Peace Corps Suriname Welcome Book | March 2008

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Suriname Welcome Book | March 2008

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B Z K B N K N L X Z ^ Z [ H G O N B T O L E

A L X E K P Q L G [ E T K K X ^

I b x n f 8 : : 6





B PKGNLIK GKTTKX

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B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >

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Z K B N K N L X Z ^4

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B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;

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B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K 0

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x{xbg nlii{eotok~% Oe bddotole tl tfk Ioeo~txy la Xkòlebg

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la Z{hgon Fkbgtf bed tfk Ioeo~txok~ la Kd{nbtole Fkbgtf bed

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lx`beo}btole~ ~{nf b~ [EONKA tfk Al{edbtole alx Kd{nbtole




la tfk Ilxbqobe Nf{xnf tfk Ikdonbg Io~~ole bed tfk Plxgd

Pogdgoak A{ed%

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dkqkglziket zxlmknt ~kxqoe` oe il~t xkòle~ la tfk

nl{etxy% Tfo~ zxlmknt boikd tl oizxlqk tfk r{bgoty la goak oe

x{xbg nlii{eotok~ hy b~~o~toe` xk~odket~ oe b~~k~~oe` bed

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glnbg plike‟~ bed yl{tf `xl{z~% Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~

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ikdonbg ngoeon~ b~ pkgg b~ tfk nxkbtole la gohxbxok~% Tfky

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kd{nbtole% Tfk z{xzl~k la tfk IKD zxlmknt o~ tl fkgz tfk



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ?

zklzgk la ^{xoebik oizxlqk tfkox goqk~ hy plxcoe` potf

`lqkxeiket bed E@L~ tl txbe~akx h{~oek~~ celpgkd`k ~cogg~

bed bhogotok~% Tfk aln{~ la tfk zxl`xbi o~ oenlik `kekxbtoleb`xo)h{~oek~~ bed knltl{xo~i%

N{xxket Bntoqotok~ la Zkbnk Nlxz~ oe ^{xoebik

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la ^{xoebik ebxxlpkd ot~ aln{~ tl tpl zxlmknt~= Nlii{eoty

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oizxlqk tfk `kekxbg fkbgtf ~tbt{~ la nlii{eoty ikihkx~

&ike plike hly~ bed òxg~/ oe bgg tbx`ktkd nlii{eotok~

tfxl{`f fkbgtf zxkqketole kd{nbtole bed nbzbnoty h{ogdoe`

oe tfk bxkb~ la e{txotole pbtkx bed ~beotbtole bed FOQ,BOD^%

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bed bhogotok~% Tfk aln{~ la tfk zxl`xbi o~ zxliltoe` tl{xo~i

axli b h{~oek~~ zkx~zkntoqk plxcoe` potf yl{tf tl oenxkb~k

kizglybhogoty bed ~{zzlxtoe` abxikx~ oe dkqkglzoe` b`xo)

h{~oek~~ ~cogg~%

Ilxk tfbe >:: Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ fbqk ~kxqkd oe

^{xoebik bed 44 bxk n{xxketgy ~kxqoe` oe tfk nl{etxy% Zkbnk

Nlxz~,^{xoebik xknx{ot~ hltf ~oe`gk~ bed nl{zgk~% Zkbnk

Nlxz~,^{xoebik betonozbtk~ pkgnlioe` bzzxlvoibtkgy 81 ekp

Qlg{etkkx~ oe 8::6 il~t la pfli pogg hk zgbnkd oe x{xbg lx

zkxo){xhbe nlii{eotok~%






NL[ETX_ LQKXQOKP=

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^{xoebik b~ zbxt la tfk Zkbnk Txkbty la Hxkdb oe 2110%

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Ekp _lxc tfke Ekp Bi~tkxdbi%

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bttkizt tl k~tbhgo~f tfk b`xon{gt{xbg oizlxtbenk la ^{xoebik

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bed tfk Mbqbek~k gbhlxkx~ gkat tfk zgbetbtole~ batkx tfkox aoqk)

ykbx lhgo btlxy plxc zkxold%

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hy Foed{~tbeo gbhlxkx~ axli Oedob% Gock tfk Mbqbek~k tfk~k




oedket{xkd gbhlxkx~ pkxk xkr{oxkd tl plxc le tfk zgbetbtole~

alx b ~kt toik zkxold batkx pfonf tfky nl{gd xkt{xe tl Oedob lx

kvtked tfkox nletxbnt~% Bhl{t >0::: Foed{~tbeo~ pkxk hxl{`fttl ^{xoebik% B ilqkiket gkd hy Ibfbtib @bedfo ~tlzzkd tfk

aglp oe 2?21%

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^{xoebik‟~ ebt{xbg xk~l{xnk~ hk`be% X{hhkx `lgd bed hb{votk

~lle hknbik oizlxtbet tl tfk nl{etxy‟~ knleliy% Bgnlb be

Bikxonbe hb{votk nlizbey lhtboekd b gbx`k ngboi oe tfk

oetkxolx la ^{xoebik alx b zkxold la 4: ykbx~% Hb{votk axli

^{xbgnl tfk ^{xoebik~k ~{h~odobxy la Bgnlb pb~ zxlhbhgy

^{xoebik‟~ il~t oizlxtbet nletxoh{tole tl tfk Bggokd alxnk~

d{xoe` Plxgd Pbx OO ~oenk bg{ioeo{i ibdk axli hb{votk pb~

oedo~zke~bhgk oe nle~tx{ntoe` boxzgbek~%

D{xoe` tfk Plxgd Pbx OO @kxibe lnn{zbtole la tfk

Ektfkxgbed~ ^{xoebik pb~ gkat tl aked alx ot~kga% Batkx tfkpbx tfk zlgotonbg ~tbt{~ la tfk D{tnf nlgleok~ nfbe`kd%

^{xoebik hknbik be b{tlelil{~ zbxt la tfk Coe`dli la tfk

Ektfkxgbed~ oe 2?;4%

Lek la tfk gk`bnok~ la D{tnf nletxlg la ^{xoebik o~ tfk

~kzbxbtole la doaakxket ktfeon `xl{z~% Tfk xk~{gt~ la tfo~

~k`xk`btole nbe hk ~kke oe tfk ibmlx zlgotonbg zbxtok~ tfbt

kikx`kd oe tfk kbxgy 2?;:~% Tfk Ebtolebg Zbxty la ^{xoebik

&elp celpe b~ EZC/ al{ed ~{zzlxt bile` tfk Nxklgk~ la

Baxonbe lxoòe bed tfk Zxl`xk~~oqk Xkalxi Zbxty &QFZ/

nle~o~tkd iboegy la Foed{~tbeo~%

Batkx tfk 2?0> kgkntole~ tfk EZC)hbnckd `lqkxeiket hk`be

ek`ltobtoe` potf tfk Ektfkxgbed~ alx oedkzkedkenk% ^{xoebik

hknbik oedkzkedket le Elqkihkx 8; 2?0;% B~ zbxt la tfkek`ltobtole~ tfk Ektfkxgbed~ b`xkkd tl ~{zzlxt tfk yl{e`

nl{etxy potf knlelion bod alx 2: ykbx~ zxlqodoe` 4 hoggole

`{ogdkx~%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K 2>

Tfk ykbx~ oiikdobtkgy algglpoe` oedkzkedkenk pkxk

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dkilnxbny fb~ zxkqbogkd oe ^{xoebik%

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Pbeonb ôzbgopoeo bed Hxlclzledl% Kbnf do~txont fb~ b do~txont

nliio~~olekx pfl o~ b~~o~tkd hy b do~txont ~knxktbxy bed

hk~t{{x lz}onftkx~ pfl bxk `lqkxeiket xkzxk~ketbtoqk~ la

tfk nlii{eotok~ oe tfk do~txont%

Tfk kvkn{toqk hxbenf la tfk `lqkxeiket o~ ibdk {z la b

zxk~odket qonk zxk~odket bed nbhoekt la ioeo~tkx~% Tfk n{xxket

zxk~odket Xlebgd Qkektobbe o~ nle~odkxkd hltf tfk nfoka la

~tbtk bed tfk fkbd la `lqkxeiket% Tfk n{xxket qonk zxk~odket

o~ Xbi ^bxdmlk% Nbhoekt ioeo~tkx~ bxk bzzloetkd hy tfk

zxk~odket axli bile` tfk ikihkx~ la tfk Ebtolebg B~~kihgy%

Tfk zxk~odket bed qonk zxk~odket bxk kgkntkd hy tfk Ebtolebg

B~~kihgy% Oa kotfkx lek dlk~ elt xknkoqk b nle~tot{tolebgibmlxoty qltk oe tfk Ebtolebg B~~kihgy batkx tpl xl{ed~ la

qltoe tfky bxk ~kgkntkd hy tfk gbx`kx Zklzgk‟~ B~~kihgy

&potf 61? xkzxk~ketbtoqk~ axli ebtolebg glnbg bed xkòlebg

nl{enog~/% Tfk zxk~odket bed qonk zxk~odket bxk kgkntkd alx

aoqk)ykbx tkxi~% Tfk ekvt kgkntole~ bxk ~nfkd{gkd oe Iby 8:2:%

Tfk gkò~gbtoqk hxbenf nle~o~t~ la b {eonbikxbg Ebtolebg

B~~kihgy potf ;2 ~kbt~ pfl~k ikihkx~ bxk kgkntkd hy

zlz{gbx qltk tl ~kxqk aoqk)ykbx tkxi~%




Knleliy

Tfk nl{etxy fb~ b ~txle` b`xon{gt{xbg hb~k zxld{noe` xonk

notx{~ ax{ot~ ~{`bx bed hbebeb~% ^fxoiz ao~foe` o~ g{nxbtoqk%

Tfk ltfkx iboe bntoqotok~ oe tfo~ ~kntlx oeng{dk goqk~tlnc

hxkkdoe` bed gl`òe`% Gl`òe` la ^{xoebik‟~ qb~t m{e`gk

oetkxolx lnn{x~ {edkx b nletxbnt bpbxdkd tl b Ibgby~obe

nlizbey% Ot o~ nletxlqkx~obg bed tfk `lqkxeiket fb~ nlik

{edkx zxk~~{xk axli tfk oetkxebtolebg keqoxleiketbg

nlii{eoty tl xk~txont tfk r{betoty la txkk~ fbxqk~tkd% Ioeoe`

iboegy la hb{votk o~ tfk zxoenozbg oed{~txobg lzkxbtole%

Nliikxnobg `lgd)ioeoe` lzkxbtk~ oe tfk oetkxolx% Tfkxk bxk

bg~l tfl{`ft tl hk ~{h~tbetobg xk~kxqk~ la oxle lxk ibe`bek~k

nlzzkx eonckg bed zgbtoe{i b~ pkgg b~ ildkxbtk le~flxk

log dkzl~ot~% Bzbxt axli zxlnk~~oe` lxk~ bed alld zxld{nt~

tfk oed{~txobg ~kntlx o~ gbx`kgy dkqltkd tl tfk ibe{abnt{xk la

no`bxkttk~ hkqkxb`k~ bed nfkionbg~%

Alxkoè bod k~zknobggy axli tfk Ektfkxgbed~ fb~ hkke

k~~ketobg tl ^{xoebik‟~ knleliy% ôenk 2??> tfo~ bod fb~

hkke nledotolebg le tfk oetxld{ntole la knlelion xkalxi~%

Tfk `lqkxeiket la ^{xoebik fb~ hkke poggoe` tl oizgkiket

bgg la tfk nledotole~% B~ b xk~{gt xkgbtole~ hktpkke tfk tpl

`lqkxeiket~ fbqk khhkd bed aglpkd potf zxlzlxtolebg kaaknt~

le tfk qlg{ik la bod axli tfk Fb`{k%

^{xoebik hknbik b a{gg ikihkx la tfk Nbxohhkbe txbdoe` hgln

NBXONLI oe 2??;% Tfk nl{etxy‟~ zxoenozbg txbdoe` zbxtekx~

bxk tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ tfk Ektfkxgbed~ Txoeodbd bed Tlhb`l

bed Hxb}og%

Oe Mbe{bxy 8::4 ^{xoebik‟~ n{xxkeny nfbe`kd axli tfk

`{ogdkx &â/ tl tfk ^XD &^{xoebik~k dlggbx/% Lek [%^% dlggbx o~n{xxketgy kr{bg tl ^XD 8%0;% Tfkxk bxk ~kqkxbg laaonobg ileky

kvnfbe`k laaonk~ &nbihol~/ oe Zbxbibxohl% Tfkox xbtk~ bxk

{~{bggy ~kqkxbg zloet~ fo`fkx tfbe tfl~k bt hbec~%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K 2;

Zklzgk bed N{gt{xk

^{xoebik fb~ b {eor{k iov la zklzgk nle~o~toe` la >0 zkxnket

Kb~t Oedobe~ glnbggy celpe b~ Foed{~tbeo3 >2 zkxnket Nxklgk~3

2;%> zkxnket Mbqbek~k3 2:%> zkxnket Ibxlle~3 8%1 zkxnket

Bikxoedobe~3 2%0 zkxnket Nfoek~k3 2 zkxnket Nb{nb~obe~3 bed

2%2 zkxnket ltfkx% Tfk zlz{gbtole pfonf o~ nlenketxbtkd oe tfk

nlb~tbg }lek o~ k~toibtkd bt 4>?220 &M{gy 8::1 k~toibtk/%

D{tnf o~ tfk laaonobg gbe`{b`k oe ^{xoebik bgtfl{`f alx ~lik

ktfeon `xl{z~ &k~zknobggy bile` tfk lgdkx `kekxbtole/ ot o~bnt{bggy b ~knled gbe`{b`k% Ke`go~f o~ bg~l podkgy ~zlcke%

^xbebe Tle`l tfk ebtoqk gbe`{b`k la Nxklgk~ o~ ~zlcke hy tfk

yl{e`kx Bikxoedobe zlz{gbtole bed o~ tfk goe`{b axbenb bile`

ltfkx~% Ltfkx gbe`{b`k~ ~zlcke oe ^{xoebik oeng{dk Mbqbek~k

Foed{~tbeo Nfoek~k bed tfk Ibxlle gbe`{b`k~ la B{nbe

^bxbibnnbe Ibtbpbo ^bococo Cpoeto Zbxbibnnbe bed Bg{c{%

Keqoxleiket

^{xoebik gok~ le tfk elxtfkxe nlb~t la ^l{tf Bikxonb

hlxdkxoe` tfk Btgbeton Lnkbe tl tfk elxtf @{ybeb tl tfk

pk~t Axkenf @{obeb tl tfk kb~t bed Hxb}og tl tfk ~l{tf% Tfk

ibmlxoty la ^{xoebik~k oefbhot tfk Btgbeton nlb~tbg xkòle% Tfk

tltbg bxkb o~ 1;>:6 ~r{bxk iogk~ &21>80: ~r{bxk cogliktkx~/bhl{t tfk ~o}k la Aglxodb%

Tfk ngoibtk o~ txlzonbg potf fo`f tkizkxbt{xk~ bed f{iodoty

ildkxbtkd hy txbdk poed~% Tfk `kl`xbzfy o~ nfbxbntkxo}kd

il~tgy hy txlzonbg xboe alxk~t potf b `xkbt doqkx~oty la aglxb

bed ab{eb% Tfk iboe xboey ~kb~le o~ axli Bzxog tl M{gy potf b

~flxtkx lek oe Dknkihkx bed Mbe{bxy%

N{xxket keqoxleiketbg o~~{k~ abnoe` ^{xoebik oeng{dk

dkalxk~tbtole &toihkx o~ n{t alx kvzlxt/ bed zlgg{tole la oegbed

pbtkxpby~ hy `lgd)ioeoe` bntoqotok~%






XK^L[XNK^ ALX

A[XTFKX OEALXIBTOLEAlgglpoe` o~ b go~t la pkh~otk~ alx bddotolebg oealxibtole

bhl{t tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ bed ^{xoebik bed tl nleeknt yl{ tl

xkt{xekd Qlg{etkkx~ bed ltfkx oeqotkk~% Zgkb~k ckkz oe ioed

tfbt bgtfl{`f pk txy tl ibck ~{xk bgg tfk~k goec~ bxk bntoqk

bed n{xxket pk nbeelt `{bxbetkk ot%

B eltk la nb{tole= B~ yl{ ~{xa tfk Oetkxekt hk bpbxk tfbt

yl{ iby aoed h{ggktoe hlbxd~ bed nfbt xlli~ oe pfonf zklzgk

bxk axkk tl kvzxk~~ lzoeole~ bhl{t tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ hb~kd

le tfkox lpe kvzkxokenk oeng{doe` nliiket~ hy tfl~k pfl

pkxk {efbzzy potf tfkox nflonk tl ~kxqk oe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~%

Tfk~k lzoeole~ bxk elt tfl~k la tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ lx tfk [%^%

`lqkxeiket bed pk flzk yl{ pogg ckkz oe ioed tfbt el tpl

zklzgk kvzkxokenk tfkox ~kxqonk oe tfk ~bik pby%

@kekxbg Oealxibtole Bhl{t ^{xoebik

ppp%glekgyzgbekt%nli,dk~toebtole~

Qo~ot tfo~ ~otk alx `kekxbg txbqkg bdqonk bhl{t bgil~t bey

nl{etxy oe tfk plxgd%

ppp%~tbtk%`lq

Tfk [%^% ^tbtk Dkzbxtiket‟~ pkh~otk o~~{k~ hbnc`xl{ed eltk~

zkxoldonbggy bhl{t nl{etxok~ bxl{ed tfk plxgd% Aoed ^{xoebik

bed gkbxe ilxk bhl{t ot~ ~lnobg bed zlgotonbg fo~tlxy%

ppp%z~x%ckkgk%bn%{c,laaonobg%ftiTfo~ ~otk oeng{dk~ goec~ tl bgg tfk laaonobg ~otk~ alx `lqkxeiket~

plxgdpodk%




fttz=,,ppp%deb%~x,

Tfk laaonobg ~otk alx tfk Ebtolebg B~~kihgy la ^{xoebik

&oe D{tnf%/

fttz=,,ppp%~{xoebikkihb~~y%lx`,

Laaonobg ôtk alx ^{xoebik Kihb~~y oe tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~%

ppp%nyhkx~nfllgh{~%{e%lx`,oealebtole,oeal%b~z

Tfo~ [eotkd Ebtole~ ~otk bgglp~ yl{ tl ~kbxnf alx ~tbto~tonbg

oealxibtole alx ikihkx ~tbtk~ la tfk [%E%

ppp%plxgdoealxibtole%nli

Tfo~ ~otk zxlqodk~ be bddotolebg ~l{xnk la n{xxket bed

fo~tlxonbg oealxibtole bhl{t nl{etxok~ plxgdpodk%

ppp%gbeon%{tkvb~%kd{

Tfk ~otk la tfk Gbtoe Bikxonbe Ektplxc Oealxibtole Nketkx

zxlqodk~ n{xxket ekp~ bed xk~l{xnk~ le Gbtoe Bikxonb%

Nleeknt Potf Xkt{xekd Qlg{etkkx~ bed Ltfkx Oeqotkk~

ppp%xznq%lx`

Tfo~ o~ tfk ~otk la tfk Ebtolebg Zkbnk Nlxz~ B~~lnobtole ibdk

{z la xkt{xekd Qlg{etkkx~% Le tfo~ ~otk yl{ nbe aoed goec~ tl

bgg tfk Pkh zb`k~ la tfk ‗axoked~ la’ `xl{z~ alx il~t nl{etxok~la ~kxqonk ibdk {z la alxikx Qlg{etkkx~ pfl ~kxqkd oe tfl~k

nl{etxok~% Tfkxk bxk bg~l xkòlebg `xl{z~ pfl axkr{ketgy `kt

tl`ktfkx alx ~lnobg kqket~ bed glnbg Qlg{etkkx bntoqotok~%

fttz=,,ppp%xznqpkhxoe`%lx`

Tfo~ ~otk o~ celpe b~ tfk Xkt{xekd Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx

Pkh Xoe`% Hxlp~k tfk pkh xoe` bed ~kk pfbt alxikx Qlg{etkkx~ bxk ~byoe` bhl{t tfkox ~kxqonk%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K 2?

fttz=,,zkbnknlxz~%it{%kd{

Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ oe tfk aokgd bed xkt{xekd Qlg{etkkx~

pfl bxk baaogobtkd potf tfk Ib~tkx‟~ Oetkxebtolebg zxl`xbi btIonfo`be Tknf ibck xk`{gbx ~{hio~~ole~ tl tfo~ ~otk oeng{doe`

~yelz~k~ la tknfeonbg zxlmknt~ bed goec~ tl tknfeonbg xk~l{xnk~

tfbt iby hk fkgza{g tl Qlg{etkkx~ oe tfk aokgd%

ppp%zkbnknlxz~pxotkx~%lx`

Tfo~ ~otk o~ fl~tkd hy b `xl{z la xkt{xekd Qlg{etkkx pxotkx~%

Ot o~ b iletfgy legoek z{hgonbtole la k~~by~ bed Qlg{etkkx

bnnl{et~ la tfkox Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~kxqonk%

fttz=,,`xl{z~%ybfll%nli,`xl{z,zn~{xoebik

Tfo~ ~otk o~ fl~tkd hy XZNQ‟~ axli ^{xoebik% Ot o~ {~kd

alx txboekk~ xkt{xekd bed n{xxket Qlg{etkkx~ la Zkbnk

Nlxz~,^{xoebik tl ~tby oe tl{nf bed zl~t beel{enkiket~%

&Zkxio~~ole tl mloe `xl{z i{~t hk xkr{k~tkd hkalxk bnnk~~ o~

`xbetkd%/

Legoek Bxtongk~,N{xxket Ekp~ ôtk~ Bhl{t ^{xoebik

ppp%~{xoebi%ekt

ôtk la tfk ‗^{xoebik Oeal Dk~c’

ppp%~toeb~{%~x

ôtk la tfk Al{edbtole alx Ebt{xk Nle~kxqbtole oe ^{xoebik

Oetkxebtolebg Dkqkglziket ôtk~ Bhl{t ^{xoebik

ppp%ppa`{obeb~%lx`

Oealxibtole bhl{t tfk Plxgd Pogdgoak A{ed‟~ plxc oe ^{xoebik

ppp%nle~kxqbtole%lx`

Nle~kxqbtole Oetkxebtolebg bed tfkox zxlmknt~ oe ^{xoebik



Z K B N K N L X Z ^8:

ppp%zbfl%lx`

Zbe Bikxonbe Fkbgtf Lx`beo}btole

ppp%{ek~nl%lx`

[eotkd Ebtole~ Kd{nbtolebg ^noketoaon bed N{gt{xbg

Lx`beo}btole

Xknliikedkd Hllc~

2% Flkatk Xl~kibxome% Oe Zgbnk la ^gbqkxy= B ^lnobg

Fo~tlxy la Hxoto~f Oedobe bed Mbqbek~k Gbhlxkx~

oe ^{xoebik% @boek~qoggk= [eoqkx~oty Zxk~~ la Aglxodb

2??6%

8% Zxonk Xonfbxd% Tfk Fo~tlxonbg Qo~ole la be Baxl)

Bikxonbe Zklzgk% Hbgtoilxk Id%= Mlfe~ Flzcoe~

[eoqkx~oty Zxk~~ 2?6>%

>% Zxonk ^bggy% Nl„Poqk~ bed Nbgbhb~fk~ &Plike bed

N{gt{xk ^kxok~ 8ed kd%/% Bee Bxhlx= [eoqkx~oty la

Ionfo`be Zxk~~ 2??>%

4% Flkatk Xl~kibxome bed Zktkx Ikkg &kdotlx~/%

Tpketoktf Nket{xy ^{xoebik= Nletoe{otok~ bed

Do~nletoe{otok~ oe b Ekp Plxgd ^lnokty% Coe`~tle3

Mbibonb P%O%= Obe Xbedgk Z{hgo~fkx~ 8::2%

;% ^{zbxgbe Zbx~{do% Tfk Mbqbek~k oe ^{xoebik=

Ktfeonoty oe be Ktfeonbggy Zg{xbg ^lnokty% Tkizk=

Bxo}leb ^tbtk [eoqkx~oty Zxl`xbi alx ^l{tfkb~t B~obe

^t{dok~ 2??;%

Hllc~ Bhl{t tfk Fo~tlxy la tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

