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Part II:
Biotic Indicators
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
TEMPERATURE
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
TEMPERATURE
Optimal Temperature Range
Organism Temp(°C)
Trout 5-20
Smallmouth Bass 5-28
Caddisfly larvae 10-25
Mosquito larvae 10-25
Carp 10-25
Catfish 20-25
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Dissolved Oxygen
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Dissolved Oxygen
Minimum DO Requirements
Organism DO (mg/l)
Trout 6.5
Smallmouth Bass 6.5
Caddisfly larvae4.0
Carp 2.0
Catfish 2.5
Mosquito larvae1.0
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
pH
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
pH
Effects of pH on aquatic life
pH Effect
4.0-4.5 All fish, most frogs, insects absent
5.0-5.5 Bacteria die. Detritus accumulates, locking up essential nutrients.
6.5-8.2 Optimal for most organisms
11.0-11.5 Rapidly lethal to all species of fish
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Total Dissolved Solids
Natural TDS come from rocks and soil from the watershed that drains into the stream, river, pond or lake. Changes in TDS can indicate a problem. If salts are high, dehydration occurs. Solids cause a laxative effect. Dissolved minerals can affect the pH, raising or lowering depending on the ions present. Range: 50-250 mg/lPhoto: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Turbidity
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms?
Turbidity
High turbidity decreases sunlight which decreases the rate of photosynthesis. Water that is highly turbid will warm faster, decreasing the dissolved oxygen available for respiration of all organisms.
Photo: M.B. Elder
How do we know what is living in a freshwater
environment?
Photo: M.B. Elder
Photo: Smith Mountain Lake
Includes
•Insects
•Crustaceans
•Mollusks
•Sensitive to Changes
•Cannot easily escape changes
•Collected very easily
What do macroinvertebrates do?
Job Example
• Predators dragonfly, damselfly, beetles
• Filter feeders mussels, fly larvae, midge larvae
• Scrapers snails, mayfly larvae
• Collectors worms, planarians
• Shredders amphipods, caddisfly larvae
Group A: Very sensitive to Environmental Stresses
Stoneflies Mayflies Caddisflies Dobsonflies Water penny
Group B: Somewhat sensitive to Environmental Stresses
Dragonflies Craneflies Damselflies Crayfish Scuds
Group C: Tolerant to Environmental Stresses
Midges Leeches Snails Pouch SnailsBlackfly larva
Conclusion:
•Freshwater organisms-the Biotic part of the Freshwater environment- have “Limits” or “Optimal ranges” in water quality where they prefer to live.
•The quality of water can be determined by what and how many organisms are living in that environment.
•Macroinvertebrates are used to evaluate the quality and history of the water environment.
End Power Point 2: “Biotic Indicators”
Photo credits-Used with permission1. R.B. Elder2. M.B. Elder3. M.B. Elder4. M.B. Elder5. M.B. Elder6. M.B. Elder7. M.B. Elder8. M.B. Elder9. M.B. Elder10.M.B. Elder11.M.B. Elder12.M.B. Elder
13. M.B. Elder14. M.B. Elder15.M.B. Elder16. M.B.Elder17. M.B. Elder18. Smith Mountain Lake19. Clipart20 clipart21. Clipart22. Clipart23. Clipart24. clipart