Parts of Speech 11 Regular English Grammar Review

Parts of SpeechParts of Speech

11 Regular English11 Regular English

Grammar ReviewGrammar Review

NounsNouns

A A nounnoun is a word that names a is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: brother, porch, television, truthbrother, porch, television, truth

A A common nouncommon noun is a general name is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. for a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: man, holiday, language, cityEx: man, holiday, language, city

A A proper nounproper noun is the name of a is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or particular person, place, thing, or idea. Capitalize proper nouns. Ex: idea. Capitalize proper nouns. Ex: Einstein, Labor Day, Spanish, MiamiEinstein, Labor Day, Spanish, Miami

NounsNouns

Singular nounsSingular nouns name one person, name one person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: award, place, thing, or idea. Ex: award, horse, knife, womanhorse, knife, woman

Plural nounsPlural nouns name more than one. name more than one. Ex: awards, horses, knives, womenEx: awards, horses, knives, women

A A collective nouncollective noun names a group – names a group – people or things that are regarded people or things that are regarded as one unit. Ex: tribe, litter, flock, as one unit. Ex: tribe, litter, flock, committee, batchcommittee, batch

NounsNouns

A A concrete nounconcrete noun names something names something perceptible to the senses – something that perceptible to the senses – something that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire, computertasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire, computer

An An abstract nounabstract noun names something that names something that cannot be perceived through the senses, cannot be perceived through the senses, such as an idea, quality, emotion, or state. such as an idea, quality, emotion, or state. An abstract noun names something you An abstract noun names something you can think about but cannot see or touch. can think about but cannot see or touch. Ex: jealousy, freedom, lazinessEx: jealousy, freedom, laziness

NounsNouns

A A compound nouncompound noun consists of two or more consists of two or more words used together as a single noun. A words used together as a single noun. A compound noun may be written as one compound noun may be written as one word, as two words, or as a hyphenated word, as two words, or as a hyphenated word. Ex: bookcase, ice cream, great-word. Ex: bookcase, ice cream, great-grandmother, sunshine, New Yorkgrandmother, sunshine, New York

A A possessive nounpossessive noun shows ownership or shows ownership or belonging. Add an apostrophe and s to a belonging. Add an apostrophe and s to a singular noun; add only an apostrophe to a singular noun; add only an apostrophe to a plural noun ending in s. Ex: dog’s, horses’, plural noun ending in s. Ex: dog’s, horses’, women’swomen’s

Now You TryNow You Try

Complete questions 1-10 on page 2 Complete questions 1-10 on page 2 of your grammar workbook. of your grammar workbook.

PronounsPronouns

A A pronounpronoun is a word used in place of is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The a noun or another pronoun. The word that a pronoun stands for is word that a pronoun stands for is called its called its antecedentantecedent. Ex: Jasmine is . Ex: Jasmine is celebrating celebrating herher birthday. birthday.

Personal pronounsPersonal pronouns refer to the first refer to the first person (I), second person (you), and person (I), second person (you), and third person (he, she, it). Ex: third person (he, she, it). Ex: I I think think youyou should be nice to should be nice to himhim. .

PronounsPronouns

The The nominative casenominative case is used for is used for subjects and predicate nominatives. subjects and predicate nominatives. Ex: Ex: SheShe let me borrow her helmet. let me borrow her helmet.

The The objective caseobjective case is used for is used for objects of verbs and prepositions. objects of verbs and prepositions. Ex: She let Ex: She let me me borrow her helmet. borrow her helmet.

The The possessive casepossessive case is used to show is used to show ownership or belonging. Ex: She let ownership or belonging. Ex: She let me borrow me borrow herher helmet. helmet.

PronounsPronouns

A A possessive pronounpossessive pronoun shows shows ownership or belonging. Possessive ownership or belonging. Possessive pronouns used to replace nouns: pronouns used to replace nouns: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs. Possessive pronouns used as theirs. Possessive pronouns used as adjectives to modify nouns: my, adjectives to modify nouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their. your, his, her, its, our, their.

PronounsPronouns

Reflexive and Intensive: Both reflexive Reflexive and Intensive: Both reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by and intensive pronouns are formed by adding - self or – selves to a personal adding - self or – selves to a personal pronoun. A pronoun. A reflexive pronounreflexive pronoun reflects reflects back on a preceding noun or pronoun. back on a preceding noun or pronoun. Ex: Kim helped herself to seconds on the Ex: Kim helped herself to seconds on the buffet. An buffet. An intensive pronounintensive pronoun add add emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence. Ex: No one asked the same sentence. Ex: No one asked the doctor herself if she needed help. doctor herself if she needed help.

PronounsPronouns

An An interrogative pronouninterrogative pronoun is used to ask a is used to ask a question. Ex: who, whom, which, what, question. Ex: who, whom, which, what, whosewhose

A A demonstrative pronoundemonstrative pronoun points out points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. specific persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex: this, these, (near in space or time) Ex: this, these, (near in space or time) that, those (distant in space or time)that, those (distant in space or time)

A A relative pronounrelative pronoun introduces a introduces a subordinate clause. Ex: who, whom, subordinate clause. Ex: who, whom, which, what, thatwhich, what, that

PronounsPronouns

An An indefinite pronounindefinite pronoun does not refer does not refer to a specific person or thing. Ex: to a specific person or thing. Ex: Someone, another, anybody, anyone, Someone, another, anybody, anyone, everybody, both, few, many, all , everybody, both, few, many, all , any, more, most, none, some, etc.any, more, most, none, some, etc.


