BIOLOGY 2011 Year 11 TE Unit 1 - VCE Biology Units 1 … Unit 1...Learning Materials by Lisachem VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1 3 Question 7 Based on the features identified

VCE BIOLOGY 2011

YEAR 11 TRIAL EXAM UNIT 1

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Time allowed: 90 minutes Total marks: 75

25 Multiple Choice Questions 7 Short Answer Questions

An Answer Sheet is provided for Section A

Answer all questions in Section B in the space provided

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Learning Materials by Lisachem VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1

Student Name....….……………………................................................................ VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1 Student Answer Sheet There are 25 Multiple Choice questions to be answered by circling the correct letter in the table below. Use only a 2B pencil. If you make a mistake, erase and enter the correct answer. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.

Question 1 A B C D Question 2 A B C D












Question 25 A B C D

Learning Materials by Lisachem VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1 1

VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1

SECTION A – Multiple Choice Questions Question 1 Cells of a fungus and an animal were being studied under an electron microscope. Which of the following would be not be found in both of these cell types? A. Mitochondria. B. Cytoplasm. C. Ribosomes. D. Cell wall. Question 2 A group of students examined a sample of pond life under the light microscope during a practical session. They recorded their observations as a series of drawings, as shown in Figure 1. Following consultation with a number of microbiology references, the identities of all the organisms were established and all the obtained drawings, although not drawn to scale, were correctly labelled. All of the microscopic organisms observed and identified by these students are members of the Kingdom A. Algae. B. Monera. C. Protista. D. Phytoplankton.

Figure 1 Question 3 A drawback of using the scanning electron microscope is that it cannot A. produce images of specimens which are magnified up to about 80 000 times. B. view details of the surface of biological specimens. C. examine living specimens because the material to be examined needs to be mounted in

a vacuum. D. give more detail of a specimen’s three dimensional structure than a light microscope.

Vorticella

ChlamydomonasAmoeba

Euglena Paramecium


Question 4 Which of the following observations supports the Cell Theory? A. Cells from a multicellular organism can be cultured in isolation. B. Muscle fibres are multinucleate. C. Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus. D. None of the above. Question 5 Which of the following is not an example of a domain? A. Archaea. B. Protista. C. Eukarya. D. Bacteria. Use the information provided in Figure 2 to answer Questions 6 and 7.

1 a Is endothermic Go to 2b Is ectothermic Go to 6

2 a Has feathers Go to 3b Has hair or fur Go to 4

3 a Has narrow, straight beak Passenger pigeonb Has wide, crooked beak Dodo

4 a Has horns Go to 5b Has no horns Texas red wolf

5 a Horns may have many branches Eastern elkb Horns have no branches Oregon bison

6 a Breathes with gills Go to 7b Breathes with lungs Go to 8

7 a Has large, fan-shaped fins just behind the head Utah Lake sculpinb Has small pectoral fins New Zealand grayling

8 a Has scaly skin Go to 9b Has smooth skin Palestinian painted frog

9 a Has front and hind legs Domed tortoiseb Has no legs Round island boa

Figure 2: Classification key for some extinct animal species.

Question 6 The Utah Lake sculpin, Cottus echinatus, was an endemic species to Utah Lake. This species is thought to have become extinct during the 1930s following a severe drought which caused the waters of Utah Lake to become extremely shallow, resulting in overcrowded conditions. This together with decreased water quality due to nearby agricultural practices, is thought to have contributed to the demise of Cottus echinatus in the region. Using the dichotomous key above, Figure 2, Cottus echinatus would best be described as A. being ectothermic, a gill breather and an organism which possessed large fan-shaped

fins just behind its head. B. being ectothermic, a lung breather and an organism which possessed small pectoral

fins. C. being endothermic, possessing smooth skin, a lung breather and an organism which

possessed large fan-shaped fins just behind its head. D. being ectothermic, a gill breather and an organism which possessed small pectoral

fins.


