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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Xkdek hc F`itcibh`

Xkdek hc F`itcibh` ........................................................................4

Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf` ........................6Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu ...............................................................6

Qrcgkfb` .........................................................................................6

Ek H`ftrbik hce @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc cs Qr`guihk...........................3

Ce Ecimukjc Hbkrb` y ce Ecimukjc hce Hlkrok. ................................7

Ce Qrbifbpb` hc ek @rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc...................................;1

Ek H`ftrbik hc ek @rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc cs ek Wcrhkh Qcrgcftk ;=

[u cs ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc0..........................................;

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`

Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Qrcgkfb`

Cxtrkft`s trkhufbh`s ke bimes hc ek vcrsbi flbik p`r J`lis`i Vuopb`.Xrkhufbh` ke cspk`e p`r Tcv. Rbi Zlb Vlknyk, @LR

Ek h`ftrbik hc Qktbffkskouppkhk (ce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc) quc guccisckhk p`r ce Duhk cs pr`guihk> y p`r f`isbmubcitc, ek oky`rk hc ekspcrs`iks i` puchci citcihcr ek ecy hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc. I` `dstkitc,cs tki vebhk l`y ci hk, f`o` e` guc fukih` ce Duhk ec cxpebf ek h`ftrbik

ke Wci. Kikihk lkfc ui`s 4311 k`s. Ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc,ce f`rkzi hce Duhbso`, cs tki hbgfbe hc f`oprcihcr quc eks pcrs`iksf`octci scrb`s crr`rcs ke citcihcrek, y hc cstk okicrk hbst`rsb`iki ceHlkook hce Duhk. Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu rcvcek ek rkz hc eks hbst`rsb`icsy fubhkh`skocitc ek cxkobik, cstuhbk y kikebzk ci cstc ebdr`. Ek rkz hceks hbst`rsb`ics/oke bitcrprctkfb`ics/gkesbgbfkfb`ics/prcjubfb`s sc puchctrkzkr ci rctr`fcs` lkstk ce pcr`h` prbobtbv` hce Duhbso`, pcr` ceprbocr` y os kitbmu` rcmbstr` pcrtbicitc sc puchc cif`itrkr ci cecisky` csfrbt` p`r Duhhlkml`sk;lkfc ;311 k`s.

Eks cisckizks hc ouflks csfuceks f`ivcifb`ikecs csti dkskhks ci cecisky` hc Duhhlkml`sk. K trkvs hc trktkr eks oke bitcrprctkfb`ics `hbst`rsb`ics hce Hlkook hce Duhk ci e`s cisky`s hc Duhhlkml`sk f`o`f`sks rcmuekrcs cee`s `sfurcfbcr`i ek Wcrhkh. Duhhlkml`sk cxpebf ekh`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc dkskh` ci ek bhck hc trcs tbcop`s hc vbhkf`icftkh`s (pkskh`, prcscitc y gutur`). Hc kfucrh` k cstk bhck, ekbmi`rkifbk y kffbi ci ce pkskh` hb` ikfbobcit` ke prcscitc> eksf`iscfucifbks hc eks kffb`ics pkskhks s`i p`r e` tkit` cxpcrbocitkhksci ce prcscitc. Ce pr`fcs` fkusk iucstrk bisktbsgkffbi c brrbtkfbi (hcdbh`ke hcsc` y ce kpcm`) ci ek vbhk prcscitc, obcitrks ek trksobmrkfbi ^ce

;Dlkhkitkfkrbyk Duhhlkml`sk guc ui f`ocitkrbstk y cruhbt` Duhbstk Xlcrkvkhk Bihb`hce sbme` W. Vu i`odrc sbmibgbfk Ek W`z hce Duhk ci ce ecimukjc Qkeb. Vu ocj`r trkdkj`cs ce Wbsuhhlbokmmk, ` Fkobi` hc ek Qurbgbfkfbi, ui rcsuoci y kiebsbs f`oprcisbv`hce citcihbobcit` Xlcrkvkhk hce fkobi` hce Duhk lkfbk ek ebdcrkfbi. Eksbitcrprctkfb`ics pr`vchks p`r Duhhlkml`sk lki f`istbtubh` mcicrkeocitc cecitcihbobcit` `rt`h`x` hc eks csfrbturks Xlcrkvkhks, p`r e` oci`s hcshc ce sbme` \\B FC.e cs mcicrkeocitc rcf`i`fbh` p`r cruhbt`s @ffbhcitkecs y Xlcrkvkhks f`o` ce osbop`rtkitc f`ocitkrbstk Xlcrkvkhk.

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http://www.gaya.org.tw/publisher/fain/pdo/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuddhimaggahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuddhimaggahttp://www.gaya.org.tw/publisher/fain/pdo/index.htm

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

pr`fcs` ffebf` hc ek oucrtc y rcikfbobcit` ` soskrk_ i`s ebdcrk hcikfbobcit`s y sugrbobcit`s ci eks vbhks guturks. Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlucxkobik csk bitcrprctkfbi y pekitck eks sbmubcitcs prcmuitks hcfbsbvks:Vb ce Duhk cisc ek kuscifbk hc cm` (kikttk), cit`ifcs, quobmrk hc uik vbhk k ek prxbok0 Vb ek fkusk hce sugrbobcit` cst

bopekitkhk ci uik vbhk y sus f`iscfucifbks cocrmci ci `trk,fo` i`s ebdcrko`s hce sugrbobcit` ci iucstrk prftbfk ci cstkvbhk0

Si citcihbobcit` pr`pb` hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc ` ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cs cscifbke. I`s pcrobtc skdcr quc ce f`ifcpt` hc ui cm` cshcpcihbcitc hc vkrbks f`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs. Xkodbi i`s ebdcrk hc ekfrccifbk crrick hc ui y` ctcri`. Ce y` ` ce cm` i` cst prcscitc. Ekbhck hc ui cm` surmc ` sc eecvk k cgcft` f`itbiukocitc k trkvs hc ekBmi`rkifbk. Ce fbttk ^p`hrk sbmibgbfkr ` bihbfkr ce f`rkzi ` ek ocitchcpcihbcih` ci ce f`itcxt`_ bmi`rkitc, cs cimkkh` k trkvs hcokibgcstkfb`ics bigbibtks quc s`stbcici ek beusbi hc ui y` ctcri`. F`o`Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu sckek, ce Duhk cisc ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmcihcpcihbcitc pkrk kyuhkri`s k vcr eks beusb`ics/e`s cimk`s. Ek bhck hc uipr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc quc bifeuyc trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk,bopebfk quc kem` vk hc uik vbhk k ek prxbok. Cs f`itrkrbk k e` quc ceDuhk cisc, y s`fkvk eks cisckizks hce Duhk.

Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu tbcic uik dksc gucrtc ci su bitcrprctkfbi hc ekh`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc. e cvkhc e`s cisky`s y sc rcgbcrchbrcftkocitc k e`s suttks Qkeb `rbmbikecs f`o` gucitc. e sc cig`fk ci ek

kpebfkfbi prftbfk hc eks cisckizks hce Duhk p`r ce dcicgbfb` hc e`sprkftbfkitcs quc bitcitki ebdcrkrsc hce sugrbobcit` ci cstk obsok vbhk. Ekh`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc cs hc lcfl` ui kiebsbs f`oprcisbv` hcef`obciz` y ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. Fukih` sc citbcihc ek ecy hcesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, vco`s fekrkocitc fo` ek prftbfk sc puchceecvkr k fkd`. K trkvs hc cig`fkri`s ci ce bistkitc hce F`itkft`, ui`puchc hcskrr`eekr Vkdbhurk y prcvcibr ce f`obciz` hce sugrbobcit` p`rquce`s gkft`rcs f`itrbdutbv`s pkrk ce f`obciz` y ek fcskfbi cxbstci ci cscbistkitc. Vb ek bmi`rkifbk f`iguihc k fbttk ^ce f`rkzi ` ek ocitc_, cesugrbobcit` `furrc> pcr` sb ek Ktcifbi ` Kecrtk F`rrcftk y ek Vkdbhurk

puchci sudyumkr/f`iqubstkr/h`obikr eks Vcbs Tkfcs (`j`s, `h`s, ikrbz,ecimuk, fucrp` y ocitc) ce sugrbobcit` fcsk. Ci cstk g`rok ek h`ftrbik hce`rbmci hcpcihbcitc sc puchc prkftbfkr p`rquc eks fkusks y eksf`iscfucifbks, kodks, cxbstci ci cstk vbhk, h`ihc cstikffcsbdecs/kscqubdecs. Vb eks fkusks hce sugrbobcit` cxbstci ci ek vbhkprcvbk, f`o` Duhhlkml`sk hbj`, cit`ifcs ce ebdcrkrsc ui` obso` hce

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sugrbobcit` ci cstk vbhk cs bop`sbdec p`rquc ek fkusk hce sugrbobcit` csbikffcsbdec y p`r e` tkit` bop`sbdec.

Cstc ebdr` cs ouy bop`rtkitc pkrk e`s cstuhbkitcs scrb`s hce Duhbso`. esckek eks cqubv`fkfb`ics, y i`s muk k ek cisckizk `rbmbike hce Duhk quc

sc cifucitrk ci e`s suttks Qkeb. I`s`tr`s tcico`s ek cspcrkizk quc cstcebdr` kfekrc ` hcspcjc ek okrkkeks h`ftrbiks cscifbkecs f`igusksykyuhc k t`h`s k citcihcr ce sugrbobcit` y k hcsfudrbr ek pkz ctcrik.

Ek H`ftrbik hce @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc cs Qr`guihk

Ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc, ce f`rkzi ` cscifbk hce Duhbso`, cspr`guihk. Q`r csk rkzi, cst hcstbikhk k hcs`vkr fbcrt`s tcoks ` ksuit`s.Cs`s tcoks puchci p`icr ci pcebmr` ce Duhbso`, y lkfcr hcskpkrcfcr `qubtkr e`s dcicgbfb`s hc eks h`ftrbiks rcebmb`sks hc e`s duhbstks. CeWcicrkdec Kikihk uik vcz ec hbj` ke Duhk quc lkdk cif`itrkh` ekh`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc cvbhcitc y gfbe hc f`oprcihcr. Ce Duhk ecf`itcst: Kikihk, i` hbmks cs`. Ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc cstki pr`guihk quc e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs s`i bifkpkfcs hc f`oprcihcrek.Cee`s s`i bifkpkfcs hc citcihcr e` quc y` cisc`> sbobekrocitc, cee`s s`ibifkpkfcs hc pcrfbdbr ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.F`iscfucitcocitc, cee`s sc quchki pcrpecj`s ke bmuke quc f`i uik okhcjkcirchkhk ` f`i ce rcv`etbj` hc ek pkjk hc lci`. Cee`s i` sc puchci ebdcrkrhc e`s sugrbobcit`s, hce cstkh` hc prbvkfbi ^kpkkyk-dluob_, hc ek

hcmcicrkfbi y ek trksobmrkfbi4.

Cstk pkrtc hce suttk i`s hbfc quc i` trktco`s ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmcihcpcihbcitc k ek ebmcrk> quc ui` hcdc hchbfkr su ocitc c bitcecft` kecstuhb` hc ek h`ftrbik.

Eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks, sbi codkrm`, csti kf`stuodrkhks ke f`ifcpt`hc ek cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk6. Cee`s t`hkvk pcrfbdci ui cm`> p`r e` tkit`,cifucitrki ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc, pr`guihk y hbgfbe hcf`oprcihcr. Qkrk cee`s ek h`ftrbik cs uik gbe`s`gk bitrbifkhk cbif`oprcisbdec, sbobekr k uik d`ek hc lbe` circhkhk. Q`r e` tkit`, cee`smkstki oufl` csgucrz` hcdktbcih`, ke bmuke quc e`s l`odrcs fbcm`s quc

44. bitr. Hbfl` hc ui keok: Qkskr hc ui fucrp` k `tr`, scmi `pbiki qubcics frcci ci ekoctcopsbf`sbs.X`okh` hce hbffb`ikrb` hc ek Ecimuk Cspk`ek6F`itbiu`, iuk ;. Khj. [uc hurk, `drk, sc lkfc ` sc cxtbcihc sbi bitcrrupfbi.4. khj.Hbfl` hc h`s ` os f`sks: [uc tbcici uibi citrc s. 6. o. X`h` f`opucst` hc pkrtcsuibhks citrc s.

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http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=transmigrarhttp://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=transmigrar

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

hbsfutci citrc cee`s fukih` trktki hc hcsfrbdbr eks hbgcrcitcs pkrtcs hc uicecgkitc.

Ce f`i`fbobcit` hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ec eecmk ikturkeocitc k uikrlkit. Si krlkit e` trktk f`o` uik fbcifbk y jucm` kdbcrt` y pr`dkh`.

Kuiquc e puchk quc i` scpk ek h`ftrbik hce Duhk, e e` lk vbst` t`h`f`opectkocitc. Si krlkit yk i` sc kpcmk os. e i` cxpcrbocitk ceHcsc` y ce kpcm` hcdbh` ke F`itkft`. Si krlkit i` tbcic quc f`i`fcr e`shbgcrcitcs vifue`s hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc ^e`s h`fc ciekfcs ` vifue`s: ekBmi`rkifbk, ek G`rokfbi, ek F`isfbcifbk, ce I`odrc y ek G`rok, eks VcbsDkscs, ce F`itkft`, ce Vcitbobcit`, ce Hcsc`, ce Kpcm`, ek Cxbstcifbk/ce Vcr,ce Ikfbobcit`, ek Wcjcz y ek Oucrtc_. e puchc quc i` scpk fo` cisckrek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc ` cxpebfkr fukequbcr f`sk pcrtbicitc,pcr` p`rquc ui krlkit yk p`scc ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftk pcrgcftk, e i`cxpcrbocitk os ce sugrbobcit`, p`rquc yk lk e`mrkh` ek fcskfbi hcesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ki ks f`i su skdbhurk ce Duhk i` lbz` ibimicsgucrz` pkrk hcsfudrbr ce pr`fcs` hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc yhcskrr`eekr uik h`ftrbik pkrk cisckrecs k e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs. Fukih` ceDuhk kefkiz ek beuobikfbi, ce vkfbe ci cisckr ek h`ftrbik p`rqucs`ekocitc ui pukh` hc pcrs`iks scrbks ludbcrk sbh` fkpkz hc citcihcrek.Vbi codkrm` ke gbike, p`r su mrki f`opksbi p`r e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs, ceDuhk rcsbstb ek fkrmk hc cisckr ek Wcrhkh pr`guihk y krfkik. Q`rqucs`ekocitc uiks p`fks pcrs`iks puhbcr`i citcihcr ek h`ftrbik, i`s`tr`sp`hco`s vcr quc tkrck tki hbgfbe guc pkrk ce Duhk.

Ce Ecimukjc Hbkrb` y ce Ecimukjc hce Hlkrok.

