Upload
ngohanh
View
218
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ICTS Evidence from the on-going work of the OECD
Dr. Andrea de Panizza Dr. Piotr Stryszowski
The views expressed are those of the author in his private capacity and do not
necessarily represent those of the OECD or its Member governments.
The industrial (supply side) perspective.
The role of ICT industries (electronics, telcos, computer services)
in the economy.
• It is a small sector in most economies. But it is highly productive.
• It is a a key component of international trade
• and it is R&D Intense.
A policy oriented overview of available
indicators and measurement challenges
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
Ko
rea
Ire
lan
d
Fin
lan
d
Swe
de
n
Hu
nga
ry
Un
ite
d K
ingd
om
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
De
nm
ark
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Jap
an
Ne
the
rlan
ds
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Esto
nia
No
rway
Fran
ce
Po
rtu
gal
Be
lgiu
m
Ge
rman
y
Au
stra
lia
Slo
ven
ia
Spai
n
Ital
y
Gre
ece
Au
stri
a
Can
ada
Swit
zerl
and
Value added Employment Relative productivity (RhS)
3.2
A small sector in most economies, But highly productive
ICT industries: why so important? 1. Value added, employment, productivity
OECD: Internet Economy Outlook 2012 database
Share of ICT sector VA and employment in OECD countries business economy & relative productivity (2009)
Su
pp
ly: IC
T In
du
str
ies
… and a key component of international trade (about 11% of world merchandise trade value in 2011)
ICT industries: why so important? 2. International trade
Normalised trade balances and % share of goods exports (2009)
8.2
%
0.8
%
1.3
%
2.0
%
7.3
%
1.0
%
5.2
%
0.7
%
1.7
%
1.2
%
5.2
%
0.1
%
63
.1%
5.7
%
1.0
%
1.0
%
0.5
%
2.0
%
2.4
%
11
.7%
0.3
%
0.1
%
0.0
%
1.1
%
0.2
%
0.2
%
0.8
%
0.3
%
0.2
%
0.6
%
0.0
%
0.1
%
0.2
%
0.0
%
0.0
%
36
.9%
-120%
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
Ko
rea
Isra
el
Ire
lan
d
Hu
nga
ry
Jap
an
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Me
xico
Fin
lan
d
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Swe
de
n
Ne
the
rlan
ds
Esto
nia
OEC
D
Ge
rman
y
Be
lgiu
m
Po
lan
d
Au
stri
a
Fran
ce
Un
ite
d K
ingd
om
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
De
nm
ark
Slo
ven
ia
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Can
ada
Po
rtu
gal
No
rway
Ital
y
Swit
zerl
and
Turk
ey
Spai
n
Ne
w Z
eal
and
Gre
ece
Au
stra
lia
Ch
ile
Ice
lan
d
Ch
ina
% of OECD+China ICT goods exports
Normalised trade balance for ICT goods
OECD: Key ICT indicators
Su
pp
ly: IC
T In
du
str
ies
Ital
y
Source: OECD Internet Economy Outlook, 2012
ICT industries: why so important? 3. R&D intensity
ICT BERD specialization, 2010 or latest year available (% of GDP and of total BERD)
4.45.34.86.72.5
14.45.9
27.154.613.819.318.216.910.513.116.3
8.630.322.620.929.821.112.918.226.521.213.020.431.536.027.921.032.629.632.553.173.557.7
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75
Mexico (c)Chile (b)
Roumania (b)Slovak Republic (a)
Russian Federation (a)Poland (a)
South Africa (b)Turkey (b)Greece (c )
HungaryNew Zealand (a)
ItalySpain (a)
Australia (a)Slovenia (a)
Czech Republic Germany (b)
Estonia (a)Norway (b)Canada (b)
Portugal (a)United Kingdom (a)
Austria (a)Belgium (a)
Netherlands (c)France (c)
Switzerland (b)Denmark (c)
IrelandSingaporeIceland (a)
JapanUnited States (b)
Sweden (a)IsraelKorea
Chinese TaipeiFinland (a)
% of GDPICT manufacturing R&D ICT services R&D
ICT BERD as share of total BERD, 2010 or latest available year
ICT industries generate about 1/3 of total BERD in the USA (1/5 in the EU)
Su
pp
ly: IC
T In
du
str
ies
The users’ (demand side) perspective
• The internet is intensely used by firms…
• … but not in in terms of e-commerce
• The Internet and the society (development of local ties)
ICTs, the Internet and firms
• The economy and enterprises :
– ICT investment, intangible assets and growth
– A techno-economic paradigm: ICT use, innovation, and firm performance
• Individuals and society: digital divide and potential benefits of uptake
The internet and Individuals
• Definitions, classifications, surveying content
• Emerging phenomena and new measurement perspectives
A policy oriented overview of available
indicators and measurement challenges
Uptake by firms
Most enterprises use the Internet
Broadband use and web-presence
Source: OECD
De
ma
nd
: In
tern
et
an
d f
irm
s
Uptake by firms
Few firms employ e-commerce solutions
Enterprises selling / purchasing over the Internet (2011)
Source: OECD
De
ma
nd
: In
tern
et
an
d e
-co
mm
erc
e
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
Selling Purchasing
• ICT usage complementary to innovation
ESSLIMIT: Micro-founded evidence on
the ICT-innovation-performance threads
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
PROD PROC ORG PROD PROC ORG PROD PROC ORG PROD PROC ORG
Automated Data Exchange Info sharing w/customers & suppliers
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Enterprise Resource Management (ERP)
ICT MANUF MARKET SERVICES ALL INDUSTRIES
Use of selected IT tools among innovators and non-innovators: percentage differences, year 2008
http://www.ess-limit.eu/
De
ma
nd
: IC
T u
sa
ge
by
fir
ms
Uptake by individuals Age, education, income, gender and employment status
The gap increases with age
Non educated
elders are
illiterate
Youth: no gender gap
... & EDU
Income matters
% of individuals having used internet in the last three months (EU 27)
Source: Eurostat
De
ma
nd
: IC
T u
sa
ge
by
in
div
idu
als
Uptake and local content:
Infrastructure matters
LOCAL CONTENT Wikipedia entries
INTERNET DEVELOPMENT A. Broadband penetration B. Autonomous systems C. International bandwidth
LOCAL CONTENT Web pages per ccTLD per capita
INTERNET DEVELOPMENT Autonomous systems
LOCAL CONTENT Blogs per country, per capita
INTERNET DEVELOPMENT Routed IPv4 addresses per capita
De
ma
nd
:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Arabic Japanese German Spanish English
Number of Wiki entries per 1000 native speakers
Internet and local content
Local content in the Arab world
De
ma
nd
: lo
ca
l c
on
ten
t in
th
e A
rab
Wo
rld
• ICTs are a strategic sector and a source of competitiveness
Promote regional actors, frame regulation policy and provide incentives for uptake by enterprises
• Governments are a strategic actor
E-government platforms and services (e-Health and education).
• Promote cooperation in strategic areas Cultural dissemination (e.g. Wikipedia), Regional
platforms for enterprises and services
Some conclusions
Dr. Andrea de Panizza
Dr. Piotr Stryszowski
Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry
for further information
>>> Contact us
OECD
2, rue André-Pascal
75775 Paris CEDEX 16
France
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]