Question 7 Based on the features identified in Question 6, Cottus echinatus is likely to be a A. mammal. B. bird. C. fish. D. reptile. Question 8 Specialised cells are specialised for particular functions. Cells which are specialised to provide structure and support in multicellular animals, like mammals, are the A. nerve cells. B. muscle cells. C. blood cells. D. bone cells. Question 9 A cell has a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in its cytoplasm. Which other organelle can be expected to occur in large numbers in this cell? A. Lysosomes. B. Golgi bodies. C. Vacuoles. D. Nuclei. Question 10 Of the transport processes listed, which of the following are all passive in nature? A. Active transport, endocytosis and osmosis. B. Facilitated diffusion, osmosis and diffusion. C. Diffusion, osmosis and endocytosis. D. Facilitated diffusion, diffusion and active transport. Question 11 The steps of the "scientific method", in the correct order, are A. make observations, collect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, design

experiments, draw conclusions. B. collect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, make observations, design

experiments. C. make observations, formulate the hypothesis, design experiments, collect data,

interpret results, draw conclusions. D. design experiments, draw conclusions, collect data, interpret results, make

observations, test the hypothesis.


Question 12 During strenuous exercise, a burning sensation within the muscles may sometimes be experienced. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon? A. Heat energy is being released because of lipid breakdown. B. The pH of the muscle tissue is increasing due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide. C. ADP is accumulating in muscle tissue resulting in an elevation of body temperature. D. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid. Question 13 Cell-cell communication in plants takes place via specialized structures called A. occluding junctions. B. plasmodesmata. C. cell wall pores. D. anchouring junctions.

I II III IV V

Figure 3 Question 14 The labelled drawings outlined in Figure 3 depict stages in the mitotic division of a cell. Write the letters in the order in which these stages would occur in the meristematic tissue of a plant when a cell first undergoes mitotic division. A. I, II, III, IV, V. B. II, IV, I, III, V. C. II, IV, I, V, III. D. II, I, IV, V, III. Question 15 Unlike animals, fungi A. possess cells which have cell walls made of muramic acid instead of cellulose. B. ingest their nutrients and then digest them intracellularly. C. are incapable of storing excess energy stores in the cytoplasm of their cells. D. secrete extracellular digestive enzymes and then absorb digested nutrients across their

chitin cell wall.


Figure 4 Question 16 Figure 4 represents a cross-sectional diagram of a typical leaf. The part of leaf tissue whose principal role is to act as the site for organic molecule synthesis, is labelled as structure A. X. B. Z. C. W. D. Y. Question 17 Which of the following organs would not be classified as an excretory organ in mammals? The A. large intestine. B. liver. C. kidneys. D. lungs. Question 18 Which of the following substances would not normally be collected in the Bowman’s capsule? A. Amino acids. B. Water. C. Monosaccharides. D. Red blood cells.

V

Y

Z U

WX


Figure 5

Question 19 Figure 5 shows two different types of plant tissue located in vascular plants. The equivalent mammalian system which performs a similar function to that performed by the structures in Figure 5 is the A. circulatory system. B. reproductive system. C. excretory system. D. digestive system. Question 20 Heterotrophic organisms must efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment to maintain important energy-transforming processes such as cellular respiration. To do this an efficient gas exchange surface is vital. The feature of such a surface, which facilitates a rapid rate of gas exchange, would be A. the presence of a moist membrane. B. a large surface area to volume ratio. C. a thin permeable membrane lining. D. none of the above. Question 21 In which of the following cells is meiosis likely to occur? A. A cell in the anther of a hibiscus flower. B. An epithelial cell of a villus. C. A lymphocyte in the bone marrow. D. A cuboidal cell in the basal layer of the skin.

Water andfood

Cells have perforated end walls

Two-wayflow

One-wayflow only

Water andminerals

No end wallsbetween cells

Thick wallsreinforced with

lignin


Question 22 A biologist discovers a new species of organism in the Simpson Desert in outback Australia. The organism is adapted to living in underground burrows. It is eyeless, covered by fur, has a closed circulatory system and possesses a four-chambered heart. The excretory system adaptations such an organism is likely to have, to survive the extreme environment in which it lives, would be A. nephrons with long Loops of Henle. B. nephrons with long collecting tubules. C. nephrons with short proximal tubules. D. nephrons with long distal tubules.