2% Flaaibe Kgo}bhktf Nlhh~% Bgg _l{ Ekkd o~ Glqk= Tfk

Zkbnk Nlxz~ bed tfk ^zoxot la tfk 2?1:‟~% Nbihxod`k

Ib~~%= Fbxqbxd [eoqkx~oty Zxk~~ 8:::%




8% Xonk @kxbgd T% Tfk Hlgd Kvzkxoiket= MAC‟~ Zkbnk

Nlxz~% Eltxk Dbik Oed%= [eoqkx~oty la Eltxk Dbik

Zxk~~ 2?6;%>% ^tl~~kg ^nltt% ^bx`k= Tfk Goak bed Toik~ la ^bx`ket

^fxoqkx% Pb~foe`tle D%N%= îotf~leobe Oe~tot{tole

Zxk~~ 8::4%

Hllc~ le tfk Qlg{etkkx Kvzkxokenk

2% Doxgbi ^fbxle% Hkyled ôhkxob= Tpl _kbx~ oe b Alx`lttke Zgbnk% ^betb Hbxhbxb Nbgoa%= In^kb~ Hllc~

8::4%

8% Nb~khlgt Ibxmlxok DkIl~~% Ibx`bxotb= B @{btkibgbe

Zkbnk Nlxz~ Kvzkxokenk% @o` Fbxhlx Pb~f%= Xkd Bzzgk

Z{hgo~foe` 8:::%

>% Kxdibe ^bxbf% Eoek Fogg~ tl Ebihlecbfb= Tpl _kbx~oe tfk Fkbxt la be Baxonbe Qoggb`k% Ekp _lxc E%_%=

Zonbdlx 8::>%

4% Fk~~gkx Zktkx% Xoqkx Tlpe= Tpl _kbx~ le tfk _be`t}k%

Ekp _lxc E%_%= Zkxkeeobg 8::2%

;% Ckeekdy @kxbgdoek &kd%/% Axli tfk Nketkx la tfk

Kbxtf= ^tlxok~ L{t la tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~% ^betb Ileonb

Nbgoa%= Nglqkx Zbxc Zxk~~ 2??2%

1% Tfliz~ke Ilxot}% Goqoe` Zllx= B Zkbnk Nlxz~

Nfxleongk% ^kbttgk Pb~f%= [eoqkx~oty la Pb~foe`tle

Zxk~~ 2??0 &xkzxoet/%






GOQOE@ NLEDOTOLE^ BED

QLG[ETKKX GOAK^T_GKNlii{eonbtole~

Ibog

Ibog tyzonbggy tbck~ tfxkk pkkc~ tl b iletf tl txbqkg hktpkke

tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ bed ^{xoebik hy box% B zbncb`k ~ket hy

~{xabnk ibog nbe tbck {z tl ~ov iletf~ tl bxxoqk%

Ibog alx Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik o~ xknkoqkd bt b zl~t laaonk

hlv oe Zbxbibxohl% D{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe` yl{x ibog

pogg hk zonckd {z bed dkgoqkxkd hy ~tbaa tl yl{x txboeoe` ~otk

lenk b pkkc% Lenk txboeoe` o~ nlizgktkd ibog o~ zonckd {z hy

Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa bt tfk nketxbg zl~t laaonk bed do~txoh{tkd tl

Qlg{etkkx~‟ iboghlvk~ oe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ laaonk oe Zbxbibxohl%

_l{x ibogoe` bddxk~~ pogg hk=

Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik

‗_l{x Ebik’

Z%L% Hlv ?;::

Zbxbibxohl)]{od ^{xoebik

^l{tf Bikxonb

Ibog nbe hk ~ket axli tfk nketxbg zl~t laaonk &^{xzl~t/ oe

Zbxbibxohl ~btkggotk zl~t laaonk~ oe do~txont~ lx b akp ~tlxk~ oe

tfk nbzotbg% Zbncb`k~ tl tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ nbe legy hk ibogkd

axli lek zl~t laaonk glnbtkd tpl cogliktkx~ axli tfk Zkbnk

Nlxz~ laaonk oe Zbxbibxohl%

Zl~tnbxd~ bed gkttkx~ pko`foe` gk~~ tfbe 2 l} &b tyzonbg

keqkglzk bed tpl zb`k gkttkx/ axli tfk nletoeketbg [%^%

xkr{oxk~ ?: nket~ zl~tb`k b~ la ^kztkihkx 8::0 nfknc potf

ppp%{~z~%nli alx n{xxket xbtk~%




Le bqkxb`k zbncb`k~ nbe tbck >)4 pkkc~ tl bxxoqk oe

^{xoebik axli tfk [%^% Ot'~ tyzonbggy flt oe ^{xoebik ~l ~kgknt

tfk nletke~ bnnlxdoe`gy% Bgg zbncb`k~ xk{oxk be bzzxlzxobtkhlv lx keqkglzk zl~tb`k n{~tli~ alxi bed n{~tli~ alxi

keqkglzk% Tfk bzzlxobtk n{~tli~ alxi bed tfk n{~tli~ alxi

keqkglzk nbe bg~l hk al{ed bt tfk ppp% {~z~%nli pkh~otk%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ b iknfbeo~i oe zgbnk alx yl{ bed tfk

nlii{eotok~ yl{ plxc potf tl bnnk~~ [%^% zxoqbtk ~kntlx

a{ed~% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ Zbxtekx~foz Zxl`xbi bdioeo~tkxkd

hy tfk Laaonk la Zxoqbtk ^kntlx Oeotobtoqk~ nbe fkgz yl{ lhtboe

aoebenobg ~{zzlxt axli nlxzlxbtole~ al{edbtole~ noqon `xl{z~

oedoqod{bg~ abotf)hb~kd `xl{z~ bed ~nfllg~ alx zxlmknt~

bzzxlqkd hy tfk Nl{etxy Doxkntlx%

Tkgkzflek~

Z{hgon tkgkzflek~ bxk bqbogbhgk oe tfk nbzotbg noty bed

~{xxl{edoe` ~{h{xh~% Tl ibck b nbgg axli b gbed)goek zflek yl{ pogg ekkd tl z{xnfb~k b tkgkzflek nbxd% Tkgkzflek nbxd~

bxk xkbdogy bqbogbhgk oe ~ibgg nlxekx ~tlxk~ bt `b~ ~tbtole~ bed

bt bey la tfk Tkgk~{x laaonk~ oe Zbxbibxohl% Ot o~ zl~~ohgk tl

zgbnk oetkxebtolebg nbgg~ {~oe` tfk~k nbxd~%

^lik qoggb`k~ oe tfk oetkxolx la tfk nl{etxy fbqk tkgkzflek

~kxqonk {~{bggy lek zflek bt b glnbg ~tlxk tfbt ~kxqk~ tfk

ketoxk qoggb`k% Ltfkx qoggb`k~ fbqk legy fo`f)axkr{keny xbdol~

alx nlii{eonbtole% Hknb{~k tfk zl~~ohogotok~ la ibcoe` nbgg~

axli tfk oetkxolx bxk ~l goiotkd il~t Qlg{etkkx~ nbgg flik

pfke tfky bxk oe tfk nbzotbg%

Nliz{tkx' Oetkxekt' bed K)ibog Bnnk~~

Tfxkk nliz{tkx~ bxk bqbogbhgk alx Qlg{etkkx~‟ zxlmknt)xkgbtkd

plxc bt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ laaonk oe Zbxbibxohl% Qlg{etkkx~ fbqk

oeotobtkd b ~oè){z ~y~tki tl ke~{xk tfbt tfl~k pfl po~f tl

{~k tfk nliz{tkx~ fbqk kr{bg bnnk~~%




Oetkxekt nleekntole~ oe ^{xoebik bxk elt b~ ab~t b~ pfbt yl{

iby hk {~kd tl oe tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~% Nleekntole~ bxk tyzonbggy

~glpkx oe tfk batkxelle pfke zklzgk gkbqk plxc lx ~nfllgbed fkbd alx lek la tfk ibey Oetkxekt nbaï~ oe Zbxbibxohl%

Zxonk~ bt tfk oetkxekt nbaï~ bxk xkb~lebhgk &$2%;: tl $8 zkx

fbga)fl{x/% A{ed~ alx Oetkxekt akk~ bxk oeng{dkd oe yl{x goqoe`

bgglpbenk% Il~t Qlg{etkkx~ dl elt fbqk Oetkxekt lx k)ibog

bnnk~~ oe tfkox nlii{eotok~% ^lik Qlg{etkkx~ hxoe` b gbztlz

&lx fbqk ot ~ket tl tfki/ flpkqkx ot o~ elt kenl{xb`kd d{k

tl tfk zl~~ohogoty la tfkat bed ~oenk elt bgg ~otk~ oe tfk oetkxolxfbqk xkgobhgk kgkntxonoty%

Zxoqbtk dlebtole~

Zkbnk Nlxz~ xk`{gbtole~ zxlfohot Qlg{etkkx~ axli bnnkztoe`

dlebtole~ doxkntgy% Dlebtole~ nbe nb{~k nlea{~ole bhl{t tfk

xlgk la tfk Qlg{etkkx pfl io`ft hk zkxnkoqkd b~ b abnogotbtlx

la `lld~ bed a{ed~ xbtfkx tfbe b~ b zkx~le pfl o~ plxcoe`

tl h{ogd b nlii{eoty‟~ nbzbnoty tl odketoay glnbg xk~l{xnk~%

_l{ bxk elt zkxiottkd tl ~lgonot ibtkxobg~ lx a{ed~ alx yl{x

nlii{eoty d{xoe` yl{x aox~t tfxkk iletf~ bt ~otk ~l tfbt yl{

fbqk toik tl oetk`xbtk oetl tfk nlii{eoty bed fkgz ikihkx~

odketoay zl~~ohgk zxlmknt~% Tl ke~{xk tfbt bey xkr{k~t alx

a{edoe` lx dlebtole~ o~ bzzxlzxobtk alx yl{x zxlmknt bed yl{x

nlii{eoty yl{ i{~t fbqk zxolx b{tflxo}btole axli yl{x

Zxl`xbi Ibeb`kx bed tfk Nl{etxy Doxkntlx% Tl gkbxe ilxk

bhl{t tfk Zbxtekx~foz Zxl`xbi nbgg 6::%484%6;6: kvtke~ole

820: k)ibog znzzJzkbnknlxz~%`lq lx qo~ot ppp%zkbnknlxz~%

`lq,oedkv%nai<~fkgg9xk~l{xnk~%dlelx~%qlgzxlm%

Fl{~oe` bed ôtk Glnbtole

Txboekk~ bxk zgbnkd potf b fl~t abiogy alx il~t la zxk)~kxqonk

txboeoe`% Qlg{etkkx~ bxk glnbtkd bt ~otk~ oe tfk oetkxolx oe

do~txont~ lx oe tfk nbzotbg%




Tfk ~otk~ oe tfk oetkxolx bxk bgle` tfk ^{xoebik bed

Ibxlpomek xoqkx~ lx oe tfk ~bqbeeb xkòle% Oetkxolx qoggb`k~

latke dl elt fbqk x{eeoe` pbtkx lx kgkntxonoty lx fbqk tfl~k~kxqonk~ alx b goiotkd e{ihkx la fl{x~ kbnf dby% Fl{~k~ bxk

x{~ton nle~o~toe` la b tfbtnf lx toe xlla bed plld)zgbec pbgg~%

Hknb{~k qoggb`k~ bxk b~ckd tl zxlqodk fl{~oe` alx Qlg{etkkx~

tfk ~o}k nledotole bed ~tygk la fl{~oe` nbe qbxy podkgy% ^lik

Qlg{etkkx~ bxk zgbnkd oe Do~txont ~otk~ hk~t nfbxbntkxo}kd b~

~ibgg tlpe~3 lx tfky iby plxc oe tfk nbzotbg noty Zbxbibxohl%

Qlg{etkkx~ goqoe` oe tfk~k bxkb~ `kekxbggy fbqk bnnk~~ tlx{eeoe` pbtkx bed kgkntxonoty dby bed eo`ft b~ pkgg b~ ltfkx

nleqkeokenk~%

Goqoe` Bgglpbenk bed Ileky Ibeb`kiket

Qlg{etkkx~ xknkoqk b goqoe` bgglpbenk oe tfk glnbg n{xxkeny

&^{xoebik Dlggbx~—^XD/ pfonf o~ dkzl~otkd oetl bhbec bnnl{et oe Zbxbibxohl% Qlg{etkkx~ hb~kd l{t~odk la

Zbxbibxohl xknkoqk b txbe~zlxtbtole bgglpbenk pfonf zby~

alx lek txoz tl tfk nbzotbg zkx r{bxtkx% Tfo~ bgglpbenk o~ bg~l

dkzl~otkd oetl tfk hbec bnnl{et bed o~ oetkedkd tl nlqkx lek

txoz zkx r{bxtkx alx Qlg{etkkx~ tl nlik tl tfk nbzotbg tl tbck

nbxk la hbecoe` bed ltfkx ekkd~% Qlg{etkkx~ pfl ekkd tl zby

xket bg~l xknkoqk b fl{~oe` bgglpbenk%

Ot o~ oizlxtbet tl ibeb`k yl{x ileky% ^kttoe` {z b ~y~tki

la h{d`ktoe` pogg hk oizlxtbet% Tfk goqoe` bgglpbenk o~

dktkxioekd hy be bee{bg goqoe` bgglpbenk ~{xqky tl ke~{xk

tfk bil{et o~ ~{aaonoket tl ikkt hb~on kvzke~k~% Oe tfk

oetkxolx tfkxk o~ gottgk tl ~zked ileky le ltfkx tfbe alld bed

hkqkxb`k~% Flpkqkx tfoe`~ tked tl hk ilxk kvzke~oqk oe tfk

oetkxolx ~l il~t Qlg{etkkx~ h{y b ~{zzgy la alld tl tbck tl

tfkox ~otk~ pfke tfky bxk qo~otoe` tfk nbzotbg%




Txbe~zlxtbtole hktpkke oetkxolx ~otk~ nbe hk kvzke~oqk%

Qlg{etkkx~ bxk kvzkntkd tl goqk potfoe tfk ikbe~ la tfk goqoe`

bgglpbenk% Zkbnk Nlxz~ do~nl{xb`k~ {~k la l{t~odk a{ed~hxl{`ft lx ~ket axli flik b~ ot zxkqket~ yl{ axli goqoe` bt

tfk ~bik gkqkg b~ tfk zklzgk oe yl{x nlii{eoty% _l{ iby

flpkqkx pbet tl hxoe` b ~ibgg bil{et la ileky alx txbqkg

oe ^{xoebik bed ~{xxl{edoe` nl{etxok~ d{xoe` yl{x qbnbtole

toik% Qkxy akp zgbnk~ oe ^{xoebik bnnkzt nxkdot nbxd~ bed

tfl~k tfbt dl legy bnnkzt Bikxonbe Kvzxk~~ Ib~tkxNbxd lx

Qo~b3 gockpo~k b akp BTI~ bnnkzt ibmlx nxkdot nbxd~% Hbecakk~ hktpkke 2 zkxnket bed ; zkxnket bxk elt {enliile

pfke {~oe` b nxkdot nbxd oe ^{xoebik%

Alld bed Dokt

Hknb{~k la tfk doqkx~oty la n{gt{xk~ xkzxk~ketkd oe ^{xoebik

tfkxk o~ b qbxokty la alld lztole~% Oe x{xbg qoggb`k~ xonk o~ b~tbzgk la tfk dokt% Ikbg~ {~{bggy nle~o~t la b gbx`k r{betoty la

xonk ~kxqkd potf b ~ibgg zoknk la ikbt bed b ~ibgg ~kxqoe` la

qk`ktbhgk~% Il~t zklzgk oe tfk oetkxolx bg~l `xlp tfkox lpe

nb~~bqb bed ltfkx qk`ktbhgk~ tl ~kgg bt ibxckt~% Qlg{etkkx~ bxk

kenl{xb`kd tl zgbet tfkox lpe `bxdke~ alx b ~tkbdy ~{zzgy la

axk~f qk`ktbhgk~ bed tl ildkg b fkbgtfy dokt%

Qk`ktbxobe~ nbe iboetboe b fkbgtfy dokt oe ^{xoebik%

Bdkr{btk gkqkg~ la zxltkoe bxk bqbogbhgk glnbggy oe tkvt{xo}kd

qk`ktbhgk zxltkoe zxld{nt~ bed oe b qbxokty la hkbe~

gketog~ bed e{t~% Ibey qk`ktbxobe~ aoed tfbt tfk `xkbtk~t

doaaon{gty gok~ oe kvzgboeoe` qk`ktbxobeo~i tl ikihkx~ la tfkox

nlii{eoty pfkxk ikbt o~ fo`fgy qbg{kd bed ~kxqkd bt ibey

~lnobg `btfkxoe`~%

Gkbxeoe` tl zxkzbxk glnbg n{o~oek nbe hk xkpbxdoe`% ^{xoebik

fb~ ibey la tfk ~zonk~ bed oe`xkdoket~ ekkdkd tl zxkzbxk

ibey ktfeon do~fk~% Nfoek~k Oedlek~obe Nxklgk Oedobe bed

Bikxonbe alld o~ bqbogbhgk bt xk~tb{xbet~ oe tfk nbzotbg%




Txbe~zlxtbtole

Il~t ^{xoebik~k oe tfk noty bed do~txont {~k z{hgon

txbe~zlxtbtole {~{bggy ~ibgg h{~k~ tfbt bnnliildbtk 2; tl 81

zklzgk% Tfk~k h{~k~ x{e le xk`{gbx xl{tk~ bed bxk xk`{gbtkd

hy tfk `lqkxeiket% Kbnf xl{tk fb~ b ebik lx e{ihkx bed

be k~tbhgo~fkd abxk &`kekxbggy 2 ^XD tl 8 ^XD/% Batkx ?

z%i% abxk~ oenxkb~k bed ~lik xl{tk~ bxk elt bqbogbhgk% Il~t

Qlg{etkkx~ xkgy le h{~k~% Tfkxk bxk bg~l ~kqkxbg xkz{tbhgk tbvo

nlizbeok~%

Xlbd~ tl tfk oetkxolx bxk doxt bed hb{votk bed xknkoqk gottgk

iboetkebenk% D{xoe` tfk xboey ~kb~le~ i{d flgk~ bed

kxl~ole bxk nliile% Oe tfk dxy ~kb~le~ xlbd~ hknlik d{~ty

pb~fhlbxd~% Txbqkg le x{xbg xlbd~ nbe hk xl{`f%

Il~t Qlg{etkkx~ ibck b zlxtole la tfk ml{xeky tl tfkox ~otk~ oe

ioeo)qbe~ lx ‗DBA tx{nc~%’ DBA tx{nc~ bxk k~~ketobggy ~kio)

txbogkx~ aoggkd potf lgd boxgoek ~kbt~ lx plldke hkenfk~% Tfk

xodk o~ xbxkgy nlialxtbhgk bed tfk tx{nc~ bxk tyzonbggy aoggkd

tl nbzbnoty potf zklzgk bed tfkox nbx`l% ^lik Qlg{etkkx~

i{~t tfke txbe~akx tl b d{`l{t nbelk axli tfk DBA tx{nc tl

xkbnf tfkox ~otk% Tfk bqkxb`k txbqkg toik axli tfk nbzotbg tl b

Qlg{etkkx‟~ ~otk o~ bhl{t al{x fl{x~% Alx ~lik txbqkg toik iby

hk tponk tfbt%

Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ bxk elt zkxiottkd tl lzkxbtk bey

iltlxo}kd qkfongk~ lx xodk le tfk hbnc la iltlxnyngk~ lx ilzkd~%

Zbxt la tfk Qlg{etkkx ~kttgoe`)oe bgglpbenk iby hk {~kd tl h{y

b glnbggy bzzxlzxobtk alxi la txbe~zlxtbtole ~{nf b~ b honyngk%

Goak qk~t~ bxk o~~{kd tl tfl~k {~oe` hlbt~ alx txbe~zlxtbtole%

Fkgikt~ i{~t hk plxe pfke xodoe` b honyngk3 b goak qk~t i{~t hk

plxe pfkekqkx txbqkgoe` le pbtkx%




@kl`xbzfy bed Ngoibtk

^{xoebik o~ oe tfk txlzon~ bed i{nf la tfk nl{etxy o~ nlqkxkd

oe xboealxk~t% ôtk~ glnbtkd oe tfk ~bqbeeb xkòle bxk dxokx h{t

~togg kvzkxokenk fo`f f{iodoty% Tfk bqkxb`k tkizkxbt{xk o~ ?:

dk`xkk~ Abfxkefkot potf 6: zkxnket f{iodoty% D{xoe` tfk dxy

~kb~le~ tkizkxbt{xk~ ngoih fo`fkx bed xboe iby elt abgg alx

{z tl tfxkk iletf~% Tfk xboey ~kb~le~ zxlqodk b hxoka xk~zotk

axli tfk fkbt bed hxoe` b glt la ilo~t{xk% Ngltfoe` o~ ~{hmknt

tl iogdkp oe tfk xboey ~kb~le~% Tfk nl{etxy‟~ xkd ngby ~log bed

i{d axli tfk xlbd~ pogg ~tboe ngltfk~%

^lnobg Bntoqotok~

K~tbhgo~foe` xkgbtole~foz~ potf ikihkx~ la yl{x nlii{eoty

o~ qotbg alx bgil~t kqkxy b~zknt la goak b~ b Qlg{etkkx% Elt

legy pogg yl{ akkg ilxk nleekntkd h{t tfk ilxk nlii{eoty

nletbnt yl{ fbqk tfk kb~okx ot pogg hk tl bnnk~~ oealxibtole

bed xk~l{xnk~ tl dkqkglz zxlmknt~% Hoxtfdby~ bed glnbg

flgodby~ bxk nkgkhxbtkd potf alld dbenoe` bed ~liktoik~

aoxkplxc~% Plxc zbxtok~ zxlqodk ~lnobg oetkxbntole b~ dlk~

oeqlgqkiket oe tfk dbogy bntoqotok~ la goak% Ike f{et bed ao~f

oe ~ibgg `xl{z~ bed plxc tl`ktfkx le tfkox abxi~% Plike

iby ~fbxk dbogy nflxk~ pb~f tl`ktfkx bt tfk xoqkx bed tked

`bxdke~%

Oe tfk nbzotbg Qlg{etkkx~ kemly xk~tb{xbet~ zbxtonozbtoe` oe

bxxbe`kd ; ci pbgc~ go~tkeoe` tl i{~on bed ~zkedoe` toik bt

tfk xoqkxaxlet bxkb% Eo`ftgoak o~ `kekxbggy ~bak oe `xl{z~%



Z K B N K N L X Z ^>:

Zxlak~~olebgo~i' Dxk~~' bed Hkfbqolx

Hkòeeoe` potf ~tbòe` oe Iobio Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik

pogg kvzknt yl{ tl xkzxk~ket yl{x~kga b~ b zxlak~~olebg

dkqkglziket plxckx% B~ b zxlak~~olebg yl{x bzzkbxbenk

o~ qkxy oizlxtbet m{~t b~ ot o~ alx zxlak~~olebg~ oe tfk [%^%

Ngkbegoek~~ ekbtek~~ &el xozzkd ngltfoe`/ bed zkx~lebg

fyòkek bxk fo`fgy qbg{kd hy ^{xoebik~k zklzgk% Pbgcoe`

~flxt~ elt hb~ckthbgg)tyzk ~flxt~ bed ~bedbg~ elt agoz)aglz~

iby hk bnnkztbhgk alx ~lik oe)nl{etxy txbqkgoe` ~ot{btole~

bed bt bzzxlzxobtk lnnb~ole~ d{xoe` tknfeonbg txboeoe`% Tbec

tlz~ alx ike bxk elt bzzxlzxobtk oe {xhbe bed ~kio){xhbe

~kttoe`~% Go`ft ~flxt)~gkkqk ~foxt~ alx ike bed hgl{~k~ alx

plike bxk hk~t alx Zxk)^kxqonk Txboeoe` h{t t)~foxt~ bxk bg~l

lcby oa tfky bxk ekbt bed oe ckkzoe` potf zxlak~~olebg bttoxk%

Oe `kekxbg zxlak~~olebg ngltfoe` oe tfk nbzotbg bed ilxk {xhbe

~otk~ o~ ilxk nle~kxqbtoqk tfbe oe tfk Oetkxolx% Ike dxk~~ oenb~{bg h{~oek~~ bttoxk= ~flxt lx gle`)~gkkqk nlggbxkd ~foxt~

txl{~kx~ bed ngl~kd)tlk ~flk~% Plike'~ bttoxk tked~ tl qbxy

ilxk h{t ~coxt~ lx ~gbnc~ potf b t)~foxt lx hgl{~k bed eonk

~bedbg~ lx ngl~kd)tlk ~flk~ bxk nliile% Plike xbxkgy pkbx

tfkox fbox gll~k ~l hxoe` ~lik fbox tok~ lx ngoz~% Qlg{etkkx~

pfl goqk oe b qoggb`k ~kttoe` {~{bggy algglp tfk elxi~ ~zknoaon

tl tfbt nlii{eoty= txbdotolebg `bxiket~ ~flxt~ ~bedbg~ bedt)~foxt~%

Tl iboetboe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~' zxlak~~olebg oib`k ike bxk

elt zkxiottkd tl pkbx kbxxoe`~ lx gle` fbox &el zleytbog~/

elx bxk Qlg{etkkx~ zkxiottkd tl pkbx el~k xoe`~ lx bzzbxket

zokxnoe`~ kqke tfl{`f ~lik la tfk~k ~tygk~ bxk al{ed oe

zbxt~ la ^{xoebik~k ~lnokty% Ibey ^{xoebik~k b~~lnobtk

tfk~k ~tygk~ potf ~zknoaon `xl{z~ lx bntoqotok~ &tl{xo~t~

nl{etkxn{gt{xk goak~tygk~ dx{` ketf{~ob~t~ ktn%/ tfbt bxk

elt nlizbtohgk potf tfk oib`k tfbt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pbet~



