Parts of Speech Review

Nouns

Nouns

A word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea

Compound Nouns

2 words for the price of 1One word: grandfather, baseball, footballHyphenated word: mother-in-law, light-yearTwo words (that go together): grand piano,

jumping jack

What do these words have in common?

Eiffel Tower

Pirates of the Caribbean

Ms. Foster

President Obama

Brian

London

Auburn

“Lost”

Harry Potter

Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief

Atlanta Braves

“Single Ladies”

Proper noun: names a particular person, place, thing, or idea

Which president? President ObamaWhich teacher? Ms. FosterWhich totally awesome literary character?

Harry PotterWhich favorite TV show of Ms. Foster? LostProper nouns begin with a capital letter.

What do these words have in common?country

girl

dog

hairspray

freedom

religion

truth

song

movie

table

chicken

shoe

language

toothpaste

Common noun: names any person, place, thing, or idea (or group of people, places, things, or ideas.)

Common nouns are usually not capitalized.

What is the difference between the two categories?

bridge

Jordan-Hare Stadium

chicken wing

Daisy

Strawberry

Music

Johnny Depp

love

fun

truth

wisdom

Judaism

self-esteem

humor

Concrete noun: names a person, place, or thing that can be seen, heard, tasted, touched, or smelled

Abstract noun: names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic

It cannot be touched, heard, seen, tasted, or smelled.

Collective Nouns

A word that names a group

Examples: herd, team, family, crew, batch, class, jury, committee

Pronouns

Who is he?

He went to Publix yesterday.In his cart, he had bread, milk, and cheese.He was in line at the check-out counter.He handed him $10.50.He unloaded the groceries into his car.When he was backing out of his parking spot,

he hit his car.

He is…

He went to Publix yesterday.

In his cart, he had bread, milk, and cheese.

He was in line at the check-out counter.

He handed him $10.50.He unloaded the

groceries into his car.When he was backing

out of his parking spot, he hit his car.

Matt went to Publix yesterday.

In his cart, Matt had bread, milk, and cheese.

He was in line at the check-out counter.

Kerry, the check-out guy, handed Matt $10.50.

Brian unloaded the groceries into Matt’s car.

When he was backing out of his parking spot, Matt hit John’s car.

On the other hand…

Ms. Fralish is my roommate. Ms. Fralish is a coach at the high school. Ms. Fralish’s students call Ms. Fralish Ms. FrayFray. Ms. Fralish likes to sing in the car on the way to school. When other drivers see Ms. Fralish, they might think Ms. Fralish is talking to Ms. Fralish.

Pronouns

Pronoun: a word that is used in place of one or more nouns (or pronouns).

The word or word group that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent.

Example: When other drivers see Ms. Fralish, they might think

Ms. Fralish is talking to Ms. Fralish.

When other driver see Ms. Fralish, they might think she is talking to herself.

Types of Pronouns

WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

Verbs

What are they doing?

What are they doing?

The Saints celebrate their victory.

Action Verbs

Action verb: expresses physical or mental activity

Serena Williams swings her racket.Tim Tebow throws the football.Michael Phelps swims really fast.Lee Dewyze sang on the American Idol stage.The Saints celebrated their victory.

Who is she???

Linking Verbs

Linking verb: A verb that expresses a state of being. It connects, or links, the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes that subject.

Example: Beyonce is a singer.

More examples:Beyonce seems nice.Beyonce sounds amazing.

More Examples of Linking Verbs

Serena Williams is a tennis player.

Tim Tebow remained focused at the game.

Michael Phelps becomes a fish in the water.

Lee Dewyze is this year’s American Idol.

Helping Verbs

Helping verb: “helps” the main verb express action or state of being. In other words, it helps the linking verb or action verb.

Examples: can sing, did swim, has taught

Look on page 96 for more examples of helping verbs.

THE PAINT OF LANGUAGE

Adjectives

Adjectives

Adjective: a word that is used to modify (or describe) a noun or pronoun

Tells what kind, which one, how much, or how many about a noun

What kind? Curly hair, young kids, busy dentist

Which one? Seventh grade, that road, any movie

How much/many? Many days, ten dollars, no pens

Articles, a type of adjective

a, an, and the

Definite article: refers to something in particular (the) Example: Where is the blanket?

Indefinite articles: refer to any member of a general group (a and an)

Example: A blanket is in the cabinet.

*Remember, a is used before words beginning with consonant sounds. An is used before words beginning with vowel sounds.

Adjectives

Some words that typically stand alone as nouns may be used as adjectives in some circumstances.

taco (noun) taco soup (adjective)

See page 81 for more examples.

Adverb

Adverbs

Adverb: a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

Adverbs answer: Where? When? How? How often? How long? To what extent? How much?

Adverbs may come before, after, or between the words they modify.

Preposition

PrepositionPreposition: A word that shows the relationship of

a noun or pronoun to another word.Notice how a preposition changes a sentence:

The dog next to the mailbox is mine.The dog in front of the mailbox is mine.The dog near the mailbox is mine.

How does the relationship change between the dog and the mailbox?

Please refer to page 104 for a list of commonly used prepositions.

The Prepositional Phrase

Preposition + Noun (object of the preposition) + any modifiers= prepositional phrase

The dog in front of the mailbox is mine.

in front of= prepositionthe= modifiermailbox=object of the preposition

The Prepositional Phrase

A preposition may have more than one object.

Allie’s phone call to Frank and Chris contained happy news.

Objects of the preposition may have modifiers.

She hid beneath the moss-covered bridge.

Conjunction

Conjunctions

Conjunction: a word that joins words or word groups

Coordinating conjunctions: join words or word groups that are used in the same way

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

Examples

Mike or Brook (2 nouns)

Strict but fair (2 adjectives)

Over the river and through the woods (2 prepositional phrases)

Subway is good, but Chic-fil-A is better. (2 independent clauses)

Interjection

Interjection

Interjection: a word that expresses emotion

An interjection has no grammatical relationship to the other parts of the sentence.

Usually, an interjection is followed by an exclamation point. Sometimes, the interjection is set off by a comma.

Commonly used interjections: aha, oops, well, wow, yikes, yippee, rats