Page 15 A : Independence word web (Warm-Up) Fill in the chart with in your groups.

INDEPENDENCE

Independence Being freefreedom from the controlSelf governingIndependent LibertyNationalism Self-rule

WWII & IndependenceImagine that you live in a colonized country were you are

always being told what you can do and cannot do. WWII just ended and you fought during WWII. When you return from fighting you expect changes in your country (you want to be considered a citizen & represent your country). In contrast, when you return the colonizers are still in control and will not give the colonized citizens freedom.

How would you feel? Rebel against authorities/fight for freedom

This was how the colonized people feltThey were tiered of being treated terrible after WWIIThey pushed for independence & established their own

nations.

After WWII - Independence

The Collapse of Imperialism

Imperialist nations weakened because of WWI & WWII.

Colonized people became educated & literate: Increased resentment Considered as “second class citizens”

Decolonization: the process of becoming free of colonial status and achieving statehood.

Nationalism

-Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture.

-Sense of national identity among the colonized people.

-Colonized people who fought in WWI & WWII, felt the desire to separate themselves from their European colonial powers.

The Struggle for Independence1947 - 1962 colonies achieved independence

and statehood.Difficult and bitter process

Colonized Continents:AfricaAsiaLatin America

India (country)

Challenges of IndependenceLack of middle classEducation deficitResource depletionPopulation growth

Ethnic disputesDependent

economiesGrowing debtCultural dependenceWidespread social

unrestMilitary responses to

restore order

AFRICA

Africa was colonized by:

Britain

France

German

Portugal

Spain

Italy

*Ethiopia was never colonized. (why? Think about one of the reasons why countries colonized others.)

Christianity: Ethiopia was a Christian state that is why it was not colonized.

Independence for AfricaNationalists: an advocate of national independence

ex-servicemen unemployed & under-employed educated

Pan-Africanism movement Movement dedicated to establishing independence for

African nations.cultivated unity among black people throughout the world.

Leaders: W.E.B. Du Bois Jomo Kenyatta Kwame Nkrumah

Famous Leaders

Kwame Nkrumah President of Ghana from 1957-1966leading opponent of British Imperialism1957: Ghana was the 1st to win independence from

Great Britain.

Jomo Kenyatta 1st Prime Minister 1963–1964President of Kenya 1964–1978 founding father Kenya

Famous Leaders

Nelson MandelaSouth African anti-apartheid activist revolutionary politician President of South Africa - 1994 to 19991993 won Nobel Peace Prize

Famous Leaders

Independence for Africa

1957: The Gold Coast (Ghana) was the 1st to win independence from Great Britain.

1960: Senegal, Togo, Niger, Gabon, Chad, Mali, the Ivory Coast, Ubangi-Shari (which became the Central African Republic), Congo Republic (France).

1960: Nigeria - (Great Britain)

1962: Uganda

1962: Burundi and Rwanda – (Belgium)

Compare & Contrast