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >2

tl zxlmknt% Pk hkgokqk tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ kvzkxokenk o~ plxtf

ibcoe` tfk~k nfbe`k~ bed bdm{~tiket~% Lenk b Qlg{etkkx

fb~ ~{nnk~~a{ggy oetk`xbtkd oetl fo~,fkx nlii{eoty ot iby hkzl~~ohgk tl pkbx tfk~k ~tygk~ la mkpkgxy%

Tfk zklzgk la ^{xoebik bxk `kekxbggy axokedgy% @xkktoe`~ bxk

qkxy oizlxtbet% Fbed~fbck~ bxk bzzxlzxobtk alx hltf ike

bed plike% Oe ~lik ~kttoe`~ lek o~ kvzkntkd tl `xkkt kbnf

zkx~le bt tfk `btfkxoe`% Pfke ikktoe` ~liklek alx tfk aox~t

toik fbed~fbck~ bed ebik~ bxk kvnfbe`kd ~{xebik aox~t%

_l{ pogg xknkoqk ilxk oealxibtole le ^{xoebik~k n{gt{xbg

elxi~ d{xoe` txboeoe`%

Zkx~lebg ^bakty

Oealxibtole bhl{t tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ bzzxlbnf tl ~bakty o~

nletboekd oe tfk Fkbgtf Nbxk bed ^bakty nfbztkx% Tfk~k

o~~{k~ nbeelt hk lqkxkizfb~o}kd% B~ ~tbtkd oe tfk Qlg{etkkx

Fbedhllc hknlioe` b Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx ketbog~ nkxtboe

~bakty xo~c~% Goqoe` bed txbqkgoe` oe be {eabiogobx keqoxleiket

&latketoik~ bglek/ fbqoe` b goiotkd {edkx~tbedoe` la glnbg

gbe`{b`k bed n{gt{xk bed hkoe` zkxnkoqkd b~ xonf lx pkgg)

laa bxk ~lik la tfk abntlx~ tfbt nbe z{t b Qlg{etkkx bt xo~c%

Ibey Qlg{etkkx~ kvzkxokenk qbxyoe` dk`xkk~ la {epbetkd

bttketole bed fbxb~~iket% Zktty tfkat~ bed h{x`gbxok~ bxk

elt {enliile bed oenodket~ la zfy~onbg bed ~kv{bg b~~b{gt

dl lnn{x bgtfl{`f xbxkgy oe ^{xoebik% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

fb~ k~tbhgo~fkd zxlnkd{xk~ bed zlgonok~ dk~oèkd tl fkgz

Qlg{etkkx~ xkd{nk tfkox xo~c~ bed kefbenk tfkox ~bakty bed

~kn{xoty% Tfk~k zxlnkd{xk~ bed zlgonok~ oe bddotole tl ~bakty

txboeoe` pogg hk zxlqodkd lenk yl{ bxxoqk oe ^{xoebik% Bt tfk

~bik toik yl{ bxk kvzkntkd tl tbck zxoibxy xk~zle~ohogoty alx

yl{x lpe ~bakty bed pkgg)hkoe`%



Z K B N K N L X Z ^>8

Xkpbxd~ bed Ax{~txbtole~

Tfk gbnc la oeaxb~tx{nt{xk oe ^{xoebik b~ oe ibey dkqkglzoe`

nl{etxok~ nbe nb{~k ax{~txbtole potf txbqkg nlii{eonbtole~

bed Qlg{etkkx~‟ bhogoty tl fkgz tfkox nlii{eoty nlizgktk

tb~c~ r{oncgy% Tfk zbnk la goak oe ^{xoebik o~ ~glpkx tfbe pfbt

yl{ iby hk {~kd tl oe tfk [%^% Zklzgk dl elt algglp ~txont

toik~ alx ikktoe`~ lx `btfkxoe`~% A{entole~ iby hk nbenkgkd

hknb{~k la xboe lx ~lik ltfkx xkb~le% Oe Ibxlle nlii{eotok~

pfkxk zklzgk goqk ngl~k tl`ktfkx zxoqbny o~ elt b ~txle` qbg{k%

Zklzgk fkxk fbqk b doaakxket ~ke~k la zkx~lebg ~zbnk bed tfoec

eltfoe` la tl{nfoe` lx {~oe` pfbt yl{ iby nle~odkx yl{x

zkx~lebg hkgleòe`~% Oe Bikxoedobe qoggb`k~ yl{ iby fbqk

ilxk zkx~lebg ~zbnk bed zxoqbny h{t yl{ iby bg~l kvzkxokenk

akkgoe`~ la o~lgbtole% Fl{~k~ bxk abxtfkx bzbxt bed tfkxk o~

gk~~ kizfb~o~ le qo~otoe` dbogy potf ltfkx ikihkx~ la tfk

nlii{eoty% Ikihkx~ la hltf n{gt{xk~ bxk r{onc tl lh~kxqk

zfy~onbg nfbxbntkxo~ton~ bed nliiket le tfki% Qlg{etkkx~

~liktoik~ bxk tfk ~{hmknt la nliiket~ ~{nf b~ ‗_l{ `lt

abt"’ lx ‗_l{ fbqk b ho` h{tt"’ Oe il~t nb~k~ tfk~k nliiket~

bxk ikbet b~ b nlizgkiket" Lqkxbgg Bikxonbe~ bxk pkgg)

xknkoqkd h{t tfky bxk b{tlibtonbggy qokpkd b~ pkbgtfy% Ot o~

elt {enliile tl hk b~ckd alx lek‟~ zl~~k~~ole~% Bgg la tfk~k

tfoe`~ nbe tbck b zfy~onbg bed kiltolebg tlgg le Qlg{etkkx~%

Le tfk ltfkx fbed Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ gkbxe ilxk bhl{t

tfk glnbg n{gt{xk~ tfbe il~t ltfkx l{t~odkx~ dl% Tfky bg~l

gkbxe bhl{t tfki~kgqk~ bed tfkox lpe n{gt{xk% Hkoe` bnnkztkd

oetl b nlii{eoty bed n{gt{xk gkbxeoe` bhl{t doaakxkenk~

do~nlqkxoe` nliilebgotok~ bed ~fbxoe` yl{x celpgkd`k pfogk

yl{ gkbxe axli tfki ibck tfk ax{~txbtole~ plxtf ot%

Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~kxqonk laakx~ yl{ lzzlxt{eotok~ yl{ iby ekqkxaoed kg~kpfkxk% _l{ bxk gockgy tl gkbqk tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ b

~txle`kx zkx~le tfbe yl{ kqkx tfl{`ft yl{ nl{gd hk%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >>

E L T K





B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >;

ZKBNK NLXZ^ TXBOEOE@

Lqkxqokp la Zxk)^kxqonk Txboeoe`

Zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe` &Z^T/ nle~o~t~ la 22 pkkc~ la oetke~oqk oe)

nl{etxy txboeoe` oe aoqk ibmlx bxkb~= gbe`{b`k &oe D{tnf ^xbebe

Tle`l ^bxbibnnbe lx B{nbe/ nxl~~)n{gt{xbg bdbztbtole

tknfeonbg ~cogg~ fkbgtf ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty bed bdioeo~txbtole%

Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik {~k~ b nlii{eoty)hb~kd txboeoe` &NHT/

ildkg% Tfo~ ikbe~ tfbt il~t la yl{x gkbxeoe` pogg tbck zgbnk bt

tfk nlii{eoty gkqkg bed o~ kvzkxoketobggy hb~kd% Alx il~t la tfk

22 pkkc~ yl{ pogg ~tby potf b ^{xoebik~k fl~t abiogy—~fbxoe`

ikbg~ gbe`{b`k bed ltfkx kvzkxokenk~ pfonf zxlqodk be

oizlxtbet lzzlxt{eoty alx yl{ tl plxc le n{gt{xbg {edkx~tbedoe`

bed bdbztbtole% Bt toik~ yl{ pogg xkt{xe tl b nketxbg txboeoe` ~otk

tl ~fbxk kvzkxokenk~ potf ltfkx txboekk~ zbxtonozbtk oe ~k~~ole~

bed nllxdoebtk qbxol{~ txboeoe` bntoqotok~%

Fl~t abiogok~ bxk nbxka{ggy nfl~ke hy tfk txboeoe` ~tbaa hb~kd le

~{``k~tole~ axli n{xxket Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~% Tfk abiogok~

bxk nbxka{ggy ~nxkkekd hy tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ikdonbg laaonkx

&ZNIL/ bed tfk ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty nllxdoebtlx &^^N/% ^lik

la tfk abiogok~ goqk potfoe pbgcoe` do~tbenk la tfk txboeoe` ~otk3

ltfkx~ xkr{oxk tfk {~k la z{hgon txbe~zlxtbtole tl xkbnf tfk ~otk%Il~t flik~ fbqk kgkntxonoty bed x{eeoe` pbtkx &tbz zloet~/%

ôenk ~lik zklzgk oe tfk~k nlii{eotok~ ~gkkz oe fbiilnc~ ot

o~ zl~~ohgk yl{ iby ~gkkz oe lek% Z^T ~tbaa o~ bqbogbhgk tl ~{zzlxt

yl{ d{xoe` tfo~ flik~tby% ^tbaa ikihkx~ bxk bg~l oizlxtbet

xk~l{xnk~ tl fkgz yl{ zxlnk~~ yl{x kvzkxokenk~ oe n{gt{xbg

{edkx~tbedoe` bed oetk`xbtole%

Qlg{etkkx Nliiket=

‗Flik~tby o~ be oeqbg{bhgk toik potf b fl~t abiogy% _l{ bxk

akd nbxkd alx pbtnfkd bed r{k~tolekd potf b nletoe{oe`

n{xol~oty% L{x flik~tby abiogy `kekxl{~gy lzkekd tfkox




flik bed goqk~ tl {~ zxlqodoe` `{odbenk bed oe~o`ft oetl

^{xoebik n{gt{xk goak~tygk bed hkfbqolx% Txy tl ~zkbc tfk

gbe`{b`k potf yl{x fl~t abiogy tfkox axoked~ bed eko`fhlx~b~ latke b~ zl~~ohgk% Tfo~ pogg hk yl{x hk~t lzzlxt{eoty alx b

m{iz ~tbxt potf tfk gbe`{b`k% ^{xoebik o~ b {eor{k nl{etxy

potf ~kqkxbg ab~noebtoe` ktfeon `xl{z~ bed flik~tby o~

b tkxxoaon pby tl gkbxe bhl{t b nkxtboe `xl{z% Oa yl{'xk

bhgk tl bttked b abiogy pkddoe` hbzto~i hoxtfdby zbxty

lx a{ekxbg `l alx ot" Pk tl{xkd l{x abiogy'~ abxi bed

tfkox `xbednfogdxke latke qo~otkd% Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~{zzlxt~flik~tby fl~t~ aoebenobggy ~l yl{ dle't ekkd tl akkg b~

tfl{`f yl{ bxk {~oe` tfkox alld lx a{kg% Pk dode't hxoe`

òat~ pfke pk bxxoqkd hknb{~k pk dode't celp l{x abiogy%

H{t pk bgg `bqk tfbec yl{ òat~ bt tfk ked la l{x ~tby

hknb{~k pk pkxk kvtxkikgy `xbtka{g alx tfkox zbtokenk bed

fl~zotbgoty%’

Txboekk~ bxk doqodkd oetl tpl lx tfxkk `xl{z~ lx nlii{eotok~

bt b nlii{eoty)hb~kd txboeoe` ~otk% Tfk ~otk zgbnkiket o~ hb~kd

le tfk gbe`{b`k yl{ pogg ekkd d{xoe` yl{x b~~oèiket% Tfk

gbe`{b`k bed tknfeonbg txboekx~ b~~oèkd tl kbnf txboeoe` ~otk

nled{nt alxibg ngb~~k~ bed ~{zzlxt yl{ oe nlizgktoe` ~kga)

doxkntkd nlii{eoty)hb~kd zxlmknt~ bed bntoqotok~% Bgtfl{`f

yl{ pogg ~zked i{nf la yl{x toik oe gbe`{b`k ngb~~k~ yl{

pogg bg~l fbqk ngb~~k~ le nxl~~)n{gt{xbg tknfeonbg nlii{eotydkqkglziket bed fkbgtf bed ~bakty tlzon~% B~~oèiket~ bed

zxlmknt~ oe tfk nlii{eoty pogg zxlqodk txboekk~ potf kvzkxoketobg

gkbxeoe` hb~kd le tfk nletket la tfk ngb~~k~%

Oe bddotole tl nlii{eoty)hb~kd bntoqotok~ yl{ pogg mloe yl{x

a{gg txboeoe` `xl{z bt b nketxbg glnbtole alx nkxtboe `kekxbg

~k~~ole~ ~{nf b~ ikdonbg ~bakty bed bdioeo~txbtole% Tfk~k~k~~ole~ bg~l òqk yl{ toik tl xknleeknt potf yl{x `xl{z bed

~fbxk kvzkxokenk~% Tlpbxd tfk ked la Z^T yl{ pogg bg~l fbqk

tfk lzzlxt{eoty tl ikkt potf yl{x nl{etkxzbxt lx nlii{eoty



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >0

zbxtekx bt b tpl)dby nleakxkenk% Tl`ktfkx yl{ pogg do~n{~~

tfk xkgbtole~foz hktpkke tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx bed tfk

nlii{eoty tfk kvzkntbtole~ la tfk fl~t b`kenylx nlii{eotybed tfk ~cogg~ bed kvzkxokenk~ yl{ hxoe` tl tfk b~~oèiket%

_l{ pogg bg~l dkqkglz b plxc zgbe tl `{odk yl{x aox~t tfxkk

iletf~ bt ~otk%

Beltfkx oizlxtbet b~zknt la zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe` o~ b~~k~~iket

b zxlnk~~ tfbt nletoe{k~ tfxl{`fl{t Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~kxqonk%

D{xoe` txboeoe` yl{ pogg kqbg{btk yl{x~kga bed hk b~~k~~kd

hy txboeoe` ~tbaa% Tfk `lbg la b~~k~~iket o~ tl zxlqodk ~zknoaon

akkdhbnc nlenkxeoe` yl{x zxl`xk~~ oe xkgbtole tl tfk zxk)~kxqonk

txboeoe` nlizktkenok~ alx kaakntoqk Qlg{etkkx ~kxqonk% Abog{xk tl

ikkt tfk nlizktkenok~ nl{gd zxkqket b Txboekk axli hknlioe`

b Qlg{etkkx%

Txboekk~‟ zkxalxibenk o~ kqbg{btkd oe bgg aoqk ibmlx bxkb~

la zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe`% Oe bddotole tl ikktoe` tfk xkr{oxkdnlizktkenok~ yl{ i{~t dkile~txbtk zkx~lebg hkfbqolx~ tfbt

zl~otoqkgy xkagknt bed ~{zzlxt tfk `lbg~ bed oib`k la tfk Zkbnk

Nlxz~ oe ^{xoebik% B~ zbxt la tfk b~~k~~iket zxlnk~~ yl{ pogg

bg~l nlizgktk b ~kga)kqbg{btole le zkx~lebg bttxoh{tk~ ~{nf

b~ tbcoe` oeotobtoqk iltoqbtole n{gt{xbg bed ~lnobg ~ke~otoqoty

xk~zle~ohogoty agkvohogoty bed kiltolebg ibt{xoty% Tfo~ zxlnk~~

kenl{xb`k~ yl{ tl xkagknt le yl{x lxoòebg iltoqbtole alx mloeoe`tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ bed le yl{x n{xxket gkqkg la nliiotiket ~l

tfbt hy tfk toik yl{ bxk oeqotkd tl ~pkbx)oe b~ b Qlg{etkkx yl{

bxk ibcoe` be oealxikd ~kxol{~ dkno~ole tfbt pogg ~{~tboe yl{

tfxl{`f tpl ykbx~ la ~kxqonk%

Tknfeonbg Txboeoe`

Tknfeonbg txboeoe` zxkzbxk~ yl{ tl plxc oe ^{xoebik hy

h{ogdoe` le tfk ~cogg~ yl{ fbqk bed hy fkgzoe` yl{ dkqkglz

ekp ~cogg~ ekkdkd tl hk be kaakntoqk dkqkglziket plxckx%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa ^{xoebik~k ebtolebg~ bed ltfkx




Qlg{etkkx~ pogg nled{nt tfk txboeoe` zxl`xbi% Txboeoe` zgbnk~

`xkbt kizfb~o~ le gkbxeoe` flp tl txbe~akx tfk ~cogg~ yl{ fbqk

tl tfk nlii{eoty oe pfonf yl{ pogg ~kxqk b~ b Qlg{etkkx%

Tknfeonbg txboeoe` oeng{dk~ ~k~~ole~ le tfk knlelion bed

zlgotonbg keqoxleiket oe ^{xoebik bed ~txbtkòk~ alx plxcoe`

potfoe ~{nf b axbikplxc% _l{ pogg xkqokp yl{x tknfeonbg

~kntlx‟~ `lbg~ bed pogg ikkt potf tfk ^{xoebik~k b`kenok~ bed

lx`beo}btole~ tfbt oeqotkd tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ tl b~~o~t tfki%

Gbe`{b`k Txboeoe` B~ b Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx yl{ pogg aoed tfbt gbe`{b`k ~cogg~

bxk tfk cky tl zkx~lebg bed zxlak~~olebg ~bto~abntole d{xoe`

yl{x ~kxqonk% Tfk~k ~cogg~ bxk nxotonbg tl yl{x mlh zkxalxibenk%

Tfky fkgz yl{ oetk`xbtk oetl yl{x fl~t nlii{eoty bed tfky

nbe kb~k yl{x zkx~lebg bdbztbtole tl tfk ekp ~{xxl{edoe`~%

Tfkxkalxk gbe`{b`k txboeoe` o~ tfk fkbxt la tfk txboeoe`

zxl`xbi% _l{ i{~t ikkt ioeoi{i gbe`{b`k ~tbedbxd~ tlnlizgktk txboeoe` bed hknlik b Qlg{etkkx% Kvzkxokenkd

^{xoebik~k gbe`{b`k oe~tx{ntlx~ tkbnf alxibg gbe`{b`k

ngb~~k~ aoqk tl ~ov dby~ b pkkc oe ~ibgg `xl{z~%%

Bddotolebg fkgz bed t{tlxoe` o~ zxlqodkd tl txboekk~ pfl ekkd

ilxk ~{zzlxt oe gkbxoe` tfk gbe`{b`k%

Oe bddotole tl ngb~~xlli toik yl{ pogg hk òqke b~~oèiket~

tl plxc le l{t~odk la tfk ngb~~xlli bed potf yl{x fl~t abiogy%

Tfk `lbg o~ alx yl{ tl b bnr{oxk b hb~on al{edbtole ~l tfbt yl{

nbe nletoe{k tl dkqkglz gbe`{b`k ~cogg~ lenk yl{ bxk bt yl{x

~otk% Zxolx tl hkoe` ~plxe)oe b~ b Qlg{etkkx yl{ pogg plxc le

~txbtkòk~ alx le`loe` gbe`{b`k gkbxeoe` d{xoe` yl{x ~kxqonk%

Nxl~~)N{gt{xbg Txboeoe` D{xoe` il~t la yl{x txboeoe` yl{ pogg goqk potf b ^{xoebik~k

fl~t abiogy% Tfo~ kvzkxokenk o~ dk~oèkd tl kb~k yl{x

txbe~otole tl goak bt yl{x ~otk% Fl~t abiogok~ `l tfxl{`f be



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K >?

lxoketbtole nled{ntkd hy Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa tl kvzgboe Zkbnk

Nlxz~‟ io~~ole bed `lbg~ tfkox xlgk oe yl{x txboeoe` bed flp

tfky nbe ~{zzlxt yl{ oe bdbztoe` tl goak oe ^{xoebik% Tfo~kvzkxokenk o~ b xonf xkpbxdoe` gkbxeoe` lzzlxt{eoty% Ibey

Qlg{etkkx~ alxi ~txle` bed gb~toe` axoked~foz~ potf tfkox fl~t

abiogok~%

Nxl~~)n{gt{xbg bed nlii{eoty dkqkglziket txboeoe` pogg fkgz

yl{ oizxlqk yl{x nlii{eonbtole ~cogg~ bed {edkx~tbed yl{x

xlgk b~ b abnogotbtlx la dkqkglziket% _l{ pogg gkbxe nlii{eoty

dkqkglziket tllg~ bed tknfeor{k~ zxlmknt zgbeeoe` ileotlxoe`

bed xkzlxtoe` nleagont xk~lg{tole `kedkx bed dkqkglziket bed

^{xoebik zlgotonbg ~tx{nt{xk~%

Fkbgtf bed Pkggek~~ Txboeoe`

D{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe` yl{ pogg hk òqke hb~on ikdonbg

txboeoe` bed oealxibtole% _l{ pogg hk kvzkntkd tl zxbntonk

zxkqketoqk fkbgtfnbxk bed tl tbck xk~zle~ohogoty alx yl{xlpe fkbgtf hy bdfkxoe` tl bgg ikdonbg zlgonok~% Txboekk~ bxk

xkr{oxkd tl bttked bgg ikdonbg ~k~~ole~% Tfk tlzon~ oeng{dk

zxkqketoqk fkbgtf ikb~{xk~ bed ioelx bed ibmlx ikdonbg

o~~{k~ tfbt yl{ io`ft kenl{etkx pfogk oe ^{xoebik% E{txotole

iketbg fkbgtf ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty ~kttoe` {z b ~bak goqoe`

nlizl{ed bed flp tl bqlod nletxbntoe` FOQ,BOD^ bed ltfkx

~kv{bggy txbe~iottkd oeakntole~ &^TO~/ bxk bg~l nlqkxkd%

^bakty bed ^kn{xoty Txboeoe`

D{xoe` tfk ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty txboeoe` ~k~~ole~ yl{ pogg gkbxe

flp tl bdlzt b goak~tygk tfbt xkd{nk~ yl{x xo~c~ bt flik bt

plxc bed d{xoe` yl{x txbqkg~% _l{ pogg bg~l gkbxe bzzxlzxobtk

kaakntoqk ~txbtkòk~ alx nlzoe` potf {epbetkd bttketole bed

bhl{t yl{x oedoqod{bg xk~zle~ohogoty alx zxliltoe` ~baktytfxl{`fl{t yl{x ~kxqonk%




Bddotolebg Txboeoe`~ D{xoe` Qlg{etkkx ^kxqonk

Zkbnk Nlxz~ o~ nliiottkd tl le`loe` r{bgoty txboeoe` tfxl{`fl{t

Qlg{etkkx ~kxqonk% Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ oizgkiketkd b txboeoe`