Figure 6 Question 23 Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a mammalian small intestine. The principal role of the finger-like projections lining the inside of the small intestine is to increase A. the rate of chemical digestion of macronutrients by intestinal enzymes. B. the peristaltic movement of nutrients through the digestive tract. C. the absorptive surface exposed to digested nutrients and thus increase the rate of their

absorption. D. the extent of physical digestion of the nutrients present in the digestive tract.


Question 24 A biological process, which occurs in autotrophic cells, is represented by the simple flowchart shown below.

The set of molecules best represented by “X” and “Y” respectively is A. X: glucose and oxygen Y: water and carbon dioxide. B. X: carbon dioxide and water Y: water and glucose. C. X: carbon dioxide and water Y: glucose. D. X: glucose and oxygen Y: carbon dioxide. Question 25 Moist skin, spiracles, tracheal tubes, gills and capillaries are all structures associated with A. anaerobic respiration. B. fermentation. C. inhalation and exhalation. D. gas exchange.

End of Section A

Y Organic molecules

X Inorganic molecules



SECTION B – Short Answer Questions Question 1

Figure 7

a. The series of reactions outlined in Figure 7 would occur in what type of organism?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. What organelle must be present in the cell/cells of the organism named in 1a) for the

reactions in Figure 7 to occur?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. Other than the materials listed in Diagram A, what other key chemical must be

present for the reactions to proceed? Explain its role in the overall process.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks) d. What is the name given to the series of reactions depicted in Diagram B?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

12H O2

+Light

energy

6O2+24H+

+6CO2

C H O6 12 6

+6H 02

Taken in fromenvironment

Released into environment

Diagram A

Diagram B


e. Give an overall balanced chemical equation for the process shown in Figure 7.

______________________________________________ (2 marks)

f. Is this reaction anabolic or catabolic? Justify your answer.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)

Total marks = 9 marks Question 2 Rhizopus stolonifer or black bread mould is one of the most common fungi in the world. It is a heterotrophic species dependent on glucose or starch in bread and soft fruits as an energy source for growth, nutrition and reproduction. It consists of a mass of mycelium, the vegetative filaments of the fungus, and a fruiting structure. Rhizopus stolonifer is different to other fungal species in that it reproduces by both asexual and sexual means. a. Explain what is meant by the term “asexual reproduction”.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) b. Give the name of the type of asexual method of reproduction Rhizopus stolonifer

employs to propagate the species.

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. For organisms like Rhizopus stolonifer list one advantage of reproducing asexually.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) d. When would reproduction by asexual means be most favourable for Rhizopus

stolonifer ?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark)


A group of students wanted to establish if temperature had an effect on the rate of growth of Rhizopus stolonifer. Fifteen agar plates, containing the same amount and type of nutrients, were inoculated with a sample from a black bread mould solution and sealed. Five agar plates, labelled as “A”, were incubated at 0°C. Another five plates, labelled as “B”, were incubated at 25°C. The remaining inoculated agar plates, labelled as “C”, were incubated at 90°C. All agar plates were stored in darkness and every 24 hours a measurement of bread mould growth on all plates was recorded. The results from the experiment are listed in Table 1 and graphically represented in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Plate type

% covered by bread mould growth Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10

A 0 3 11 22 33 46 56 63 70 75 B 0 0 0 0 3 6 12 16 20 23 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 e. Identify a controlled variable in this experiment.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% coveredby mould

MOULD GROWTH

A

B

C

Days


f. Identify the manipulated variable in this experiment.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) g. State an appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) h. Based on the results obtained, at what temperature is optimal growth for Rhizopus

stolonifer?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

i. What do the results obtained for plates labelled “C” show and explain this

observation?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)

