Upload
buffy-strong
View
24
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Patterns of Evolution. Coevolution. Two or more species that interact may evolve together. Examples: Predator-prey Parasites and hosts Plants and their pollinators. Convergent Evolution. Organisms that appear to be very similar, are not closely related at all. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Patterns of Evolution
Coevolution Two or more species that interact may evolve
together. Examples:
Predator-prey Parasites and hosts Plants and their pollinators
Convergent Evolution
Organisms that appear to be very similar, are not closely related at all.
The environment selects for the phenotype Examples:
Sharks and Dolphins
Analogous structures are associated with convergent evolution
Divergent Evolution When closely related species become
more dissimilar usually because of different habitats
Adaptive radiation: related species evolve from a single ancestral species
Things that effect evolution change in climate/habitat: a trait that
was an advantage may no longer be an advantage
genetic drift: change in allele frequency by chance
events greater impact on small populations
migration: species can be seperated or exposed to new environments
geographic isolation: a species can be seperated geographically (canyon, different islands, etc.)
mutations: new variations can arise by random chance
reproductive isolation: something prevents organisms from sucessfully breeding examples: different mating seasons, different mating calls
Classification Taxonomy: the branch of biology that
names and groups organism according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.
Aristotle was the first to use this method but was replaced due to confusion
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish Naturalist Devised a system of grouping organisms
into categories based upon form and structure
Created seven different levels of organization
7 Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Kindly Pass Connie Over Fresh Green Salad
Binomial Nomenclature
Two Name Naming System
Binomial Nomenclature System that gives organisms two-part
scientific name Genus species Genus is capitalized and both are in
italics
Examples: Homo sapiens Lynx rufus
3 Domain System Recently, scientists have added a group
above Kingdom. Three groups, called DOMAINS.
Domain Eukarya - includes organisms composed of eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
Domain Bacteria - includes all prokaryotic cells, Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea - includes only "ancient" bacteria, Archaebacteria
Tree of life Phylogenetic Tree:
showing evolutionary relationships among various species based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics.
Phylogenetic Trees Use a combination of:
Shared anatomical structures Pattern of embryological development Types of proteins DNA sequencing
Node
Derived Character: Characteristics that appear more recently in a group but are not seen in older organisms
Closely Related
1. ______ Wings2. ______ 6 Legs3. ______ Segmented Body4. ______ Double set of wings5. ______ Jumping Legs6. ______ Crushing mouthparts7. ______ Legs8. ______ Curly Antennae
Dichotomous Keys A step-by-step guide to help identify an
organism Follows a series of choices that lead you
to the organism’s name
Dichotomous Keys
1. Has green colored body ......go to 2
Has purple colored body ..... go to 4
2. Has 4 legs .....go to 3
Has 8 legs .......... Deerus octagis
3. Has a tail ........ Deerus pestis
Does not have a tail ..... Deerus magnus
4. Has a pointy hump ...... Deerus humpis
Does not have a pointy hump.....go to 5
5. Has ears .........Deerus purplinis
Does not have ears ......Deerus deafus
answersA. Deerus magnusB. Deerus pestisC. Deerus octagisD. Deerus purplinisE. Deerus deafusF. Deerus humpis