~y~tki tfbt zxlqodk~ Qlg{etkkx~ potf nletoe{bg lzzlxt{eotok~

tl kvbioek tfkox nliiotiket tl Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~kxqonk pfogk

oenxkb~oe` tfkox tknfeonbg bed nxl~~)n{gt{xbg ~cogg~% D{xoe` yl{x

~kxqonk tfkxk bxk {~{bggy tfxkk txboeoe` kqket~% Tfk totgk~ bed

lhmkntoqk~ alx tfl~k txboeoe`~ bxk b~ algglp~=

• Xknleeknt bed Zxlmknt Dk~oè bed Ibeb`kiket

Oe)~kxqonk Txboeoe`= Zxlqodk~ be lzzlxt{eoty alx

Qlg{etkkx~ tl {z`xbdk tfkox tknfeonbg gbe`{b`k

bed zxlmknt dkqkglziket ~cogg~ pfogk ~fbxoe` tfkox

kvzkxokenk~ bed xkbaaoxioe` tfkox nliiotiket batkx

fbqoe` ~kxqkd alx tfxkk tl al{x iletf~% Tfk aln{~ la

tfk txboeoe` o~ tl ~txke`tfke tfk tllg~ yl{ ekkd tl

oizgkiket zxlmknt~ potfoe yl{x nlii{eoty%

• Iod)^kxqonk Txboeoe`= Zxlqodk~ be lzzlxt{eoty alx Qlg{etkkx~ tl xkqokp tfk ~{nnk~~k~ bed nfbggke`k~ la

tfk Qlg{etkkx‟~ ~kxqonk tl ~fbxk odkb~ tl xkqokp tfk

zxlmknt bed `kt akkdhbnc bed tl zxlqodk bddotolebg ~cogg~

bed ~{zzlxt b~ eknk~~bxy% Tfo~ plxc~flz o~ {~{bggy fkgd

batkx lek ykbx la ~kxqonk%

• Ngl~k)la)^kxqonk Nleakxkenk= Zxkzbxk~ Qlg{etkkx~ alx

tfkox xk)ketxy oetl Bikxonbe n{gt{xk ~nfllg bed tfk

mlh ibxckt% Qlg{etkkx~ bxk bg~l kenl{xb`kd tl odketoay

pby~ tfky nbe ~{zzlxt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ tfoxd `lbg la

tbcoe` tfkox kvzkxokenk hbnc flik% Qlg{etkkx~ bg~l zgbe

flp tfky pogg ibck tfk txbe~otole l{t la tfkox zxlmknt

bed tfkox nlii{eotok~% Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa {~k~ tfk

nleakxkenk tl lhtboe akkdhbnc le tfk zxlmknt txboeoe`

bed o~~{k~ ~{nf b~ Qlg{etkkx ~{zzlxt%




Tfk e{ihkx gke`tf bed dk~oè la tfk~k txboeoe`~ bxk bdbztkd tl

^{xoebik)~zknoaon ekkd~ bed nledotole~% Tfk cky tl tfk txboeoe`

~y~tki o~ tfbt txboeoe` kqket~ bxk oetk`xbtkd bed oetkxxkgbtkdaxli tfk zxk)dkzbxt{xk lxoketbtole bt ~tbòe` tfxl{`f tfk ked

la yl{x ~kxqonk bed bxk zgbeekd oizgkiketkd bed kqbg{btkd

nllzkxbtoqkgy hy Zkbnk Nlxz~ fkbdr{bxtkx~ glnbg Zkbnk Nlxz~

~tbaa bed txboekx~ bed Qlg{etkkx~%






_L[X FKBGTF NBXK BED

^BAKT_ OE ^[XOEBIKTfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ fo`fk~t zxolxoty o~ iboetboeoe` tfk `lld

fkbgtf bed ~bakty la kqkxy Qlg{etkkx% Zkbnk Nlxz~ ikdonbg

zxl`xbi~ kizfb~o}k tfk zxkqketoqk xbtfkx tfbe tfk n{xbtoqk

bzzxlbnf tl do~kb~k% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ oe ^{xoebik iboetboe~

b ngoeon potf b a{gg)toik ikdonbg laaonkx bed b ikdonbg b~~o~tbetpfl ~{zzlxt Qlg{etkkx~‟ zxoibxy fkbgtfnbxk ekkd~% Bddotolebg

ikdonbg ~kxqonk~ ~{nf b~ tk~toe` bed hb~on txkbtiket bxk

bqbogbhgk bt glnbg fl~zotbg~ tfbt ikkt Bikxonbe ~tbedbxd~% Oa

yl{ hknlik ~kxol{~gy ogg yl{ pogg hk txbe~zlxtkd kotfkx tl

Zbebib lx tl tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~%

Fkbgtf O~~{k~ oe ^{xoebik

^{xoebik fb~ b txlzonbg ngoibtk pfonf ilxk tfbe gockgy

o~ qb~tgy doaakxket axli tfk ngoibtk pfkxk yl{ goqk% ^coe

oeakntole~ alx kvbizgk bxk nliile bed kb~ogy plx~ke oe

^{xoebik‟~ ngoibtk% Hknb{~k la tfo~ yl{ i{~t pb~f yl{x

fbed~ bed akkt latke% Dkxibtoto~ ~coe bh~nk~~k~ a{e`{~

oeakntole~ dobxxfkb &la ibey tyzk~ bed la qbxyoe` ~kqkxoty/nliile nlgd~ hxlenfoto~ ~lxk tfxlbt~ bed kbxbnfk~ bxk

nliile ikdonbg zxlhgki~ bile` Qlg{etkkx~ oe ^{xoebik%

Il~t Qlg{etkkx oggek~~k~ nbe hk txkbtkd oe)nl{etxy%

Oa yl{x ~otk o~ oe tfk oetkxolx la ^{xoebik b ibgbxob)kedkion

bxkb yl{ pogg tbck ikaglr{oek b~ b ibgbxob zxlzfygbvo~%

Ikaglr{oek fb~ hkke ~flpe tl hk tfk il~t kaakntoqk bed

zxbntonbg dx{` alx zxkqketoe` ibgbxob oe bxkb~ potf ~oèoaonbet

nfglxlr{oek xk~o~tbenk h{t ot o~ elt allgzxlla% Tfkxkalxk

yl{ pogg ekkd tl {~k zxltkntoqk ngltfoe` oe~knt xkzkggket

bed b il~r{otl ekt &zxlqodkd hy Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik/




b~ pkgg% Alx Qlg{etkkx~ pfl bxk elt bhgk tl {~k ikaglr{oek

dlvynyngoek o~ xknliikedkd% Bgtfl{`f Ibgbxlek fb~ hkke

bzzxlqkd hy tfk [%^% Alld bed Dx{` Bdioeo~txbtole alx{~k b~ b ibgbxob zxlzfygbvo~ ot o~ xknliikedkd legy alx

Qlg{etkkx~ pfl fbqk b nletxboedonbtole alx lx oetlgkxbenk tl

hltf ikaglr{oek bed dlvynyngoek% Qlg{etkkx~ i{~t nletoe{k

zxlzfygbvo~ ikdonbtole alx tfk d{xbtole la tfkox ~tby oe b ibgbxobg

bxkb% Abog{xk tl dl ~l iby xk~{gt oe bdioeo~txbtoqk ~kzbxbtole axli

tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~%

Bnnodket~ b~~lnobtkd potf txbe~zlxtbtole bxk b ~kxol{~ nlenkxe

oe ^{xoebik% _l{ i{~t pkbx b fkgikt pfke xodoe` b honyngk bed

yl{ ~fl{gd pkbx b ~kbt hkgt pfke xodoe` oe iltlx qkfongk~ tfbt

fbqk tfki% _l{ bxk elt bgglpkd tl dxoqk b iltlxo}kd qkfongk

bed bxk elt bgglpkd tl dxoqk lx xodk le tfk hbnc la b iltlxnyngk

{edkx bey noxn{i~tbenk% _l{ i{~t bgpby~ pkbx b goak mbnckt

&zxlqodkd hy tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~/ le hlbt txoz~%

Kbtoe` b hbgbenkd dokt bed dxoecoe` b glt la ag{od~ `l b

gle` pby oe iboetboeoe` yl{x fkbgtf% Tfo~ tbck~ zgbeeoe`

bed nxkbtoqoty% Qlg{etkkx~ oe ~ibgg qoggb`k~ latke dkbg potf

dkfydxbtole pfonf ibck~ bey ltfkx fkbgtf zxlhgki~ plx~k%

Dketo~t~ bxk bqbogbhgk legy oe Zbxbibxohl pfonf iby hk abx

axli yl{x ~otk% _l{ pogg ekkd tl tbck `xkbt nbxk oe zxltkntoe`

yl{x tkktf hy hx{~foe` bed agl~~oe` dbogy% Bed xkikihkx tl

pbtnf alx ~tlek~ oe xonk"

Fkgzoe` _l{ ^tby Fkbgtfy

Zkbnk Nlxz~ zxlqodk~ yl{ potf bgg tfk eknk~~bxy oeln{gbtole~

ikdonbtole~ bed oealxibtole tl ~tby fkbgtfy% [zle yl{x

bxxoqbg oe ^{xoebik yl{ pogg xknkoqk b ikdonbg fbedhllc% Bt

tfk ked la txboeoe` yl{ pogg xknkoqk b ikdonbg cot potf ~{zzgok~

tl tbck nbxk la iogd oggek~~k~ bed aox~t)bod ekkd~% Tfk nletket~

la tfk cot bxk go~tkd gbtkx oe tfo~ nfbztkx%




D{xoe` Z^T yl{ fbqk bnnk~~ tl hb~on ikdonbg ~{zzgok~

tfxl{`f tfk ikdonbg laaonkx% Flpkqkx yl{ pogg hk xk~zle~ohgk

alx yl{x lpe ~{zzgy la zxk~nxoztole dx{`~ bed bey ltfkx~zknoaon ikdonbg ~{zzgok~ yl{ xkr{oxk b~ tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pogg

elt lxdkx tfk~k otki~ d{xoe` txboeoe`% Zgkb~k hxoe` b tfxkk)

iletf ~{zzgy la bey zxk~nxoztole dx{`~ yl{ {~k ~oenk tfky

iby elt hk bqbogbhgk fkxk bed ot iby tbck ~kqkxbg iletf~ alx

~foziket~ tl bxxoqk% _l{ io`ft pbet tl nle~odkx ~potnfoe`

axli ebik hxbed tl `kekxon dx{`~ hkalxk yl{ bxxoqk b~ tfk

Zkbnk Nlxz~ ikdonbg laaonkx iby elt hk bhgk tl z{xnfb~knkxtboe ebik)hxbed zxk~nxoztole~% Hk bdqo~kd tfbt tfk ikdonbg

laaonk dlk~ elt nbxxy kqkxy tyzk la hoxtf nletxlg zogg%

_l{ pogg fbqk zfy~onbg~ bt iod)~kxqonk bed bt tfk ked la yl{x

~kxqonk% Oa yl{ dkqkglz b ~kxol{~ ikdonbg zxlhgki d{xoe`

yl{x ~kxqonk tfk ikdonbg laaonkx oe ^{xoebik pogg nle~{gt

potf tfk Laaonk la Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~ oe Pb~foe`tle D%N% Oa

ot o~ dktkxioekd tfbt yl{x nledotole nbeelt hk nbxkd alx oe

^{xoebik yl{ iby hk ~ket l{t la tfk nl{etxy alx a{xtfkx

kqbg{btole bed nbxk%

Iboetboeoe` _l{x Fkbgtf

B~ b Qlg{etkkx yl{ i{~t bnnkzt b nkxtboe bil{et la

xk~zle~ohogoty alx yl{x lpe fkbgtf% Zxlzkx zxknb{tole~

~oèoaonbetgy xkd{nk yl{x xo~c la ~kxol{~ oggek~~ lx oem{xy%

Tfk bdb`k ‗Be l{enk la zxkqketole o~ plxtf b zl{ed la n{xk’

hknlik~ kvtxkikgy oizlxtbet oe bxkb~ pfkxk dobèl~ton

bed txkbtiket abnogotok~ bxk elt {z tl tfk ~tbedbxd~ la tfk

[eotkd ^tbtk~% Tfk il~t oizlxtbet la yl{x xk~zle~ohogotok~ oe

^{xoebik o~ tl tbck tfk algglpoe` zxkqketoqk ikb~{xk~=

Alld bed Pbtkx Zxknb{tole~% Ibey oggek~~k~ tfbt baagont

Qlg{etkkx~ plxgdpodk bxk ketoxkgy zxkqketbhgk oa zxlzkx alld

bed pbtkx zxknb{tole~ bxk tbcke% Tfk~k do~kb~k~ oeng{dk

alld zlo~leoe` zbxb~oton oeakntole~ fkzbtoto~ B dy~ketkxy




tbzkplxi~ bed tyzflod akqkx% Pfogk pbtkx oe ^{xoebik‟~

nbzotbg o~ ~bak tl dxoec yl{ pogg zxlhbhgy fbqk tl txkbt yl{x

dxoecoe` pbtkx bt yl{x ~otk {~oe` b aogtkx hy hlogoe` ot lx hybddoe` oldoek lx nfglxoek hgkbnf% Oe bddotole ot o~ bdqo~bhgk tl

zgby ot ~bak hy elt kbtoe` ~txkkt alld~ pfke yl{ aox~t bxxoqk

tl òqk yl{x~kga toik( tl bdm{~t( tl tfk glnbg hbntkxob% _l{x

ikdonbg laaonkx pogg do~n{~~ ~zknoaon ~tbedbxd~ alx pbtkx bed

alld zxkzbxbtole oe ^{xoebik d{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe`%

^kv{bggy Txbe~iottkd Oeakntole~ bed FOQ,BOD^% Bh~toekenk

o~ tfk legy nkxtboe nflonk alx zxkqketole la FOQ,BOD^ bed

ltfkx ^TO~% _l{ bxk tbcoe` xo~c~ oa yl{ nfll~k tl hk ~kv{bggy

bntoqk% Tl gk~~ke xo~c {~k b nledli kqkxy toik yl{ fbqk

~kv% Pfktfkx yl{x zbxtekx o~ b fl~t nl{etxy noto}ke b akgglp

Qlg{etkkx lx beylek kg~k dl elt b~~{ik tfo~ zkx~le o~ axkk

la FOQ lx ltfkx ^TO~% _l{ pogg xknkoqk ilxk oealxibtole axli

yl{x ikdonbg laaonkx bhl{t tfo~ oizlxtbet o~~{k%

Hoxtf Nletxlg% Qlg{etkkx~ bxk kvzkntkd tl bdfkxk tl be

kaakntoqk ikbe~ la hoxtf nletxlg tl zxkqket be {ezgbeekd

zxkèbeny% _l{x ikdonbg laaonkx nbe fkgz yl{ dknodk le

tfk il~t bzzxlzxobtk iktfld tl ~{ot yl{x oedoqod{bg ekkd~%

Nletxbnkztoqk iktfld~ bxk bqbogbhgk potfl{t nfbx`k axli tfk

ikdonbg laaonkx%

Zxlizt Xkzlxtoe`% Aoebggy ot o~ nxotonbg tl yl{x fkbgtf tfbt

yl{ zxliztgy xkzlxt tl tfk ikdonbg laaonk lx ltfkx dk~oèbtkd

abnogoty alx ~nfkd{gkd oii{eo}btole~ bed tfbt yl{ gkt tfk

ikdonbg laaonkx celp oiikdobtkgy la ~oèoaonbet oggek~~k~ lx

oem{xok~%

Plike‟~ Fkbgtf Oealxibtole

Zxkèbeny o~ txkbtkd oe tfk ~bik ibeekx b~ ltfkx Qlg{etkkx

fkbgtf nledotole~ tfbt xkr{oxk ikdonbg bttketole h{t bg~l fbqk

zxl`xbiibton xbioaonbtole~% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ o~ xk~zle~ohgk




alx dktkxioeoe` tfk ikdonbg xo~c bed tfk bqbogbhogoty la

bzzxlzxobtk ikdonbg nbxk oa tfk Qlg{etkkx hknlik~ zxkèbet

bed xkiboe~ oe)nl{etxy% @oqke tfk noxn{i~tbenk~ {edkx pfonf Qlg{etkkx~ goqk bed plxc oe Zkbnk Nlxz~ nl{etxok~ ot o~ xbxk

tfbt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ ikdonbg bed zxl`xbiibton ~tbedbxd~ alx

nletoe{kd ~kxqonk d{xoe` zxkèbeny nbe hk ikt%

_l{x Zkbnk Nlxz~ Ikdonbg Cot

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ikdonbg laaonkx zxlqodk~ Qlg{etkkx~ potf bikdonbg cot tfbt nletboe~ hb~on otki~ eknk~~bxy tl zxkqket bed

txkbt oggek~~k~ tfbt iby lnn{x d{xoe` ~kxqonk% Cot otki~ nbe hk

zkxoldonbggy xk~tlnckd bt tfk ikdonbg laaonk%

Ikdonbg Cot Nletket~

Bnk hbedb`k~

Bdfk~oqk tbzk

Bikxonbe Xkd Nxl~~ Aox~t Bod ! ^bakty Fbedhllc

Betbnod tbhgkt~

Betoholton loetiket &Hbnotxbnoe,Ekliynoe,Zlgyiynoe H/

Beto~kzton betoionxlhobg ~coe ngkbekx &Fohongke~/

Br{btbh~ &alx pbtkx z{xoaonbtole/

[e)B~zoxoe Bnktbioelzfke ;:: i`

Hbed)Bod~

Hkebdxyg

H{ttkxagy ngl~{xk~

Ngltxoib}lgk nxkbi 2+ &betoa{e`bg nxkbi/

Nledli~

Dknle`k~tbet &eb~bg bed ~oe{~3 ^{dbeyg3 ele)dxlp~y ~{`bx

axkk/

Dketbg agl~~

Dozfkefydxbioek FNG 8; i` &Hkebdxyg/

@glqk~ &tpl) zbox~/

Oh{zxlake 8::i`

Oe~knt xkzkggket ~tonc




Goz hbgi &Nfbz~tonc/

Ibvoi{i ~txke`tf fydxlnlxto~lek beto)otnf nxkbi &2+/

Kgkntxlgytk~ alx lxbg xkfydxbtoleTkizb Dlt &ôe`gk){~k Ngoeonbg Tfkxiltkx/

Iketflg k{nbgyzt{~ &alx nl{`f~/

^no~~lx~

^kzb~lltfk tfxlbt gl}ke`k~

^tkxogk `b{}k zbd~

^tkxogk kyk pb~f

^{e~nxkke gltole &^ZA >:#/Tpkk}kx~

Pfo~tgk

Hkalxk _l{ Gkbqk= B Ikdonbg Nfkncgo~t

Oa tfkxk fb~ hkke bey nfbe`k oe yl{x fkbgtf—zfy~onbg iketbg

lx dketbg—~oenk yl{ ~{hiottkd yl{x kvbioebtole xkzlxt~ tltfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ yl{ i{~t oiikdobtkgy eltoay tfk Laaonk la

Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~% Abog{xk tl do~ngl~k ekp oggek~~k~ oem{xok~

bggkxòk~ lx zxkèbeny nbe kedbe`kx yl{x fkbgtf bed iby

mklzbxdo}k yl{x kgoòhogoty tl ~kxqk%

Oa yl{x dketbg kvbi pb~ dlek ilxk tfbe b ykbx b`l lx oa yl{x

zfy~onbg kvbi o~ ilxk tfbe tpl ykbx~ lgd nletbnt tfk Laaonk

la Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~ tl aoed l{t pfktfkx yl{ ekkd tl {zdbtk

yl{x xknlxd~% Oa yl{x dketo~t lx Zkbnk Nlxz~ dketbg nle~{gtbet

fb~ xknliikedkd tfbt yl{ {edkx`l dketbg txkbtiket lx

xkzbox yl{ i{~t nlizgktk tfbt plxc bed ibck ~{xk yl{x

dketo~t ~ked~ xkr{k~tkd nleaoxibtole xkzlxt~ lx V)xby~ tl tfk

Laaonk la Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~%

Oa yl{ po~f tl bqlod fbqoe` d{zgonbtk qbnnoebtole~nletbnt yl{x zfy~onobe‟~ laaonk tl lhtboe b nlzy la yl{x

oii{eo}btole xknlxd bed hxoe` ot tl ^{xoebik% Oa yl{ fbqk

bey oii{eo}btole~ zxolx tl Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~kxqonk tfk Zkbnk




Nlxz~ nbeelt xkoih{x~k yl{ alx tfk nl~t% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

pogg zxlqodk bgg tfk oii{eo}btole~ eknk~~bxy alx yl{x lqkx~kb~

b~~oèiket ~flxtgy batkx yl{ bxxoqk oe ^{xoebik% _l{ dl eltekkd tl hkòe tbcoe` ibgbxob ikdonbtole zxolx tl dkzbxt{xk%

Hxoe` b tfxkk)iletf ~{zzgy la bey zxk~nxoztole lx lqkx)tfk)

nl{etkx ikdonbtole yl{ {~k le b xk`{gbx hb~o~ oeng{doe` hoxtf

nletxlg zogg~% Bgtfl{`f tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ nbeelt xkoih{x~k yl{

alx tfo~ tfxkk)iletf ~{zzgy ot pogg lxdkx xkaogg~ d{xoe` yl{x

~kxqonk% Pfogk bpbotoe` ~foziket—pfonf nbe tbck ~kqkxbg

iletf~—yl{ pogg hk dkzkedket le yl{x lpe ikdonbtole

~{zzgy% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pogg elt zby alx fkxhbg lx ele)

zxk~nxohkd ikdonbtole~ ~{nf b~ ^t% Mlfe‟~ plxt `g{nl~bioek

~kgkeo{i lx betolvodbet ~{zzgkiket~%

_l{ bxk kenl{xb`kd tl hxoe` nlzok~ la ikdonbg zxk~nxoztole~

~oèkd hy yl{x zfy~onobe% Tfo~ o~ elt b xkr{oxkiket h{t tfky

bxk fkgza{g oa yl{ bxk r{k~tolekd oe txbe~ot bhl{t nbxxyoe` btfxkk)iletf ~{zzgy la zxk~nxoztole dx{`~%

Oa yl{ pkbx kyk`gb~~k~ hxoe` tpl zbox~ potf yl{—b zbox

yl{ pogg {~k bed b ~zbxk% Oa tfk aox~t zbox hxkbc~ tfk Zkbnk

Nlxz~ pogg xkzgbnk ot {~oe` tfk oealxibtole yl{x dlntlx oe

tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ zxlqodkd le tfk kyk`gb~~k~ alxi d{xoe`

yl{x kvbioebtole% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ do~nl{xb`k~ yl{ axli

{~oe` nletbnt gke~k~ d{xoe` yl{x ~kxqonk tl xkd{nk yl{x

xo~c la dkqkglzoe` b ~kxol{~ oeakntole lx ltfkx kyk do~kb~k%

Il~t Zkbnk Nlxz~ nl{etxok~ dl elt fbqk bzzxlzxobtk pbtkx

bed ~beotbtole tl ~{zzlxt kyk nbxk potf tfk {~k la nletbnt

gke~k~% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pogg elt ~{zzgy lx xkzgbnk nletbnt

gke~k~ lx b~~lnobtkd ~lg{tole~ {egk~~ be lzftfbgilglò~t

fb~ xknliikedkd tfkox {~k alx b ~zknoaon ikdonbg nledotole

bed tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ Laaonk la Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~ fb~ òqke

bzzxlqbg%



Z K B N K N L X Z ^;:

Oa yl{ bxk kgoòhgk alx Ikdonbxk bxk lqkx ;: ykbx~ la b`k

lx fbqk b fkbgtf nledotole tfbt iby xk~txont yl{x a{t{xk

zbxtonozbtole oe fkbgtfnbxk zgbe~ yl{ iby po~f tl nle~{gtbe oe~{xbenk ~zknobgo~t bhl{t {eor{k nlqkxb`k ekkd~ hkalxk

yl{x dkzbxt{xk% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pogg zxlqodk bgg eknk~~bxy

fkbgtfnbxk axli tfk toik yl{ gkbqk alx yl{x zxk)dkzbxt{xk

lxoketbtole {etog yl{ nlizgktk yl{x ~kxqonk% Pfke yl{ aoeo~f

yl{ pogg hk ketotgkd tl tfk zl~t)~kxqonk fkbgtfnbxk hkekaot~

dk~nxohkd oe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx Fbedhllc% _l{ iby

po~f tl nle~odkx ckkzoe` be kvo~toe` fkbgtf zgbe oe kaakntd{xoe` yl{x ~kxqonk oa yl{ tfoec b`k lx zxkkvo~toe` nledotole~

io`ft zxkqket yl{ axli xkkexlggoe` oe yl{x n{xxket zgbe pfke

yl{ xkt{xe flik%

^bakty bed ^kn{xoty—L{x Zbxtekx~foz

^kxqoe` b~ b Qlg{etkkx lqkx~kb~ ketbog~ nkxtboe ~baktybed ~kn{xoty xo~c~% Goqoe` bed txbqkgoe` oe be {eabiogobx

keqoxleiket b goiotkd {edkx~tbedoe` la tfk glnbg gbe`{b`k

bed n{gt{xk bed tfk zkxnkztole la hkoe` b pkbgtfy Bikxonbe

bxk ~lik la tfk abntlx~ tfbt nbe z{t b Qlg{etkkx bt xo~c%

Zxlzkxty tfkat~ bed h{x`gbxok~ bxk elt {enliile% Oenodket~

la zfy~onbg bed ~kv{bg b~~b{gt dl lnn{x bgtfl{`f bgil~t bgg

Qlg{etkkx~ nlizgktk tfkox tpl ykbx~ la ~kxqonk potfl{t ~kxol{~zkx~lebg ~bakty zxlhgki~% Oe bddotole ilxk tfbe 64 zkxnket

la Qlg{etkkx~ ~{xqkykd oe tfk 8::4 Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx

^{xqky ~by tfky pl{gd mloe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ b`boe%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ bzzxlbnfk~ ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty b~ b

zbxtekx~foz potf yl{% Tfo~ Pkgnlik Hllc nletboe~ ~kntole~

le= Goqoe` Nledotole~ bed Qlg{etkkx Goak~tygk3 Zkbnk Nlxz~

Txboeoe`3 bed _l{x Fkbgtf Nbxk bed ^bakty% Bgg la tfk~k

~kntole~ oeng{dk oizlxtbet ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty oealxibtole%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;2