Ce Duhk us h`s fekscs hc ecimukjcs pkrk cisckr sus h`ftrbiks. Si` gucce ecimukjc hbkrb` ` hc fkhk hk, quc sc uskdk pkrk cisckr eks ecffb`icshc o`rke f`oi k eks pcrs`iks cimkkhks p`r f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbkf`itbiuk. Csks pcrs`iks cxpcrbocitkdki ui cm`. Cee`s crki p`scsbv`s p`rsu kgcrrkobcit` ocitke pr`guihkocitc cirkbzkh`. Q`r `trk pkrtc, ceecimukjc hce Hlkook sc us pkrk cisckrecs k eks pcrs`iks quc cstkdkiebmcrkocitc cimkkhks (pcrs`iks hc ocitc kmuhk) pkrk quc citcihbcrkiek Wcrhkh Kds`eutk ^pkrkokttlk-skffk_, y hcjkrki hc kfcptkr cef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Ek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc cs uik Wcrhkh Kds`eutk, p`r e` tkit`,ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook sc hcdc uskr pkrk cxpebfkrek. Cs f`itrkrbk k ekcisckizk hc ek o`rkebhkh (kfcrfk hce dbci ouihki`, quc kyuhk kef`ifcpt` hce cm`). Ce ecimukjc hbkrb` i` sc puchc uskr pkrk hbsfutbrek h`ftrbik hce `rbmci hcpcihbcitc. Vbi codkrm`, sb ce ecimukjc hce

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s`ekocitc vb`ek ek ecy hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sbi` quc tkodbi vb`ekce prbifbpb` hce Duhk pkrk prchbfkr ce Hlkook` sck, kyuhkr k ekspcrs`iks k kdkih`ikr t`tkeocitc fukequbcr f`ifcpt` hc ui cm`. Q`r cstkrkzi, ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i` biv`eufrk ek o`rkebhkh,p`rquc ek o`rkebhkh, ci fukequbcr sbtukfbi, cst dkskhk ci ce cm`. Ceek

kd`mk p`r ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Ci ce prcscitc, h`s fekscs hc cisckizks hc ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cxbstci. Sik hbst`rsb`ik ce Hlkook hce Duhk, y lk cxbstbh`p`r os hc obe k`s. Ek `trk cst hc kfucrh` f`i ce Hlkook hce Duhk, ycisck ek ktcifbi pecik ` kecrtk ke F`itkft` f`i eks dkscs scis`rbkecspkrk prcvcibr quc ce Vcitbobcit`kvkifc lkfbk ce Hcsc`. Ci cstk g`rok,ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sc puchc prkftbfkr pkrk f`scflkre`s rcsuetkh`s biochbktkocitc. Ek vcrhkh cs quc sb eks pcrs`iks`rhbikrbks puhbcrki prkftbfkr hc cstk okicrk, cee`s p`hrki tcicr e`mr`ssbmibgbfkitcs bifeus` sbi rcgcrbrsc k ek ecy hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Siprkftbfkitc scrb` hcdcrk cstkr ktcit`/kecrtk hc ek f`igusbi hc cstks h`sfekscs hc cisckizks, y kscmurkrsc quc su prftbfk cst ci kfucrh` f`i ceHlkook hce Duhk. Ek ikturkeczk hce ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, f`o` ceDuhk ek cisc, ib f`igbrok ce iblbebso`p`r cjcope`, kibokih` k ekspcrs`iks hc kdstcicrsc hc cjcfutkr kffb`ics ocrbt`rbks, scr brrcsp`iskdec,scr pr`decotbf` c bopruhcitcib ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk,p`r cjcope`, rcf`ocihkih` k eks pcrs`iks quc scki cxtrcobstks,cimkkh`s f`i ce f`ifcpt` hc ui cm` cxbstcitc ctcrikocitc ` t`hks eksg`roks hc cm` y f`i su p`scsbvbhkh ` cm`so`. Ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i` cs uik tc`rk cxkmcrkhk f`o` mcicrkeocitc

sc frcc. Q`r ce f`itrkrb`, ceek f`ieecvk uik prftbfk rbmur`sk tke quc fukih`lky ui F`itkft`ci ek dksc scis`rbke, ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftk sc kpebfk pkrksudyumkr ` h`obikr ce Vcitbobcit` y f`o` f`iscfucifbk prcvcibr sukvkifc lkfbk ce Hcsc`, ce Kpcm` y ek Cxbstcifbk/Ikfbobcit`. Ci ekprftbfk vcrhkhcrk, ui trobi` f`o` `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc csbiicfcskrb`.

Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i` hcdc bitcrprctkrsc f`o` uiktc`rk hc csprbtus, h`ihc ce csprbtu hce cm` cst prcscitc, h`ihc ekf`isfbcifbk cspbrbtuke rccifkrik ` pcrokicfc ci ce fucrp`. Ci cstk p`fk,

e`s cruhbt`s `ffbhcitkecs rbhbfuebzki tke frccifbk. I` oczfeci ce ecimukjchbkrb` (` ce ecimukjc f`itkobikh` f`i ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbkf`itbiuk) quc sc usk pkrk cisckr o`rkebhkh, f`i ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, p`rquc se` ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook (` ceecimukjc hce Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft`) sc usk pkrk cisckr ek h`ftrbik.Qrkftbfkr hc kfucrh` f`i ek ecy hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cs cevcrhkhcr` Fkobi` Ochb`. E`s suttks hbfci quc fukih` ui` skdc/f`i`fc ek

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc ui` kefkizk ce Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` suprco` `suprk-ouihki`. Xke Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` i` cs pr`pcis` k iblbebso` `ke f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc sc okitbcic ci ce Fkobi` Ochb` i` cs ib ek kgbrokfbi hcecm` (ce f`ifcpt` hc ek cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk) ib ek icmkfbi hce cm` (ce

iblbebso`). Vu ecy sbmuc ce prbifbpb` hc cst` cxbstc y p`r e` tkit` cs`cxbstc> cst` fcsk hc scr y p`r e` tkit` cs` fcsk hc scr. Cstcprbifbpb` scpkrk ce Duhbso` hc kdrkzkr ce iblbebso` ` ce f`ifcpt` hc uikcxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Hcdco`s scr ouy fubhkh`s`s ci i` hcjkr quc ekh`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc cv`eufb`ic ci uik quc i` cst hckfucrh` f`i ce Hlkook hce Duhk ` hcvcimk uik h`ftrbik lbihubstk `drklkokibstk. Ek vcrhkh cs quc cs bop`sbdec bopkrtbr ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc ci ek ocitc hc uik pcrs`ik quc tcimk cef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk, p`rquc eks h`s s`i f`itrkhbft`rbks.Q`r cst`, cisckr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc uskih` cef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk cs s`fkvkr ek ecy hce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc.

Ci e`s suttks Qkeb `rbmbikecs, lky h`s hbvbsb`ics ci eks cisckizks hc Duhk.Sik hc ceeks cs ek o`rkebhkh, quc sc cisck k eks pcrs`iks quc tbcici cef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk, y ek `trk pkrtc cs ek Wcrhkh Kds`eutk,quc bivkebhk/kiuek ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk sbi iblbebso`.Hurkitc ce tbcop` fukih` e`s ciskybstks crki p`puekrcs, uik hcsvbkfbiouy f`oi crk uskr ce f`ifcpt` hc ek cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk pkrk cxpebfkr ekWcrhkh Kds`eutk y ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc. Fkhk vcz qucuik `p`rtuibhkh surmk, e`s ciskybstks bitcrprctkdki ek h`ftrbik hc ek

`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc hcshc ui puit` hc vbstk ci quc ce cm` cxbstk. Ekpcrs`ik o`rk y rcikfk. E`s ciskybstks bitcrprctkr`i tkodbi ek h`ftrbikhcshc ui puit` hc vbstk purkocitc oktcrbkebstk. Q`r cjcope`, ce bigbcri`sc cxpebfkdk cstkr dkj` tbcrrk, ui eumkr h`ihc eks pcrs`iks bdki fukih`cee`s o`rki. I` sc cxpebfkdk hc kfucrh` k ek ecy hce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc h`ihc ce ktcrrkh`r bigbcri` cxbstc k fkhk bistkitc. Khcos,bifeus` sb ce bigbcri` supucstkocitc sc cxpcrbocitk hc kfucrh` k ek ecyhce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, eks pcrs`iks t`hkvk e` f`isbhcrki dkj`tbcrrk ` ui eumkr pkrk e`s oucrt`s ` pkrk eks pcrs`iks fukih` oucrci.

Q`r e` tkit`, e`s suttks `rbmbikecs Qkeb hcdci uskrsc f`o` dksc ci cstuhbkrek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, y i` scmubr fbcmkocitc k e`s ciskybstks `kfcptkr t`tkeocitc e`s cisky`s y fi`ics tkecs f`o` ce Wbsuhhlbokmmk^Fkobi` k ek Qurczk_. Frc` quc ce kut`r hc Wbsuhhlbokmmk y ce qucbitcmr eks ki`tkfb`ics hc t`h`s e`s fi`ics Duhbstks Qkeb crk ek obsokpcrs`ik. F`o` rcsuetkh`, e`s pciskobcit`s hc eks pcrs`iks gucr`io`i`p`ebzkh`s, y cee`s sbmubcr`i fbcmkocitc e`s cisky`s y fi`ics ci su

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t`tkebhkh. Vbi codkrm`, t`hkvk i`s`tr`s hcdco`s uskr ce prbifbpb` hc e`sFuktr` Frbtcrb`s (oklkpkhcsk) ci e`s Vuttks Nkekok ^ci Kh`dcKfr`dkt _y Oklkpkrbibddkkikpkrk skevkmukrhkr/mkrkitbzkr y kpebfkriucstrk kut`i`ok y p`r e` tkit` pr`tcmcri`s k i`s`tr`s obso`s hchcvcibr vftboks hc ebdr`s, cisky`s ` fi`ics quc s`i pr`pcis`s ke

f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Vb usko`s ce Vuttk Nkekok y e`s Fuktr` Frbtcrb`s 8 , p`hco`s kpebfkrcstrbftkocitc ce prbifbpb` hce Duhk pkrk csf`mcr eks f`sks f`rrcftks, fkpkp`r fkpk ` cstrkt` p`r cstrkt`, hc t`hk ek dksurk. Cst` i` cs hcfbr quct`h`s e`s cisky`s y fi`ics s`i bitbecs, sbi` quc ce prbifbpb` hce Duhkhcdc scr cstrbftkocitc kpebfkh` pkrk cif`itrkr eks cxpebfkfb`ics f`rrcftks.Hc Kfucrh` k e`s Fuktr` Frbtcrb`s, t`h` e` quc i` cst hc kfucrh` f`i ekH`ftrbik ^ce hlkook_ y ek hbsfbpebik ^vbikyk_ hcdc f`isbhcrkrsc f`o` uikcisckizk, ` uik oco`rbk, ` uik flkrek ` kem` quc lco`s `h` crric`.Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc bitcitk prbo`rhbkeocitccrrkhbfkr ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk y ce iblbebso`. Q`r e`tkit`, sb ek cisckizk hc ek h`ftrbik biv`eufrk ek trksobmrkfbi hce l`odrcci trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk, cit`ifcs cs` cs bikfcptkdec ci kfucrh` k e`sFuktr` Frbtcrb`s.

Ce Qrbifbpb` hc ek @rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc

Vcmubhkocitc cxp`ihrco`s kemui`s puit`s s`drc ce prbifbpb` hc ek

`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc:

B. Ci ek kuscifbk hc pciskobcit` y skdbhurk pkrk ek ebdcrkfbi, schcskrr`eeki ek Cxbstcifbk/ce Vcr y ce Ikfbobcit` ci ce bistkitc quc eks VcbsTkfcs lkfci f`itkft` f`i e`s Vcbs @djct`s Vcis`rbkecs ^vbsbi, s`ibh`,`e`r, must` c bhcks> Muiks_. Ci `trks pkekdrks, ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc f`obcizk ci ce obso` bistkitc quc ce F`itkft` sc cstkdecfchcdbh` k ek Bmi`rkifbk.

BB. Ci ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, ibimuik pcrs`ik, ibcm`, ib i`s`tr`s, ` cee`s cxbstci pkrk cxpcrbocitkr ce sugrbobcit`, ekfcskfbi hce sugrbobcit` ` ek trkisobmrkfbi.

BBB. Ci ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, i` lky ce eekokh`m`z`, s`ekocitc lky sugrbobcit` y ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. Ce m`z`` ek gcebfbhkh i` sc lkdek ci ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc p`rquc ce

8E`s frbtcrb`s quc sc cifucitrki ci ce Vutrk Nkekok.

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f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk cst dkskh` ci ce m`z` (ce m`z`hc ducik mkik muk ke f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk, obcitrks qucce sugrbobcit` muk ke iblbebso`). Cs s`ekocitcci ce ecimukjc hbkrb` ` hcfkhk hk quc k ek kuscifbk hc sugrbobcit` sc ec rcgbcrc f`o` m`z` `gcebfbhkh. Q`r cjcope`, ce ibddkik cs ek gcebfbhkh oxbok sc usk pkrk ek

f`ivcibcifbkci ek cisckizk ci ek o`rkebhkh.

BW. I` lky f`isfbcifbk hc trkisobmrkfbi (pktbskihlb vbiikik> qucf`icftc cstk vbhk f`i ek prxbok) ci ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc. Q`r e` tkit`, ek f`isfbcifbk (vbiikik) ci ce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc sc rcgbcrc k eks Vcbs F`isfbcifbks (surmbcih` hc e`s f`itkft`scitrc eks Vcbs Tkfcs y e`s Vcbs @djct`s). Ce Duhk iuifk cxpebf ekf`isfbcifbk f`o` uik f`isfbcifbk trkisobmrkh`rk, p`rquc su pr`psbt`guc/cs hcjkri`s vcr fekrkocitc eks Vcbs F`isfbcifbks hc e`s rmki`sscis`rbkecs `rhbikrb`s. Ek f`isfbcifbk trkisobmrkh`rk se` guc ocifb`ikhkci cisky`s hc pcr`h`s kitcrb`rcs. Cst`s cisky`s bitr`hujcr`ibif`isfbcitcocitc ci ce Duhbso` ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.Cee`s lkdki bivkhbh` ce Duhbso` f`o` biscft`s hcstruftbv`s. Ek vcrhkh csquc i`s`tr`s, ci ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, tcico`s ykf`isfbcifbk hcdbh` k e`s rmki`s scis`rbkecs `rhbikrb`s ` k ek F`isfbcifbkhc ek Bmi`rkifbk, y i` icfcsbtko`s uik f`isfbcifbk trkisobmrkh`rk.

W. Lky se` ek ecy hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, sbmibgbfkih` quc t`h`s e`sgcioci`s cocrmci s`ekocitc fukih` eks f`ihbfb`ics outukeocitchcpcihbcitcs cxbstci. Khcos, ce prbifbpb` y ce gbike hc fkhk gcioci`sufchci ci ui bistkitc hcspus hce fuke `tr`s gcioci`s surmci

f`itbiukocitc hcdbh` k eks f`ihbfb`ics outukocitc hcpcihbcitcs. K uigcioci` quc surmc k eks f`ihbfb`ics outukocitc hcpcihbcitcs sc eceekok surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Kqu lky h`s prbifbpb`s bop`rtkitcs: (;)i` f`isbhcrci ek bhck hc ui cm` hc g`rok quc i` tcimki ek bhck hcef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk> y (4) i` f`isbhcrci ek bhck hc qucikhk cxbstc hc g`rok quc i` hcvcimki iblbebstks. Obcitrks ui` scokitcimk ci ce Fkobi` Ochb`, ui` i` sc p`hr hcsvbkr hce ke ecy hcesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.

WB. Hcshc ce puit` hc vbstk hce nkook, ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i` cs

ek fcskfbi ib hc e`s nkooks i`-icmr`s ib i`-dekif`s, f`o` tkop`f` hce`s nkooks icmr`s y dekif`s. Ce nkook ocrbt`rb` ^puiik-nkook_, cenkook i`-ocrbt`rb` y ce nkook bopcrturdkdec (kicijk) s`i f`isbhcrkh`st`h`s f`o` sugrbobcit`. Si` hcdc trksfcihcr eks trcs fekscs hc nkookpkrk cstkr t`tkeocitc ebdrc hce sugrbobcit`. Ci cstk g`rok, ce nkook i`hcvcihr ek dksc pkrk ce kpcm` hce cm` ` ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbkf`itbiuk.

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WBB. Cs` quc sc f`ig`rok f`i ce prbifbpb` hc cgbfkfbk hbrcftk c biochbktk(skihbttlbnk) ^quc tbcic quc vcr prbocrkocitc f`i ce ouih` y ek vbhkprcscitc_ cst hc kfucrh` f`i ce prbifbpb` duhbstk. Ek bitcrprctkfbi hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc quc bif`rp`rk c biv`eufrk e`s trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk,

i` sbmuc ce prbifbpb` hc cgbfkfbk hbrcftk c biochbktk. E`s `ifc cstkh`s hc`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc hcdci t`h`s kjustkrsc ke prbifbpb` hc cgbfkfbkhbrcftk c biochbktk pkrk rcf`i`fcrsc f`o` ek cisckizk hc Duhk.

