PDX® reactor technology in advanced BioFuels production12 14 16-5%< Uplift < 0% 0%< Uplift < 5% 5% < Uplift < 10% Uplift > 10%. Batch Uplift Range Number of PDX

www.pursuitdynamics.com © Pursuit Dynamics 2008 CONFIDENTIAL

PDX® reactor technology in advanced BioFuels

production

October 2008


Markets and Commercialisation

Food, Beverage, Dairy and Brewing Fire Defence EthanolOil and Gas

Grain

to

Ethanol

Cellulose

to

EthanolIn

Development

http://www.eads.com/


PDX technology

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

050100150200250300350400

distance [mm]

stat

ic p

ress

ure

[bar

G]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

tem

pera

ture

[deg

C]

4 barG static pressure profile 4 barG temperature profile

Steam flow

Process flow

Low pressure,supersonic

vapour phase (95% Vacuum)

Condensation shock-wave

Increases Ethanol yield by…

•Instantly activating all the starch

•Activating the intra- cellular starch

•No hot spots = No starch degeneration


Micrographs of 5% solution starch cook

conventionally cooked to 70ºC

conventionally cooked to 85ºC held 10 minutes

PDX system to 72ºC (Instantaneously)

XGood cook -

full swelling/ no shearInadequate cook poor swelling

Analysis supported by: Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Associationand Reading Scientific Services Ltd

Conclusion: PDX gelatinises 99.9% of all starch instantly at 72 Deg C

Instantly activating all the starch


PDX systems delivering value

(Food and Brewing)4,000 Kg/Hour4,000 Kg/Hour

2x12,000 Kg/Hour2x12,000 Kg/Hour440,000 Kg/Hour440,000 Kg/Hour

today


The PDX Ethanol Reactor Tower arriving fully assembled

The PDX ERT in position at the liquefaction tank

OregonFull scale PDX Ethanol Reactor Tower install in a 40 mgal/year plant

PDX systems delivering value

(Biofuels)today


Summary of initial third party evaluation

•

Trials conducted at respected National Corn to Ethanol Research Center

(NCERC) in Illinois, Dec 2007•

Objectives were to confirm–

Anticipated yield improvements across full ethanol process–

System design valid for production scale–

Assess energy impact–

Confirm expected enzyme reduction–

Investigate downstream process impact

•

Results excellent•

Further unanticipated savings identified


Headline Results

-

30% Fermentation Time+ 14% Yield uplift-

75% Liquefaction Time

-

50% α-Amylase usage

•

Performance benchmarked against a Jet Cooker Control•

Based on results from NCERC Trial December 2007


NCERC


PDX Reactor verification trials at NCERC

•

Complete Ethanol production –

from slurry build & liquefaction through to Fermentation & Distillation• 15 x 1,500 USG batches processed•

PDX reactor system operated at a flowrate

of 60 USG / min•

This flowrate

equals a plant size of 5.1 mill USG / year of fuel ethanol•

Each test monitored and captured by 1,750 telemetry points•

Each batch processed was analysed for performance at 50 individual sample points by NCERC laboratory facilities and personnel•

Baseline tests performed using industry best-in-class Jet Cooker technology


Jet Cooker

PDX Maximum

80.0%

82.0%

84.0%

86.0%

88.0%

90.0%

92.0%

94.0%

96.0%

98.0%

100.0%

Jet_Cooker PDX

% o

f sta

rch

conv

erte

d to

glu

cose

Starch conversion to Glucose NCERC results

14% more glucosefrom feedstock

14% more glucosefrom feedstock


Jet Cooker

PDX Maximum

96.0%

98.0%

100.0%

102.0%

104.0%

106.0%

108.0%

110.0%

112.0%

114.0%

116.0%

Jet_Cooker PDX

% E

than

ol p

rodu

ctio

nco

mpa

red

to J

et C

ooke

r

Starch conversion to Ethanol NCERC results

14% more ethanolfrom feedstock

14% more ethanolfrom feedstock


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

time, hr

etha

nol y

ield

bas

elin

ed to

Jet

Coo

ker

Jet CookerPDX

Fermentation kinetics – NCERC results

Normal industry fermentor drop

PDX fermentor sweet spot


PDX Reactor Energy Balance

DDGS Drying30%

Evaporation17%Separation

2%

Distillation38%

Grinding2%

Fermentation2%

Liquefaction9%

Energy consumption in First Generation Bioethanol

ProcessesSource: Lurgi

•

Conventional Liquefaction:

–

Preheat to activation temp 100 Deg C

–

Maintain liquefaction temp at 83 Deg C for 2 hours

•

PDX Liquefaction:–

Preheat to activation temp 83 Deg C

–

Maintain liquefaction temp at 83 Deg C for 1/2 hours

•

PDX has no significant impact on plant energy balance


Link to PDX Control Panel in Plant Control Room

PDX Ethanol Reactor Tower Retrofitted into existing liquefaction process

LIQUEFACTION TANK

STEAM MAIN

STEAM CONDITIONING

PDX Reactor Tower By-pass

SLURRY TANK

EthanolReactor Tower

Jet cooker


OregonFull scale PDX Ethanol Reactor Tower install in a 40 mgal/year plant

Gen 1- Full scale install Spring 2008

Results (250908):

+ Average 7.1% Yield uplift + Max. 14.5% Yield uplift-

25% α-Amylase usage

Results calculated and verified by MUSE StancilMuse is a global consulting firm specializing in the energy industry


Distribution of PDX Uplift Batches

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

-5%< Uplift < 0% 0%< Uplif t < 5% 5% < Uplift < 10% Uplift > 10%

Batch Uplift Range

Num

ber

of P

DX

Bat

ches

Results calculated and verified by MUSE StancilMuse is a global consulting firm specializing in the energy industry

Baseline:April/May fermentorsExcl. plant shut-down, high lactic acid and other abnormal fermentors

Gen 1- Full scale install Spring 2008


Headline specification (ERT-3):•470 gal/min (40MMgal/year ethanol production)•Integrated CIP solution for continuous production•Fully automized

control system•Full integration with plant operation system

Ethanol Reactor TowerPDX ERT-3


•

Co-operation established with–

Nottingham University –

academic support –

Laboratory of the Government Chemist – analysis–

Eclipse Scientific Group -

analysis–

BRi –analysis–

Novozymes –

enzyme expertise–

Pyxis –

microscopy–

SAGENTIA – External verification–

NCERC- External verification–

MUSEStancil-External verification

PDX in Bio-Ethanol –

Third party industry expertise

http://www.lgc.co.uk/index.asp

http://www.eclipsescientific.co.uk/about/aboutmain.html


Thank you for your attention

Documents

PDX® reactor technology in advanced BioFuels production12 14 16-5%< Uplift < 0% 0%< Uplift < 5% 5% < Uplift < 10% Uplift > 10%. Batch Uplift Range Number of PDX