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ibck~ kqkxy kaalxt tl òqk Qlg{etkkx~ tfk

tllg~ tfky ekkd tl a{entole oe tfk ~bak~t bed il~t ~kn{xk pby

zl~~ohgk hknb{~k plxcoe` tl ibvoio}k tfk ~bakty bed ~kn{xotyla Qlg{etkkx~ o~ l{x fo`fk~t zxolxoty% Elt legy dl pk zxlqodk

yl{ potf txboeoe` bed tllg~ tl zxkzbxk alx tfk {ekvzkntkd

h{t pk tkbnf yl{ tl odketoay bed ibeb`k tfk xo~c~ yl{ iby

kenl{etkx%

Abntlx~ tfbt Nletxoh{tk tl Qlg{etkkx Xo~c

Tfkxk bxk ~kqkxbg abntlx~ tfbt nbe fko`ftke b Qlg{etkkx‟~

xo~c' ibey la pfonf bxk potfoe tfk Qlg{etkkx‟~ nletxlg%

Hb~kd le oealxibtole `btfkxkd axli oenodket xkzlxt~

plxgdpodk oe 8::4 tfk algglpoe` abntlx~ ~tbed l{t b~ xo~c

nfbxbntkxo~ton~ alx b~~b{gt~% B~~b{gt~ nle~o~t la zkx~lebg

nxoik~ nliiottkd b`boe~t Qlg{etkkx~ bed dl elt oeng{dk

zxlzkxty nxoik~ &~{nf b~ qbedbgo~i lx tfkat/%

• Glnbtole= Il~t nxoik~ lnn{xxkd pfke Qlg{etkkx~

pkxk oe z{hgon bxkb~ &k%`% ~txkkt zbxc hkbnf z{hgon

h{ogdoe`~/% ^zknoaonbggy 4> zkxnket la b~~b{gt~ tllc

zgbnk pfke Qlg{etkkx~ pkxk bpby axli tfkox ~otk~%

• Toik la dby= B~~b{gt~ {~{bggy tllc zgbnk le tfk pkkc)

ked d{xoe` tfk kqkeoe` hktpkke ;=:: z%i% bed 8=:: b%i%

— potf il~t b~~b{gt~ lnn{xxoe` bxl{ed 2=:: b%i%

• Bh~kenk la ltfkx~= B~~b{gt~ {~{bggy lnn{xxkd pfke tfk

Qlg{etkkx pb~ {ebnnlizbeokd% Oe 68 zkxnket la tfk

~kv{bg b~~b{gt~ tfk Qlg{etkkx pb~ {ebnnlizbeokd bed

oe ;; zkxnket la zfy~onbg b~~b{gt~ tfk Qlg{etkkx pb~

{ebnnlizbeokd%

• Xkgbtole~foz tl b~~bogbet= Oe il~t b~~b{gt~ tfk

Qlg{etkkx dod elt celp tfk b~~bogbet%

• Nle~{iztole la bgnlflg= Alxty zkxnket la bgg b~~b{gt~

oeqlgqkd bgnlflg nle~{iztole hy Qlg{etkkx~ bed,lxb~~bogbet~%



Z K B N K N L X Z ^;8

^{iibxy ^txbtkòk~ tl Xkd{nk Xo~c

Hkalxk bed d{xoe` ~kxqonk yl{x txboeoe` pogg bddxk~~ tfk~k

bxkb~ la nlenkxe ~l tfbt yl{ nbe xkd{nk tfk xo~c~ yl{ abnk%Alx kvbizgk fkxk bxk ~lik ~txbtkòk~ Qlg{etkkx~ kizgly=

^txbtkòk~ tl xkd{nk tfk xo~c,oizbnt la tfkat=

• Celp tfk keqoxleiket bed nfll~k ~bak xl{tk~,toik~ alx

txbqkg

• Bqlod fo`f)nxoik bxkb~ zkx Zkbnk Nlxz~ `{odbenk

• Celp tfk qlnbh{gbxy tl `kt fkgz oe be kikx`keny• Nbxxy qbg{bhgk~ oe doaakxket zlnckt~,zgbnk~

• Nbxxy b ‗d{iiy’ pbggkt b~ b dknly

^txbtkòk~ tl xkd{nk tfk xo~c,oizbnt la h{x`gbxy=

• Goqk potf b glnbg abiogy lx le b abiogy nlizl{ed

• Z{t ~txle` glnc~ le dllx~ bed ckkz qbg{bhgk~ oe b glnc

hlv lx tx{ec• Gkbqk oxxkzgbnkbhgk lhmknt~ bt flik oe tfk [%^%

• Algglp Zkbnk Nlxz~ `{odkgoek~ le iboetboeoe` flik

~kn{xoty

^txbtkòk~ tl xkd{nk tfk xo~c,oizbnt la b~~b{gt=

• Ibck glnbg axoked~

• Ibck ~{xk yl{x bzzkbxbenk o~ xk~zknta{g la glnbgn{~tli~3 dle‟t dxbp ek`btoqk bttketole tl yl{x~kga hy

pkbxoe` oebzzxlzxobtk ngltfoe`

• @kt tl celp glnbg laaonobg~ zlgonk bed eko`fhlx~

• Txbqkg potf ~liklek pfkekqkx zl~~ohgk

• Bqlod celpe fo`f nxoik bxkb~

• Goiot bgnlflg nle~{iztole



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;>

^{zzlxt axli ^tbaa

Oe Ibxnf 8::> tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ nxkbtkd tfk Laaonk la

^bakty bed ^kn{xoty potf ot~ io~~ole tl ‗al~tkx oizxlqkdnlii{eonbtole nllxdoebtole lqkx~o`ft bed bnnl{etbhogoty la

bgg Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty kaalxt~%’ Tfk ekp laaonk

o~ gkd hy be B~~lnobtk Doxkntlx alx ^bakty bed ^kn{xoty pfl

xkzlxt~ tl tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ Doxkntlx bed oeng{dk~ tfk algglpoe`

doqo~ole~= Qlg{etkkx ^bakty bed Lqkx~kb~ ^kn{xoty3 Oealxibtole

bed Zkx~leekg ^kn{xoty3 Kikx`keny Zxkzbxkdek~~ Zgbe~

Txboeoe` bed Kvkxno~k3 bed Nxoik ^tbto~ton~ bed Bebgy~o~%

Tfk ibmlx xk~zle~ohogotok~ la tfk Qlg{etkkx ^bakty bed

Lqkx~kb~ ^kn{xoty Doqo~ole bxk tl nllxdoebtk tfk laaonk‟~

lqkx~kb~ lzkxbtole~ bed doxknt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ ~bakty bed

~kn{xoty laaonkx~ pfl bxk glnbtkd oe qbxol{~ xkòle~ bxl{ed

tfk plxgd tfbt fbqk Zkbnk Nlxz~ zxl`xbi~% Tfk ~bakty bed

~kn{xoty laaonkx~ nled{nt ~kn{xoty b~~k~~iket~3 xkqokp ~bakty

txboeoe`~3 txboe txboekx~ bed ibeb`kx~3 txboe Qlg{etkkx ~bakty

pbxdke~ glnbg `{bxd~ bed ~tbaa3 dkqkglz ~kn{xoty oenodket

xk~zle~k zxlnkd{xk~3 bed zxlqodk nxo~o~ ibeb`kiket ~{zzlxt%

Oa b txboekk lx Qlg{etkkx o~ tfk qontoi la b ~bakty oenodket

Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa o~ zxkzbxkd tl zxlqodk ~{zzlxt% Bgg Zkbnk

Nlxz~ zl~t~ fbqk zxlnkd{xk~ oe zgbnk tl xk~zled tl oenodket~

la nxoik nliiottkd b`boe~t Qlg{etkkx~% Tfk aox~t zxolxoty alxbgg zl~t~ oe tfk batkxibtf la be oenodket o~ tl ke~{xk tfbt tfk

Qlg{etkkx o~ ~bak bed xknkoqoe` ikdonbg txkbtiket b~ ekkdkd%

Batkx b~~{xoe` tfk ~bakty la tfk Qlg{etkkx Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa

zxlqodk~ ~{zzlxt hy xkb~~k~~oe` tfk Qlg{etkkx‟~ plxc ~otk bed

fl{~oe` bxxbe`kiket~ bed ibcoe` bey bdm{~tiket~ b~ ekkdkd%

Oe ~lik nb~k~ tfk ebt{xk la tfk oenodket iby eknk~~otbtk

b ~otk lx fl{~oe` txbe~akx% Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa pogg bg~l b~~o~t Qlg{etkkx~ potf zxk~kxqoe` tfkox xo`ft~ tl z{x~{k gk`bg ~bentole~

b`boe~t tfk zkxzktxbtlx~ la tfk nxoik% Ot o~ qkxy oizlxtbet tfbt

Qlg{etkkx~ xkzlxt oenodket~ b~ tfky lnn{x elt legy tl zxltknt




tfkox zkkx Qlg{etkkx~ h{t bg~l tl zxk~kxqk tfk a{t{xk xo`ft tl

zxl~kn{tk% ^fl{gd Qlg{etkkx~ dknodk gbtkx oe tfk zxlnk~~ tfbt

tfky pbet tl zxlnkkd potf tfk zxl~kn{tole la tfkox b~~bogbettfo~ lztole iby el gle`kx kvo~t oa tfk kqodkenk la tfk kqket fb~

elt hkke zxk~kxqkd bt tfk toik la tfk oenodket%

Tfk nl{etxy)~zknoaon dbtb nfbxt hkglp ~flp~ tfk oenodkenk

xbtk~ bed tfk bqkxb`k e{ihkx la oenodket~ la tfk ibmlx tyzk~

la ~bakty oenodket~ xkzlxtkd hy Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~,

txboekk~ oe ^{xoebik b~ nlizbxkd tl bgg ltfkx Oetkx)Bikxonb

2Tfk bqkxb`k e{ihkx~ la oenodket~ bxk oe zbxketfk~o~ bed kr{bg tfk bqkxb`kxkzlxtkd b~~b{gt~ alx kbnf ykbx hktpkke 8::8„8::1%

8Oenodket xbtk~ kr{bg tfk e{ihkx la b~~b{gt~ zkx 2:: Qlg{etkkx~ bed txboekk~zkx ykbx &Q,T ykbx~/% ôenk il~t ~kv{bg b~~b{gt~ lnn{x b`boe~t akibgk~ legyakibgk Q,T~ bxk nbgn{gbtkd oe xbzk~ bed ltfkx ~kv{bg b~~b{gt~% E{ihkx~ la oenodket~ bxk bzzxlvoibtk d{k tl xl{edoe`%

>Dbtb nlggkntole alx ^{xoebik hk`be b~ la Mbe% 2 8::83 d{k tl tfk ~ibgge{ihkx la Q,T ykbx~ oenodkenk xbtk~ ~fl{gd hk oetkxzxktkd potf nb{tole%

^kv{bg B~~b{t~ bxk tkxikd Ltfkx ^kv{bg B~~b{gt bed Ltfkx Zfy~onbg B~~b{gtzkx NOXA dkaoeotole~ b~ la tfk ykbx 8::1% Zxolx tl NOXA bed zxolx tl 8::1^kv{bg B~~b{gt~ pkxk tkxikd Ioelx ^kv{bg B~~b{gt B~~b{gt bed IoelxZfy~onbg B~~b{gt zkx BE^^ dkaoeotole~%

^l{xnk dbtb le oenodket~ bxk dxbpe axli tfk Nxoik Oenodket Xkzlxtoe` Alxi&NOXA/3 tfk oealxibtole o~ bnn{xbtk b~ la Ibxnf ; 8::6%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;;

bed Zbnoaon &OBZ/ xkòle zxl`xbi~ b~ b pflgk axli 8::2„

8::;% Ot o~ zxk~ketkd tl yl{ oe b ~likpfbt tknfeonbg ibeekx

alx ~tbto~tonbg bnn{xbny%

Tl a{ggy bzzxknobtk tfk nlggkntkd dbtb hkglp be kvzgbebtole la

tfk `xbzf o~ zxlqodkd b~ algglp~=

Tfk oenodkenk xbtk alx kbnf tyzk la nxoik o~ tfk e{ihkx la

nxoik kqket~ xkgbtoqk tl tfk Qlg{etkkx,txboekk zlz{gbtole%

Ot o~ kvzxk~~kd le tfk nfbxt b~ b xbtol la nxoik tl Qlg{etkkx

bed txboekk ykbx~ &lx Q,T ykbx~ pfonf o~ b ikb~{xk la 28 a{ggiletf~ la Q,T ~kxqonk/ tl bgglp alx b ~tbto~tonbggy qbgod pby

tl nlizbxk nxoik dbtb bnxl~~ nl{etxok~% Be ‗oenodket’ o~ b

~zknoaon laake~k zkx Zkbnk Nlxz~' ngb~~oaonbtole la laake~k~

bed iby oeqlgqk lek lx ilxk Qlg{etkkx,txboekk qontoi~% Alx

kvbizgk oa tpl Qlg{etkkx~ bxk xlhhkd bt tfk ~bik toik bed

zgbnk tfo~ o~ ngb~~oaokd b~ lek xlhhkxy oenodket%

Tfk nfbxt o~ ~kzbxbtkd oetl ko`ft nxoik nbtk`lxok~% Tfk~k

oeng{dk qbedbgo~i &ibgonol{~ dkabnkiket lx dbib`k la

zxlzkxty/3 tfkat &tbcoe` potfl{t alxnk lx oggk`bg ketxy/3

h{x`gbxy &alxnohgk ketxy la b xk~odkenk/3 xlhhkxy &tbcoe`

~liktfoe` hy alxnk/3 ioelx zfy~onbg b~~b{gt &bttbncoe` potfl{t

b pkbzle potf ioelx oem{xok~/3 ioelx ~kv{bg b~~b{gt &aledgoe`

`xlzoe` ktn%/3 b``xbqbtkd b~~b{gt &bttbncoe` potf b pkbzle

bed,lx potfl{t b pkbzle pfke ~kxol{~ oem{xy xk~{gt~/3 bed

xbzk &~kv{bg oetkxnl{x~k potfl{t nle~ket/%

Pfke betonozbtoe` Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx ~kxqonk yl{ ~fl{gd

xkqokp bgg la tfk ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty oealxibtole zxlqodkd

tl yl{ oeng{doe` tfk ~txbtkòk~ tl xkd{nk xo~c% Tfxl{`fl{t

yl{x txboeoe` bed Qlg{etkkx ~kxqonk yl{ pogg hk kvzkntkd tl

~{nnk~~a{ggy nlizgktk bgg txboeoe` nlizktkenok~ oe b qbxokty la bxkb~ oeng{doe` ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty% Lenk oe)nl{etxy {~k tfk

tllg~ bed oealxibtole ~fbxkd potf yl{ tl xkiboe b~ ~bak bed

~kn{xk b~ zl~~ohgk%




Pfbt oa yl{ hknlik b qontoi la b qolgket nxoik<

Akp Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ bxk qontoi~ la qolgket nxoik~%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ pogg òqk yl{ oealxibtole bed txboeoe` oeflp tl hk ~bak% H{t m{~t b~ oe tfk [%^% nxoik fbzzke~ bed

Qlg{etkkx~ nbe hknlik qontoi~% Pfke tfo~ fbzzke~ tfk

oeqk~to`btoqk tkbi la tfk Laaonk la Oe~zkntlx @kekxbg &LO@/

o~ nfbx`kd potf fkgzoe` z{x~{k zxl~kn{tole la tfl~k pfl

zkxzktxbtk b qolgket nxoik b`boe~t b Qlg{etkkx% Oa yl{ hknlik

b qontoi la b qolgket nxoik tfk dkno~ole tl zxl~kn{tk lx elt

tl zxl~kn{tk o~ ketoxkgy yl{x~ bed lek la tfk tb~c~ la tfk LO@o~ tl ibck ~{xk tfbt yl{ bxk a{ggy oealxikd la yl{x lztole~

bed fkgz yl{ tfxl{`f tfk zxlnk~~ bed zxlnkd{xk~ oeqlgqkd

oe `loe` alxpbxd potf zxl~kn{tole ~fl{gd yl{ po~f tl dl ~l%

Oa yl{ dknodk tl zxl~kn{tk pk bxk fkxk tl b~~o~t yl{ oe kqkxy

pby pk nbe%

Nxoik~ tfbt lnn{x lqkx~kb~ la nl{x~k bxk oeqk~to`btkd bed

zxl~kn{tkd hy glnbg b{tflxotok~ oe glnbg nl{xt~% L{x xlgk o~

tl nllxdoebtk tfk oeqk~to`btole bed kqodkenk nlggkntole potf

tfk xkòlebg ~kn{xoty laaonkx~ &X^L~/ bt tfk [%^% kihb~~y

glnbg zlgonk bed glnbg zxl~kn{tlx~ bed ltfkx~ tl ke~{xk tfbt

yl{x xo`ft~ bxk zxltkntkd tl tfk a{ggk~t kvtket zl~~ohgk {edkx

tfk gbp~ la tfk nl{etxy% LO@ oeqk~to`btoqk ~tbaa fb~ kvtke~oqk

kvzkxokenk oe nxoioebg oeqk~to`btole oe plxcoe` ~ke~otoqkgy

potf qontoi~ bed b~ bdqlnbtk~ alx qontoi~% Pk bg~l iby oe

nkxtboe goiotkd noxn{i~tbenk~ bxxbe`k alx tfk xktketole la b

glnbg gbpykx tl b~~o~t tfk glnbg z{hgon zxl~kn{tlx oe ibcoe` tfk

nb~k b`boe~t tfk oedoqod{bg pfl zkxzktxbtkd tfk qolgket nxoik%

Oa yl{ dl hknlik b qontoi la b qolgket nxoik aox~t ibck

~{xk yl{ bxk oe b ~bak zgbnk bed potf zklzgk yl{ tx{~t bed

~knled nletbnt tfk Nl{etxy Doxkntlx tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~Ikdonbg Laaonkx lx tfk ^bakty bed ^kn{xoty Nllxdoebtlx

&^^N/% Oiikdobtk xkzlxtoe` o~ oizlxtbet tl tfk zxk~kxqbtole

la kqodkenk bed tfk nfbenk~ la bzzxkfkedoe` tfk ~{~zknt%

Nl{etxy doxkntlx~ bed Ikdonbg Laaonkx~ bxk xkr{oxkd tl xkzlxt



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;0

bgg qolgket nxoik~ tl tfk Laaonk la tfk Oe~zkntlx @kekxbg &LO@/

bed tfk Xkòlebg ^kn{xoty Laaonkx &X^L%/ Tfo~ oealxibtole o~

zxltkntkd axli {eb{tflxo}kd a{xtfkx do~ngl~{xk hy tfk Zxoqbny Bnt% Xkzlxtoe` tfk nxoik bg~l fkgz~ zxkqket yl{x a{xtfkx

qontoio}btole bed zxltknt~ yl{x akgglp Qlg{etkkx~%

Oe nlem{entole potf tfk X^L tfk LO@ dlk~ b zxkgoioebxy

oeqk~to`btole la bgg qolgket nxoik~ b`boe~t Qlg{etkkx~ xk`bxdgk~~

la pfktfkx tfk nxoik fb~ hkke xkzlxtkd tl glnbg b{tflxotok~ lx

la tfk dkno~ole yl{ iby {gtoibtkgy ibck tl zxl~kn{tk% Oa yl{

bxk b qontoi la b nxoik l{x ~tbaa pogg plxc potf yl{ tfxl{`f

aoebg do~zl~otole la tfk nb~k% LO@ ~tbaa o~ bqbogbhgk 84 fl{x~)b)

dby 0 dby~)b)pkkc% Pk iby hk nletbntkd tfxl{`f l{x 84)fl{x

qolgket nxoik fltgoek qob tkgkzflek bt 8:8%1?8%8?22 lx hy

k)ibog bt qolgketnxoikfltgoekJzkbnknlxz~%`lq%

^kn{xoty O~~{k~ oe ^{xoebik

Pfke ot nlik~ tl yl{x ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty oe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

yl{ fbqk tl hk poggoe` tl bdbzt yl{x hkfbqolx bed goak~tygk tl

ioeoio}k tfk zltketobg alx hkoe` b tbx`kt la nxoik% B~ potf

beypfkxk oe tfk plxgd nxoik dlk~ kvo~t oe ^{xoebik% _l{ nbe

xkd{nk yl{x xo~c hy bqlodoe` ~ot{btole~ tfbt ibck yl{ akkg

{enlialxtbhgk bed hy tbcoe` zxknb{tole~% Nxoik bt tfk qoggb`k

lx tlpe gkqkg o~ gk~~ axkr{ket tfbe oe tfk gbx`k notok~ hknb{~k

zklzgk celp kbnf ltfkx bed `kekxbggy pogg elt ~tkbg axli tfkox

eko`fhlx~% Tl{xo~t bttxbntole~ oe gbx`k tlpe~ alx oe~tbenk bxk

abqlxotk plxc ~otk~ alx zonczlnckt~%

^tbyoe` ^bak= Dle‟t Hk b Tbx`kt alx Nxoik

_l{ i{~t hk zxkzbxkd tl tbck le b gbx`k dk`xkk la

xk~zle~ohogoty alx yl{x lpe ~bakty% Legy yl{ nbe ibck yl{x~kga

gk~~ la b tbx`kt ke~{xk tfbt yl{x fl{~k o~ ~kn{xk bed dkqkglz

xkgbtole~foz~ oe yl{x nlii{eoty tfbt pogg ibck yl{ be




{egockgy qontoi la nxoik% Oe nlioe` tl ^{xoebik dl pfbt yl{

pl{gd dl oa yl{ ilqkd tl b ekp noty oe tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~=

Hk nb{tol{~ nfknc tfoe`~ l{t b~c r{k~tole~ gkbxe bhl{t yl{x eko`fhlxflld celp pfkxk tfk ilxk xo~cy glnbtole~

bxk {~k nliile ~ke~k bed hk bpbxk% _l{ nbe xkd{nk yl{x

q{gekxbhogoty tl nxoik hy oetk`xbtoe` oetl yl{x nlii{eoty

gkbxeoe` tfk glnbg gbe`{b`k bntoe` xk~zle~ohgy bed bhodoe`

hy Zkbnk Nlxz~ zlgonok~ bed zxlnkd{xk~% ^kxqoe` ~bakgy bed

kaakntoqkgy oe ^{xoebik iby xkr{oxk tfbt yl{ bnnkzt ~lik

xk~txontole~ le yl{x n{xxket goak~tygk%

Qlg{etkkx~ bttxbnt b glt la bttketole hltf oe gbx`k notok~

bed bt tfkox ~otk~ h{t tfky bxk gockgy tl xknkoqk ilxk

ek`btoqk bttketole oe fo`fgy zlz{gbtkd nketkx~ tfbe bt tfkox

~otk~ pfkxk ‗abiogy’ axoked~ bed nlggkb`{k~ gllc l{t alx

tfki% Pfogk pfo~tgk~ bed kvngbibtole~ bxk aboxgy nliile

le tfk ~txkkt tfo~ hkfbqolx nbe hk xkd{nkd oa yl{ dxk~~

nle~kxqbtoqkgy bqlod kyk nletbnt bed dl elt xk~zled tl

{epbetkd bttketole% Oe bddotole ckkz yl{x ileky l{t la

~o`ft hy {~oe` be {edkx`bxiket ileky zl{nf tfk coed tfbt

fbe`~ bxl{ed yl{x eknc bed ~tby~ foddke {edkx yl{x ~foxt lx

oe~odk yl{x nlbt% Dl elt ckkz yl{x ileky oe l{t~odk zlnckt~

la hbnczbnc~ oe nlbt zlnckt~ lx oe abeey zbnc~% Bgpby~ pbgc

potf b nlizbeole bt eo`ft%

Zxkzbxoe` alx tfk [ekvzkntkd= ^bakty Txboeoe`

bed Qlg{etkkx ^{zzlxt oe ^{xoebik

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ bzzxlbnf tl ~bakty o~ b aoqk)zxle`kd zgbe tl

fkgz yl{ ~tby ~bak d{xoe` yl{x tpl)ykbx ~kxqonk bed oeng{dk~

tfk algglpoe`= oealxibtole ~fbxoe` Qlg{etkkx txboeoe` ~otk

~kgkntole nxotkxob b dktbogkd kikx`keny bntole zgbe bed

zxltlnlg~ alx bddxk~~oe` ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty oenodket~%

^{xoebik‟~ oe)nl{etxy ~bakty zxl`xbi o~ l{tgoekd hkglp%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ;?