Complete questions 1-10 of the first Complete questions 1-10 of the first section on page 5 of your grammar section on page 5 of your grammar workbook.workbook.

VerbsVerbs

A A verbverb is a word used to express action, is a word used to express action, condition, or state of being. condition, or state of being.

An An action verbaction verb expresses an action expresses an action (physical or mental). Ex: create, steal, (physical or mental). Ex: create, steal, visualize, believe, know. Action verbs visualize, believe, know. Action verbs may be transitive or intransitive. A may be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verbtransitive verb transfers the action from transfers the action from the subject toward a direct object. Ex: A the subject toward a direct object. Ex: A group of volunteers painted a mural on group of volunteers painted a mural on the wall. the wall.

VerbsVerbs An An intransitive verbintransitive verb does not transfer does not transfer

action so it does not have an object. Ex: I action so it does not have an object. Ex: I waitedwaited patiently. patiently.

A linking verb connects the subject with a A linking verb connects the subject with a word or words that identify or describe word or words that identify or describe the subject. Ex: Judge Bianca the subject. Ex: Judge Bianca isis also a also a professor of law. The decision professor of law. The decision remains remains his. his.

Auxiliary verbsAuxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, , also called helping verbs, help indicate voice, mood, or tense. Ex: help indicate voice, mood, or tense. Ex: The officers The officers had beenhad been planning a surprise planning a surprise retirement party. retirement party.


Complete questions 1-6 on page 7 of Complete questions 1-6 on page 7 of your grammar workbook. your grammar workbook.

Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers – Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers –

they describe other words in a sentence. they describe other words in a sentence. An An adjectiveadjective modifies a noun or a modifies a noun or a

pronoun. Ex: Hawaii has pronoun. Ex: Hawaii has titanictitanic waves. waves. An adjective qualifies or specifies the An adjective qualifies or specifies the

meaning of the noun it modifies. It meaning of the noun it modifies. It answers one of these questions: What answers one of these questions: What kind? Which one? How many? How kind? Which one? How many? How much? Nouns, pronouns, and even much? Nouns, pronouns, and even articles can function as adjectives. articles can function as adjectives.

Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs

An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Ex: The waves crash or another adverb. Ex: The waves crash very dangerously. very dangerously.

Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer these questions about the words they these questions about the words they modify: How? Where? When? To what modify: How? Where? When? To what extent?extent?

The word not is an adverb that tells to The word not is an adverb that tells to what extent. Do not confuse it as part of what extent. Do not confuse it as part of the verb. the verb.



PrepositionsPrepositions

A A prepositionpreposition is a word used to show is a word used to show the relationship between a noun or the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the pronoun and some other word in the sentence. Ex: He yelled sentence. Ex: He yelled toto the child. the child. He yelled He yelled atat the child. He yelled the child. He yelled aboutabout the child. He yelled the child. He yelled nearnear the the child. child.


A preposition always introduces a A preposition always introduces a phrase called a phrase called a prepositional phraseprepositional phrase, , which ends in a noun or pronoun which ends in a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. called the object of the preposition. If the object has modifiers, they are If the object has modifiers, they are also part of the prepositional phrase. also part of the prepositional phrase. Ex: Drag the cursor Ex: Drag the cursor to the very last to the very last item.item.


A A compound prepositioncompound preposition is a is a preposition that consists of more preposition that consists of more than one word. Ex: according to, in than one word. Ex: according to, in addition to, prior to, by means of, on addition to, prior to, by means of, on account of, in place of, in spite of, account of, in place of, in spite of, aside from. aside from.



Conjunctions and Conjunctions and InterjectionsInterjections

A A conjunctionconjunction is a word used to join is a word used to join words or groups of words. words or groups of words.

A A coordinating conjunctioncoordinating conjunction connects connects words or groups of words that have words or groups of words that have equal importance in a sentence. Ex: and, equal importance in a sentence. Ex: and, but, or, for, so yet, norbut, or, for, so yet, nor

A A conjunctive adverbconjunctive adverb is an adverb used is an adverb used to clarify the relationship between to clarify the relationship between clauses of equal weight in a sentence. clauses of equal weight in a sentence. Ex: We figured Noah wasn’t home; Ex: We figured Noah wasn’t home; still,still, we rang his doorbell. we rang his doorbell.


Correlative conjunctionsCorrelative conjunctions are pairs of are pairs of conjunctions that connect words or conjunctions that connect words or groups of words. Always used in groups of words. Always used in pairs, they correlate with one pairs, they correlate with one another. Ex: Neither . . . nor, another. Ex: Neither . . . nor, either . . . or, not only . . . but alsoeither . . . or, not only . . . but also

Subordinating conjunctionsSubordinating conjunctions introduce introduce subordinate clauses – clauses that subordinate clauses – clauses that cannot stand alone. Ex: cannot stand alone. Ex: AfterAfter Paco Paco tried snowboarding, he was hooked. tried snowboarding, he was hooked.


An An interjectioninterjection is a word or short is a word or short phrase used to express emotion. It phrase used to express emotion. It has no grammatical connection to has no grammatical connection to other words in a sentence. other words in a sentence. Interjections are usually set off from Interjections are usually set off from the rest of a sentence by a comma or the rest of a sentence by a comma or exclamation mark. Ex: exclamation mark. Ex: Wow!Wow! We We won! won! My,My, I have heard everything I have heard everything now. now.



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Parts of Speech 11 Regular English Grammar Review