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8/8/2019 Pain and Management 2201 05
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Pain and ManagementPain and Management
Chapter 3Chapter 3
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DefinitionDefinition
Pain is a sensation of hurting or strongPain is a sensation of hurting or strong
discomfort in some part of the body, acuseddiscomfort in some part of the body, acused
by an injury, disease, or a functionalby an injury, disease, or a functionaldisorder and transmitted through thedisorder and transmitted through the
nervous system.nervous system.
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AssessmentAssessment
PP placeplace
AA amount use a pain scaleamount use a pain scale
II interactions (what makes the pain worse)interactions (what makes the pain worse) NN neutralizers (what makes the pain less)neutralizers (what makes the pain less)
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Acute/Chronic and CancerAcute/Chronic and Cancer
AcuteAcute recent onset has been experiencedrecent onset has been experienced
over a period less than 6 months.over a period less than 6 months.
ChronicChronic may be continuous ormay be continuous orintermittent, occurring over a period ofintermittent, occurring over a period of
longer than 6 months.longer than 6 months.
Cancer relatedCancer related -- --may be acute or chronic.may be acute or chronic.
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TreatmentTreatment
MedicationsMedications opioid, and nonopioid.opioid, and nonopioid.
SurgerySurgery to block the transmission of painto block the transmission of pain
or remove the cause of painor remove the cause of pain
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Alternative TherapiesAlternative Therapies
BiofeedbackBiofeedback aimed at helping gain voluntaryaimed at helping gain voluntarycontrol over normally involuntary physiologiccontrol over normally involuntary physiologicfunctions.functions.
RelaxationRelaxation used to modify muscle tensionused to modify muscle tension ImageryImagery used to produce relaxation and increaseused to produce relaxation and increase
the production of endorphins.the production of endorphins.
HypnosisHypnosis
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve StimulationTranscutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to block or reduce the transmission of(TENS) to block or reduce the transmission ofpainful impulses.painful impulses.
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Alternative TherapiesAlternative Therapies
MassageMassage consist of manipulation,consist of manipulation,
methodical pressure, friction, and kneadingmethodical pressure, friction, and kneading
of the body.of the body. This type of treatment stimulates bloodThis type of treatment stimulates blood
flow, induces relaxation, and increases theflow, induces relaxation, and increases the
production of endorphins.production of endorphins.
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Humor, Laughter, and PlayHumor, Laughter, and Play
Humor and laughter control pain in fourHumor and laughter control pain in four
ways:ways:
Distracting attentionDistracting attention Reducing tensionReducing tension
Changing expectationsChanging expectations
Increasing production of endorphinsIncreasing production of endorphins thethebodys natural pain killers.bodys natural pain killers.
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MusicMusic
Music helps alleviate pain.Music helps alleviate pain.
Put client in a more relaxed statePut client in a more relaxed state
May also have healing powersMay also have healing powers
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AcupunctureAcupuncture
Originated in China more than 5000 yearsOriginated in China more than 5000 years
agoago
Technique for treating certain painfulTechnique for treating certain painfulconditions and for producing regionalconditions and for producing regional
anesthesia via the passage of long, thinanesthesia via the passage of long, thin
needles through the skin to specific pointsneedles through the skin to specific points
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AromatherapyAromatherapy
Is the use of essential oils found in plantsIs the use of essential oils found in plants
and herbs to relieve painand herbs to relieve pain
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Therapeutic TouchTherapeutic Touch
Is a technique that has been taught to thousands ofIs a technique that has been taught to thousands of
practitioners.practitioners.
The practitioner begins the therapeutic touchThe practitioner begins the therapeutic touch
session with a client assessment wherein thesession with a client assessment wherein the
practitioner places hands 2 to 6 inches above thepractitioner places hands 2 to 6 inches above the
clients body and makes slow, rhythmic handclients body and makes slow, rhythmic hand
motions so that the clients blockages in themotions so that the clients blockages in the
energy field can be found.hand motions replenishenergy field can be found.hand motions replenish
the energy fieldthe energy field
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YogaYoga
Means union, is a system of beliefs and practices,Means union, is a system of beliefs and practices,
the goal of which is to teach mind and body unitythe goal of which is to teach mind and body unity
Generally associated with physical postures,Generally associated with physical postures,
relaxation, and regulation of breathingrelaxation, and regulation of breathing
Used to promote relaxation, aid circulation, reduceUsed to promote relaxation, aid circulation, reduce
fatigue, lower blood pressure, regulate heart rate,fatigue, lower blood pressure, regulate heart rate,
stimulate particular body areas, strengthenstimulate particular body areas, strengthenmuscles, and develop flexibilitymuscles, and develop flexibility