Total marks = 10 marks


Question 3

Figure 9 The apparatus shown in Figure 9 is called “a respiroscope”. The following experiment was set up using respiroscopes to demonstrate that oxygen was consumed during respiration. A number of germinating seeds were placed in the bulb of a respiroscope, inverted and the long tube of the bulb inserted into a beaker of mercury. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellet was placed in the experimental set up and served to absorb any carbon dioxide present or being produced within the bulb. The above equipment was replicated a second time, with the absence of the germinating seeds the only differing feature. After a day, the level of the mercury in the respiroscope with the germinating seeds rose. The level of the mercury in the respiroscope without the germinating seeds remained the same. a. Why was the experiment replicated without the presence of the germinating seeds?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) b. Why does the mercury level rise in the respiroscope with the germinating seeds but

remain unchanged in the one without the germinating seeds?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)

Seeds

KOH pellet

Mercury


c. Did the observed results support the hypothesis that oxygen is consumed during respiration? Justify your answer.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark)

After a period of time, the germinating seeds stopped growing and eventually died. d. Explain this outcome.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)

Total marks = 6 marks Question 4 Xanthomonas campestris is a plant pathogen producing an infection called black rot. This causative agent does this by producing large amounts of polysaccharides, which interfere with water transport in susceptible plants. The disease symptoms progress from discoloured leaves to extensive wilting of all stems and leaves, with all leaves eventually turning yellow. Parts of the plant start to die and rot and the plant dies completely shortly afterwards. When a sample of Xanthomonas campestris was stained and examined under the microscope flagellated, rod-shaped and gram-negative cells were viewed. a. Is Xanthomonas campestris a eukaryotic or prokaryotic organism?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Based on your answer to part a), describe two cellular features Xanthomonas

campestris would possess.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)


c. To what class of organic compounds do polysaccharides belong?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

d. Based on the information provided, what part of the vascular tissue of infected plants

is affected by Xanthomonas campestris, and explain how infection of such tissue leads to the plant’s death?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks)

Total marks = 6 marks Question 5 a. What macronutrient, present in the diet of mammals, when digested and used, causes

the greatest need for the nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys in mammals?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. List one use for which the nutrient listed in a) could be used in body cells.

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. In what form is nitrogenous waste eliminated from mammals?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

d. List two advantages of eliminating nitrogenous waste in this form as opposed to

ammonia.

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(2 marks) e. In what form do birds eliminate their nitrogenous waste?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)



Question 6 Cockroaches are omnivorous insects whose digestive systems comprise of mouthparts, a pair of salivary glands and the alimentary canal. a. What is meant by the term “omnivorous”?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) Cockroaches possess three mouth organs: the maxilla, mandibles, and labium all of which are used to taste and handle food. The mandibles specifically act as the jaws of the cockroach enabling it to bite or chew its food. In the mouth, food is also acted upon by salivary carbohydrases, which partially digest the food. b. What type of digestion is performed by the

mouthparts of the cockroach?

____________________________________________

salivary carbohydrases?

____________________________________________ (2 marks)

Once chewed and coated with salivary juices the food passes into the alimentary canal via the oesophagus. At this point, it passes into the crop where it is stored temporarily. The food is then passed into the gizzard where it is ground further. c. Why is food lubricated by salivary juice before it is swallowed?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) At the junction of the gizzard and the stomach is a valve called the stomodael valve. d. What role does the stomodael valve play in the digestion of food in cockroaches?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark)


e. What is the name of the equivalent structure to the stomodael valve in the mammalian digestive system?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

The ground food then enters the stomach. The digestive enzymes secreted by the gastric caecae act upon the food in the stomach. The digested food is absorbed through the stomach walls into the surrounding space which is called the haemocoel.

f. How does the absorption of digested food in cockroaches differ to the absorption of digested food in mammals?

