SAS Session

22-May-01SAS Session 2

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Overview

• What is SAS

— Statistical Analysis System / Software.

— Integrated system of software products.

• Data Entry, Retrieval, and Management.• Report Writing and Creating Graphics.• Statistical and Mathematical Analysis.• Business Forecasting and Decision Support.• Operations Research and Project Management.• Web Applications.

SAS• The SAS Language• Procedures for analysis and reporting• A Macro Facility• A Windowing Environment

22-May-01SAS Session 3

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

• Components of SAS

— Base SAS.

— STAT / GRAPH / OR / FSP / AF / IML / ASSIST / QC / CONNECT / INSIGHT / EIS / ETS / MDDB Server / ACC-PC File Formats.

Every SAS Statements Ends With a Semicolon ;

• Excel• Word• SPSS• ORACLE

• DATA• PROC• RUN / QUIT

• The LOG, Enhanced Editor, Output Window.• Help and Online Help• Explorer Window.• Tools.

Overview

• Invoke a SAS Session / Structure / Interaction

22-May-01SAS Session 4

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

• Data, Observation, and Variables

Variable / Column

Observation / Rows

DATA / TABLE

Values

Only 2 types of variables - Numeric and Character

Data - Concept

22-May-01SAS Session 5

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

• Creating SAS Data Sets

• Input…directly in the EDITOR - CARDS, DATALINES.• Access External Files…reading .txt, .dat or other flat files. • Read Existing SAS data sets.

SAS

• Manage• Analyze• Create new data

• .txt• .dat• .csv, etc

• .ssd01• .sas7bdat• .sd2

• External Files• Access through INFILE Statement• Use of FILENAME.

• SAS Data sets• Use SET Statement• USE of LIBNAME

• New SAS Data• Other Files

• PERMANENT Data

Create, Check and Store Data

PROC PRINT / PROC CONTENTS gives an idea...

22-May-01SAS Session 6

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Observations and Variables

• Subsetting

(drop = c) ;

(drop = b c) ;‘KEEP’

also could

be used

• IF• WHERE• DELETE• OBS / FIRSTOBS• OUTPUT

For Most Efficient Result Use Both...

22-May-01SAS Session 7

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

• Manipulating Variables• Assign LABEL, FORMAT.• Create New Variables from the Old Ones. • NUM & CHAR Variables.• Different Types of Functions.• NUM to CHAR and CHAR to NUM. • Sequential processing.• FORMAT, INFORMAT.• SAS Date Variables.• Missing Values

Variables

• Informat is used for reading data• Format is for printing

22-May-01SAS Session 8

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Records

• Manipulate Records• Sorting the file physically…BY, NODUPKEY, DESCENDING.• Keep the FIRST and LAST record in a group processing.• LAG and RETAIN.• Cumulate using +.• Randomize using RANUNI.• RANKing the records.

FIRST.a

Note: FIRST.a = LAST.a for unique records...

LAST.a

22-May-01SAS Session 9

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Multiple Data Sets

• Working With More Than One Data Set• Sorting and Indexing…BY variable.• Merging…IN, IF aa / bb / aa and bb.• Appending (Be Careful about the BASE data).• SET 2 Data Sets.• Smart SET-ing using BY.

Merging KEYVariable

IF aa and bb

Duplicate records in both the files produce unexpected results...

22-May-01SAS Session 10

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

• APPEND, SET, MERGE

DATA1 DATA2

DATA1DATA2

DATA2DATA1

DATA2

DATA1

• SET• BY processing possible

• MERGE• BY processing should be done

• APPEND • No BY variable • FORCE possible

Multiple Data Sets

Decide which one you need to use...

22-May-01SAS Session 11

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Data

• Advanced Data Processing• _NULL_ Data Step, PUT.• Know how a function works using _NULL_ Data. • IF, THEN, DO, END• ARRAY and DO Loops.• INFILE, FILE• Dangerous “”.

ARRAY sl[4] sale11 sale21 sale31 sale41 ;

sl(1) sl(2) sl(3) sl(4)

Usage of ARRAY simplifies the coding...

SAS

INFILEreads

external file

FILEwrites to

external file

22-May-01SAS Session 12

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Simple Procedures

PROC MEANS

Meansale = mean(sale11,sale21,sale31,sale41)

• Use of WHERE, FORMAT and TITLE.• PROC MEANS• Difference of PROC MEANS / Mean function• FREQ• UNIVARIATE• TABULATE• REG• LOGISTIC• PROC ...

• Statistical Procedures

Thousands of PROCedures...

22-May-01SAS Session 13

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

SQL

• Structured Query Language

• SELECT, FROM and GROUP BY• CREATE TABLE • COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX at an aggregate level• WHERE and ORDER BY

Data Set in SAS is TABLE in SQL...

PROC SQL ; SELECT SUM(Amt) AS Spend

FROM MyTableWHERE Month = ‘Dec’ ;

QUIT ;

22-May-01SAS Session 14

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Remote Session

• Working in the Remote Session• Signon• Rsubmit• Endrsubmit• Script File (RLINK)• UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD

TCP / IP Socket

Local SAS

Remote SAS

Confusion with local and remote data sets...

22-May-01SAS Session 15

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

&

%

Macro

• What is Macro?• & and %• %let and %put• %macro and %mend• Argument• Open Code• %global and %local• CALL SYMPUT• Invoking a macro• ‘’ and “” in a macro• MPRINT, SYMBOLGEN• %include

Data set variable and its values

Macro variable and its value.

DATA DSN_SUKIRAN ;SET OLDDSN ;WHERE UPCASE(NAME) = “SUKIRAN” ;RUN ;

OPTIONS MPRINT ;PROC PRINT DATA = DSN_SUKIRAN ;TITLE “Spending details for the person Sukiran.” ;RUN ;

SAS(Macro Processor)

Macro variables are always CHARACTER variables...

22-May-01SAS Session 16

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Digitization

SAS Does it!

• Think of Anything……SAS does it for YOU• Invoke X window command.• Advanced use of FILENAME.• Run VB Macro from SAS.• Create HTML / PDF / ActiveX / JAVA Applet using SAS.• Send EMAIL.• Interact with EXCEL• Automate, Digitize...

D:\Baseline.xls SASSASDDE,Run VB Macro

X Command

D:\States.pdfFTP,ODS

SAS is THE key...

22-May-01SAS Session 17

GE Capital - ACoEg

Version 1.0

Thank YOU...