasped the cold doorknob and turned it slowly to the right.  He pushed the door inward.  The hinges squeaked and cold air rushed past the opening door.  The room was dark.  He darted his eyes to the right.  Nothing.  He pushed the door open a little farther, and slowly moved his right foot into the room.  His shoe creaked a bit as it hit the polished hardwood floor. What am I doing here? he wondered. He began to wish he’d never accepted that dare.

How Do You Feel About....

Look at the sentence “I poured milk on my sister’s head.”

What do you see in your mind?What is the writer thinking during

this event?What questions do you have for the

reader?

Exploding the Moment

Using EXPLODING MOMENTS, “I poured milk on my sister’s head” becomes....

29

A FABULOUS Exploded MomentI watched myself begin this horrible deed. My hand seemed to suddenly have a will of its own. It picked up the milk carton. The spout was already open. My arm extended over Carol’s head, tipping the carton. The liquid poured in slow, steady thick unending streams down through her long, blonde hair, soaking the back of her clothes and running onto the floor. As the milk reached the floor I shifted the spout slightly to begin another long milky journey down the front of her. It poured over her forehead, in the eyes, running in rivers down each side of her nose, converging on the chin and splashing into her pate. Her food was soon awash and the milk poured over the edge, and ran into her lap. And still I poured on--it was too late to stop now. The rapture of it all. Oh, sweet revenge.

29

30

A FABULOUS Exploded MomentCarol was shocked into absolute silence, her milk-washed eyes staring at me in total disbelief--almost uncomprehending. What had I done? I only meant to pour a little to scare her, and now it was all over--everywhere. Her chair was a four-legged island in the middle of a giant white pond in the kitchen floor. How could one quart of milk go so far? For a second or two, she didn’t react and I had a brief but fleeting prayer that she was stunned speechless. However, not for long.

“Dadddeeeee!” she screamed at the top of her lungs. The sound of glasses being knocked over the coffee table in the living room and my father charging around the corner happened simultaneously. In an instant he took in the whole scene. Horrible big sister pours milk over innocent little sister’s head. I simply couldn’t have looked much worse.

30

31

Look at the techniques used

Snapshots in REDThoughtshots in BLUE

31

32

A FABULOUS Exploded MomentI watched myself begin this horrible deed. My hand seemed to suddenly have a will of its own. It picked up the milk carton. The spout was already open. My arm extended over Carol’s head, tipping the carton. The liquid poured in slow, steady thick unending streams down through her long, blonde hair, soaking the back of her clothes and running onto the floor. As the milk reached the floor I shifted the spout slightly to begin another long milky journey down the front of her. It poured over her forehead, in the eyes, running in rivers down each side of her nose, converging on the chin and splashing into her pate. Her food was soon awash and the milk poured over the edge, and ran into her lap. And still I poured on--it was too late to stop now. The rapture of it all. Oh, sweet revenge.

32

33

A FABULOUS Exploded MomentCarol was shocked into absolute silence, her milk-washed eyes staring at me in total disbelief--almost uncomprehending. What had I done? I only meant to pour a little to scare her, and now it was all over--everywhere. Her chair was a four-legged island in the middle of a giant white pond in the kitchen floor. How could one quart of milk go so far? For a second or two, she didn’t react and I had a brief but fleeting prayer that she was stunned speechless. However, not for long.

“Dadddeeeee!” she screamed at the top of her lungs. The sound of glasses being knocked over the coffee table in the living room and my father charging around the corner happened simultaneously. In an instant he took in the whole scene. Horrible big sister pours milk over innocent little sister’s head. I simply couldn’t have looked much worse.

33

34

Now It’s Your Turn....

Find the MOST IMPORTANT event in the story you wrote for your narrative

Use BABY STEPS to put the action in SLOW MOTION

Use SNAPSHOTS to add descriptions about the five senses to SHOW and not TELL

Use THOUGHTSHOTS to show what characters are thinking

Record this on your Exploding Moments Handout 3

4

Exploding the Moment ReviewSelect a sentenceExplode that sentence by...Break the action down into a series of

tiny mini-actions (baby steps)Providing your reader with a frame-by-

frame picture of the action (details through snapshots)

Provide your reader with insights into the character’s thoughts (details through thoughtshots)