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

(1 mark) The haemocoel contains a number of storage structures which consist of fat cells filled with fat globules, protein granules and glycogen. It is in this form that the food is transported to the different body parts. The unabsorbed food passes into the hindgut where absorption of water takes place. The undigested food is excreted through the anus as faeces. In insects like cockroaches, nitrogenous wastes are collected by excretory organs called the Malpighian tubules which eventually empty into the gut. This waste is eventually eliminated via the rectum. g. In what form are nitrogenous wastes eliminated from cockroaches?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)



Question 7

Consider the series of diagrams shown above. Using the labels provided which of these diagrams show: a. plant cells?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. cells immersed in a hypotonic solution?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. cells which will undergo plasmolysis?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

Cell A

Cell D Cell F

Cell CCell B

Cell E


d. turgid cells due to the nett inward movement of water?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

e. cells that are placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell

than inside the cell?

______________________________________________ (1 mark)


End of Section B

End of Trial Exam

Learning Materials by Lisachem Suggested Answers VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1 1

Suggested Answers


SECTION A – Multiple Choice Answers

1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B

6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B

11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D

16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B

21. A 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D

SECTION B – Short Answer (Answers) Question 1 a. The series of reactions outlined in Figure 7 would occur in an autotrophic or

photosynthetic organism (1 mark). b. The organelle which must be present in the cell/cells of the organism named in 1a) for

the reactions in Figure 7 to occur would be the chloroplast (1 mark). c. The other key chemical which must be present for the reactions in Diagram A of

Figure 7 to proceed would be chlorophyll (1 mark). The principal role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is that it acts as a light-trapping pigment. The light energy harnessed by chlorophyll can then be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen ions (1 mark).

d. The name given to the series of reactions depicted in Diagram B is the Calvin cycle or dark reactions of photosynthesis or the light-independent stage of photosynthesis (1 mark).

e. 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) (1 mark for correct reactants: 1 mark for correct products). f. This reaction is an anabolic reaction (1 mark) because in anabolic reactions simpler

substances (in this case CO2 and H2O) are combined to form more complex molecules (in this case C6H12O6) requiring an input of energy to do so (1 mark).

Question 2 a. The term “asexual reproduction” refers to a method of producing offspring that does

not involve the fusion of different gametes (1 mark). b. The name of the type of asexual method of reproduction Rhizopus stolonifer employs

to propagate its species is spore formation (1 mark).


c. Advantages of reproducing asexually include: Only one organism required to propagate species. Requires less energy compared to sexual reproductive measures. Amount and type of genetic material same in all members of species. Typically large numbers of offspring can be produced at a time. Reproductive cycle short so can exploit favourable environmental conditions when

available in a relatively short period of time. (1 mark for any one of the above). d. Reproduction by asexual means would be most favourable for Rhizopus stolonifer

when ideal conditions for growth are available for a short period of time or when environmental conditions are relatively constant (1 mark).

e. A controlled variable in this experiment would be the amount and type of nutrients used in the agar. the amount of water used in the agar. the number of agar plates used in the experiment.

(1 mark for any one of the above). f. The manipulated variable in this experiment would be the temperature at which the

agar plates are incubated (1 mark). g. An appropriate hypothesis for this experiment could be either: If temperature is maintained at 25°C then optimal bread mould growth occurs. or If temperature is maintained at 0°C / 90°C then optimal bread mould growth will not

occur or temperature has an effect on mould growth (1 mark). h. Based on the results obtained, the temperature which gives optimal growth for

Rhizopus stolonifer is 0°C (1 mark). i. The results obtained for plates labelled “C” show no growth for Rhizopus stolonifer at

all (1 mark). This is likely due to the temperature of 90°C being too high for enzymes associated with the germination process of Rhizopus stolonifer to function effectively if at all (1 mark).