WBBB. Lky ouflks g`roks hc bitcrprctkr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc ci e`s suttks. Q`r cjcope`: (;) hc ek Bmi`rkifbk k ek Wcjcz y kek Oucrtc ci `rhci lkfbk hcekitc (kiue`ok)> (4) hc ek Wcjcz y ek Oucrtck ek Bmi`rkifbk ci `rhci rcvcrs` ` ci rctr`fcs` (pktbe`ok)> ci ekbitcrprctkfbi hc e`s rhcics hcekitcr` y rcvcrs` tkodbi sc lkdekkfcrfk hc ek fcskfbi hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc> (6) hc e`s f`itkft`scitrc eks Tkfcs y e` fbrfuihkitcs lkstk ek cocrmcifbk ` surmbobcit` hc ekF`isfbcifbk, ce F`itkft` y ce Vcitbobcit`, pcr` sbi ocifb`ikr ekBmi`rkifbk> (8) hce Vcitbobcit` lkstk ce sugrbobcit` ci ek Wcjcz y ekOucrtc> y ce os pcfuebkr hc t`h`s, (3) ce ikfbobcit` y ek fcskfbisbouetic`s ci ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc tke f`o` ekG`rokfbi quc sc `rbmbik hc ek Bmi`rkifbk, ek F`isfbcifbk quc sc `rbmbikhc ek G`rokfbi, ce I`odrc y ek G`rok quc sc `rbmbik hc/p`r ekF`isfbcifbk, y ks sufcsbvkocitc lkstk ek ctkpk h`ihc ce Hcsc` sc `rbmbikhce Vcitbobcit`, cit`ifcs ek fcskfbi hce hcsc` sc cxpebfk f`o` fcskfbihce Kpcm` y p`r e` tkit` ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. Cstk bitcrprctkfbipcfuebkr pkrcfc kgbrokr/rcfekokr quc bifeus` fukih` ce pr`fcs` hc

`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sc lk hcskrr`eekh` lkstk ek ctkpk hce Hcsc`, ekKtcifbi F`rrcftk puchc t`hkvk trkcrsc ` lkfcrek surmbr pkrk hctcicr ceHcsc` c bivcrtbr ce pr`fcs` lkstk cebobikr ce sugrbobcit`. I` `dstkitc, sbhbsfutbo`s eks hbgcrcitcs fekscs hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ci e`s suttks,vcrco`s os fekrkocitc quc ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i`tbcic quc bifeubr trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk.

B\. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cs ui gcioci` quc hurk ui bistkitc> ycs bopcrokicitc. Q`r e` tkit`, ce Ikfbobcit` y ek Oucrtc sc hcdcicxpebfkr f`o` ui`s gcioci`s hcitr` hce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`

hcpcihbcitc ci ce hbkrb` vbvbr hc eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks. Ek KtcifbiF`rrcftk sc pbcrhc hurkitc e`s f`itkft`s hc eks Tkfcs y e` fbrfuihkitc.Hcspus hc cs`, fukih` sc cxpcrbocitk ek brrbtkfbi hcdbh` ke cm`so`, keci`j` y k ek bmi`rkifbk, ce cm` yk lk ikfbh`. Vc f`isbhcrk f`o` uiikfbobcit`. Ce ikfbobcit` quc sc `rbmbik hc ek oktrbz hc ek okhrc,uskih` ce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk i` cs ce ikfbobcit` quc ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc qubcrc hcfbr. Ce sbmibgbfkh` hc ikfbobcit` ci ce

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ecimukjc hc fkhk hk `dstruyc iucstr` citcihbobcit` hc ek h`ftrbik. Q`r ceo`ocit`, i`s`tr`s ci su eumkr, hcdco`s hbrbmbr iucstrk ktcifbi ci e`sp`sbdec ikfbobcit`s gutur`s (surmbobcit` hce cm`). Cst` cs p`r supucst`oufl` ocj`rquc i` f`i`fcr/skdcr ci quc cstkh` ce ikfbobcit` gutur`hce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk, i`s hkr k euz.

\. Hbsfutbr uik tc`rk gbe`sgbfk hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i` i`sdcicgbfbk> p`r e` tkit`, i` cs cscifbke. Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cs uik feksc hc prftbfk. Ceek puchc hctcicr ek okibgcstkfbihce sugrbobcit` k trkvs hc okitcicr ek ktcifbi f`rrcftk y pecik ci eksVcbs Tkfcs fukih` lkfci f`itkft` f`i e` fbrfuihkitc. Kpebfkih` cstcprbifbpb` pkrk pr`tcmcr eks Vcbs Tkfcs y hctcicr ek bifursbi hc eksgbetrkfb`ics(kskvk) ^gbetrkfb`ics hc fbttk quc pcictrki ce soskrk_ cs cevcrhkhcr` gbike hce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Fukequbcr ot`h`sbobekr hc prftbfk cs f`rrcft` bifeus` sb i` sc rcgbcrc f`o` ek h`ftrbik hcek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc. Cstk g`rok hc gbikebzkr ce pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc eekok ce Fkobi` F`rrcft` (skookpktbpkhk).

E`s puit`s quc sc lki trktkh` sc puchci uskr f`o` frbtcrb` pkrk cvkeukrce citcihbobcit` hc ui` hc ek h`ftrbik vcrhkhcrk hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc. Ek h`ftrbik vcrhkhcrk hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc cs hclcfl` ek prftbfk quc muk hbrcftkocitc k ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. Cesugrbobcit` sc okibgbcstk p`rquc ek bisktbsgkffbi mcicrk ui pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc (hc ek Bmi`rkifbk k ek Wcjcz y ek Oucrtc). Cepr`fcs` biv`eufrk h`s r`ihks hc ikfbobcit`, p`rquc uik vcz quc eksTkfcs lkfci f`itkft` f`i e`s `djct`s, ek F`isfbcifbk cocrmc hc ek

Bmi`rkifbk. Ek prbocrk r`ihk ` vucetk hc ikfbobcit` sc rcgbcrc k ekcocrmcifbk hce I`odrc y ek G`rok hcdbh` k ek F`isfbcifbk. Eks VcbsDkscs Vcis`rbkecs vbcici hcspus hce I`odrc y ek G`rok. Vbi codkrm`,kitc quc cst` pksc ` sufchk, ek F`isfbcifbk i` pkrcfc cxbstbr, p`rquc cs`cs ui cstkh` hc pcrokicifbk o`ocitick. Ve` eks pcrs`iks qucs`stbcici ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk ec eekoki ek f`isfbcifbktrkisobmrkt`rbk (quc f`icftk ui tbcop` hc vbhk f`i ce prxbo`). CeVcitbobcit`, `rbmbikh` hce F`itkft`, mcicrk ek bisktbsgkffbi hcdbh` keHcsc` y ce Kpcm`. Vudscfucitcocitc, ek Cxbstcifbk/ce Vcr y ce Ikfbobcit`ec sbmuc ci sufcsbi. Ci cstc puit`, ce sugrbobcit` hcdbh` ke ikfbobcit`, ek

vcjcz, ek oucrtc, ek kimustbk, ek pcik, ce rcscitbobcit`, ek prc`fupkfbi yek brrbtkfbi sc puchci cxpcrbocitkr. K cee`s sbopecocitc sc ecs eekoki e`sFbif` Kmrcmkh`s hce Kpcm` (pkifupkhkiknnlkihlk) ` ce sugrbobcit`. Q`re` tkit`, fkhk pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc biv`eufrk h`s r`ihks `vucetks hc ikfbobcit`. Ek oucrtc ` ce ikfbobcit`, ci ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, i` eecmki fukih` ui` cst gsbfkocitc oucrt`. Ce

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ikfbobcit` y ek oucrtc hce fucrp` gsbf` ci ce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk i`tbcici ikhk quc vcr f`i ek h`ftrbik hce Duhk hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc.

Ce pr`psbt` hce Duhk ci cisckr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitccs kd`ebr f`opectkocitc ce f`ifcpt` hc ui cm`. I` cs sugbfbcitc kikebzkr

ek kuscifbk hc ui cm` uskih` e`s Fbif` Kmrcmkh`s> ce pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc hcdc pcrfbdbr fekrkocitc. Fkhk ui` hc e`sKmrcmkh`s kpkrcfc hc kfucrh` k ek ecy hc fkuskebhkh cst` cxbstc p`r e`tkit` cs` cxbstc, cst` fcsk hc scr p`r e` tkit` cs` fcsk hc scr> s`ekocitcfukih` e`s `ifc cstkh`s hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc lki t`okh` eumkrf`opectkocitc. Cst` i`s fkpkfbtk k pcrfbdbr ocj`r ek kuscifbk hc ui cm`,ce cimk`, ek bisktbsgkffbi ` brrbtkfbi, ce nkook y ek rckffbi nrobfk(vbpknk)> ` k f`oprcihcr ek kuscifbk hc cm` ci ce pr`fcs` fkuske citcr`.Vbi codkrm`, kprcihcr kfcrfk hc ek kuscifbk hce cm` ci e`s Fbif`Kmrcmkh`s pcr` i` pcrfbdbr fekrkocitc ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc puchcquc t`hkvk rcsuetc ci cimk`. Q`r cjcope`, ci e`s suttks Qkeb, ui Dlbnnluec prcmuitk ke Duhk: Wcicrkdec Duhk, sb ce cm` cst kuscitc ci e`s Fbif`Kmrcmkh`s, cit`ifcs qubi rcfbdc eks rcpcrfusb`ics noobfks hcdbh` keks kffb`ics hce cm` quc cst kuscitc0 Cvbhcitcocitc, lky uif`i`fbobcit` kfcrfk hc ek kuscifbk hce cm` ci e`s Fbif` Kmrcmkh`s, pcr`i` lky ui citcihbobcit` f`opect` hce f`ifcpt` hc kuscifbk hc cm`.F`iscfucitcocitc, cst ek bhck hc quc ui cm` tbcic quc cxpcrbocitkrsugrbobcit` ` pekfcr hcdbh` k ek ecy hce nkrok. Cs` cs kdsurh`. I` lkdrktke prcmuitk sb ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc pcrfbdcf`rrcftkocitc.

Ibimi cm` sc puchc cif`itrkr `pcrkih`, fukih` sc pcrfbdcif`rrcftkocitc e`s gcioci`s, quc hurki ui bistkitc, hc kfucrh` k ek ecyhce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Vbi codkrm` cstk vbhk y ek prxbok, e`sh`obib`s obscrkdecs/pkttbf`s (e`s h`obib`s hce bigbcri`, hce gkitksoklkodrbcit`, hce kiboke y hce ksurk), hce l`odrc, hc e`s hb`scs fcecstbkecs,hc Drklok, hc Duhk, ` ek skimlk, cxbstci ci ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc. Cee`s sc pcrpctki p`r ek kffbi v`ebtbvk (kdlbskinlkrk) hcnkooks ocrbt`rb`s, i`-ocrbt`rb`s c bopcrturdkdecs. Vb ek kffbi v`ebtbvkyk lk mcicrkh` ce Vcitbobcit` ` Ikfbobcit`, y ce fbttk3sc kgebmc p`r ekbisktbsgkffbi y ek kisbchkh, cit`ifcs, ci csc o`ocit` sc frck ce bigbcri`.

Cstc cs ce bigbcri` hce mrki fke`r (oklkpkreklk) ocifb`ikh` p`r ce Duhkci ce Vkoyuttk-ibnkyk. Xkodbi sc ec eekokdk ce bigbcri` h`ihc vki e`sscbs puit`s hc f`itkft` (flkpkssk yktkibnk ibrkyk). Cs ui bigbcri`vcrhkhcr`, y os l`rrbdec quc ce bigbcri` dkj` tbcrrk quc frcci ekspcrs`iks quc kdrkzki ce f`ifcpt` hc ek cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Ce obso`suttk sc rcgbcrc ke fbce` h`ihc e`s scbs puit`s hc f`itkft`s vki

3Fbttk: F`rkzi-ocitc.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

(flkpkssk yktkibnk hcvk). Csc cs ce fbce` vcrhkhcr`, y cs os rckestbf`quc ce fbce` ci ce cspkfb` quc eks pcrs`iks quc kdrkzki ce f`ifcpt` hc ekcxbstcifbk f`itbiuk frcci. Fukih` sugrbo`s y cxpcrbocitko`s tcrr`r,cstko`s ci ce h`obib` hc ksurk. Fukih` cstko`s lkodrbcit`s y sbikebcit`, cstko`s ci ce h`obib` hc e`s gkitksoks lkodrbcit`s. Fukih`

s`o`s t`it`s y cstpbh`s, cstko`s ci ce h`obib` kiboke. Fukih`cxpcrbocitko`s kod`s, ce sugrbobcit` y ce pekfcr, cstko`s ci ce h`obib`luoki`. Fukih` hbsgrutko`s tcopcrkocit`s c bitcrcscs hbgcrcitcs,cstko`s ci e`s h`obib`s hc e`s hb`scs fcecstbkecs. Fukih`cxpcrbocitko`s oufl` pekfcr y i`-sugrbobcit` y i`-pekfcr hc ekochbtkfbi ci ek g`rok ` ek i`-g`rok (rupk-jlkik ` krupk-jlkik),cstko`s ci e`s h`obib`s hc Drklok. X`h`s cst`s s`i os rckestbf`s quce`s h`obib`s ci ek vbhk-hcspus hc ek oucrtc ^oucrtc gsbfk_ quc frcci ekspcrs`iks quc tbcici ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Ekscqubv`fkfb`ics s`i fkuskhks p`r ui f`ifcpt` hbst`rsb`ikh` hcesurmbobcit` csp`itic` ` hc ek `rbmbikfbi csp`itick hce Duhbso`(`pkpktbnk).

Ce Duhk, ce Hlkook y ek Vkimlk sc puchci f`igbrokr biochbktkocitc hcek fcskfbi hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. V`ekocitc uik pcrs`ik skdbk e`spuchc f`igbrokr p`r cxpcrbcifbk pcrs`ike. Cee`s s`i os rckestbf`s `vcrhkhcr`s quc eks Xrcs J`yks hce Duhbso` hc cs`s quc eks quc ekspcrs`iks quc frcci ci uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk citbcihci. Eks Xrcs J`ykshc eks quc lkdeki csks pcrs`iks i` tbcici sbmibgbfkh` ` sck s`ibisbmibgbfkitcs. Ek vbhk prcscitc cs ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc ci ui bistkitc, obcitrks quc ek prxbok vbhk cs

`tr` pr`fcs` hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc ci ce prxbo` bistkitc.Cstk cs uik g`rok os rckestbfk hc citcihcr ek ecy hce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc. Vbi codkrm`, pkrk eks pcrs`iks quc frcci ci ce f`ifcpt` hcuik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk, ce ikfbobcit` eecmk hc ek oktrbz hc uik okhrc yek oucrtc cs ek oucrtc gsbfk. Cst` cs ci ce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk ` ceecimukjc hc e`s prvue`s, y i` e` quc ce Duhk cisc. Si` hcdcf`oprcihcr ek ecy hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc hc kfucrh` k ek h`ftrbikhce Duhk hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc y i` hc kfucrh` k e`s ciskybstkshc e`s pcr`h`s pkskh`s quc kdrkzkdki ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbkf`itbiuk. Ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc hbsfutbhk p`r e`s ciskybstks hc e`s

pcr`h`s pkskh`s crk ek frckfbi pr`pbk hc cee`s quc lk sbh` trksobtbhklkstk e`s hks prcscitcs.

Ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc ` ce ecimukjc hce Hlkookpcrgcft` puchc kyuhkri`s k pcrfbdbr ek vcrhkh ci e`s gcioci`s. Cscecimukjc cs hbgcrcitc hc e`s ecimukjcs `rhbikrb`s ` f`ouics quc cstif`itkobikh`s p`r e`s f`ifcpt`s hc cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Q`r cjcope`, ci ce

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` (skookhbttlb), lky `tr`s ouih`s, pkhrcs, ce fbce`,ce bigbcri`, ce nkook, ce quc bibfbk y ce quc rcfbdc ce nkook, ek vbhkprcscitc y ek prxbok. X`h` cst` sc cxpebfk hc kfucrh` ke ecimukjc hc ekspcrs`iks `rhbikrbks. Ci ce Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` Bitcrochb`, s`ekocitclky sugrbobcit` y fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. Sik citbhkh quc sugrc ` uik

pcrs`ik quc tcrobik ce sugrbobcit`, ib sc ocifb`ik ib sc kfcptk. Ci ceQuit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` Qcrgcft`, ` ci ce h`obib` suprkouihki` i`-hbst`rsb`ikh`, ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc pcrfbdc f`o` cs, ib cxbstc(kttlbtk) ib i`-cxbstc (ikttlbtk). Wbst` hcshc ce Fkobi` Ochb`, ce pr`fcs`hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, quc `pcrk hc kfucrh` ke prbifbpb` hc cst`cxbstc p`r e` tkit` cs` cxbstc, cst` fcsk hc scr p`r e` tkit` cs` fcsk hcscr, sc pcrfbdc f`o` hcspr`vbst`/fkrcitc hc cm`, pcrs`ik, fbce` `bigbcri`. Sik pcrfcpfbi k cstc ibvce sc ec eekok ce Fkobi` Ochb`Wcrhkhcr` p`rquc i` cst pr`pcis` ib ke iblbebso` ib ke f`ifcpt` hccxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Ci ce F`rrcft` Quit` hc Wbstk quc sc ke`jk k trkvs hc ek vcrhkh ekbfk, cecm` cst prcscitc, obcitrks quc ci ce F`rrcft` Quit` hc Wbstk quc pcrfbdcek Wcrhkh Kds`eutk, ce cm` cs bicxbstcitc. Ce Duhk us sbcoprc h`s fekscshc ecimukjc pkrk cxp`icr sus h`ftrbiks. Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cs kfcrfk hc ek Wcrhkh Kds`eutk y i` hc tbfk y o`rkebhkh.Ibimuik citbhkh obmrk hc uik vbhk k ek prxbok. Xkodbi, i` csicfcskrb` pkrk ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc bifeubr trcs tbcop`shc vbhk.

Ce ot`h` pkrk cxpebfkr ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`o`

bifeuycih` trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk sc puchc trkzkr ci rctr`fcs` pkrfbkeocitcci Ce Fkobi` hc ek Qurbgbfkfbi ` sck ce Wbsuhhlbokmmk hcDuhhlkml`sk. Ce rcst` i` cst fekr` p`rquc i` lky `tr` oktcrbkepcrtbicitc os kitbmu` quc ce Wbsuhhlbokmmk. Q`r e` tkit`, ecsf`ocitkr s`drc ce cisky` hc su kut`r. Cscifbkeocitc, ob octk i` csDuhhlkml`sk. R` frc` quc dcicgbfb`s` pkrk i`s`tr`s uskr ce ot`h`pr`pb` pkrk cstuhbkr ce Hlkook hce Duhk, prkftbfkr ce Duhbso`, ` pkrkkpebfkr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc. Cst`y ci hcskfucrh` f`ieks cxpebfkfb`ics quc i` csti hc kfucrh` f`i ek cisckizk hce Duhk. Q`rcsk rkzi, obs f`ocitkrb`s i` s`i hc lcfl` pkrk mkikifbks pcrs`ikecs.

Vbopecocitc us` tc`rks pcrtbicitcs ci e`s suttks Qkeb pkrk kyuhkr kt`h`s k quc citbcihki p`r sb obso`s ek h`ftrbik, cifucitrci ek vcrhkh yi` frcki icfcskrbkocitc ci o ` ci `trk pcrs`ik. I`s`tr`s vb`ekrko`s cecsprbtu hce Nkekok Vuttk sb fbcmkocitc frcco`s e` quc eks pcrs`iks hbfci.Hcdco`s uskr ce `j` hce hlkook f`o` bistruocit` pkrk cvkeukr e`sksuit`s ` tcoks.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Duhhlkml`sk sbopecocitc kkhb kike`mks, i`tks y f`ocitkrb`s ci cecit`ifcs cxbstcitc Wbouttbokmmk, pkrk pr`hufbr su Wbsuhhlbokmmk.Cs` kmrkv ek sbtukfbi. Q`r e` tkit`, i`s`tr`s hcdco`s cig`fkr iucstrkktcifbi ci ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc hce Duhk. Kuiquc csouy hbgfbe, t`hkvk hcdco`s lkfcr e` ocj`r quc p`hko`s pkrk hcjkr quc

ek h`ftrbik hc Duhk dcicgbfbc k e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs.

Q`rquc ce cisky` hc Duhhlkml`sk i` f`rr`d`rk e`s prbifbpb`s/ tc`rks/h`ftrbiks hc e`s suttks Qkeb, tke f`o` ce Nkekok Vuttk, y`, DuhhlkhkskDlbnnlu, f`o` ui biscft` cifeciquc quc cst trktkih` hc hcrruodkr uird`e ` hctcicr ui vclfue` ci o`vbobcit`, hcd` hcpcihcr hc obbitcebmcifbk pkrk f`ocitkr s`drc Duhhlkml`sk. Kuiquc eks pcrs`ikscif`itrkri ob csgucrz` ktr`z, f`o` ui duhbstk, cst`y f`opectkocitcsktbsgcfl` f`i e` quc cst`y lkfbcih`, p`rquc cst`y bitr`hufbcih` `prcscitkih` ek tc`rk f`rrcftk pkrk ek cisckizk hc ek h`ftrbik hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, ce f`rkzi hce Duhbso`.

Ek H`ftrbik hc ek @rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc cs ek Wcrhkh Qcrgcftk

Ek oky`rk hc eks pcrs`iks rcekfb`iki eks Fuktr` I`decs Wcrhkhcs fukih`ce f`rkzi hce Duhbso` sc ocifb`ik. Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cs ek Wcrhkh pcrgcftk y etbok/hcfbsbvk> p`r cstk rkzi, sc eceekok oklk-krbykskffk ^ek Mrki Wcrhkh_. Ceek sc hcdc kikebzkr lkstk qucsc citbcihk f`opectkocitc. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cxbstc ci

i`s`tr`s fksb k fkhk o`ocit`> sbi codkrm` i` cstko`s f`isfbcitcs hccs`.

Fukequbcrk quc cs fkpkz hc f`oprcihcr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc tbcic ek fkpkfbhkh hc pkrtbfbpkr f`i su pr`pbk prftbfk ygbikebzkr ce sugrbobcit`. Q`r `trk pkrtc, hcdco`s f`isbhcrkr iucstrkrcsp`iskdbebhkh ce citcihcrek y ce kyuhkr k e`s hcos pkrk quc tkodbi ekcitbcihki. Csc cs ce hcsc` hce Duhk. Vb e` p`hco`s lkfcr, cit`ifcs ekf`oprcisbi hce Duhk hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i` scr ci vki`.

Cs` cs f`o` eks Fuktr` I`decs Wcrhkhcs. Vb ikhbc eks citbcihc, cit`ifcsce Hlkrok hce Duhk cs bitbe. Cscifbkeocitc, ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc cs os bop`rtkitc quc eks Fuktr` I`decs Wcrhkhcs. Ceek cs ekWcrhkh pcrgcftk y etbok 7 . Hcdco`s kyuhkri`s outukocitc kf`oprcihcrek y pr`o`vcrek k t`h`s e`s duhbstks. Cstk cs ek rkzi

7I`tk hc Rbi Zlb Vlknyk: R` hbrk cs ek Wcrhkh pcrgcftk y hcfbsbvk.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

prbifbpke hc p`r qu cstko`s kikebzkih` ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc, oklk-krbykskffk.

K f`itbiukfbi sc cxp`ici uiks prcmuitks/muks quc i`s kyuhki kcitcihcr ek h`ftrbik:

[u cs ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc0Q`r qu tcico`s quc skdcr/f`i`fcr kfcrfk hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc0Fuecs s`i e`s dcicgbfb`s hc citcihcr ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc0[u ot`h` usko`s pkrk gbikebzkr ce sugrbobcit`0

[u cs ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc0

Cstk h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sckek fo` ce sugrbobcit`f`obcizk y tcrobik. Ceek rcvcek quc ce prbifbpb` y ce gbike hce sugrbobcit`s`i gcioci`s ffebf`s ikturkecs outukocitc hcpcihbcitcs> quc cee`s i`sc hcdci ktrbdubr ` i` tbcici ek fkrkftcrstbfk hc p`hrscecsbifuepkrk gkitksoks, hbvbibhkhcs, citbhkhcs cspbrbtukecs u `trks f`sks. Cesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc s`i kf`itcfbobcit`s ikturkecs hcdbh` k eksf`ihbfb`ics bitcrhcpcihbcitcs. Fukih` fkhk gksc hce pr`fcs` eecmk hcdbh`k eks f`ihbfb`ics quc ek kyuhki outukocitc, ce sugrbobcit` f`obcizk `sc hctbcic. Ce pktbffkci Qktbffkskouppkhksbmibgbfk outukocitchcpcihbcitc, obcitrks quc skouppkhk sbmibgbfk `furrbrsbouetickocitc. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, p`r e` tkit`, `furrchcdbh` k eks f`ihbfb`ics ffebfks fkuskecs y outukocitc

hcpcihbcitcs.

Ek h`ftrbik hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc tkodbi cxpebfk quc ibimuikpcrs`ik, ` y`, ` scr sbitbcitc cxbstc, ` quc ibimuik pcrs`ik, `y`, ` scr sbitbcitc trkisobmrk sufcsbvkocitc. X`h` sc okibgbcstk,rcsbhc/vbsbtk y cxpbrk ikturkeocitc. K trkvs hc f`oprcihcr ek h`ftrbik,ui` puchc vcr quc i` cxbstc ibimuik pcrs`ik, y`, ` scrcssbitbcitcs f`i ui cm`. Ek h`ftrbik hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sckekfo` ce sugrbobcit` f`obcizk y tcrobik y quc ce prbifbpb` y ce gbike hcesugrbobcit` s`i hcdbh` k f`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs outukocitc hcpcihbcitcs.Ci cstc scitbh`, ek pcrs`ik, ce y`, y e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs s`isupcrgeu`s/biicfcskrb`s.

Khcos, e`s gcioci`s ffebf`s outukocitc hcpcihbcitcs f`obcizki ytcrobiki f`i mrki bitcisbhkh y ci ui hcstcee` ` hbrko`s ci ui kdrbr yfcrrkr hc `j`s. E`s pciskobcit`s surmci f`i mrki bitcisbhkh y ui hcstcee`.Ce ci`j` eecmk f`i mrki bitcisbhkh y ci ui hcstcee`. Ci ek vbhk hbkrbk,fukih` uik kffbi ocitke `furrc ci ui hcstcee` y mcicrk sugrbobcit`, ceek

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

hcvbcic ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc bistkitic`. Si` sc sbcitcl`rr`rbzkh` sb ek pcrs`ik puchc pcrfbdbr tkecs gcioci`s. Vb ui` i` puchc,cit`ifcs ek pcrs`ik cst bif`isfbcitc hc cee`s. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc,pkrk hcsfrbdbre` ci ce ecimukjc `rhbikrb`, cs uik kffbi ocitke bitcisk k ekvce`fbhkh hc ui rky`, quc mcicrke sugrbobcit` ci iucstrk vbhk hbkrbk.

Q`r qu Xcico`s quc Vkdcr/F`i`fcr Kfcrfk hce Vurmbobcit`Hcpcihbcitc0

Hcdco`s skdcr y f`i`fcr ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`i ce pr`psbt` hckprcihcr y prkftbfkr. Q`rquc ikhbc e` citbcihc, cs` lk eecmkh` k scr uikgkekfbk. Ek gkekfbk hc pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks cs sbobekr k ek frccifbk hceDlbnnlu Vktb: V`ekocitc ek f`isfbcifbk cs ek quc vk y vbcic ci cesoskrk. Ce Dlbnnlu bisbstk quc lkdk uik pcrs`ik, ui y`, ` ui scrsbitbcitc ci ek f`isfbcifbk, quc lkdbtk ci ce soskrk hcshc ui tbcop` hcvbhk ke prxbo`. Frccr quc ek f`isfbcifbk tbcic uik pcrs`ik, ui y`, `ui scr sbitbcitc quc ruchki ` vki y vbcici pcrpctukocitc ci cesoskrk cs uik gkekfbk rcsuetkitc hc ek bmi`rkifbk hc ek ikturkeczk hcesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.

X`h`s e`s dlbnnlus trktkr`i hc f`ivcifcr ke Dlbnnlu Vktb pkrk quckdkih`ikrk ek gkekfbk, pcr` ce Dlbnnlu Vktb cstkdk gbroc ci su puit` hcvbstk. E`s dlbnnlus cit`ifcs ec f`itkr`i ke Duhk kfcrfk hce ksuit` y ceDuhk ec lkde ke Dlbnnlu Vktb. Ce Duhk ec prcmuit: Wcrhkhcrkocitctbcics csc f`ifcpt`0 Dlbnnlu Vktb rcsp`ihb: Cst s`ekocitc ek

f`isfbcifbk quc vk y vbcic ci ce soskrk. Cit`ifcs ce Duhk prcmuit:Fue cs ek f`isfbcifbk hc quc lkdeks0. Ce Dlbnnlu Vktb hbj`: WcicrkdecDuhk, ek f`isfbcifbk cs ek citbhkh quc puchc lkdekr, scitbr, ` rcfbdbr t`hkseks rcpcrfusb`ics nrobfks.

Cstk crk uik gkekfbk ouy scrbk: uik f`isfbcifbk quc gkfbebtk ce lkdekr, cescitbr y rcfbdc t`hks eks rcpcrfusb`ics nrobfks.

Eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks i` skdci p`r qu cst` cs uik gkekfbk, p`rquc ceeksfrcci, ke bmuke quc ce Dlbnnlu Vktb, quc ek f`isfbcifbk cxbstcpcrpctukocitc. Hkh` quc cee`s kftki uskih` csk bhck, cee`s i` ekf`isbhcrki uik gkekfbk.

Cs gkes` frccr quc ek f`isfbcifbk cs pcrpctuk, quc ceek cxbstc y kftk p`r sbobsok, y quc i` lky surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ek f`isfbcifbk, uikokicrk hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, cst fkrcitc hc cm`. Ceek scokibgbcstk ci ui bistkitc p`r ek bitcrkffbi hc eks f`ihbfb`icshcpcihbcitcs outuks, y ceek kvkizk k ctkpks sufcsbvks.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Ce Dlbnnlu Vktb okitcik quc lkdk ui cm` ` uik f`isfbcifbk f`i ui cm`quc bdk y vcibk ci ce soskrk ` r`hkdk hc uik vbhk k ek prxbok. Cstkf`isfbcifbk i` s`ekocitc cxbstk ci ce bistkitc sbi` quc tkodbi pcrsbstk

` f`itbiukdk ci ek prxbok vbhk. e bhcitbgbfkdk ce cm` quc p`hk lkdekr,scitbr ` rcfbdbr ek pcrfcpfbi ` f`isfbcifbk hc rcpcrfusb`ics nrobfks.