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik laaonk pogg ckkz yl{ oealxikd

la bey o~~{k~ tfbt iby oizbnt Qlg{etkkx ~bakty tfxl{`f

oealxibtole ~fbxoe`% Xk`{gbx {zdbtk~ pogg hk laakxkd oeekp~gkttkx~ bed oe ikilxbedb axli tfk nl{etxy doxkntlx%

Oe tfk kqket la b nxotonbg ~ot{btole lx kikx`keny yl{ pogg hk

nletbntkd tfxl{`f tfk kikx`keny nlii{eonbtole ektplxc%

_l{ pogg bg~l zbxtonozbtk oe be bee{bg kikx`keny bntole zgbe

&KBZ/ dxogg%

Qlg{etkkx txboeoe` pogg oeng{dk ~k~~ole~ tl zxkzbxk yl{ alx

~zknoaon ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty o~~{k~ oe ^{xoebik% Tfo~ txboeoe`

pogg zxkzbxk yl{ tl bdlzt b n{gt{xbggy bzzxlzxobtk goak~tygk

bed kvkxno~k m{dìket tfbt zxliltk~ ~bakty bed xkd{nk~ xo~c

oe yl{x flik bt plxc bed pfogk txbqkgoe`% ^bakty txboeoe` o~

laakxkd tfxl{`fl{t ~kxqonk bed o~ oetk`xbtkd oetl tfk gbe`{b`k

nxl~~)n{gt{xbg fkbgtf bed ltfkx nlizleket~ la txboeoe`%

Nkxtboe ~otk ~kgkntole nxotkxob bxk {~kd tl dktkxioek ~bakfl{~oe` alx Qlg{etkkx~ hkalxk tfkox bxxoqbg% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

~tbaa plxc~ ngl~kgy potf fl~t nlii{eotok~ bed nl{etkxzbxt

b`kenok~ tl fkgz zxkzbxk tfki alx b Qlg{etkkx‟~ bxxoqbg bed tl

k~tbhgo~f kvzkntbtole~ la tfkox xk~zkntoqk xlgk~ oe ~{zzlxtoe`

tfk Qlg{etkkx% Kbnf ~otk o~ oe~zkntkd hkalxk tfk Qlg{etkkx‟~

bxxoqbg tl ke~{xk zgbnkiket oe bzzxlzxobtk ~bak bed ~kn{xk

fl{~oe` bed plxc ~otk~% ôtk ~kgkntole o~ hb~kd oe zbxt lebey xkgkqbet ~otk fo~tlxy3 bnnk~~ tl ~kxqonk~ ~{nf b~ ikdonbg

hbecoe` zl~tbg bed ltfkx k~~ketobg ~kxqonk~3 bqbogbhogoty la

nlii{eonbtole~ txbe~zlxtbtole bed ibxckt~3 fl{~oe` lztole~

bed goqoe` bxxbe`kiket~3 bed ltfkx Qlg{etkkx ~{zzlxt ekkd~%

_l{ pogg bg~l gkbxe bhl{t Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik‟~ dktbogkd

kikx`keny bntole zgbe pfonf o~ oizgkiketkd oe tfk kqket la

noqog lx zlgotonbg {exk~t lx b ebt{xbg do~b~tkx% Pfke yl{ bxxoqk

bt yl{x ~otk yl{ pogg nlizgktk bed ~{hiot b ~otk glnbtlx alxi

potf yl{x bddxk~~ nletbnt oealxibtole bed b ibz tl yl{x

fl{~k% Oa tfkxk o~ b ~kn{xoty tfxkbt yl{ pogg `btfkx potf ltfkx




Qlg{etkkx~ oe ^{xoebik bt zxkdktkxioekd glnbtole~ {etog tfk

~ot{btole o~ xk~lgqkd lx tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ dknodk~ tl kqbn{btk%

Aoebggy oe lxdkx alx tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ tl hk a{ggy xk~zle~oqk

tl tfk ekkd~ la Qlg{etkkx~ ot o~ oizkxbtoqk tfbt Qlg{etkkx~

oiikdobtkgy xkzlxt bey ~kn{xoty oenodket tl tfkox ^^N% Zkbnk

Nlxz~ fb~ k~tbhgo~fkd zxltlnlg~ alx bddxk~~oe` ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty

oenodket~ oe b toikgy bed bzzxlzxobtk ibeekx bed ot nlggknt~

bed kqbg{btk~ ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty dbtb tl txbnc txked~ bed

dkqkglz ~txbtkòk~ tl ioeoio}k xo~c~ tl a{t{xk Qlg{etkkx~%




E L T K






DOQKXÔT_ BED NXL^^)

N[GT[XBG O^^[K^

Oe a{gaoggoe` ot~ ibedbtk tl ~fbxk tfk abnk la Bikxonb potf fl~t

nl{etxok~ tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ o~ ibcoe` ~zknobg kaalxt~ tl ~kk tfbt

bgg la Bikxonb‟~ xonfek~~ o~ xkagkntkd oe tfk Qlg{etkkx nlxz~%

Ilxk Bikxonbe~ la nlglx bxk ~kxqoe` oe tldby‟~ Zkbnk Nlxz~

tfbe bt bey toik oe xknket ykbx~% Doaakxkenk~ oe xbnk ktfeonhbnc`xl{ed b`k xkgoòle bed ~kv{bg lxoketbtole bxk kvzkntkd

bed pkgnlikd bile` l{x Qlg{etkkx~% Zbxt la tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟

io~~ole o~ tl fkgz do~zkg bey eltole tfbt Bikxonbe~ bxk bgg

la lek lxoòe lx xbnk bed tl k~tbhgo~f tfbt kbnf la {~ o~ b~

tflxl{`fgy Bikxonbe b~ tfk ltfkx dk~zotk l{x ibey doaakxkenk~%

L{x doqkx~oty fkgz~ {~ bnnlizgo~f tfbt `lbg% Oe ltfkx pby~flpkqkx ot zl~k~ nfbggke`k~% Oe ^{xoebik b~ oe ltfkx

Zkbnk Nlxz~ fl~t nl{etxok~ Qlg{etkkx~‟ hkfbqolx goak~tygk

hbnc`xl{ed bed hkgoka~ bxk m{d`kd oe b n{gt{xbg nletkvt qkxy

doaakxket axli tfkox lpe% Nkxtboe zkx~lebg zkx~zkntoqk~ lx

nfbxbntkxo~ton~ nliilegy bnnkztkd oe tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ iby hk

r{otk {enliile {ebnnkztbhgk lx kqke xkzxk~~kd oe ^{xoebik%

L{t~odk la ^{xoebik‟~ nbzotbg xk~odket~ la x{xbg nlii{eotok~

fbqk fbd xkgbtoqkgy gottgk doxknt kvzl~{xk tl n{gt{xk~ bed

goak~tygk~ la zklzgk axli ltfkx nl{etxok~% Pfbt zklzgk qokp

b~ tyzonbg Elxtf Bikxonbe hkfbqolx lx elxi~ iby hk b

io~nlenkztole ~{nf b~ tfk hkgoka tfbt bgg Bikxonbe~ bxk xonf

bed fbqk hgled fbox bed hg{k kyk~% Tfk zklzgk la ^{xoebik

bxk m{~tgy celpe alx tfkox `kekxl{~ fl~zotbgoty tl alxkoèkx~3

flpkqkx ikihkx~ la tfk nlii{eoty oe pfonf yl{ pogg goqk iby

do~zgby b xbe`k la xkbntole~ tl n{gt{xbg doaakxkenk~ tfbt yl{

zxk~ket%




Tl kb~k tfk txbe~otole bed bdbzt tl goak oe ^{xoebik yl{ iby

ekkd tl ibck ~lik tkizlxbxy ykt a{edbiketbg nlizxlio~k~

oe flp yl{ zxk~ket yl{x~kga b~ be Bikxonbe bed b~ beoedoqod{bg% Alx kvbizgk akibgk txboekk~ bed Qlg{etkkx~ iby

elt hk bhgk tl kvkxno~k tfk oedkzkedkenk bqbogbhgk tl tfki oe

tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~3 zlgotonbg do~n{~~ole~ ekkd tl hk fbedgkd potf

`xkbt nbxk3 bed ~lik la yl{x zkx~lebg hkgoka~ iby hk~t xkiboe

{edo~ngl~kd% _l{ pogg ekkd tl dkqkglz tknfeor{k~ bed zkx~lebg

~txbtkòk~ alx nlzoe` potf tfk~k bed ltfkx goiotbtole~% Tfk

Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa pogg gkbd doqkx~oty bed ~ke~otoqoty do~n{~~ole~d{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe` bed pogg hk le nbgg tl zxlqodk

~{zzlxt h{t tfk nfbggke`k {gtoibtkgy pogg hk yl{x lpe%

Lqkxqokp la Doqkx~oty oe ^{xoebik

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ~tbaa oe ^{xoebik xknlèo}k~ tfk bdm{~tiket

o~~{k~ tfbt nlik potf doqkx~oty bed pogg kedkbqlx tlzxlqodk ~{zzlxt bed `{odbenk% D{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe`

~kqkxbg ~k~~ole~ pogg hk fkgd tl do~n{~~ doqkx~oty bed nlzoe`

iknfbeo~i~% Pk gllc alxpbxd tl fbqoe` ibgk bed akibgk

Qlg{etkkx~ axli b qbxokty la xbnk~ ktfeon `xl{z~ b`k~

xkgoòle~ bed ~kv{bg lxoketbtole~ bed flzk tfbt yl{ pogg

hknlik zbxt la b doqkx~k `xl{z la Bikxonbe~ pfl tbck zxodk

oe ~{zzlxtoe` lek beltfkx bed dkile~txbtoe` tfk xonfek~~ la Bikxonbe n{gt{xk%

Pfbt Io`ft b Qlg{etkkx Abnk<

Zl~~ohgk O~~{k~ alx Akibgk Qlg{etkkx~

Plike oe ^{xoebik `kekxbggy fbqk txbdotolebg xlgk~%

K~zknobggy oe x{xbg bxkb~ tfky dl il~t la tfk plxc oe tfkaokgd~ x{e tfk fl{~kflgd zxkzbxk ikbg~ ngkbe bed xkbx tfk

nfogdxke% Ike bxk dlioebet pfonf ikbe~ tfky bxk kvzkntkd

tl ~ilck dxoec z{x~{k plike hk ~txle` bed do~nozgoek tfkox




poqk~ bed nfogdxke% Oe Ibxlle n{gt{xk~ ot o~ bnnkztbhgk alx

ike tl fbqk ilxk tfbe lek poak% @kedkx xlgk~ zbxton{gbxgy

tfl~k alx plike pogg hk r{otk bzzbxket oe tfk dby)tl)dby goakla yl{x qoggb`k%

Oe Zbxbibxohl ot o~ elt {enliile alx plike tl xknkoqk ~tbxk~

nliiket~ bed laakx~ la dbtk~ lx ~kv le tfk ~txkkt bed oe

ltfkx ~ot{btole~% Nb{nb~obe plike bxk lhqol{~ tbx`kt~ hknb{~k

tfky bxk ~l qo~ohgk bed fbqk b xkz{tbtole alx hkoe` gohkxbg oe

ibgk)akibgk xkgbtole~foz~% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ xknlèo}k~ tfk

nfbggke`k~ tfk~k ~ot{btole~ zxk~ket alx akibgk Qlg{etkkx~ oe

^{xoebik bed pogg ~{``k~t pby~ tl fbedgk tfk ~ot{btole~ d{xoe`

zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe`%

Qlg{etkkx Nliiket~

‗Lek la tfk il~t doaaon{gt tfoe`~ tl bdm{~t tl fkxk o~ tfk

oekr{bgoty la nflxk~ alx ike bed plike% Plike bxk

kvzkntkd tl dl bgg tfk fl{~kflgd nflxk~ nbxk alx nfogdxke

bed plxc le abxi~ pfogk ike tked tl dl goiotkd abxioe`

f{etoe` bed ao~foe`% Latke plike pfl xknkoqk fkgz axli

tfkox f{~hbed~ bxk nle~odkxkd gb}y lx hbd poqk~%’

‗Il~t ekp Qlg{etkkx~ fbqk b fbxd toik potf tfk pby

plike bxk lhmkntoaokd% Nbtnbgg~ co~~oe` ~l{ed~ bed tfk

gock bxk kqkxydby lnn{xxkenk~ le tfk ~txkkt~ la Zbxbibxohl%

Bgtfl{`f yl{ ekqkx r{otk `kt {~kd tl ot yl{ gkbxe elt tl gkt

ot `kt tl yl{%’

‗ôe`gk plike pogg fbqk tl plxc b`boe~t tfk n{gt{xbg elxi=

Oa yl{ bxk ~oe`gk yl{ ~fl{gd hk ~kkcoe` b ibe% Plike tked

tl ‖tbck b ibe‟ kbxgokx fkxk tfbe oe Bikxonb bed ‖plxc‟ o~

elt xkbggy b gkòtoibtk xkb~le elt tl fbqk b ibe% Oe ~lik

nlii{eotok~ ot o~ elt {enliile tl fbqk i{gtozgk zbxtekx~%

‖El‟ ekkd~ tl hk aoxi bed xkzkbtkd%’




Zl~~ohgk O~~{k~ alx Qlg{etkkx~ la Nlglx

B~ tfk nl{etxy‟~ zlz{gbtole nle~o~t~ la ~kqkxbg doaakxket ktfeon

`xl{z~ tfk ^{xoebik~k fbqk b fo`f tlgkxbenk bed bnnkztbenkla ltfkx n{gt{xk~% Tfo~ dlk~ elt ikbe tfbt zklzgk pogg elt hk

n{xol{~ bhl{t yl{x hbnc`xl{ed bed bey qo~{bg doaakxkenk~%

Il~t Qlg{etkkx~ oe tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik zxl`xbi fbqk

hkke Nb{nb~obe% Hknb{~k la tfk qbxokty la ktfeon `xl{z~

xkzxk~ketkd oe ^{xoebik Baxonbe Bikxonbe~ B~obe Bikxonbe~

lx Fo~zbeon Bikxonbe~ iby hk ~kke b~ ^{xoebik~k% Oe ~lik

nb~k~ tfo~ nbe hk b hkekaot h{t ot nbe bg~l hk b ~l{xnk la

n{gt{xbg io~{edkx~tbedoe`~% Qlg{etkkx~ la nlglx alx kvbizgk

iby hk kvzkntkd tl oetkxbnt ~lnobggy potf ilxk kb~k kqke

tfl{`f tfky abnk tfk ~bik nfbggke`k~ oe gkbxeoe` ekp n{gt{xbg

elxi~ bed gbe`{b`k~%

Qlg{etkkx Nliiket

‗Lek la ^{xoebik‟~ ~txke`tf~ o~ tfk qbxokty la ktfeonotok~

xkzxk~ketkd% Pfogk xkgbtole~ bile` tfk qbxol{~ `xl{z~

bxk `kekxbggy `lld kbnf o~ fkbqogy ~tkxkltyzkd% Zklzgk

pogg b~~{ik tfbt yl{ bxk b ikihkx la lek la tfk `xl{z~

xkzxk~ketkd fkxk oe ^{xoebik oa yl{ bxk elt pfotk% Tfk

b~~{iztole o~ tfbt il~t Bikxonbe~ bxk pfotk% Zklzgk fbqk

el r{bgi~ bhl{t zloetoe` l{t doaakxkenk~ oe ~coe nlglx bedbzzgyoe` tfk glnbg ~tkxkltyzk%’

Zl~~ohgk O~~{k~ alx ^keolx Qlg{etkkx~

Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik fb~ hkke alxt{ebtk tl fbqk hltf

yl{e`kx bed lgdkx Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ ~kxqoe` oe tfk

nl{etxy ~oenk 2??;% B`k fb~ elt hkke b foedxbenk tl hkoe`

~{nnk~~a{g% Lgdkx Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ bxk elxibggy txkbtkd

potf ilxk xk~zknt b nliile zxbntonk oe ^{xoebik‟~ n{gt{xk%




Qlg{etkkx Nliiket

‗B`k o~ ~liktfoe` tl hk xk~zkntkd oe ^{xoebik ilxk ~l

tfbe oe Bikxonb% Kgdkx~ bxk elt kvzkntkd tl dl i{nf

zfy~onbg gbhlx pfonf iby hk ax{~txbtoe` alx Bikxonbe~ pfl

bxk {~kd tl hkoe` bntoqk% Ot o~ bg~l tl{`f bdm{~toe` tl goqk oe

tfk pby b qoggb`kx io`ft%’

Zl~~ohgk O~~{k~ alx @by' Gk~hobe' lx Ho~kv{bg Qlg{etkkx~

B~ tlgkxbet b~ tfk ^{xoebik~k bxk `kekxbggy ~zkbcoe` tfk

tlgkxbenk dlk~ elt kvtked tl zklzgk potf b doaakxket ~kv{bglxoketbtole% Oe tfk nbzotbg yl{ iby kenl{etkx oedoqod{bg~

pfl bxk `by lx gk~hobe h{t oe tfk x{xbg bxkb~ pfkxk il~t

Qlg{etkkx~ goqk flil~kv{bgoty bed ho~kv{bgoty bxk tbhll bed

zklzgk dl elt tbgc bhl{t tfki% Lzkegy flil~kv{bg Qlg{etkkx~

iby kenl{etkx doaaon{gtok~%

Qlg{etkkx Nliiket

‗Pfogk tfkxk o~ b ~ibgg `by nlii{eoty oe tfk nbzotbg

lzkegy `by zklzgk tked tl hk qkxhbggy fbxb~~kd% Bgtkxebtoqk

goak~tygk~ la bey coed bxk elt `kekxbggy bncelpgkd`kd lx

bnnkztkd oe x{xbg qoggb`k~% O fbqk hkke ~{xzxo~kd tl aoed tfbt

kqke bile` tfk il~t gohkxbg dkqkglziket lx`beo}btole~

~lnobg ~kxqonk lx`beo}btole~ bed fkbgtfnbxk zxlqodkx~ akbx

la bgtkxebtoqk goak~tygk~ o~ nliile%’

Zl~~ohgk Xkgoòl{~ O~~{k~ alx Qlg{etkkx~

B~ potf tfk i{gto)ktfeon doqkx~oty la ^{xoebik tfkxk bxk

bg~l b qbxokty la xkgoòl{~ hkgoka~ bed zxbntonk~% Pfktfkx lx

elt yl{ nfll~k tl `l tl b nf{xnf ibck~ gottgk doaakxkenk tl

^{xoebik~k% Flpkqkx yl{ pogg hk b~ckd bhl{t yl{x xkgoòl{~

hkgoka~ b~ tfo~ o~ be oizlxtbet zbxt la goak oe ^{xoebik% Bttkedoe` nf{xnf potf axoked~ bed nlii{eoty ikihkx~ o~ be

kvnkggket pby tl gkbxe ilxk bhl{t tfk n{gt{xk%




Qlg{etkkx Nliiket

‗^{xoebik fl~t~ ibey xkgoòle~= O~gbi Foed{o~i M{dbo~i

Nfxo~tobeoty H{ddfo~i bed txbdotolebg hkgoka ~y~tki~%

Zklzgk la doaakxoe` hkgoka~ tked tl nlkvo~t zkbnka{ggy%

[ealxt{ebtkgy ibey txbdotolebg ikdonoek~ bed n{gt{xbg

nkxkileok~ fbqk hkke gl~t b~ b xk~{gt la tfk oeag{v la

Pk~tkxe xkgoòle~ tl tfk oetkxolx la ^{xoebik% Bttkedoe` tfk

glnbg nf{xnf tkizgk lx il~r{k nbe hk b `lld pby tl ckkz

{z potf pfbt o~ `loe` le oe tfk qoggb`k kqke oa yl{ dl elt

b`xkk potf tfk xkgoòl{~ hkgoka~%’

Zl~~ohgk O~~{k~ alx Qlg{etkkx~ potf Do~bhogotok~

B~ b do~bhgkd Qlg{etkkx oe ^{xoebik yl{ iby aoed tfbt

yl{ abnk b ~zknobg ~kt la nfbggke`k~% Tfkxk bxk akp ~kxqonk~

bqbogbhgk alx zklzgk potf do~bhogotok~ oe tfk nbzotbg% Oe tfk aokgd

glnbg ~{zzlxt o~ gockgy tl hk oebdkr{btk tl bnnliildbtk b

zfy~onbggy nfbggke`kd Qlg{etkkx%

Tfbt ~bod b~ zbxt la tfk ikdonbg ngkbxbenk zxlnk~~ tfk Zkbnk

Nlxz~ Laaonk la Ikdonbg ^kxqonk~ dktkxioekd tfbt yl{ pkxk

zfy~onbggy bed kiltolebggy nbzbhgk potf lx potfl{t xkb~lebhgk

bnnliildbtole~ tl zkxalxi b a{gg tl{x la Qlg{etkkx ~kxqonk

oe ^{xoebik potfl{t {exkb~lebhgk xo~c la fbxi tl yl{x~kga

lx oetkxx{ztole la yl{x ~kxqonk% Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik ~tbaa pogg plxc potf do~bhgkd Qlg{etkkx~ tl ibck xkb~lebhgk

bnnliildbtole~ oe txboeoe` fl{~oe` mlh ~otk~ bed ltfkx bxkb~

tl kebhgk tfki tl ~kxqk ~bakgy bed kaakntoqkgy%




E L T K






AXKR[KETG_ B^CKD R[K^TOLE^

Flp i{nf g{``b`k bi O bgglpkd tl hxoe` tl ^{xoebik<

Il~t boxgoek~ fbqk hb``b`k ~o}k bed pko`ft goiot~ bed b~~k~~

nfbx`k~ alx txbe~zlxt la hb``b`k tfbt kvnkkd~ tfl~k goiot~%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ ot~ lpe ~o}k bed pko`ft goiot~ bed pogg

elt zby tfk nl~t la txbe~zlxt alx hb``b`k tfbt kvnkkd~ tfk~k

goiot~% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ bgglpbenk o~ tpl nfknckd zoknk~

la g{``b`k potf nlihoekd doike~ole~ la hltf zoknk~ elt tlkvnkkd 2:0 oenfk~ &gke`tf # podtf # fko`ft/ bed b nbxxy)le

hb` potf doike~ole~ la el ilxk tfbe 4; oenfk~% Nfknckd

hb``b`k ~fl{gd elt kvnkkd 6: zl{ed~ tltbg potf b ibvoi{i

pko`ft la ;: zl{ed~ alx bey lek hb`% Tbck qbg{bhgk otki~

oe yl{x nbxxy)le tl zxkqket tfkat ke xl{tk% ^fbxz lhmknt~

~fl{gd hk zgbnkd oe yl{x nfknckd hb`~ tl bqlod nleao~nbtole

bt ~kn{xoty nfknczloet~% Zgkb~k nfknc tfk Txbe~zlxtbtole^kn{xoty Bdioeo~txbtole &T^B/ pkh~otk alx b dktbogkd go~t la

zkxiottkd bed zxlfohotkd otki~ bt ppp%t~b%`lq%

Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx~ bxk elt bgglpkd tl tbck zkt~

pkbzle~ kvzgl~oqk~ xbdol txbe~iottkx~ &~flxtpbqk xbdol~

bxk zkxiottkd/ b{tlilhogk~ lx iltlxnyngk~ tl tfkox lqkx~kb~

b~~oèiket~% Dl elt zbnc agbiibhgk ibtkxobg~ lx gor{od~

~{nf b~ go`ftkx ag{od ngkbeoe` ~lgqket~ fbox ~zxby lx bkxl~lg

nletboekx~% Tfo~ o~ be oizlxtbet ~bakty zxknb{tole% Il~t

ago`ft~ tl ^{xoebik txbe~ot tfxl{`f Zlxt la ^zboe Txoeodbd%

Nbil{agb`k la bey tyzk o~ elt zkxiottkd% Ibck ~{xk tfbt bey

`bxiket~ txbqkg otki~ tllg~ lx ltfkx otki~ bxk elt oe yl{x

nbxxy)le hb`~% Oa yl{x hb`~ bxk ~kbxnfkd hy n{~tli~ laaonobg~

tfk otki~ pogg hk nleao~nbtkd%

Xkikihkx tfbt yl{ pogg ekkd tl tbck yl{x hb`~ tl yl{x ~otk

potf yl{% Fbxd ~{otnb~k~ nbe hk doaaon{gt tl txbe~zlxt le b h{~

lx hlbt%




Pfbt o~ tfk kgkntxon n{xxket oe ^{xoebik<

Hltf 22: qlgt~ 1: nyngk~ &tfk [%^% ~tbedbxd/ bed 88: qlgt~

nbe hk al{ed oe fl{~k~ oe ^{xoebik% &Latke tfk kgkntxonbgl{tgkt~ bxk qkxy ekbx tl kbnf ltfkx bed kb~ogy nlea{~kd ~l yl{

ekkd tl hk bpbxk la pfonf l{tgkt tl {~k%/ ^lik Qlg{etkkx~

fbqk kgkntxonoty oe tfkox fl{~k~3 tfl~k oe nlii{eotok~ potf

`kekxbtlx~ lx ~lgbx zbekg~ iby fbqk ot alx legy b akp fl{x~

b dby% Pk xknliiked tfbt yl{ hxoe` legy ~ibgg hbttkxy)

lzkxbtkd bzzgobenk~ tfbt nbe bg~l hk zg{``kd oe% îbgg

bdbztkx~ bxk ekkdkd alx [%^% zg{`~3 tfk~k bxk oekvzke~oqk bedkb~y tl z{xnfb~k oe ^{xoebik%

