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Voz Pasiva (1)
Observa la diferencia entre estos dos grupos de oraciones:
- She ate an apple. An apple was eaten(by her).
-Jill washed the dishes. The dishes were washed(by Jill).
- They buy the newspaper on Sundays.The newspaperi s bought(by
them) on Sundays.
- We feed the dog every day. The dogis fed(by us) every day.
Las oraciones del primer grupo estn en voz activa y las del
segundo en pasiva. Al transformaruna oracin activa en otra pasiva
el sujeto y la forma verbal cambian.
Puede ser el complemento directo de la oracin activa el que pasa
a ser el sujeto de laoracin pasiva:
She ate an apple. An applewas eaten (by her).(an apple =
complemento directo) (an apple = sujeto)
La estructura verbal de las oraciones pasivas es esta:
sujeto + verbo to be(en cualquier tiempo) + participio pasado
del verbo principal
She at ean apple. An apple waseaten(by her).(ate = pasado simple
de eat) (was eaten = pasado de to be + participio de eat)
ACTIVA PASIVA
Ireada book every week. A bookis readby me every week.
She i s cookingdinner now. Dinneri s being cookedby her now.
Theyboughttoo many vegetables. Too many vegetables were boughtby
them.
Theywere discussingthe film. The film was being discussed.
Ihave doneall the work. All the workhas been don eby me.
Weve been readingthat book. That bookhas been beingread. (poco
frecuente)
She had c leanedeverything. Everythinghad b een c leanedby
her.
Theyhad been learningthat. Thathad been being learntby them.
(muy pocofrecuente)
Iwil l paythat. Thatwil l be paidby me.
Hel l have finishedthe work. The workwil l have been
finished.
El sujeto agente (la persona o cosa que realiza la accin) se
puede indicar en la oracin pasivasi se desea. Tiene que ir
precedido de by:
Sheate an apple. An apple was eaten (by her).(she = sujeto) (by
her= sujeto agente)
Pero muchas veces no se menciona quien realiza la accin en la
pasiva porque se entiende por elcontexto o no interesa.
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El complemento indirecto de una oracin activa puede convertirse
tambin en el sujeto deuna oracin pasiva, algo que no es posible en
espaol:
His parents gave h ima present. Hewas given a present by his
parents.(him = CI, apresent= CD) A p resentwas given to him by his
parents.
Otros ejemplos:
- They toldherthe truthShewas told the truth.
- He paidmeIwas paid by him.
- They senth ima letterHewas sent a letter.
La voz pasiva se usa con mucha ms frecuencia en ingls que en
espaol.
No todos los verbos se pueden utilizar en voz pasiva. sta es slo
posible con los verbostransitivos, es decir, con aquellos que
necesitan ir acompaados de un complemento directo.
Ejemplos de oraciones que slo son posibles en voz activa:
- I went to the cinema.- Shell become a doctor when she grows
up.- We arent happy in this company.