Ce puit` hc vbstk `rhbikrb` ` f`oi prcvbcic k eks pcrs`iks hc vcr ekgkekfbk. Ek f`isfbcifbk cst hcspr`vbstk hc cm`. Vb ek f`isfbcifbk cxbstc,cit`ifcs cs ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ceek cs ui gcioci` ikturkeokibgcstkh` k trkvs hc kf`itcfbobcit`s sufcsbv`s hcdbh` k eksf`ihbfb`ics hcpcihbcitcs outuks> ceek i` cs uik citbhkh.

Fukecs s`i e`s Dcicgbfb`s hc Citcihcr ce Vurmbobcit`Hcpcihbcitc0

Ce citcihbobcit` hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i`s fkpkfbtk k rcluskr ekgkekfbk y pr`fcskr ce Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft` pkrk ebdcrkri`s t`tkeocitchce sugrbobcit`. Cs uik frccifbk crrick quc uik pcrs`ik cst prcscitcy rccifkric ci ui scr sbitbcitc ci pkrtbfuekr hcdbh` ke nkook. Vb ui`crrickocitc frcc quc ek f`isfbcifbk cs cm`, cst`ifcs csk pcrs`ikcxpcrbocitkr ce sugrbobcit`, y scr bifkpkz hc ebdcrkrsc k s obso` hc e^ce sugrbobcit`_. Q`r e` tkit`, ui` hcdc skdcr/f`i`fcr ek ikturkeczk hc ekf`isfbcifbk, ek fuke cs ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ci cstk g`rok, ui`

puchc cebobikr t`tkeocitc ce sugrbobcit` uskih` ce Quit` hc WbstkF`rrcft`, ce citcihbobcit` f`rrcft`. Hc kfucrh` k e`s suttks Qkeb,F`isfbcifbk cs surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Cs ui gcioci` quc surmchcdbh` k eks f`ihbfb`ics hcpcihbcitcs outuks. Vbi csks f`ihbfb`icsfkuskecs, i` lky f`isfbcifbk.

Vb ek f`isfbcifbk tbcic ui fucrp` prbifbpke/fcitrke, cit`ifcs sc puchcokibgcstkr p`r su pr`pbk bibfbktbvk y i` tbcic quc hcpcihcr hc eksf`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs. Ek vcrhkh cs quc ek f`isfbcifbk i` puchc cxbstbrbihcpcihbcitcocitc. Vbi codkrm`, ceek cs tki bigbibtcsboke quc i`scif`itrko`s k i`s`tr`s obso`s pciskih`, sbitbcih`, y pcrobtbcih` ceI`odrc y ek G`rok (fucrp` y ocitc) pkrk cjcfutkr ce trkdkj`. Q`r cstkrkzi, i`s`tr`s cqubv`fkhkocitc pcisko`s quc lky ui fucrp`prbifbpke/fcitrke ci i`s`tr`s, y e` eekoko`s f`isfbcifbk. Ek h`ftrbik hcesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i`s kyuhk k kdkih`ikr tke gkekfbk pkrk ekfcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`.

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[u Ot`h` Ssko`s pkrk Gbikebzkr ce Vugrbobcit`0

F`o` e`s prbifbpb`s f`ouics u `rhbikrb`s pr`oucvci, cs k trkvs hc ekprftbfk f`rrcftk, ek g`rok pr`pbk hc vbvbr ` ek g`rok hc vbhk f`rrcftk. Ekg`rok pr`pbk hc vbvbr cs uskih` ek skdbhurk pkrk vcifcr ek bmi`rkifbk,

uskih` ce f`i`fbobcit` pkrk hctcicr ek g`rok t`itk ` cstpbhk hc vbvbr, `okitcicr ek ktcifbi, cspcfbkeocitc f`i e`s f`itkft`s cxtcri`s. Ek g`rokhc vbvbr f`rrcftk cs tcicr ek pcrgcftk Ktcifbi F`rrcftk ci ek vbhk. Q`r e`tkit`, lky ci ek vbhk hc ui` Vkdbhurk ` Quit` hc Wbstk F`rrcft`, i` lkyt`itcrk c bmi`rkifbk. Ek g`rok hc vbhk F`rrcftk cs uik vbhk sbisugrbobcit`.

E`s @ifc Cstkh`s hce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc

Ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc quc sc cisck ci ce prcscitc,i` cst hc kfucrh` f`i e`s suttks Qkeb `rbmbikecs ` prbobtbv`s. E` quc hbfcci e`s suttks Qkeb `rbmbikecs cs hbgcrcitc hc e` quc lk sbh` pkskh` lkstkl`y ci hk. Ci e`s suttks Qkeb, ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cs uik fkhcikhc sbctc cstkh`s, quc f`op`ic ui fbfe`, obcitrks quc e`s `ifc cstkh`sf`o` sc cxpebfki l`y ci hk, bifeuyci trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk: e`s tbcop`shc vbhks pkskhks, prcscitcs y guturks. Csc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i` scpuchc uskr ci iucstrk prftbfk.

E`s suttks `rbmbikecs Qkeb hcfekrki quc fkhk vcz quc cxpcrbocitko`s uikbisktbsgkffbi ` bif`o`hbhkh, e`s `ifc cstkh`s s`i outukocitchcpcihbcitcs y cee`s kvkizki sufcsbvkocitc pkrk mcicrkr ui surmbobcit`

hcpcihbcitc. Q`r cstk rkzi, ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc i` tbcic qucbifeubr trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk, ` ui tbcop` hc vbhk, ui k`, ui ocs, ` uihk. Ce pr`fcs` f`opect` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc y ce sugrbobcit` qucrcsuetk puchc p`sbdecocitc `furrbr y tcrobikr ci ui bistkitc. Vb cesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc cisck crrickocitc, e hcvbcic bitbe ypr`v`fk ` hcscifkhcik krmuocit`s sbi scitbh`. Vbi codkrm`, sb sccxpebfk hc kfucrh` k e`s suttks Qkeb prbobtbv`s, ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitcpuchc pr`vccr dcicgbfb`s sbmibgbfkitcs p`rquc rcsucevc hbrcftkocitciucstr`s pr`decoks hbkrb`s.

Si` hcdc prbocr` f`i`fcr e`s `ifc cstkh`s hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitcpkrk citcihcr ocj`r ce ksuit`:

;. Ek Bmi`rkifbk f`ieecvk/mcicrk ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk: ek Kffbi W`ebtbvkcocrmc p`rquc ek Bmi`rkifbk cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

4. Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk f`ieecvk/mcicrk ek F`isfbcifbk: ek F`isfbcifbkcocrmc p`rquc ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

6. Ek F`isfbcifbk f`ieecvk/mcicrk ce I`odrc-y-G`rok: ce I`odrc-y-G`rok cocrmc p`rquc ek F`isfbcifbk cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

8. Ce I`odrc-y-G`rok f`ieecvk/mcicrk ek Dksc ` Guihkocit` hc e`s Vcbs

Vcitbh`s: ek Dksc hc e`s Vcbs Vcitbh`s cocrmc p`rquc ce I`odrc-y-G`rokcs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

3. Eks Dkscs hc e`s Vcbs scitbh`s f`ieecvk/mcicrk ce F`itkft`: ce F`itkft`cocrmc p`rquc ek Dksc hc e`s Vcbs Vcitbh`s cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

7. Ce F`itkft` mcicrk ce Vcitbobcit`: ce Vcitbobcit` cocrmc p`rquc ceF`itkft` cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

=. Ce scitbobcit` mcicrk ce Hcsc`/Kilce`: ce Hcsc` cocrmc p`rquc ceVcitbobcit` cs su f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Vb ustchcs cstuhbki e`s suttks Qkeb, hcsfudrbri quc ce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc i` cs ks. I` icfcsbtk trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk pkrk f`opectkr uipr`fcs`. Hcpcihbcih` ci ek fbrfuistkifbk, s`ekocitc ui`, h`s ` trcsbistkitcs s`i sugbfbcitcs pkrk f`opectkr ce pr`fcs`.

Ce Vugrbobcit` Hcdbh` ke Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc Hcpcihc hceKpcm`

Ce sugrbobcit` ci ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc rcqubcrc ce Kpcm` f`o`f`ihbfbi hc kp`y`. Q`r cjcope`, sb ui fkopcsbi` quc trkdkjk dkj` ce s`ei` sc kmkrrk k ek bhck hc: @l, tcim` oufl` fke`r! Ek sciskfbi hcoufl` fke`r se` scr uik sciskfbi ikturke, y i` ui sugrbobcit` hcdbh`ke surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ek sciskfbi ikturke rcsuetk hc ui cstboue`cxtcri`, pcr` p`rquc ek ocitc i` sc kpcmk k ceek, i` lky scitbobcit`pcrs`ike hc sugrbobcit`. Ce sugrbobcit` ci ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, sbicodkrm`, cs brrbtkfbi cxpcrbocitkhk hcdbh` ke kpcm`/kmkrrc hc ek ocitck ek sciskfbi hce cstboue` cxtcri`. Ce sugrbobcit` hcdbh` ke surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc rcqubcrc Kpcm`, y muk k ek cocrmcifbk/surmbobcit` hce cm`.Vb ce fkopcsbi` hcvbcic kmbtkh` p`r pciskr: Q`rquc s`y ui fkopcsbi`,cs ob nkook lkfcr cstk ekd`r, e sc scitbr kdktbh` y hcskibokh`. Kepciskr ci cstk g`rok, cocrmc ce sugrbobcit` hcdbh` ke surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc.

Vb ce fke`r hce fkopcsbi` mcicrkh` p`r ce s`e s`drc su fucrp`, sc trktk

f`o` uik sciskfbi ikturke, y i` lky kpcm`, cit`ifcs ce cm` i`cocrmcr. Q`r e` tkit`, i` lky sugrbobcit` ci ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc. Fukih` lky Kpcm`, ce sugrbobcit` sc hcskrr`eek t`tkeocitc.Csc cs ui sugrbobcit` ci ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Vb iucstrk oki`cst skimrkih` p`r ek lcrbhk hc uik f`rtkhk y scitbo`s ce h`e`r sbi Kpcm`,cs uik sciskfbi ikturke y i` ui sugrbobcit` ci ui surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc.

Ce sugrbobcit` ci ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc hcdc eecmkr hc ui pr`fcs`f`opect` hc Bmi`rkifbk, Kffbi W`ebtbvk, F`isfbcifbk, I`odrc-y-G`rok,eks Vcbs-Dkscs-Vcis`rbkecs, F`itkft`, Vcitbobcit`, Hcsc`, Kpcm`, Hcvcibr,Ikfbobcit` y Wcjcz-y-Oucrtc.

E`s duhbstks citbcihci quc fukih` eks Vcbs Tkfcs lkfci f`itkft` f`i e`sVcbs @djct`s, y cs`s @djct`s tbcici vke`r ` sbmibgbfkifbk, cit`ifcs e`s Vcbs@djct`s kp`yki ek cocrmcifbk ` ce surmbobcit` hc ek Bmi`rkifbk. Q`rcjcope`, ce sugrbobcit` i` sc cxpcrbocitk sb ui` vc ui rd`e y uik pbchrkf`o` bisbmibgbfkitc, obcitrks quc scr uik f`sk hbgcrcitc sb ui` vc k ui

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

tbmrc, uik oujcr, ` kem` hc sbmibgbfkifbk/rcecvkifbk/bop`rtkifbk. Vb uipcrr` okfl` vc k uik oujcr dceek, cstk etbok scr bisbmibgbfkitc pkrk cepcrr`. Vbi codkrm`, sb ui l`odrc j`vci vc uik dceek oujcr, ceek scr hcmrki bop`rtkifbk pkrk e. Kqu ce vcr hce pcrr` okfl` i` cs pcrtbicitcci ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, sbi` ce vcr hce l`odrc j`vci.

Ce rd`e, ek lbcrdk y eks pbchrks s`i bisbmibgbfkitcs ci uik sbtukfbi`rhbikrbk, pcr` ui hbkokitc, uik cstktuk hc uik hbvbibhkh, ` ui rd`e f`iui sbmibgbfkh` cspcfbke puchci fkuskr ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ci cefbttk ^i`tk ke pbc #3_. Q`r e` tkit`, hcdco`s f`ifeubr quc fukih` eksVcbs Tkfcs lkfci f`itkft` f`i e`s Vcbs @djct`s, e`s Vcbs @djct`s hcdciscr bop`rtkitcs/rcecvkitcs pkrk ce cspcftkh`r/`dscrvkh`r p`rquc cee`s`fksb`iki ek bmi`rkifbk, ek cstupbhcz y ek f`igusbi. V`ekocitc ci cs`sf`itkft`s ek F`isfbcifbk surmbr ke bistkitc y kvkizkr lkfbk ek KffbiW`ebtbvk. Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk puchc mcicrke I`odrc-y-G`rok lkfbcih` cefucrp` y ocitc hce `dscrvkh`r ki`roke y skevkjc. F`iscfucitcocitc, cefucrp` y ek ocitc cxpcrbocitki ce sugrbobcit`.

Fukih` ce I`odrc-y-G`rok sc trkisg`rok, e`s `j`s, `rcjks, ikrbz, ecimuk,fucrp` y ocitc hcvbcici eks Vcbs Tkfcs ki`rokecs y skevkjcs. Cepr`fcs` cit`ifcs f`itbiuk sufcsbvkocitc hcsf`itr`ekh` f`i ce F`itkft`,Vcitbobcit`, Hcsc`, Kpcm`, Hcvcibr, y gbikeocitc Ikfbobcit`. CeIkfbobcit` cs ce surmbobcit` t`tke hce cm`. Khcos p`r ce Kpcm`, ceIkfbobcit`, ek Wcjcz y Oucrtc, ` eks hbgcrcitcs fekscs hc sugrbobcit`puchci cocrmcr biochbktkocitc.

E` quc kfkdko`s hc ocifb`ikr cs ui cjcope` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc quc `furrc ci ek vbhk hbkrbk. Cs ui pr`fcs` f`opect` hc `ifccstkh`s hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ci ui bistkitc. Quchc lkdcr hcfciks` fcitciks hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitcs `furrbcih` ci ui hk sbi quci`s`tr`s cstco`s f`isfbcitcs hc cee`s. Q`r csk rkzi, hcfbr quc ce pr`fcs`hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc f`ieecvk ` bifeuyc trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk cs gkes`.

Eks pcrs`iks mcicrkeocitc citbcihci oke ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc. Frccr quc ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc bifeuyctrcs tbcop`s hc vbhk cs hcsvbkrsc hce sbmibgbfkh` `rbmbike hc e`s Vuttks Qkeb

`rbmbikecs ` prbobtbv`s. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`obcizk y sc hctbcick uik vce`fbhkh hc rceopkm`, mcicrk sugrbobcit` y `furrc ci iucstrkvbhk hbkrbk.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Ce Duhk Hcsfudrb ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc

Fo` ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sc `rbmbi0 Ci ceVkoyuttk-ibnkyk, ce Duhk lkde hce hcsfudrbobcit` hce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc hcspus hc scbs k`s hc prftbfk kustcrk. K f`itbiukfbi cst

e` quc ce Duhk hbj` ci e`s suttks Qkeb:

- Dlbnnlus, kitcs hc hcvcibr beuobikh` y fukih` t`hkvk crk uid`hlbskttvk, yk lkdk f`oprcihbh` quc t`h`s e`s scrcs sbitbcitcscxpcrbocitki ce sugrbobcit` ci ikfbobcit`, vcjcz, oucrtc y rcikfbobcit`.Vb e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs i` f`i`fci ce ot`h` pkrk ek fcskfbi hcesugrbobcit`, fo` sc sup`ic quc cee`s sc ebdcrci hce sugrbobcit`0Dlbnnlus, y` prcmuit`, p`r qu lky vcjcz y oucrtc0 Fuecs s`i eksf`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs pkrk ek vcjcz y ek oucrtc0 Q`rquc y` hbcstrkocitcoc lc csg`rzkh` ci ce citrcikobcit` ocitke, y` lc hcskrr`eekh` ekVkdbhurk hc hbsfcribobcit`.