Flp i{nf ileky ~fl{gd O hxoe`<

Qlg{etkkx~ bxk kvzkntkd tl goqk bt tfk ~bik gkqkg b~ tfk zklzgk

oe tfkox nlii{eoty% _l{ pogg hk òqke b ~kttgoe`)oe bgglpbenk

bed b iletfgy bgglpbenk pfonf ~fl{gd nlqkx yl{x kvzke~k~%

Latke Qlg{etkkx~ po~f tl hxoe` bddotolebg ileky alx qbnbtole

txbqkg tl ltfkx nl{etxok~% Nxkdot nbxd~ bxk bnnkztkd bt b akp

fltkg~ oe tfk nbzotbg h{t nbe xbxkgy hk {~kd oe ltfkx glnbtole~

oe ^{xoebik% Ot o~ elt {enliile alx b hbec akk hktpkke

2 zkxnket bed ; zkxnket tl hk bddkd tl tfk bil{et la tfk

z{xnfb~k% Txbqkgkx‟~ nfknc~ bxk doaaon{gt tl nb~f h{t tfky bxk

fbedy pfke txbqkgoe` l{t~odk la ^{xoebik bed bxk kb~okx tl

xkzgbnk oa tfky bxk ~tlgke% Oa yl{ nfll~k tl hxoe` kvtxb ileky

hxoe` tfk bil{et tfbt pogg ~{ot yl{x lpe txbqkg zgbe~ bed

ekkd~%

Tl bqlod tfk xo~c la tfkat yl{ ~fl{gd elt hxoe` kvnk~~ nb~f lx

kvzke~oqk lx qbg{bhgk otki~% _l{ bxk zkx~lebggy xk~zle~ohgk

alx ~bak`{bxdoe` yl{x zkx~lebg nb~f goqoe` bed ltfkx

bgglpbenk~ zkx~lebg zxlzkxty bed Zkbnk Nlxz~ zxlzkxty oe

yl{x zl~~k~~ole% Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ el ikbe~ la ~bak`{bxdoe` yl{x zkx~lebg Otki~%




Pfke nbe O tbck qbnbtole bed fbqk zklzgk qo~ot ik<

Kbnf Qlg{etkkx bnnx{k~ tpl qbnbtole dby~ zkx iletf la

~kxqonk &kvng{doe` txboeoe`/% Tl ke~{xk tfbt bee{bg gkbqko~ be oetk`xbg zbxt la b Qlg{etkkx'~ ~kxqonk bee{bg gkbqk o~

do~nl{xb`kd d{xoe` tfk hkòeeoe` lx ked la ~kxqonk bed

~fl{gd elt hk tbcke d{xoe` tfk aox~t lx gb~t tfxkk iletf~ la

~kxqonk kvnkzt pfke tfk Nl{etxy Doxkntlx bzzxlqk~ gkbqk

{edkx ~zknobg noxn{i~tbenk~ lx oe nlem{entole potf be

b{tflxo}kd kikx`keny gkbqk% Zgkb~k oealxi yl{x Nl{etxy

Doxkntlx la qo~otlx~ ~oenk tfk laaonk iby ekkd tl celp tfkoxpfkxkbhl{t~ oe tfk kqket la be kikx`keny% Kvtkedkd qo~otlx

~tby~ bt yl{x ~otk bxk elt kenl{xb`kd bed xkr{oxk zkxio~~ole

axli yl{x Nl{etxy Doxkntlx% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ nbeelt zxlqodk

yl{x qo~otlx~ potf qo~b ikdonbg lx txbqkg b~~o~tbenk% Qo~otlx~

bxk bg~l kenl{xb`kd tl xkzlxt tl tfk Bikxonbe Kihb~~y alx

xkb~le~ la ~bakty bed ~kn{xoty%

Pogg iy hkgleòe`~ hk nlqkxkd hy oe~{xbenk<

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ dlk~ elt zxlqodk oe~{xbenk nlqkxb`k alx

zkx~lebg kaaknt~% Qlg{etkkx~ bxk {gtoibtkgy xk~zle~ohgk alx

tfk ~bakckkzoe` la tfkox zkx~lebg hkgleòe`~% Flpkqkx yl{

nbe z{xnfb~k zkx~lebg zxlzkxty oe~{xbenk hkalxk yl{ gkbqk%

Oa yl{ po~f yl{ iby nletbnt yl{x lpe oe~{xbenk nlizbey3

bddotolebggy oe~{xbenk bzzgonbtole alxi~ pogg hk zxlqodkd

oe tfk oeqotbtole cot bed bt ^tbòe` bed pk kenl{xb`k yl{

tl nle~odkx tfki nbxka{ggy% Ibey Qlg{etkkx~ dl dknodk tl

h{y oe~{xbenk zlgonok~ tl nlqkx kvzke~oqk otki~ ~{nf b~

nliz{tkx~ nbikxb~ bed ~{nf% Qlg{etkkx~ ~fl{gd elt ~foz

lx tbck qbg{bhgk otki~ lqkx~kb~% Mkpkgxy pbtnfk~ xbdol~

nbikxb~ bed kvzke~oqk bzzgobenk~ bxk ~{hmknt tl gl~~ tfkat

bed hxkbcb`k% Oe ibey zgbnk~ ~bto~abntlxy iboetkebenk bed

xkzbox ~kxqonk~ bxk elt bqbogbhgk%




Dl O ekkd be oetkxebtolebg dxoqkx‟~ gonke~k<

Qlg{etkkx~ oe ^{xoebik dl elt ekkd tl `kt be oetkxebtolebg

dxoqkx‟~ gonke~k hknb{~k tfky bxk zxlfohotkd axli lzkxbtoeìltlxo}kd qkfongk~% Il~t {xhbe txbqkg o~ hy h{~ lx tbvo%

X{xbg txbqkg iby oeng{dk xodoe` le hlbt~' boxzgbek~' h{~k~'

ioeoh{~k~' tx{nc~' bed pbgcoe`%

Pfbt ~fl{gd O hxoe` b~ òat~ alx ^{xoebik~k axoked~ bed iy

fl~t abiogy<

Tfo~ o~ elt b xkr{oxkiket' h{t oa yl{ po~f tl hxoe` ~liktfoe`'

b ~ibgg tlcke la axoked~foz pogg hk bzzxknobtkd% ^lik òat

~{``k~tole~ oeng{dk ceonccebnc~ alx tfk fl{~k3 zont{xk~'

hllc~' lx nbgkedbx~ la Bikxonbe ~nkek~3 ~l{qkeox~ axli yl{x

bxkb3 fbxd nbedok~ tfbt pogg elt ikgt lx ~zlog3 lx zfltl~ tl òqk

bpby%

Pfkxk pogg iy ~otk b~~oèiket hk pfke O aoeo~f txboeoe` bed

flp o~lgbtkd pogg O hk<

Oa akb~ohgk' yl{ pogg fbqk tfk lzzlxt{eoty tl zxlqodk oez{t

le yl{x ~otk zxkakxkenk~' oeng{doe` `kl`xbzfonbg glnbtole'

do~tbenk axli ltfkx Qlg{etkkx~' bed goqoe` nledotole~%

Flpkqkx' ckkz oe ioed tfbt ibey abntlx~ oeag{kenk tfk ~otk

~kgkntole zxlnk~~ bed tfbt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ nbeelt `{bxbetkk

zgbnkiket pfkxk yl{ pl{gd odkbggy gock tl hk% Il~t Qlg{etkkx~

goqk oe ~ibgg tlpe~ lx oe x{xbg qoggb`k~ bed bxk {~{bggy lek tl

tfxkk fl{x~ axli beltfkx Qlg{etkkx%

Flp nbe iy abiogy nletbnt ik oe be kikx`keny<

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ Laaonk la ^zknobg ^kxqonk~ &L^^/ zxlqodk~

b~~o~tbenk oe fbedgoe` kikx`kenok~ baakntoe` txboekk~ bed

Qlg{etkkx~ lx tfkox abiogok~% Hkalxk gkbqoe` tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~'

oe~tx{nt yl{x abiogy tl eltoay tfk L^^ oiikdobtkgy oa bekikx`keny bxo~k~' ~{nf b~ b ~kxol{~ oggek~~ lx dkbtf la b abiogy

ikihkx% Tfk e{ihkx alx tfk L^^ o~ 6::)484)6;6: kvtke~ole




240:% Alx ele)kikx`keny r{k~tole~' yl{x abiogy nbe `kt

oealxibtole axli yl{x nl{etxy dk~c ~tbaa bt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~

hy nbggoe` 6::)484)6;6:' kvtke~ole 8;2;' 8;21' lx 8;8;%

Nbe O nbgg flik axli ^{xoebik<

Oetkxebtolebg zflek ~kxqonk tl bed axli ^{xoebik o~ xkgbtoqkgy

`lld% Tfk ^{xoebik~k zflek nlizbey fb~ laaonk~ oe ibmlx

notok~ &o%k%' Zbxbibxohl' Hxlclzledl' Bghoeb' bed Eok{p

Eonckxok/' pfonf laakx doxknt goek~ tl tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~%

Bddotolebggy' yl{ iby hk bhgk tl nbgg tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ axli

~lik zxoqbtk zflek~ oe tfk ibmlx {xhbe bxkb~% Tfk zflek

nlizbey xknketgy oetxld{nkd nbggoe` nbxd~' pfonf nbe hk

{~kd potf hltf xk`{gbx zflek~ bed nkgg zflek~ alx glnbg bed

oetkxebtolebg nbgg~%

^fl{gd O hxoe` b nkgg{gbx zflek potf ik<

Zkbnk Nlxz~,^{xoebik pogg zxlqodk nkgg zflek~ tl tfl~k

Qlg{etkkx~ pfl~k ~otk~ fbqk nkgg{gbx ektplxc nlqkxb`k% Ot o~

elt xknliikedkd tfbt yl{ hxoe` yl{x lpe nkgg zflek' b~ elt

bgg nkgg zflek~ pogg plxc oe ^{xoebik% Tfky nbe hk z{xnfb~kd

glnbggy bed bxk xkgbtoqkgy oekvzke~oqk%

Pogg tfkxk hk k)ibog bed Oetkxekt bnnk~~<

^fl{gd O hxoe` iy nliz{tkx<

Tfkxk bxk e{ikxl{~ Oetkxekt nbaï~ oe Zbxbibxohl' Eok{pEonckxok' bed ltfkx ~kio){xhbe bxkb~% ^lik Qlg{etkkx~ bxk

zgbnkd bt ~otk~ pfkxk b nliz{tkx o~ elt eknk~~bxy alx tfkox

mlh% Bt ~lik ~otk~ b nliz{tkx nl{gd zxlqk ilxk la b foedxbenk

tfbe b fkgz% Tfbt ~bod' ibey Qlg{etkkx~ dl hxoe` gbztlz~ potf

tfki% Eltk tfbt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ nbeelt hk xk~zle~ohgk alx

bey gl~~' dbib`k' lx tfkat la nliz{tkx~ hxl{`ft hy Qlg{etkkx~%

Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ laaonk oe Zbxbibxohl zxlqodk~ nliz{tkx~potf Oetkxekt nleekntole oe tfk Qlg{etkkx Xk~l{xnk Nketkx%




Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ ~txont `{odkgoek~ xk`bxdoe` Qlg{etkkx)

nxkbtkd bed iboetboekd hgl`~ bed pkh~otk~% Tfk~k zlgonok~

bxk l{tgoekd oe tfk Qlg{etkkx Fbedhllc bed pogg hk xkqokpkdd{xoe` zxk)~kxqonk txboeoe`%

Oa yl{ fbqk bey ltfkx r{k~tole~ nletbnt yl{x nl{etxy dk~c

~tbaa bt Zkbnk Nlxz~ hy nbggoe` 6::)484)6;6: kvtke~ole 8;2;

8;21 lx 8;8;%




E L T K






PKGNLIK GKTTKX^ AXLI

^[XOEBIK QLG[ETKKX^Dkbx ^{xoebik Oeqotkk~

Pkgnlik tl ^{xoebik" Pkgnlik tl b gbed la oenxkdohgk

ebt{xbg hkb{ty potf ot~ aglpoe` xoqkx~ `xb~~gbed~ dkkz

`xkke xboealxk~t bed {eor{k n{gt{xbg doqkx~oty% Zkbnk Nlxz~

^{xoebik fb~ b xkgbtoqkgy yl{e` ~tbaa oe tkxi~ la hkoe` ekptl tfk laaonk fkxk% Tl`ktfkx potf b akp pfl fbqk ykbx~ la

kvzkxokenk bed b pkbgtf la celpgkd`k tfk ~tbaa o~ dogo`ketgy

plxcoe` tl ibck yl{x lpe kvzkxokenk b ~{nnk~~a{g bed

~bto~ayoe` lek% ^lle yl{ pogg mloe tfk ^{x28~ bed ^{x2>~

pfl bxk ~zxkbd l{t bxl{ed tfk nl{etxy oe tfk nbzotbg noty la

Zbxbibxohl oe do~txont xkòle~ potfoe ; fl{x~ la txbqkg tl tfk

nbzotbg bed tfk oetkxolx pfonf o~ xkbnfkd hy glnbg h{~ tx{nc

hlbt lx box txbe~zlxt% Tfkxk bxk bg~l tpl la {~ axli iy lpe

`xl{z ^{x22 xkiboeoe` fkxk oe ^{xoebik% ^lle O flzk

tfbt yl{ pogg bgg ~kk pfy tfk tpl la {~ fbqk kvtkedkd alx b

tfoxd ykbx bed pfy bgg la tfk ltfkx qlg{etkkx~ bed ~tbaa kemly

^{xoebik% Pk gllc alxpbxd tl ikktoe` yl{"

ôenkxkgy

—Mlk ^fbaaekx Zkbnk Nlxz~ Qlg{etkkx Nllxdoebtlx

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %Dkbx Zxl~zkntoqk Qlg{etkkx~

^{xoebik b gbed la kqkx)nfbeòe` abnk~ bt gkb~t ot o~ alx {~

b~ b ZN qlg{etkkx nl{zgk% Batkx legy al{x iletf~ oe)nl{etxy

kqkxy dby nletoe{k~ tl hk aoggkd potf ekp kvzkxokenk~% Tfk~k

kvzkxokenk~ bxk pfbt gle`)gb~toe` ikilxok~ bxk ibdk la „ tfk

zklzgk tfk n{gt{xk~ tfk gbe`{b`k~ tfk gbed~nbzk bgg nlioe`tl`ktfkx tl alxi tfk~k ikilxok~% Elt tl hk allgkd flpkqkx

tfkxk bxk bg~l ax{~txbtole~ bed glp toik~ „ toik~ pfkxk yl{

r{k~tole pfy% H{t o~e‟t tfbt al{ed oe beytfoe` tfbt yl{ dl<




Goak fkxk oe ^{xoebik o~ xonf oe kqkxy b~zknt= yl{ ibck ot pfbt

ot o~% _l{ dknodk" Alx {~ ot o~ ^{xoebik b zgbnk pfkxk pk bxk

ibcoe` gle`)gb~toe` ikilxok~ bed axoked~foz~%

ôenkxkgy

—Dbeey bed ^foxgky ^fkxxld

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Pkgcli oe ^xbebe"

Iy axoked~ axli Zfogbdkgzfob nl{gd fbxdgy hkgokqk tfbt tfk

òxg pfl lenk lpekd $8::: plxtf la ibck{z pb~ `loe` tl

goqk oe b f{t oe tfk Bib}le%

Ibck el io~tbck bhl{t ot3 yl{ pogg òqk {z b glt la tfk

nlialxt~ la flik pfke yl{ dknodk tl mloe Zkbnk Nlxz~

^{xoebik% _l{ pogg aoed yl{x~kga dyoe` alx ^tbxh{nc~ lx poggoe`

tl ~kgg yl{x ~l{g alx b hlttgk la nxbehkxxy m{onk% Flpkqkx batkx

b xknket txoz tl tfk ^tbtk~ tl bttked b pkddoe` O xkbgo}kd tfbt

O io~~kd m{~t b~ ibey tfoe`~ bhl{t ^{xoebik%

Fkxk oe ^{xoebik O goqk oe b ~ibgg bed o~lgbtkd Bikxoedobe qoggb`k la gk~~ tfke 2:: zklzgk% Tfk qoggb`k o~ flik tl tpl

tyzk~ la ktfeonotok~ tfk Bxxlpbc bed Nbxoh Oedobe~%

Bikxoedobe~ bxk ~tkxkltyzonbggy ~fy zklzgk bed ot tllc

b pfogk alx tfk cod~ tl pbxi {z tl ik h{t tldby tfky

~zked fl{x~ oe iy fl{~k nlglxoe` zgbyoe` `bik~ lx dloe`

flikplxc%

@kttoe` tl iy ~otk oeqlgqk~ tbcoe` b tflxl{`fgy hkbtke {z

h{~ tfbt x{e~ 1 toik~ b pkkc% Hxkbc dlpe~ bed ~txbedoe` bxk

nliile% Tfk txoz o~ beypfkxk axli 8 tl 1 fl{x~ dkzkedoe`

le tfk ~kb~le% O bg~l ekkd tl tbck b ibck~foat akxxy hlbt lx

nbelk bed O axkr{ketgy fbqk tl pbgc tfk 4 cogliktkx~ axli tfk

xoqkx tl iy fl{~k%

Iy fl{~k o~ qkxy zgboe% O fbqk b toe xlla bed plld hlbxd

pbgg~% O dle't fbqk x{eeoe` pbtkx h{t tfkxk o~ lnnb~olebg

kgkntxonoty% O nllc le b zxlzbek ~tlqk bed pb~f iy do~fk~ bedngltfk~ oe b m{e`gk nxkkc &le b pb~fhlbxd m{~t gock oe Gottgk

Fl{~k le tfk Zxboxok/%

Oe tfk kqkeoe` pfke tfk fkbt la tfk dby fb~ do~~ozbtkd O

`l l{t ml`òe` potf ~lik la tfk plike oe iy qoggb`k% Ot o~




nliile tl ~kk ilecky~ zbxxlt~ tbxbet{gb~ tl{nbe~ bed

kqke mb`{bx~ le l{x kqkeoe` x{e~%

Lqkx tfk gb~t ykbx bed b fbga O fbqk gkbxekd tl ~zkbc hltf

^xbebe Tle`l bed D{tnf% O fbqk bddkd tfk ~cogg (nbe h{ogd

tfbtnfkd xlla~( tl iy xk~{ik% O fbqk ibdk iy lpe txbdotolebg

nkxkileobg l{taot pfonf o~ tfk keqy la ibey la tfk plike oe

iy qoggb`k% O fbqk plxckd potf iy nlii{eoty tl ibck nb~oxo

&b txbdotolebg flikibdk gor{lx/ hbck nb~~bqb hxkbd bed

ngkbxkd b xk`{gbtole ~o}k allthbgg aokgd {~oe` legy ibnfktk~%

O fbqk gb{`fkd glqkd bed nxokd potf tfk plike ike bed

nfogdxke oe iy qoggb`k%Tfl{`f tfo~ xkiltk gottgk nlxekx la tfk plxgd nl{gde't hk

ilxk doaakxket axli tfk Zfogbdkgzfob O gkat hkfoed O bi elp

fbzzy tl nbgg ot flik%

—Cbt Kdpbxd~ ^[X 28

BCB ) M{e`gk Cbt

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Dkbx A{t{xk Qlg{etkkx~

Pfke O aox~t xknkoqkd tfk Pkgnlik Hllc O ~nl{xkd ot alx tfk

lenk zoknk la oealxibtole tfbt pl{gd xkedkx iy 8 ykbx tl{x b

~{nnk~~% Pb~ tfkxk ~lik `bd`kt O nl{gd h{y lx nletbnt O nl{gd

ibck< Batkx xkbdoe` tfk ?:# zb`k~ O xkbgo}kd tfbt oa O fbd

~oèkd {z alx tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ O hkttkx bgxkbdy fbqk ot bed ot

nkxtboegy nl{gde‟t hk z{xnfb~kd bt XKO%

Pfke yl{ bxxoqk yl{ pogg r{oncgy bdbzt tl tfo~ doqkx~k bed

hkb{toa{g nl{etxy bed pogg abgg oe glqk potf tfk xboealxk~t tfk

xoqkx~ bed tfk pogdgoak% [edl{htkdgy yl{ pogg hk zfy~onbggy

{enlialxtbhgk bt toik~ h{t tx{tf hk tlgd tfl~k bxke‟t tfk

il~t doaaon{gt iliket~% _l{ pogg kvzkxokenk n{gt{xbg bed

gbe`{b`k ax{~txbtole~ bed io~~ tfk kb~k bed kaaonokeny la tfk

[eotkd ^tbtk~% H{t tfke yl{ pogg ~ot hkekbtf tfk ~tbx~ potf

yl{x ekp qoggb`k axoked~ lx fbqk b gbe`{b`k hxkbctfxl{`f bedhk bhgk {edkx~tbed D{tnf bed yl{‟gg xkbgo}k tfbt bgg pogg hk

pkgg% Ot‟~ b pogd xodk h{t plxtf kqkxy ioe{tk%

O‟i m{~t ; iletf~ bgle` tfo~ nxb}y ml{xeky h{t O fbqk bgxkbdy

ibdk goak)gle` axoked~ bed fbqk nl{etgk~~ iliket~ tfbt O




pogg nbxxy potf ik alx tfk xk~t la iy goak zxlak~~olebggy bed

zkx~lebggy% Pk bxk bgg gllcoe` alxpbxd tl yl{x bxxoqbg oe Iby"

