MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Part A unit 1.1sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Books.TEXT BOOKS: 1. Principles of Management -P. C. Tripathi, P. N. Reddy; Tata McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2010. 2. Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development & Management -Vasant Desai Himalaya Publishing House. 3. Entrepreneurship Development -Small Business Enterprises -Poornima M Charantimath -Pearson Education 2006. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Management Fundamentals -Concepts, Application, Skill Development Robert Lusier Thomson. 2. Entrepreneurship Development -S S Khanka -S Chand & Co. 3. Management -Stephen Robbins -Pearson Education /PHI -17th Edition, 2003sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.2MANAGEMENT..Art of getting things Done through people. The process consisting of planning organizing controllingStaffing to determine and accomplish the use of people and resources in a systematic way..

3sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Management activitiesPlanning OrganizingDirectingStaffing.

4sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Scope of management.

5sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Roles of a managerInterpersonal roles.Informational roles.Decisional roles.

6sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Interpersonal rolesFigure headLeaderLiason.

7sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Informational rolesMonitorDisseminator.Spokesperson.

8sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Decisional rolesEntrepreneur NegotiatorResource allocator.

9sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.Managerial skills.Conceptual skills.Technical skills.HR skills.

sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.10Management is science or art?sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.11Management is art as------management involves the use of knowledge and skills.achieve concrete practical results.management is creative.management is a personalized process requires judgment and skills

sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.12Management is science establishes cause and effect relationship between different variables. contains concepts, principles and theories.principles of management have been developed through continuous observations and empirical verification.

sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.13Levels of management.Top level.Middle level.Bottom/first line level.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.14Top level management It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.15Role of top management.lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc. prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise. appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers. controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world. provides guidance and direction. responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise. sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.16Middle level management The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.17Roles of middle level managers. execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.

make plans for the sub-units of the organization.

participate in employment & training of lower level management.

interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.

responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.

sends important reports and other important data to top level management.

evaluate performance of junior managers.

responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance. sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.18Lower level managementLower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent . They are concerned with direction and controlling function of management.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.19Roles of lower level management.Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers. They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.20rolesThey communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers. They help to solve the grievances of the workers.

They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.

They are responsible for providing training to the workers.

sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.21roles arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done. prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers. ensure discipline in the enterprise. motivate workers. image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.22Management approaches.1)Early classical approaches represented by a)scientific management b)administrative management and c)bureaucracy 2) Neoclassical approaches represented by a)human relations movement and behavioral approach 3)Modern approaches represented by a)quantitative approach b)systems approach and c)contingency approachsreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.23scientific managementFredric Winslow(1856-1915) is considered as the father of Scientific management

Exerted a great influence on the development of the management through his experiment and writings.

Conducted as a series of experiments in three companies Midvale steel, Simonds Rolling machine and Bethlehem Steel while serving as a chief engineer of Midvale steel company for a period of 26 years. sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.24F.WTaylors contributions under scientific management Time and motion study

Differential payment

Scientific recruitment and training

Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the workerssreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.25Fayols Administrative managementHenry Fayol is considered as the father of administrative management(1841-1925) Where the focus is on development of broad administrative principles. Was a French mining engineer turned a leading industrialist and a successful manager. Provided a broad analytical framework of the process of administrationsreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.26Fayols 14 principles of managementDivision of workAuthority and responsibilityDisciplineUnity of commandUnity of directionSubordination of individual interest to general interestRemunerationScalar chainsreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.27Modern Management approachesBehavioral ApproachQuantitative ApproachContingency Approachsreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.28Bureaucracy German scientist Max Weber is considered to be the father of Bureaucracy. Made a study on various business and government organizations and distinguished three types of administration amongst them.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.29Leader oriented tradition oriented and bureaucratic Leader oriented: Administration is one in which there is no delegation of management functions and all employees serve as loyal subjects of a leader.

Tradition oriented: all managerial positions are handed down from generation to generation and who are you rather than what you can do becomes the primary function.

Bureaucratic oriented: is based on the persons demonstrated ability to hold the position and no person can claim particular position either because of his loyalty to the leader or because the position has been traditionally held by members of his family and the people earn positions because they are presumed to be best capable of filling them.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.30Important features of Bureaucratic AdministrationFollows standard rulesSystematic division of workPrinciple of hierarchy followedAdministrative acts, decisions and rules are recorded in writingrational personnel administration

sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.31Behavioral Approach

Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.32Quantitative ApproachOperations ResearchOperations managementManagement Information Systemsreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.33Operations ResearchOperations Research is an approach aimed at increasing decision effectiveness through the use of sophisticated mathematical models and possibilities as they can accomplish extensive calculation.

Some operations research tools are linear programming, querying, waiting line, routing and distribution models. sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.34Operations management:Operation management is a field that is responsible for managing the production and delivery function of an organizations products and services. Operations management is generally applied to manufacturing industries and uses tools such as inventory analysis, statistical quality control, networking etc.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.35Management Information SystemManagement Information System refers to the designing and implementing computer based information systems for use by the management.

Such systems turn raw data into information that is required and useful to various levels of management.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.36Contingency ApproachA view point which believes that appropriate managerial action depends on the peculiar nature of every situation.

This approach is a viewpoint which argues that there is no best way to handle problems.

Managerial action depends on the particular situation.

Hence, rather than seeking universal principles that apply to every situation, this theory attempts to identify contingency principles that prescribe actions to take depending on the situation.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.37Systems approach Provides integrated approach to management problems and the key concepts of systems approach are :-A system is a set of independent partsConcept of considering the system as a whole: System can be either open or closedEvery system has a boundarysreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.38A system is a set of independent parts

Structure subsystem: refers to the formal division of authority and responsibility, communication channels and workflow. People subsystem: refers to the employees with their motives, attitudes and values and the informal organization. Technology subsystem: refers to the tools and equipment as well as techniques which are used by the organization to perform the task. sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.39Concept of considering the system as a wholeMeans that no part of the system can be analyzed and understood apart from the whole system and conversely, the whole system cannot be accurately perceived without understanding all its parts.

Each part bears a relation of interdependence to every other part which rather than dealing separately with the various parts of the organization as a whole.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.40System can be either open or closedOpen system is one which interacts with its environment and closed system is one which is independent of the environment.sreoshidasgupta/nhce/civil5thsem.41