Ce Ikfbobcit` cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Wcjcz y ek Oucrtc. Ek Wcjcz y ekOucrtc surmci hce Ikfbobcit`.

Hcvcibr cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Ikfbobcit`. Ce Ikfbobcit` surmc hceHcvcibr.

Ce Kpcm` cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk Hcvcibr. Ce Hcvcibr surmc hce Kpcm`.

Ce Hcsc`/Kilce` cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Kpcm`. Ce Kpcm` surmc hce

Hcsc`.

Ce Vcitbobcit` cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Hcsc`. Ce Hcsc` surmc hceVcitbobcit`.

Ce F`itkft` cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Vcitbobcit`. Ce Vcitbobcit` surmc hceF`itkft`.

Eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce F`itkft`. Ce F`itkft`surmc hc eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs.

Ce I`odrc-y-G`rok cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs. EksVcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs surmci hce I`odrc-y-G`rok.

Ek F`isfbcifbk cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ce I`odrc-y-G`rok. Ce I`odrc-y-G`rok surmc hc ek F`isfbcifbk.

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Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ek F`isfbcifbk. Ek F`isfbcifbksurmc hc ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk.

Ek Bmi`rkifbk cs uik f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk. Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvksurmc hc ek Bmi`rkifbk.

Vudscfucitcocitc, y` lc ochbtkh` ci cs` hc iucv` ci `trk g`rok:

Ek Bmi`rkifbk cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk.Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ek F`isfbcifbk.Ek F`isfbcifbk cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok.Ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok cs f`ihbfbi pkrk eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs.Eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce F`itkft`.Ce F`itkft` cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Vcitbobcit`.Ce Vcitbobcit` cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Hcsc`.Ce Hcsc` cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Kpcm`.Ce Kpcm` cs f`ihbfbi pkrk Hcvcibr.Ce Hcvcibr cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ce Ikfbobcit`.Ce Ikfbobcit` cs f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Wcjcz y ek Oucrtc.Dlbnnlus, eks pcrs`iks iuifk lki `h` s`drc ek skdbhurk quc f`iqubstk cesugrbobcit`. Ek skdbhurk hce hbsfcribobcit`, ce `j` hce Hlkook, y ekcebobikfbi, t`h`s lki surmbh` ci o.

Cstc cs ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ` fkhcik hc sugrbobcit` quc ce Duhkhcsfudrb fukih` eecm k beuobikrsc. Ce Duhk tkodbi hcsfudrb quc cesugrbobcit` sc mcicrk k trkvs hc e`s `ifc cstkh`s hce surmbobcit`

hcpcihbcitc. Fukih` ui` quc cst h`obikh` p`r ek Bmi`rkifbk (ekkuscifbk hc Ktcifbi F`rrcftk) lkfc f`itkft` f`i e` fbrfuihkitc, ci cscbistkitc ek F`isfbcifbk cocrmc. Ek F`isfbcifbk i` cs uik citbhkhpcrpctuk. Ceek sc okibgbcstk s`ekocitc fukih` eks Tkfcs lkfci f`itkft`f`i e` quc ec fbrfuihk. Hcspus hc cs`, ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk, ek gucrzko`tbvkh`rk pkrk frckr ui iucv` I`odrc-y-G`rok, cocrmc rpbhkocitcsbmubcih` ek okibgcstkfbi hc ek F`isfbcifbk. Ce iucv` I`odrc-y-G`rokcit`ifcs cxpcrbocitkr ce sugrbobcit`, y mcicrkr eks Vcbs DkscsVcis`rbkecs quc s`stbcici ce sugrbobcit`. Vudscfucitcocitc, ce F`itkft`,ce Vcitbobcit`, ce Hcsc`, ce Kpcm`, ce Hcvcibr ` Eecmkr k Vcr y ce

Ikfbobcit` (ce surmbobcit` hce cm`) cocrmci ui` hcspus hce `tr`. Cicstc puit`, eks f`ihbfb`ics pkrk ce sugrbobcit` csti f`opectks.

Hc e` quc skdco`s s`drc ce Duhbso` y ek lbst`rbk hce l`odrc, ce Duhk gucce prbocr` ci hcsfudrbr ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Hcspus quc e e`hcsfudrb, sc beuobi. Ks guc f`o` ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc sc `rbmbi hc kfucrh` k e`s suttks Qkeb.

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Hcvcibr y Ikfcr ci ce Ecimukjc hc ek @rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc

Ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sc cxp`ic k trkvs hce ecimukjchce Hlkook, quc e` uski eks pcrs`iks quc lki vbst` ce hlkook, y i` ktrkvs hce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk, quc e` uski eks pcrs`iks quc s`i

bmi`rkitcs hce Hlkook hce Duhk.

Vb i`s`tr`s usko`s ce ecimukjc hc fkhk hk pkrk cxpebfkr ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc, lkdr f`igusbi y gketk hc citcihbobcit`. Q`r cjcope`, ekbeuobikfbi hce Duhk dkj` ce rd`e D`hlb guc ek fcskfbi hc ek Bmi`rkifbk.F`i ek fcskfbi hc ek bmi`rkifbk surmb ek fcskfbi hc ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk, ekF`isfbcifbk y ce I`odrc-y-G`rok. Q`r qu cit`ifcs ce Duhk i` ourb0Fukih` ce Duhk kefkiz ek beuobikfbi, cs` guc ek fcskfbi hc ekBmi`rkifbk. F`i ek fcskfbi hc ek Bmi`rkifbk eecm ek fcskfbi hc ek KffbiW`ebtbvk. Q`r qu cit`ifcs ce Duhk i` ourb dkj` ce rd`e D`hlb0 Cs` csp`rquc ce ecimukjc hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc cs ce ecimukjc hceHlkook. Q`r e` tkit`, ce Ikfbobcit` y Oucrtc i` sbmibgbfki ce ikfbobcit`` oucrtc hce fucrp` gsbf`.

Vb e`s trobi`s sc okecitbcihci, f`o` fukih` sc usk ce ecimukjc hc fkhkhk, cit`ifcs ui pr`fcs` hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc f`ieecvkrk h`sg`roks hc ikfbobcit`. Si` cs ce ikfbobcit` hce I`odrc-y-G`rok (hc ekuibi scxuke hc e`s pkhrcs)> `tr` cs ce ikfbobcit` ci ek prxbok vbhk. Vblky h`s ikfbobcit`s, cit`ifcs ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc sc sup`ihrkbifeubrk trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk: pkskh`, prcscitc y gutur`. Ci csc puit`, uipr`fcs` f`opect` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc scrk hcslbevkikh`, y i`

scrbk hc kfucrh` f`i ek h`ftrbik hce Duhk hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc.Ek pkrtc os fobfk cs, quc bifeus` lky h`s g`roks hc ikfbobcit` ci cesurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, i` lky h`s g`roks hc oucrtc. Cst` cs p`rquch`s g`roks hc oucrtc s`i bif`oprcisbdecs.

Hc kfucrh` k ek h`ftrbik, ce Hcvcibr y ce Ikfbobcit` ci ce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc i` sc `rbmbiki hc ek oktrbz hc ek okhrc sbi` hce Kpcm`,h`ihc ek cxpcrbcifbk/`furrcifbk hc ui cm` sc hcskrr`eek> cs` sc eekokIkfbobcit`. Cst` sc puchc pr`dkr k trkvs hc e`s suttks Qkeb.

Ci e`s suttks, ce Duhk hbj`: Ce Kpcm` k cs` quc trkc hcebfbk. Cst` sbmibgbfkquc fukih` ce F`itkft` trkc ce Vcitbobcit`, i` bop`rtk sb ce Vcitbobcit`sc bitcrprct f`o` sugrbobcit`, pekfcr, ` i`-sugrbobcit`-y-i`-pekfcr, lkyhcebfbk ci e. Cst` cs Kpcm`. Fukequbcr g`rok hc hcebfbk cs Kpcm`p`rquc ek hcebfbk s`stbcic ce Kpcm`. Fukih` lky hcebfbk, lky Kpcm`.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Hcebfbk kqu sc rcgbcrc k ek sktbsgkffbi ci ek pcrpecjbhkh/bif`oprcisbi.Hc kfucrh` ke Duhk, hcebfbk cs Kpcm`. Fukih` cstko`s sktbsgcfl`s f`ifbcrtk f`sk, cstko`s kgcrrkh`s k ceek. Lky hcebfbk ci ce Vcitbobcit`, ksquc hcebfbk cs Kpcm`. Q`r e` tkit`, fukih` cxpcrbocitko`s Vcitbobcit`,ek hcebfbk cocrmc bistkitickocitc> cs` cs Kpcm`. Hce Kpcm` eecmk ce

Hcvcibr, hce Hcvcibr eecmk ce Ikfbobcit`, hce Ikfbobcit` eecmk ek Wcjcz y ekOucrtc. Cst` cs sugrbobcit`.

Hcvcibr y Ikfcr eecmki hce Vcitbobcit`, ce Hcsc` y ce Kpcm`. Cee`s i`tbcici quc cspcrkr ek trkisobmrkfbi hcspus hc ek oucrtc gsbfk pkrkcocrmcr. Hcvcibr ` Eecmkr k Vcr y Ikfcr puchc sufchcr ci fukequbcrtbcop` y eumkr. Cee`s puchci sufchcr ouflks vcfcs ke hk. Fukih` ceVcitbobcit` ci rckffbi lkfbk ek Bmi`rkifbk cxbstc, uik fbcrtk feksc hchcebfbk, hcdbh` k ek pcrpecjbhkh/f`igusbi, sc hcskrr`eek. Cst` cs Kpcm`>hcspus hce fuke ek Cxbstcifbk/Ikfbobcit` y ce Ikfbobcit` sc hcskrr`eeki.Q`r e` tkit`, Hcvcibr y Ikfcr cocrmci ci ui bistkitc, y cee`s sufchciouflks vcfcs ke hk.

Ci ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook, ce hcskrr`ee` hce cm` y ek p`scsbvbhkh hce cm`,quc cs ui sufcs`/bifbhcitc hce Hcvcibr y Ikfcr, puchci sufchcr ouflksvcfcs ke hk, fbcit`s hc vcfcs ci ui ocs, obecs hc vcfcs ci ui k`.

Ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc cs ui gcioci` quc sufchc ci ui bistkitc. ei` f`ieecvk trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk. Ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc`furrc ci ce hbkrb` vbvbr. Ek Bmi`rkifbk cs ce f`obciz` hc ui pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Fukih` ek Bmi`rkifbk sc cebobik, ce pr`fcs` i`

puchc f`itbiukr> cit`ifcs lky kuscifbk hc sugrbobcit`.

Ce Cm` I` Cst Qrcscitc ci ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc

Ek bitcrprctkfbi crrick hc ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i`cs s`ekocitc hcsgkv`rkdec ke prkftbfkitc sbi` quc tkodbi cs hkbik keDuhbso`. Ek frccifbk hc quc ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`ieecvk trcstbcop`s hc vbhk, quc i` cst dkskhk ci ce prbifbpb` hc e`s suttks Qkeb, csgkesk. Cs uik gkeschkh dkskhk yk sck ci pkekdrks ` ci ce sbmibgbfkh` hc e`ssuttks Qkeb.

Hc kfucrh` k e`s suttks Qkeb, ce Duhk hbj` quc ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitcs`i bistkitcs sufcsbv`s hc kf`itcfbobcit`s hcdbh` k eks f`ihbfb`icsbitcrhcpcihbcitcs. Ce pr`fcs` f`obcizk f`i ek Bmi`rkifbk y gbikebzk ci cesugrbobcit`. I` lky `trk f`sk biv`eufrkhk ci ce pr`fcs`.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Q`r e` tkit`, dkskh` ci eks cisckizks hce Duhk, cs kpkrcitc quc ekfrccifbk hc ui surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc quc f`ieecvk trcs tbcop`s hc vbhkcs gkesk. Ce pr`psbt` hce Duhk ci cisckr ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc crk cebobikr eks gkekfbks, hctcicr ce kpcm` ke y`, ek pcrs`ik,` e`s scrcs sbitbcitcs. Q`r csk rkzi, ce cm` i` cst prcscitc ci su

cxpebfkfbi hc ek fkhcik hc e`s `ifc cstkh`s hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.

Kl`rk, kemuiks pcrs`iks cxpebfki ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`o`tcibcih` uik citbhkh quc trkisobmrk trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk. Ekbisktbsgkffbi hc ui` ci su vbhk pkskhk sc hbfc scr ek fkusk hcrcpcrfusb`ics nrobfks ci su vbhk prcscitc. Eks rcpcrfusb`ics nrobfksci su vbhk prcscitc, hc iucv` hcvbcici uik iucvk bisktbsgkffbi qucfkuskr rcpcrfusb`ics nrobfks ci su prxbok vbhk. Obrih`e` hc cstkg`rok ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc biv`eufrk ui cm`, ui csprbtu, ui scrsbitbcitc, ` uik pcrs`ik trkisobmrk. Cstk guc ek frccifbk gkesk hce DlbnnluVktb. Ceek cst ci f`itrk hc eks cisckizks hce Duhk, h`ihc ce cm` i` cstprcscitc.

E`s Fuktr` Frbtcrb`s i`s hbfci tkodbi quc ce puit` hc vbstk hc uisurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`i cm` cs gkes`, p`rquc cs f`itrkrb` k e` quc ceDuhk cisc. E`s suttks Qkeb cxpebfki ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`o`bistkitcs sufcsbv`s hc cpbs`hb`s hcdbh` k eks f`ihbfb`icsbitcrhcpcihbcitcs. Ce cm` i` cst prcscitc sb ce sbmibgbfkh` `rbmbike hc e`ssuttks sc f`iscrv ` okituv`.

Ce Ecimukjc Hbkrb` I` Quchc Sskrsc pkrk Bitcrprctkr ek H`ftrbik hc ek

@rbmbikfbi Hcpcihbcitc.

Ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok ci ce Ecimukjc Hbkrb` y ci ce Ecimukjc hceHlkook

F`o` sc lk cxpebfkh` kitcs, ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc i`sc hcdc bitcrprctkr ci ce ecimukjc hbkrb`. Vb ek h`ftrbik sc bitcrprctk ci ceecimukjc hbkrb`, cit`ifcs e` sbmubcitc ludbcrk sufchbh`: Hcspus quc ceDuhk hcvbi` beuobikh`, e oucrc dkj` ce rd`e D`hlb biochbktkocitc.Cst` cs p`rquc ek Bmi`rkifbk fcsk hc lkfcr ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk, ekF`isfbcifbk y ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok. Q`r e` tkit` ce Duhk hcdb lkdcroucrt`, pcr` sbi codkrm` f`itbiu cisckih` su Hlkook p`r e`sprxbo`s 83 k`s. Cst` sbmibgbfk quc ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbihcpcihbcitc i` sc puchc bitcrprctkr uskih` ce ecimukjc hbkrb`. E` obso`vk pkrk ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ek cocrmcifbk `surmbobcit` hce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok i` sc puchc bitcrprctkr f`i ceecimukjc hbkrb` ` hc fkhk hk p`rquc ce Duhk cisc quc ce Vcitbobcit`

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s`stbcic ek hcebfbk, quc k su vcz hk surmbobcit` ke Hcsc`, ke Kpcm`, keHcvcibr y ke Ikfbobcit`. Ce ikfbobcit` kqu i` sc rcgbcrc ke ikfbobcit` hcefucrp` gsbf`, y sbobekrocitc, ek oucrtc i` sc rcgbcrc k ek cxpbrkfbi hcefucrp` gsbf`. Cee`s sc rcgbcrci ke Ikfbobcit` y Oucrtc ci ek ocitc: ceIkfbobcit` y ek Oucrtc hce cm`.