Question 3 a. The experiment replicated without the presence of the germinating seeds served as a

control. A control is an experimental set up that isolates the effect of one variable on a system by holding constant all variables but the one under observation (1 mark).

b. The mercury level rises in the respiroscope with the germinating seeds because as the seeds germinate they are respiring, using up the oxygen trapped in the respiroscope. As the oxygen amount in the respiroscope decreases, the air pressure in the respiroscope lowers forcing the level of mercury to rise. (1 mark). The mercury level does not rise in the respiroscope without the germinating seeds because the gas mixture inside the respiroscope remains unchanged and so the gas pressure remains unchanged (1 mark).

c. The observed results support the hypothesis that oxygen is consumed during respiration because gas pressure was reduced in the respiroscope, indicating a component of air was being removed. The presence of KOH ruled out carbon dioxide fluctuations (1 mark).

Answers suggesting the experiment supported that a gas other than carbon dioxide is consumed during respiration should also be awarded a mark.


d. After a period of time, the germinating seeds stopped growing and eventually died because all the available oxygen had been used up (1 mark). As the cells in the seeds did not have the ability to respire anaerobically, they were incapable of obtaining energy in a usable form to fuel their high metabolic activity during germination (1 mark).

Question 4 a. Xanthomonas campestris is a prokaryotic organism (1 mark). b. Two cellular features Xanthomonas campestris would possess may include

it is a unicellular organism. its cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. its cell lacks membrane-bound organelles. its cell has a non-cellulose cell wall. its cell contains a circular DNA strand.

(Any two of the features listed are acceptable. 1 mark for each feature given.) c. Carbohydrates (1 mark). d. The vascular tissue of infected plants affected by Xanthomonas campestris is the

xylem tissue (1 mark). The role of the xylem tissue is to transport water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the shoots, as well as providing support to the plant. If this is interfered with. cells in the shoot system will become deficient in water and essential mineral ions and die. The function these cells performed for the overall survival of the plant will not occur, eventually leading to plant death (1 mark).

Question 5 a. The macronutrient, present in the diet of mammals, when digested and used, causes

the greatest need for the nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys in mammals is protein (1 mark).

b. Cells can use protein for a number of functions, some of which include as transport proteins in the cell membrane, controlling movement of substances into and

out of organelles and between the cell and its external environment. as structural proteins for support, or to aid communication between cells. as enzymes which catalyse metabolic reactions or involved in other roles outside the cell.

(Any one of the functions listed above should be awarded 1 mark). c. Nitrogenous waste is eliminated from mammals in the form of urea (1 mark). d. Two advantages of eliminating nitrogenous waste in this form as opposed to ammonia

include Urea is less toxic than ammonia Urea requires less water for excretion than ammonia (2 marks).

e. Birds eliminate their nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid (1 mark).


Question 6 a. Omnivorous organisms are organisms which feed on a range of food, including plant

and animal matter (1 mark). b. Mouthparts perform mechanical digestion (1 mark) while salivary enzymes perform

chemical digestion (1 mark). c. Food is lubricated by the salivary juice before it is swallowed so that maximum

chemical digestion can occur on the exposed surface of the food. Lubrication of food would also minimise damage done to the wall of the oesophagus from sharp or irregular shaped pieces of food (1 mark).

d. The stomodael valve allows the passage of only the thoroughly digested food into the stomach and prevents the regurgitation of food from the stomach into other parts of the upper digestive tract (1 mark).

e. The equivalent structure to the stomodael valve in the mammalian digestive system is the pyloric sphincter (1 mark).

f. The absorption of digested food in cockroaches occurs in the stomach while the absorption of digested food in mammals occurs mostly in the small intestine (1 mark).

g. Nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from cockroaches in the form of uric acid (1 mark).

Question 7 a. Cells B, C and E (All must be listed and correct to earn 1 mark). b. Cells A and C (All must be listed and correct to earn 1 mark). c. Cell E (1 mark) d. Cell C (1 mark) e. Cells E and F (1 mark)

End of Suggested Answers

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BIOLOGY 2011 Year 11 TE Unit 1 - VCE Biology Units 1 … Unit 1...Learning Materials by Lisachem VCE Biology 2011 Year 11 Trial Exam Unit 1 3 Question 7 Based on the features identified