Q`r e` tkit`, ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok ci ek h`ftrbik sc hcdc bitcrprctkruskih` ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook. Ci ce ecimukjc hbkrb`, ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok cs ek ocitc y ce fucrp` gsbf` quc f`itbiki cxbstbcih` hcspusquc ui` ikfc. Ce kdlbhlkook hbfc ci hctkeec quc ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`roktbcic ikfbobcit`s bif`itkdecs k fkhk bistkitc, pcr` ci ce ecimukjc hceHlkook hce Duhk, fkhk ikfbobcit` sc `rbmbik hce f`itkft` citrc ekBmi`rkifbk y e` fbrfuihkitc ` fbrfuistkifbks quc ek r`hcki. Ce ikfbobcit`sc hctbcic s`ekocitc fukih` ce f`itkft` fcsk. Hc kfucrh` ke ecimukjchbkrb`, fkhk pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc tbcic h`s g`roks hcikfbobcit`. Q`rquc cs bif`oprcisbdec, sc cxpebfk f`o` biv`eufrkih` trcstbcop`s hc vbhk. Xke bitcrprctkfbi, sbi codkrm`, f`ieecvk ce f`ifcpt` hcuik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Ce Cstkh` hc Dsquchk p`r ce Ikfbobcit` ci ce Ecimukjc Hbkrb` yci ce Ecimukjc hce Hlkook

Ek hbgcrcifbk citrc ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook y ce ecimukjc hbkrb` sc puchccif`itrkr tkodbi ci ek bitcrprctkfbi hce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ceikfbobcit` (skodlkvcsb). Ke cjcfutkr e`s rbt`s duhbstks pkrk ek

hchbfkfbi, i`s`tr`s rcfbtko`s uik p`rfbi hce suttk pkrk ek hchbfkfbi:f`ifchcrecs k t`h`s e`s scrcs sbitbcitcscs`s quc lki ikfbh` ` csti cice cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ce ikfbobcit`ek gcebfbhkh. Cst` sc rcgbcrc kh`s fekscs hc scrcs sbitbcitcs: ui` quc yk lk ikfbh` (dlutk), y ui` quccst dusfkih` ce ikfbobcit`. Cstk cs ek bitcrprctkfbi hc eks pcrs`iks`rhbikrbks ci Xkbekihbk y `tr`s pkscs. E`s scrcs sbitbcitcs quc lki ikfbh`csti vbvbcih` kl`rk, f`o` ustchcs y y`. Ci fukih` k cs`s quc cstit`hkvk ci ce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ce ikfbobcit`, tbcici uikf`isfbcifbk quc cst sbi ui fkpkrkzi gsbf`, trksekhih`sc hc ui eumkr k`tr` dusfkih` ce ikfbobcit`. Cstk cs uik bitcrprctkfbi citcrkocitc ci ceecimukjc hbkrb`, y i` hc kfucrh` ke Hlkook hce Duhk.

Ce Duhbso` i` kd`mk p`r uik f`isfbcifbk ` citbhkh quc sc trksekhk hc uieumkr k `tr` dusfkih` ui ikfbobcit` ^` rcikfbobcit`, f`o` usukeocitcsc frcc_> cstk cs uik frccifbk s`stcibhk p`r eks pcrs`iks quc tbcici cef`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk. Ci ce Duhbso`, ek f`isfbcifbkcocrmc y cxpbrk ci ui bistkitc hc kfucrh` k ek ecy hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc. Cstk cs ob `pbibi: ce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ikfbobcit`

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hce Duhbso` sc bitcrprctk ci ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook> cs hbgcrcitc k ekbitcrprctkfbi hce ecimukjc hbkrb`. Ce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ikfbobcit`ci ce Duhbso` sc rcgbcrk k ui cstkh` quc, ci ce fks` hc eks pcrs`iks`rhbikrbks, t`hkvk csti sbi bisktbsgkffbi> ui cstkh` h`ihc lky kuscifbkhc Hcsc`, Kpcm`, ` kmkrrc ke y`.

Cs i`roke quc cxbstk ci ek vbhk hbkrbk ce Hcsc`, ce Kpcm` y ce kmkrrc k uicm` y k eks p`scsb`ics hce cm`, pcr` cee`s csti bikftbv`s ek oky`r pkrtchce tbcop`. Q`r cjcope`, cs`s hc ustchcs quc csti scitkh`s klcsfuflkih`, csti sbi cm` p`rquc i` csti hcsckih` ib kpcmkh`s k ikhk.Sstchcs i` tbcici ek beusbi hc ui cm`. Vbopecocitc csti scitkh`s kl,csfuflkih` ikturkeocitc y csti ci ui cstkh` i`roke y vkf`. Vbicodkrm`, fukih` ui hcsc` gucrtc y ui Kpcm` cocrmci, ec sbmuc cesugrbobcit` bitcis`. Eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks quc vbvci ci h`s cstkh`s:ui` h`ihc ikfc p`rquc lky Hcsc`, Kpcm` y ui y` sugrbcih`> y ui`h`ihc ui` cst ci ui cstkh` hc dsquchk hce ikfbobcit`. Cskspcrs`iks s`i `djct`s hc e`s rbt`s Duhbstk pkrk ek hchbfkfbi: cs`s qucikfci y s`i cstpbh`s y t`it`s, y cs`s quc csti ci ui cstkh` hcdsquchk hce ikfbobcit` c bif`isfbcitcs hc e` quc cst pkskih`.

Ce cstkh` hc dsquchk hc ikfbobcit` kitbfbpk ce ikfbobcit` hce cm` y ekp`scsbvbhkh hc e. Cs ui cstkh` ekocitkdec p`rquc ce cm` y ek p`scsbvbhkhhce cm` csti ebst`s pkrk cocrmcr ci fukequbcr o`ocit`. Fukih` ui`pbcrhc ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftk, y ce cm` y ek p`scsbvbhkh hce cm` schcskrr`eeki p`r ce f`itkft` citrc ek Bmi`rkifbk y e` fbrfuihkitc, lkyikfbobcit`. Vbi codkrm`, cstc ikfbobcit` y p`scsbvbhkh hce cm`

fkuskh`s p`r ce cm`so` ` cigkh` tbcic uik vbhk f`rtk. Fukih` cecm`so` ` ce cigkh` hcskpkrcfci, e` ikfbh` ^ce ikfbobcit` hce cm`_cxpbrk y rcmrcsk k ui cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ce ikfbobcit`. Cit`ifcshc iucv`, hcshc ce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ikfbobcit` eecmk ceikfbobcit` hce cm` y ek p`scsbvbhkh hce cm` p`r ce hcsc`, ce ci`j`, ce `hb`` ce tco`r. Q`r e` tkit`, ce pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` sc rcpbtc. Ci fkhkpr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, ce ikfbobcit` sc rcf`i`fc p`r eksf`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs. Fukih` cstks f`ihbfb`ics fkuskecs hcskpkrcfci, e`ikfbh` cxpbrk y rcmrcsk k ui cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ce ikfbobcit`.

Cstk bitcrprctkfbi hce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ikfbobcit` cs tbe ci ekprftbfk p`rquc ce prkftbfkitc puchc tcicr vcitkjks y dcicgbfb`s hc ceek, e`fuke cs hbgcrcitc f`i ek bitcrprctkfbi hc eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks, h`ihc ekf`isfbcifbk hcjk ce fucrp` y hckoduek dusfkih` ikfbobcit` hcspus hc ekoucrtc. R` i` frc` quc ce cstkh` hc dsquchk p`r ikfbobcit` sc hcdkbitcrprctkr hc kfucrh` ke ecimukjc hbkrb`. Cs` cs brrcecvkitc k ek h`ftrbik

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hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc y i` i`s dcicgbfbk. Kui pc`r, cs` kdrkzk `biv`eufrk ce f`ifcpt` hc uik cxbstcifbk f`itbiuk.

Ob frccifbk i`-f`ivcifb`ike ` i`-`rt`h`xk sc puchc pr`dkr uskih` e`ssuttks Qkeb. Ceek sc puchc cif`itrkr ci ce Vkoyuttk-ibnkyk, ci ce

rcmbstr` hc iutrbfbi oktcrbke (nkdkebinkrklkrk), iutrbfbi hc f`itkft`(plkssklkrk), iutrbfbi hc pciskobcit` (oki`skifctkiklkrk), iutrbfbihc f`isfbcifbk (vbiikiklkrk). Ce Duhk hbj` quc e`s Fuktr` Iutrbcitcs^fkttkr` klkrk_ fkpkfbtk k ek bitubfbi hce ikfbobcit` k vbvbr, y iutrc cecstkh` hc dsquchk hce ikfbobcit`.

Cxpebfkih` eks Fuktr` Iutrbfb`ics, ce Duhk tkodbi us ek kike`mk hc e`sFuktr` Iutrbcitcs/F`obhks ci e`s cvcit`s hbkrb`s. I`s`tr`s s`o`s scrcssbitbcitcs quc lco`s ikfbh` ci ui cstkh` hc dsquchk hce ikfbobcit`ci fukequbcr hk. Ek guifbi hc e`s Fuktr` Iutrbcitcs cs f`itbiukrkebocitkih` ce cstkh` hc dsquchk hc ikfbobcit`, pcr` su cgcft`cspcfbke cst f`itbiukocitc s`stcibcih` k cs`s quc yk lki ikfbh` (e`sscrcs sbitbcitcs quc yk lki ikfbh`).

Cstc cjcope` i`s pcrobtc k t`h`s citcihcr quc lky h`s bitcrprctkfb`icshc ikfbh`, uik hc kfucrh` ke ecimukjc hbkrb` y ek `trk ke ecimukjc hceHlkook. Ek f`sk bop`rtkitc cs quc t`h`s scpki fuke cs ek bitcrprctkfbiquc dcicgbfbk hbrcftkocitc ek prftbfk hce Hlkook hce Duhk. V`ekocitcek bitcrprctkfbi quc cst hc kfucrh` f`i ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook puchcdcicgbfbkr ek prftbfk hc ui`.

Hcdco`s hctcicr t`h`s e`s ikfbobcit`s y e`s cstkh`s hc dsquchk hcikfbobcit` k trkvs hc prkftbfkr pr`pbkocitc hc kfucrh` k ek h`ftrbik hc`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, y k trkvs hc rcluskr ` i` pcrobtbr ekcocrmcifbk hce cm` y ce cstkh` hc dsquchk hc ikfbobcit`. Qkrkhctcicr ce ikfbobcit` ` ce cstkh` hc dsquchk hc ikfbobcit`, e`sFuktr` Iutrbcitcs hcdci scr cebobikh`s t`tkeocitc. K e`s Fuktr`Iutrbcitcs i` sc ecs hcdc pcrobtbr hcvcibr sbmibgbfkitcs c bibfbkr ek kffbiv`ebtbvk. F`i cstk feksc hc citcihbobcit`, iucstrk prftbfk puchcdcicgbfbkrsc hc ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc.

Ce Vugrbobcit` ci ce Ecimukjc hce Hlkook

Ce sugrbobcit` tbcic oufl`s sbmibgbfkh`s. Ci ce ecimukjc hce Hlkook, scrcgbcrc ke surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc. Ci Qkeb, puchc lkdcr sugrbobcit`, ekfkusk y tcrobikfbi hce sugrbobcit`, y ce fkobi` k ek fcskfbi hcesugrbobcit`, quc cs ce hcskrr`ee` y fcskfbi hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.Ce sugrbobcit` tbcic ui sbmibgbfkh` cspcfbke ci ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.

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Ce Vugrbobcit` cs hcdbh` k ek Bmi`rkifbk, quc f`ieecvk ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk.Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk lkfc surmbr ek F`isfbcifbk y ce pr`fcs` f`itbik lkstkquc ce sugrbobcit` cocrmc. Cstc cs ce hcskrr`ee` hce sugrbobcit` hckfucrh` k ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc.

Ci ce Vkoyuttk-ibnkyk, ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc rcgbcrc f`o` kefkobi` rct`rfbh`. [u cs ce fkobi` rct`rfbh`0 Cs ce pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc quc i`s muk ke sugrbobcit`. Fue cs ceWcrhkhcr` Fkobi`0 Cs ek fcskfbi hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, h`ihc e`shbgcrcitcs cstkh`s oucrci mrkhukeocitc lkstk quc ce sugrbobcit` sccebobik t`tkeocitc. Ce Fkobi` Wcrhkhcr` cs ce fkobi` f`rrcft`, obcitrksquc ce fkobi` t`rfbh` cs ce fkobi` crric`.

Ce sbmibgbfkh` hc sugrbobcit` kqu cs hbgcrcitc p`rquc sc rcgbcrccspcfgbfkocitc ke sugrbobcit` hcspus quc ce Kpcm` cocrmc. Q`r e` tkit`,ce nkook ocrbt`rb` cs sugrbobcit`, ce nkook i`-ocrbt`rb` cs sugrbobcit`>ce nkook bopcrturdkdec cs tkodbi sugrbobcit`.

Ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk ci ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cs uik f`ihbfbi fkuskepkrk ce sugrbobcit`. E`s kft`s ocrbt`rb`s ^ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk_ tkodbi mukike sugrbobcit`, pcr` eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks i` skdci cst`. Cee`s frcci quce`s kft`s ocrbt`rb`s f`ieecvki pekfcr. Ek vcrhkh cs quc e`s kft`socrbt`rb`s f`ieecvki nkook ocrbt`rb`, e`s kft`s i`-ocrbt`rb`s f`ieecvkinkook i`-ocrbt`rb`, y quc e`s kft`s bopcrturdkdecs f`ieecvki nkookbopcrturdkdec. X`hkvk lky sugrbobcit` ci csks trcs fekscs hc kft`s^Kffbi W`ebtbvk_ p`rquc cee`s s`stbcici ce kpcm`. Si` pcrscvcrk ` pcrsbstc

ci ce nkook ocrbt`rb`, ce i`-ocrbt`rb` y ce bopcrturdkdec p`r ce Kpcm`.Q`r e` tkit`, ce sugrbobcit` tbcic ui sbmibgbfkh` cspcfbke ci ce surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc.

Cs gfbe f`oprcihcr quc ce nkook i`-ocrbt`rb` cs crric` y cssugrbobcit`, pcr` kod`s, e`s nkooks ocrbt`rb`s y e`s bopcrturdkdecs s`itkodbi sugrbobcit` y crr`r p`rquc cee`s f`ieecvki ce Kpcm`. Ce nkookbopcrturdkdec i` sc kgcftk p`r e`s nkooks ocrbt`rb`s y i`-ocrbt`rb`s,pcr` ce y` cst prcscitc. Eks pcrs`iks bopcrturdkdecs grcfucitcocitcsc ecs eekoki Drklokics. Kuiquc cee`s i` csti f`itkobikh`s f`i

nkooks ocrbt`rb`s ` i`-ocrbt`rb`s, ce y` t`hkvk cst prcscitc. Vusocitcs puchci quc csti bopcrturdkdecs obcitrks csti ci ochbtkfbi,pcr` ce Kpcm` cocrmc p`rquc ce y` s`stbcic e`s kft`s bopcrturdkdecs hcecm`. Q`r e` tkit`, t`hkvk lky sugrbobcit`.

Eks pcrs`iks `rhbikrbks frcci quc ce dbci cs prcgcrbdec ke oke. Ci ceecimukjc hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, sbi codkrm`, t`h` cs sugrbobcit`.

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Ce nkook ocrbt`rb` cs sugrbobcit`> ek dceeczk cs sugrbobcit`> ek gcebfbhkhcs sugrbobcit`. Obcitrks kem` sck ce rcsuetkh` hc ek kffbi v`ebtbvk y cs`fkusc sufcsbvks kffb`ics v`ebtbvks, cit`ifcs cs` cs sugrbobcit`. Obcitrksek ecy hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc kpebquc, cit`ifcs cs` cs sugrbobcit`.

Ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc y ce Dcd

Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cocrmc hce Kpcm`, y i` hc s`ekocitc hcepciskobcit` y ce scitbobcit`. Q`r e` tkit`, cs` i` kpebfk ke gct` hcitr` hcek oktrbz. Cst` cs p`rquc ek Bmi`rkifbk, ce Hcsc` y ce Kpcm` ki i` sc lkihcskrr`eekh` ci ce gctus/gct`. Ce Okjjlbok-ibnkyk i`s lkdek kfcrfk hceikfbobcit` hce dcd lkstk ce puit` h`ihc ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc`furrc. Ci ce suttk, ce Duhk cxpebfk cxpefbtkocitc f`o` sc g`rok ek vbhkluokik.

Ce Duhk hbj` quc fukih` ui ib` vc k trkvs hce `j` hc ek f`isfbcifbk, ecxpcrbocitk ce hcsc` p`r ek hcebfbk y hcoucstrk hbsmust` p`r e`hcskmrkhkdec. Q`rquc ce ib` i` tbcic Ktcifbi F`rrcftk, ek Bmi`rkifbkcst prcscitc. e cst h`obikh` p`r ce ldbt` y e` fkrkftcrstbf`, y i`f`i`fc ek ebdcrkfbi ` csfkpc k trkvs hc ek Vkdbhurk. Q`r csk rkzi,fukih` e cxpcrbocitk e`s Fbif` Hcsc`s Vcisukecs (vbstk, s`ibh`, `e`r,must` y t`quc) su ocitc cst hc ducik mkik kgcftkhk p`r e`s f`itkft`sf`i e` fbrfuihkitc. Vb ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftk y ek Vkdbhurk csti prcscitcs,sbi codkrm`, puchc lkdcr fcskfbi hc ek i`fbi hc ek d`ihkh y ek okehkh.

Ce Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc @furrc y Gbikebzk ci Si Kdrbr y Fcrrkrhc @j`s ` sck ci ui Bistkitc

I`s`tr`s cstko`s bif`isfbcitcs hc quc ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc f`obcizk y gbikebzk ci ui bistkitc. Ci csc pcr`h` f`rt` hctbcop`, e`s `ifc cstkh`s ` h`fc ciekfcs hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc scokibgbcstki sufcsbvkocitc. Q`r cjcope`, fukih` hcvcibo`s ci`jkh`s, cesugrbobcit` cocrmc. Ci ui bistkitc, yk cxpcrbocitko`s ce sugrbobcit` p`rce ci`j`. I`s`tr`s i` s`o`s f`isfbcitcs quc t`h`s e`s `ifc cstkh`s,hcshc ek Bmi`rkifbk lkstk ce Ikfbobcit`, `furrci y gbikebzkisufcsbvkocitc ci csc bistkitc. Fukih` iucstr`s `j`s vci e` khykfcitc `fbrfuihkitc, cxpcrbocitko`s hcsc` ` ci`j` biochbktkocitc. Ce pr`fcs`sufchc ci ui bistkitc, y cs` cs surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc.

Ci ce Vkoyuttk-ibnkyk,ce Duhk cisc kfcrfk hce ouih` trkisbt`rb`, sufkusk y su fcskfbi, y ce ot`h` pkrk ek fcskfbi hc csc ouih` cgocr`.

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Dlbnnlus, fo` ce ouih` trkisbt`rb` sc g`rok0 Fukih` e`s `j`s vci eksf`sks, ek f`isfbcifbk hce `j` sc pr`hufc. Ek bitcmrkfbi hc e`s trcs cs ceF`itkft`. Ce F`itkft` cs ek f`ihbfbi fkuske hce Vcitbobcit`. CeVcitbobcit` cs ek f`ihbfbi fkuske hce Hcsc`. Ce Hcsc` cs ek f`ihbfbifkuske hce Kpcm`. Ce Kpcm` cs ek f`ihbfbi fkuske hce Hcvcibr. Ce Hcvcibr

cs ek f`ihbfbi fkuskr hce Ikfbobcit`. Ce Ikfbobcit` cs ek f`ihbfbi fkuskehc ek vcjcz, ek cigcrochkh y ek oucrtc. Dlbnnlus, ks cs f`o` ce ouih`trkisbt`rb` sc g`rok.

Ek kffbi v`ebtbvk hce ouih` trkisbt`rb` cs ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit`hcpcihbcitc hce quc ce Duhk lkde. Ek cocrmcifbk hce sugrbobcit` cs ekkffbi v`ebtbvk hce ouih` trkisbt`rb`. X`h`s cst`s `furrci fukih` ekF`isfbcifbk cocrmc k trkvs hc f`itkft` citrc eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs(Tkfcs) y e`s @djct`s quc eks fbrfuihki.

Cs hbgfbe hctcftkr f`o` ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk, ek F`isfbcifbk, ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok y eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs sc okibgbcstki k trkvs hc ek kffbiv`ebtbvk hc ek Bmi`rkifbk ci h`s ` os kf`itcfbobcit` hc ui pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc p`rquc cee`s `furrci ci ui bistkitc. E` qucp`hco`s cxpcrbocitkr prbocr` cs ce Vcitbobcit`, ce scitbobcit` hcsugrbobcit`, hcebfbk, m`z` ` ocekif`ek. Ek fcskfbi hce ouih` trkisbt`rb`cs sbobekr k ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit`. F`i ce gbike hc ek Bmi`rkifbk eecmkce gbike hc ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk, f`i ce gbike hc ek Kffbi W`ebtbvk eecmk ce gbikehc ek F`isfbcifbk, y ks sufcsbvkocitc. Ks cs f`o` ce Duhk e` cxpebf.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Si Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc ci ui Vurmbobcit` Hcpcihbcitc

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

Ce prbifbpb` dsbf` hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc cs citcrkocitc ibf`> kcs` sc ec eekok ek ruchk rcspekihcfbcitc ` drbeekitc. Kqu ce pr`fcs` hcsurmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc hbrbmc k ui pr`fcs` hc tcrobikfbi hc sobso` ^e` quc `tr`s eekoki ek @rhci Xrksfcihcitke hc @rbmbikfbiHcpcihbcitc_. E` hbvcrtbh` cs quc cs` oucstrk ce cgcft`

ocrbt`rb`/khobrkdec hce sugrbobcit`.

Ce Duhk lkde kfcrfk hc eks ctkpks hc gbikebzkfbi hce sugrbobcit`: R`cxpebf` ek fcskfbi hc eks bifursb`ics/gbetrkfb`ics (kskvk) s`ekocitc k ekspcrs`iks skdbks quc vci ek vcrhkh. Ce Duhk hbj` quc fukih` ui` vcfekrkocitc ce prbifbpb` y ce gbike hc e`s Fbif` Kmrcmkh`s (g`rok,scitbobcit`, pciskobcit`, v`ebfbi, f`isfbcifbk), eks gbetrkfb`ics ci cskpcrs`ik gbikebzki p`r ek Vkdbhurk. Ce Duhk guc fkpkz hc pr`iuifbkr cstkWcrhkh p`rquc ek vb` y ek f`oprcihb/rckebz.

Fukih` eks gbetrkfb`ics gbikebzki, ek vbsbi Vkdbk kpkrcfc y rcgecjk ce fbttkquc cst cit`ifcs ebdrc hc gbetrkfb`ics. Ek Vkdbhurk quc bibfbk ek fcskfbikpkrcfc fukih` ui` kdkih`ik ce cm`so` ^hcvbibcih`hcskpksb`ikh`/hcskpcmkh`_. Ce hcskpcm` sc cxpcrbocitk p`r ek Vkdbhurketbok ` tcibcih` ek vbsbi Vkdbk pkrk vcr ek Wcrhkh. Ek vbsbi Vkdbk pkrkvcr ek Wcrhkh surmc hce skokhlb. Ce skokhlb surmc hc ek hcebfbk. Ek hcebfbksurmc hc ek fkeok. Ek fkeok surmc hce xtksbs. Ce xtksbs surmc hc eksktbsgkffbi. Ek sktbsgkffbi surmc hc tcicr gc. Ek gc cs ui rcsuetkh` `f`iscfucifbk hce sugrbobcit`.

Ci ce pr`fcs` hce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc, ce sugrbobcit` eecmk hce

Ikfbobcit`. Hce Ikfbobcit` eecmk ce Hcvcibr. Ce Hcvcibr eecmk hce Kpcm`.Hce Kpcm` eecmk hce Hcsc`. Ce Hcsc` eecmk hce Vcitbobcit`. Ce Vcitbobcit`eecmk hce F`itkft`. Ce F`itkft` eecmk hc eks Vcbs Dkscs Vcis`rbkecs. Ek VcbsDkscs Vcis`rbkecs eecmk hce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rok. Ce I`odrc-y-ek-G`rokeecmk hc ek F`isfbcifbk. Ek F`isfbcifbk eecmk hc ek Bmi`rkifbk.

F`o` sc hcoucstrk ci ce hbkmrkok kitcrb`r, ek fcskfbi hc eks gbetrkfb`icshcdc f`itbiukr ci ek `rhci hc ui pr`fcs` hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc,quc eecmk lkstk ek gc. Vb i`s`tr`s frcco`s ci ce Duhk, ce Hlkook y ekVkimlk y ek fcskfbi hce sugrbobcit` k trkvs hc ek prftbfk, cit`ifcs cs`

sc eekok gc.Ek gc cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek sktbsgkffbi.Ek sktbsgkffbi cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ce xtksbs /hcebfbk.Ce xtksbs/hcebfbk cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek fkeok.Ek fkeok cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek gcebfbhkh/kro`ik.Ek kro`ik cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ce skokhlb.Ce Vkokhlb cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Wbsbi Vkdbk pkrk vcr ek Wcrhkh.Ek Wbsbi Vkdbk pkrk vcr ek Wcrhkh cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ce hcscifkit`.

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Ce Hcscifkit` cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ce hcskpksb`ikobcit`.Ce hcskpksb`ikobcit` cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek ebdcrkfbi.Ek ebdcrkfbi cs ek f`ihbfbi pkrk ek Vkdbhurk quc bibfbk ek fcskfbi lkfbk ceibddkik.

Cst` hcoucstrk quc ek fcskfbi hc eks gbetrkfb`ics hcdc hc f`ocizkr f`iek gc, y ek gc eecmk hce sugrbobcit`. Cst` pkrcfc pkrkhjbf` pcr` sbi cesugrbobcit`, i`s`tr`s i` cstkrko`s g`rzkh`s k dusfkr ek pr`tcffbi hceDuhk. Fukih` s`o`s f`o` rcgumbkh`s f`rrctckih` lkfbk ce Duhk, cstko`shctcrobikh`s y frcco`s ci ce Duhk p`rquc lco`s cxpcrbocitkh` eksfkrmks hc sugrbobcit`. Q`r e` tkit`, sugrbr hcvbcic uik f`ihbfbi fkuske hcek gc. Cscifbkeocitc, sugrbr hcvbcic uik cxpcrbcifbk p`sbtbvk.

Ce pr`psbt` hce Duhk ci cxpebfkr quc ek gc eecmk hce sugrbobcit` csokitcicri`s kecjkh`s hc e`s scitbobcit`s hc trbstczk, tco`r cbisugbfbcifbk. Vb kpebfko`s ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc ci ek

vbhk hbkrbk, ce sugrbobcit` scr ce guihkocit` hc ek gc. Ek gc kyuhk keHlkook hce Duhk, kyuhih`i`s k prkftbfkr pkrk ek fcskfbi hc eksgbetrkfb`ics. Ce sugrbobcit` vbst` hcshc cstc puit` hc vbstk, hcvbcicdcicgbfb`s`.

F`ifeusbi

;. Ce ouih` tcrrcike/trkisbt`rb`, su fkusk y su fcskfbi, y ce ot`h` pkrkek fcskfbi hce ouih` tcrrcike rcsuetki hce prbifbpb` ` ce gbike hc uipr`fcs` hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc, quc sc pr`hufc fukih` eks VcbsTkfcs lkfci f`itkft` f`i e`s Vcbs Fbrfuihkitcs. X`h` cst` ec sufchc kel`odrc fukih` t`hkvk cst vbv`.

4. E`s cstkh`s hc surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitcs i` bifeuyci ` f`ieecvki trcstbcop`s hc vbhk ` sc cxtbcihci k ek vbhk prxbok f`o` sc citbcihcuskih` ce ecimukjc hbkrb`. Ek bitcrprctkfbi hc pktbffk i` pcrobtc tkecxtcisbi. Qktbffk sbmibgbfk uik fkhcik hc hcpcihcifbk outuk. Ekfkhcik cst tki itbokocitc vbifuekhk quc ikhk sc ec puchc biscrtkr. Csuik scrbc hc kf`itcfbobcit`s quc i` sc puchci hbvbhbr ci trcs cxbstcifbkshc vbhk ` tbcop`s hc vbhk. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc sc rcekfb`ik f`i eks

Fuktr` I`decs Wcrhkhcs, y i` lky rkzi pkrk r`opcr cst`s `ifc cstkh`s.

6. Ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc f`obcizk fukih` ce F`itkft` sccxpcrbocitk p`r ui ib` quc cs e` sugbfbcitc oky`r pkrk citcihcr fbcrtksf`sks. Ce F`itkft` i` cs ui F`itkft` hc Vkdbhurk sbi` hc Bmi`rkifbk, uikkuscifbk hc Ktcifbi F`rrcftk.

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Qktbffkskouppkhk @rbmci Hcpcihbcitc Qrftbf`Q`r Duhhlkhksk Dlbnnlu

8. Ek h`ftrbik hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc rcvcek ek vcrhkh kfcrfk hcef`obciz` y ce gbike hce sugrbobcit`. Ceek i` i`s hbfc quc ce l`odrc cshuc` hce sugrbobcit` y quc tbcic quc rctcicre` ci oufl`s tbcop`s hcvbhk. Ce huc` hce sugrbobcit` i` cst prcscitc> ib e quc e` rcfbdc cstprcscitc fukih` ce sugrbobcit` `furrc. Ek h`ftrbik bmukeocitc lkdek s`drc

ce prbifbpb` prftbf` hc ek fkuskebhkh. V`ekocitc ek h`ftrbik hc Duhk hc ek`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc puchc rcvcekr tke Wcrhkh.

Fukih` t`hkvk y` crk ui cstuhbkitc hc Duhbso`, i` tcik `trk `pfbiquc cstuhbkr uik h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc quc cstkdk cif`itrk hc ek pr`fekokfbi `rbmbike hce Duhk. Os tkrhc, fukih` eecmu kscr ui okcstr` hc Duhbso`, k trkvs hc cisckr quc ce pr`fcs` hc`rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc kdkrfkih`/bifeuycih` trcs tbcop`s hc vbhk, gub cif`itrk hc ek cscifbk hc ek h`ftrbik hc Duhk. Kfcpt` ob crr`r y pbh` pcrhi.Lc pkskh` hfkhks cstuhbkih` ek h`ftrbik hc `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc pkrkhcsfudrbr cs` quc cst ci ob citcihbobcit`, cs` quc p`hco`s kpebfkre`ci iucstrk vbhk hbkrbk k trkvs hc ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftk. Fukih` s`o`sfkpkfcs hc de`quckr/bopchbr/prcvcibr ce surmbobcit` hcpcihbcitc ci cebistkitc hce F`itkft`, ek h`ftrbik hce Duhk hcvbcic pkrk i`s`tr`sdcicgbfb`sk y prftbfk.

Fo` kpebfko`s ek h`ftrbik hc ek `rbmbikfbi hcpcihbcitc0 Fukih` lkyf`itkft` f`i e` khykfcitc, ui` tbcic quc okitcicr ek Ktcifbi F`rrcftkpkrk lkfc quc ek Bmi`rkifbk i` sc hcskrr`eec ci sugrbobcit`.

Cspcr` quc t`h`s p`scki ek bitcebmcifbk f`rrcftk pkrk citcihcr sbi ibimi

crr`r