Tbck nbxk

—Gb{xke Elxxo~ ^[X 2>

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Pkgnlik A{t{xk Qlg{etkkx

O `l tl plxc axli 6 b%i% tl ; z%i% xkt{xe flik tl kbt

doeekx `l tl ~gkkz bt 2: z%i% bed dl ot b`boe tfk ekvt dby%

Pb~f Xoe~k Xkzkbt%%%tfbt'~ kvbntgy pfbt hkoe` b Qlg{etkkx

o~e‟t &yl{ nbe òqk b ~o`f la xkgoka elp/% H{t ot bg~l o~e‟t

~bqoe` f{edxkd~ la zklzgk‟~ goqk~ kqkxy dby% Ot‟~ ~likpfkxk

oe tfbt O)dode‟t)xkbggy)fkgz)yl{)bt)bgg ioddgk% Tfkxk o~ b glt la

plxc tl hk dlek bt iy ~otk oe Nlxleok h{t bgil~t kqkxytfoe`

xkqlgqk~ bxl{ed hkoe` b zbxt la tfk nlii{eoty% Nlxleok fb~

b qkxy ~ibgg zlz{gbtole bed yl{ xkbggy fbqk tl `kt l{t tfkxk

bed hk b zbxt la ot oa yl{ pbet tfk zklzgk tl hkgokqk bed tx{~t

oe yl{% Tfke tfoe`~ nbe xkbggy fbzzke% Tfk flek~t tx{tfo~ tfbt tfo~ nbe hk fbxd bt aox~t% _l{'xk tfk ekp zkx~le bed

yl{'xk Bikxonbe ~l tfky fbqk qkxy oetkxk~toe` kvzkntbtole~

la yl{% Lek la tfk aox~t `{y~ O ikt fkxk b~ckd ik tl zgby

~lik ‗Nbgoalxeob i{~on’ alx foi &el odkb pfbt tfbt o~/% Bg~l

kqkxylek ckkz~ b~coe` ik bhl{t ibcoe` zo}}b bed tkggoe` ik

flp xonf Bikxonb o~ &bzzbxketgy zgbyoe` ‗Nbgoalxeob i{~on’

kbtoe` zo}}b bed nl{etoe` l{x ileky o~ bgg pk dl pfkxk O'i

axli/% H{t ot nbe hk zxktty a{e do~zkggoe` tfkox odkb~ bhl{t yl{ bed ~flpoe` tfki pfl yl{ xkbggy bxk hknb{~k tfk zklzgk

fkxk bnt{bggy bxk qkxy bnnliildbtoe` nlialxtbhgk bed

zkx~lebhgk% Tfk gb~t tfoe` O pbetkd tl iketole o~ tfbt bgtfl{`f

ot nbe hk fbxd tl `kt bnn{~tlikd tl yl{x bxkb yl{ pogg ~lle

~kk ot b~ yl{x flik bed tfkxk o~ b nkxtboe ~ke~k la nlialxt oe

tfbt% Kvnkzt tfk il~r{otlk~% Tfl~k ~togg bxke't nlialxtoe`%

—Zxki D{xboxbm




E L T K






ZBNCOE@ GO^T

Tfo~ go~t fb~ hkke nlizogkd hy Qlg{etkkx~ ~kxqoe` oe ^{xoebik

bed o~ hb~kd le tfkox kvzkxokenk% [~k ot b~ be oealxibg `{odk

oe ibcoe` yl{x lpe go~t hkbxoe` oe ioed tfbt kqkxy Qlg{etkkx‟~

kvzkxokenk o~ {eor{k bed tfbt tfkxk o~ el zkxaknt go~t% _l{

lhqol{~gy nbeelt hxoe` kqkxytfoe` pk iketole ~l nle~odkx

tfl~k otki~ tfbt ibck tfk il~t ~ke~k tl yl{ zkx~lebggy bedzxlak~~olebggy% Tfk ~lxt la plxc yl{ kvzknt tl hk dloe`—oe hltf

yl{x laaonobg zxlmknt bed yl{x ~knledbxy zxlmknt~—~fl{gd hk

yl{x {gtoibtk `{odk% _l{ nbe bgpby~ fbqk tfoe`~ ~ket tl yl{ gbtkx%

^{xoebik fb~ b txlzonbg ngoibtk potf fo`f f{iodoty bed xboeabgg%

Tkizkxbt{xk~ xbe`k axli 1: tl 2:: dk`xkk~ Abfxkefkot bed

tked tl hk nllgkx oe tfk xboe alxk~t oetkxolx tfbe bgle` tfk nlb~t%

Tfk ngoibtk oe ^{xoebik nbe x{oe ~lik otki~ ~l dl elt hxoe`

tfoe`~ yl{ pl{gd hk fkbxthxlcke tl gl~k% Bgtfl{`f Qlg{etkkx~

bxk kvzkntkd tl zxlmknt b zxlak~~olebg oib`k bt bgg toik~ dxk~~

oe tfk nbzotbg la Zbxbibxohl o~ ilxk alxibg tfbe oe tfk oetkxolx

nlii{eotok~% Oe tfk nbzotbg Qlg{etkkx~ plxc oe laaonk ~kttoe`~

pfkxk ‗~ibxt nb~{bg’ bttoxk o~ bzzxlzxobtk &txl{~kx~ bed nlggbxkd

~foxt~ alx ike3 ~gbnc~ lx ~coxt~ bed hgl{~k~ alx plike/% Oe

tfk oetkxolx ngltfoe` qbxok~ dkzkedoe` le tfk n{gt{xk bed tfkglnbtole la tfk nlii{eoty% Ike tked tl pkbx zbet~ lx ~flxt~

potf T)~foxt~ lx ltfkx nb~{bg ~foxt~ bed ~bedbg~ lx agoz)aglz~

pfogk plike pkbx ~coxt~ potf T)~foxt~ lx ltfkx tlz~ bed ~bedbg~

lx agoz)aglz~%

Xkikihkx tfbt ^{xoebik o~ b xkgbtoqkgy zllx nl{etxy% Qlg{etkkx~

potf b glt la zl~~k~~ole~ pogg bzzkbx xonf tl ibey ^{xoebik~k%Ckkz oe ioed tfbt yl{ fbqk be 6:)zl{ed pko`ft goiot le

hb``b`k bed tfbt yl{ nbe `kt bgil~t kqkxytfoe` yl{ ekkd oe

^{xoebik%




@kekxbg Ngltfoe`

Ngltfoe` ~fl{gd hk ~t{xdy kb~ogy pb~fbhgk zkxibeket zxk~~

r{onc)dxyoe` bed ildk~t% Qlg{etkkx~ xknliiked tfbt yl{ txy

pb~foe` ngltfoe` bed pxoeòe` ot l{t hy fbed hkalxk zbncoe` tl

dktkxioek oa tfk ngltfoe` o~ ~{otbhgk% Dl elt hxoe` iogotbxy)~tygk

ngltfoe` lx nbil{agb`k `bxiket~%

Alx Ike

• Tpl zbox~ la plxc ~gbnc~3 nlttle bed cfbco bxk

zxkakxbhgk• Tpl zbox~ la nb~{bg ~gbnc~

• Tpl zbox~ la aboxgy gle` r{onc)dxyoe` pbgcoe` ~flxt~

• Aoqk ~flxt)~gkkqkd T)~foxt~

• Lek gle`)~gkkqkd T)~foxt &alx m{e`gk focoe`/

• Tfxkk tbec tlz~ &elt glp)n{t/

• Tpl nb~{bg ~foxt~ ioeoi{i &zxkakxbhgy ~flxt)~gkkqkdnlttle/

• Tpl h{ttle)dlpe ~flxt)~gkkqk dxk~~ ~foxt~

• Bzzxlzxobtk nllg ~lnc~ &tfoe zlgyzxlzygkek ~lnc~ plxc

pkgg potf x{hhkx hllt~/

• B `kekxl{~ ~{zzgy la kb~y)tl)pb~f {edkxpkbx

• Zlenfl lx xboenlbt &zlenfl~ bxk hkttkx tfbe xboenlbt~

b~ tfky zxlqodk nlqkxb`k alx `kbx bed baalxd `xkbtkx qketogbtole/

• Nbz lx fbt alx ~{e zxltkntole

• Go`ft mbnckt &lztolebg3 ^{xoebik‟~ ngoibtk o~ qkxy pbxi

h{t le xbxk eo`ft~ lx fo`fkx kgkqbtole~ ot nbe `kt nfoggy/

• Hbedbeb~ &bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik/

• Hkgt~ lx ~{~zkedkx~ &_l{x pko`ft iby ag{nt{btk d{xoe`

~kxqonk/

• Lek eknctok




Alx Plike

• Lek nb~{bg nlttle ~{edxk~~ &ioeoi{i/

• Lek dxk~~ ~{otbhgk alx b h{~oek~~ ikktoe` lx ZkbnkNlxz~ ~pkbxoe`)oe nkxkiley

• ^kqkxbg nb~{bg nlialxtbhgk ~coxt~

• Tpl zbox~ la ~flxt~ &elt tll ~flxt ildk~ty o~ oizlxtbet

oe oetkxolx nlii{eotok~

• Tpl hgl{~k~

• Zbmbib~ &go`ftpko`ft gle` zbet~ lx nbzxo~ bxk eonk oe

tfk kqkeoe`~/

• Aoqk T) ~foxt~ lx tbectlz~ &elt glp n{t/

• Zlenfl lx xboe mbnckt &zlenfl~ bxk hkttkx tfbe

xboenlbt~ b~ tfky zxlqodk nlqkxb`k alx `kbx bed baalxd

`xkbtkx qketogbtole/

• Nbz lx fbt alx ~{e zxltkntole

• Hbedbeb~ &bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik/

• B `kekxl{~ ~{zzgy la kb~y)tl)pb~f {edkxpkbx

oeng{doe` hxb~ &nlttle xknliikedkd/% ^t{xdy

{edkxpkbx o~ fbxd tl aoed oe ^{xoebik bed tfk r{bgoty

bed ~kgkntole o~ elt b~ qbxokd b~ oe tfk [%^% Nlttle

hgked~ bxk hkttkx tfbe ~yetfkton~% ^zlxt~ hxb~ bxk fo`fgy

xknliikedkd% Oe ~lik nlii{eotok~ Qlg{etkkx~ nbe

pkbx fbgtkx tlz~ lx ~zlxt~ hxb~ alx hbtfoe` bed ltfkx

oealxibg bntoqotok~%

• Lek lx tpl ~poi~{ot~ bed tpl lx tfxkk zbox~ la ~poi

~flxt~ &k%`% [ihxl~/% Oe ibey nlii{eotok~ oe tfk

oetkxolx hbtfoe` o~ dlek z{hgongy oe tfk xoqkx ~l ~{ot~

~fl{gd hk ildk~t% Bt ~lik ~otk~ plike iby hk

kvzkntkd tl pkbx go`ftpko`ft ~flxt~ lx ~bxle`~ &nbggkd

zbeò/ lqkx tfkox ~{ot~ tl nlqkx tfkox tfo`f~%




^flk~

• Lek zbox la ~t{xdy pbgcoe` lx focoe` hllt~

• Lek zbox la x{eeoe` lx tkeeo~ ~flk~ &oa yl{ zgbe tl x{elx zgby ~zlxt~/

• Lek zbox la nb~{bg ~flk~ alx plxc

• Tpl zbox la agoz)aglz~ lx ltfkx oealxibg ‗~gozzkx~’

&bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik/

• Lek zbox la ~t{xdy pbtkxzxlla ~bedbg~ potf ~txbz~

• Alx plike= Lek zbox la dxk~~ ~bedbg~ lx ~flk~ alx

~zknobg lnnb~ole~

Eltk bhl{t ~flk~= @lld ~t{xdy ~flk~ bxk kvzke~oqk le b

Zkbnk Nlxz~ h{d`kt% Oa yl{ pkbx ldd ~o}k~ &? lx bhlqk podk

lx ebxxlp/ yl{ pogg fbqk txl{hgk aoedoe` b `lld aot% Oekvzke~oqk

‗ab~fole’ ~bedbg~ bxk bh{edbet h{t {~{bggy pkbx l{t r{oncgy lx

iby hgo~tkx yl{x akkt%

Zkx~lebg Fyòkek bed Tlogktxy Otki~

• Alx plike tbizle~ &b goiotkd ~kgkntole o~ bqbogbhgk oe

tfk nbzotbg h{t tfky bxk kvzke~oqk/

• ^tbxt){z ~{zzgy la ~lbz ~fbizll dkldlxbet ktn%

• Ebog) bed allt)nbxk ~{zzgok~ hbtf ~nx{hhkx~ bed b

ildkxbtk bil{et la hkb{ty ~{zzgok~ iby fkgz yl{ akkgilxk nlialxtbhgk%

Cotnfke bed Fl{~kflgd Otki~

Qlg{etkkx~ xknkoqk a{ed~ tl z{xnfb~k cotnfke otki~ bed

ltfkx fl{~kflgd `lld~% Il~t fl{~kflgd otki~ bxk bqbogbhgk oe

Zbxbibxohl h{t oa yl{ kemly nllcoe` ot iby hk plxtfpfogk tlhxoe` ~t{xdy qkx~ole~ la yl{x abqlxotk nllcoe` ~{zzgok~%

• D{xbhgk nbe lzkekx

• @bxgon zxk~~




• @lld cotnfke ceoak

• ^kb~leoe` zbnckt~ &Tbnl ~kb~leoe` zb~tb ~b{nk~ `xbqy

ktn%/• ^zonk~ &glt~ la ~zonk~ bxk bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik h{t yl{

io`ft pbet tl hxoe` yl{x abqlxotk~ m{~t oe nb~k/

• @lld zltflgdkx~

Io~nkggbekl{~

• ^{e`gb~~k~

• Lek hbtf tlpkg bed pb~fngltf &bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik/

• Tpl agbt ~fkkt~ bed b ~kt la ~fkkt~ alx b dl{hgk hkd

• Zogglp bed zogglpnb~k&~/ &b ~ibgg txbqkg zogglp iby hk

kb~ok~t lx fbqk b zogglp ~fozzkd batkx yl{ ~pkbx)oe3

^{xoebik zogglp~ bxk ‗doaakxket’/

• ^t{xdy hbnczbnc lx d{aakg hb` alx lqkxeo`ft txoz~ lx

txbqkg la ~kqkxbg dby~ lx ilxk &Oa yl{ hxoe` b gbx`khbnczbncoe` hb`3 h{y b d{aakg hb` ho` kel{`f tl z{t ot

oe alx ago`ft~ bed ltfkx txbqkg% Ot bg~l zxlqk~ qkxy {~ka{g

pfke ilqoe` tl ~otk bed ~tlxoe` otki~

• Dby zbnc lx ~ibgg hbnczbnc

• îbgg ~fl{gdkx hb` alx dbogy {~k

• Oekvzke~oqk pbtkx)xk~o~tbet ~flnczxlla pbtnf

• Agb~fgo`ft lx fkbdgbiz alx hkdtoik xkbdoe` &hxoe` kvtxbhbttkxok~ oa tfk ~o}k o~ {e{~{bg lx fbxd tl aoed3 ~tbedbxd

hbttkxok~ bxk bqbogbhgk oe ^{xoebik/

• I{gtozgk){togoty zlncktceoak &o%k% ^po~~ Bxiy lx

Gkbtfkxibe)tyzk/

• îbgg txbqkg bgbxi nglnc potf kvtxb hbttkxok~

• Alx zxk~nxoztole kyk`gb~~ pkbxkx~ tpl zbox~ la

kyk`gb~~k~ bed yl{x zxk~nxoztole

• Alx nletbnt gke~ pkbxkx~ kvtxb zbox~ bed ngkbeoe`

~lg{tole~ &Nle~{gt tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ ikdonbg laaonkx

oe ^{xoebik bhl{t pkbxoe` nletbnt~3 tfky bxk elt



Z K B N K N L X Z ^?:

xknliikedkd hknb{~k la tfk doaaon{gty oe ckkzoe`

tfki ngkbe%/

• Tfxkk)iletf ~{zzgy la bey zxk~nxoztole dx{`~ yl{ tbck• ]ozglnc ~tlxb`k hb`~ oe b qbxokty la ~o}k~

Tfoe`~ _l{ Iby Hk @gbd _l{ Hxl{`ft

• Hbnc`biile nbxd~ bed ltfkx txbqkg `bik~

• Abqlxotk kd{nbtolebg hllc~ bed bntoqotok~ &k%`% zont{xk

dontolebxy/% Tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ Xk~l{xnk Nketkx nletboe~

ibey hllc~ bed ltfkx ibtkxobg~ xkgbtkd tl Zkbnk Nlxz~zxlmknt~ bed dkqkglziket oe `kekxbg3 flpkqkx oa tfkxk

bxk xkakxkenk ibtkxobg~ yl{ akkg bxk k~~ketobg tl yl{x

mlh yl{ ~fl{gd hxoe` tfki potf yl{%

• Aontole hllc~ lx ltfkx zkx~lebg xkbdoe` ibtkxobg~% Zkbnk

Nlxz~ fb~ be l{t~tbedoe` Qlg{etkkx gkedoe` gohxbxy oe

Zbxbibxohl%

• Abqlxotk xknozk~ lx nllchllc &Zkbnk Nlxz~ fb~ bnllchllc hy Qlg{etkkx~%/

• Doòtbg nbikxb &>;ii aogi o~ kvzke~oqk tl h{y bed

dkqkglz le b Zkbnk Nlxz~ h{d`kt% ^lik Qlg{etkkx~

ibog tfkox aogi hbnc tl tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ alx zxlnk~~oe`%

Xkikihkx tfbt kvzke~oqk otki~ ~{nf b~ zfltl`xbzfy

kr{oziket nl{gd hk ~tlgke lx hk doaaon{gt tl xkzbox%/

• Ml{xebg• Zfltl~ la abiogy bed axoked~ bed abqlxotk zgbnk~ oe tfk

[eotkd ^tbtk~ &^{xoebik~k bed ltfkx Qlg{etkkx~ glqk tl

gllc bt zont{xk~/

• Zlxtbhgk i{~on zgbykx &potf lx potfl{t ~zkbckx~ bed

bdbztkx/

• ^flxtpbqk xbdol

• Ldd)~o}k xkzgbnkiket hbttkxok~ &k%`% pbtnf nbikxbgotfo{i/

• Xknfbx`kbhgk hbttkxok~ bed nfbx`kx



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ?2

• ôizgk tllg ~kt

• D{nt tbzk

• Plxc lx `bxdkeoe` `glqk~• îbgg ~kpoe` cot

• ^tbxt){z ~{zzgy la ~tbtolekxy zke~ ktn%

• îbgg zbddkd ibogoe` keqkglzk~

• [%^% ~tbiz~ alx ibogoe` gkttkx~ hy zklzgk txbqkgoe` tl tfk

[eotkd ^tbtk~

• Go`ftpko`ft btgb~ bed n{xxket bgibebn

• I{~onbg oe~tx{iket~

• ^tboe xkilqkx





B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ?>

ZXK)DKZBXT[XK NFKNCGO^T

Tfk algglpoe` go~t nle~o~t~ la ~{``k~tole~ alx yl{ tl nle~odkx

b~ yl{ zxkzbxk tl goqk l{t~odk tfk [eotkd ^tbtk~ alx tpl ykbx~%

Elt bgg otki~ pogg hk xkgkqbet tl kqkxylek bed tfk go~t dlk~

elt oeng{dk kqkxytfoe` yl{ ~fl{gd ibck bxxbe`kiket~ alx%

Abiogy

❘ Eltoay abiogy tfbt tfky nbe nbgg tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ Laaonk

la ^zknobg ^kxqonk~ bt bey toik oa tfkxk o~ b nxotonbg

oggek~~ lx dkbtf la b abiogy ikihkx &tkgkzflek e{ihkx=

6::%484%6;6: kvtke~ole 240:3 batkx)fl{x~ d{ty laaonkx=

8:8%1>6%8;04/%

❘ @oqk tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ Le tfk Flik Axlet fbedhllc tl

abiogy bed axoked~%

Zb~~zlxt,Txbqkg

❘ Alxpbxd tl tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ txbqkg laaonk bgg zbzkxplxc

alx tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ zb~~zlxt bed qo~b~%

❘ Qkxoay tfbt g{``b`k ikkt~ tfk ~o}k bed pko`ft goiot~ alx

oetkxebtolebg txbqkg%

❘ Lhtboe b zkx~lebg zb~~zlxt oa yl{ zgbe tl txbqkg batkx yl{x ~kxqonk ked~% &_l{x Zkbnk Nlxz~ zb~~zlxt pogg

kvzoxk tfxkk iletf~ batkx yl{ aoeo~f yl{x ~kxqonk ~l

oa yl{ zgbe tl txbqkg gle`kx yl{ pogg ekkd b xk`{gbx

zb~~zlxt%/

Ikdonbg,Fkbgtf

❘ Nlizgktk bey ekkdkd dketbg bed ikdonbg plxc%

❘ Oa yl{ pkbx `gb~~k~ hxoe` tpl zbox~%

❘ Bxxbe`k tl hxoe` b tfxkk)iletf ~{zzgy la bgg

ikdonbtole~ &oeng{doe` hoxtf nletxlg zogg~/ yl{ bxk

n{xxketgy tbcoe`%



Z K B N K N L X Z ^?4

Oe~{xbenk

❘ Ibck bxxbe`kiket~ tl iboetboe goak oe~{xbenk nlqkxb`k%

❘ Bxxbe`k tl iboetboe ~{zzgkiketbg fkbgtf nlqkxb`kpfogk yl{ bxk bpby% &Kqke tfl{`f tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ o~

xk~zle~ohgk alx yl{x fkbgtfnbxk d{xoe` Zkbnk Nlxz~

~kxqonk lqkx~kb~ ot o~ bdqo~bhgk alx zklzgk pfl fbqk

zxkkvo~toe` nledotole~ tl bxxbe`k alx tfk nletoe{btole

la tfkox ~{zzgkiketbg fkbgtf nlqkxb`k% Oa tfkxk o~ b

gbz~k oe nlqkxb`k ot o~ latke doaaon{gt bed kvzke~oqk tl

hk xkoe~tbtkd%/

❘ Bxxbe`k tl nletoe{k Ikdonbxk nlqkxb`k oa bzzgonbhgk%

Zkx~lebg Zbzkx~

❘ Hxoe` b nlzy la yl{x nkxtoaonbtk la ibxxob`k lx doqlxnk%

Qltoe`❘ Xkò~tkx tl qltk oe tfk ~tbtk la yl{x flik la xknlxd%

&Ibey ~tbtk {eoqkx~otok~ nle~odkx qltoe` bed zbyiket

la ~tbtk tbvk~ b~ kqodkenk la xk~odkenk oe tfbt ~tbtk%/

❘ Lhtboe b qltkx xkò~txbtole nbxd bed tbck ot potf yl{

lqkx~kb~%

❘ Bxxbe`k tl fbqk be bh~ketkk hbgglt alxpbxdkd tl yl{

lqkx~kb~%

Zkx~lebg Kaaknt~

❘ Z{xnfb~k zkx~lebg zxlzkxty oe~{xbenk tl kvtked axli

tfk toik yl{ gkbqk yl{x flik alx ~kxqonk lqkx~kb~ {etog

tfk toik yl{ nlizgktk yl{x ~kxqonk bed xkt{xe tl tfk

[eotkd ^tbtk~%



B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ?;

Aoebenobg Ibeb`kiket

❘ Lhtboe ~t{dket glbe dkakxiket alxi~ axli tfk gkedkx lx

glbe ~kxqonk%❘ Kvkn{tk b zlpkx la bttlxeky alx tfk ibeb`kiket la

yl{x zxlzkxty bed h{~oek~~%

❘ Bxxbe`k alx dkd{ntole~ axli yl{x xkbdm{~tiket

bgglpbenk tl zby bgoiley nfogd ~{zzlxt bed ltfkx

dkht~ tfxl{`f tfk Laaonk la Qlg{etkkx Aoebenobg

Lzkxbtole~ bt 6::%484%6;6: kvtke~ole 200:%

❘ Zgbnk bgg oizlxtbet zbzkx~—ilxt`b`k~ dkkd~ ~tlnc~bed hled~—oe b ~bak dkzl~ot hlv lx potf be bttlxeky lx

ltfkx nbxktbckx%





B P K G N L I K H L L C ° ^ [ X O E B I K ?0

NLETBNTOE@ ZKBNK NLXZ^

FKBDR[BXTKX^Tfk algglpoe` go~t la e{ihkx~ pogg fkgz yl{ nletbnt tfkbzzxlzxobtk laaonk bt Zkbnk Nlxz~ fkbdr{bxtkx~ potf qbxol{~r{k~tole~% _l{ iby {~k tfk tlgg)axkk e{ihkx bed kvtke~olelx dobg doxkntgy {~oe` tfk glnbg e{ihkx~ zxlqodkd% Hk ~{xk tlgkbqk tfk Zkbnk Nlxz~ tlgg)axkk e{ihkx bed kvtke~ole~ potf

yl{x abiogy ~l tfky fbqk tfki oe tfk kqket la be kikx`keny

d{xoe` yl{x ~kxqonk lqkx~kb~%

Zkbnk Nlxz~ Fkbdr{bxtkx~Tlgg)axkk E{ihkx= 6::%484)6;6:' Zxk~~ 8' tfke

Kvt% . &~kk hkglp/

Zkbnk Nlxz~‟ Ibogoe` Bddxk~~= Zkbnk Nlxz~Zb{g D% Nlqkxdkgg Zkbnk Nlxz~

Fkbdr{bxtkx~

2222 8:tf ^txkkt' EPPb~foe`tle' DN 8:;81

Alx Doxknt,R{k~tole~ Tlgg)axkk GlnbgBhl{t= ^tbaa Kvtke~ole E{ihkx

Xk~zledoe` tl Laaonk la

be Oeqotbtole Zgbnkiket

Oetkx)Bikxonbbed Zbnoaon Kvt% 26>; 8:8%1?8%26>;

Zxl`xbiioe` lx Dk~c Laaonkx Kvt% 8;2; 8:8%1?8%8;2;Nl{etxy Oealxibtole K)ibog= ~{xoebikJ

zkbnknlxz~%`lq

Dk~c B~~o~tbet Kvt% 8;21 8:8%1?8%8;21K)ibog= ~{xoebikJzkbnknlxz~%`lq

Dk~c B~~o~tbet Kvt% 8;8; 8:8%1?8%8;8;K)ibog= ~{xoebikJzkbnknlxz~%`lq



Z K B N K N L X Z ^?6

Alx Doxknt,R{k~tole~ Tlgg)axkk Glnbg

Bhl{t= ^tbaa Kvtke~ole E{ihkx

Zgbek Tonckt~' Txbqkg Laaonkx Kvt% 220: 8:8%1?8%220:Zb~~zlxt~' &^btl Txbqkg/Qo~b~' lx LtfkxTxbqkg Ibttkx~

Gk`bg Ngkbxbenk Laaonk la Kvt% 264; 8:8%1?8%264;Zgbnkiket

Ikdonbg Ngkbxbenk ^nxkkeoe` E{x~k Kvt% 2;:: 8:8%1?8%2;::bed Alxi~ Zxlnk~~oe`

&oeng{doe` dketbg/

Ikdonbg Fbedgkd hy bXkoih{x~kiket~ ^{hnletxbntlx 6::%;44%26:8

Glbe Dkakxiket~' Qlg{etkkx Kvt% 200: 8:8%1?8%200:Tbvk~' Xkbdm{~tiket AoebenobgBgglpbenk Potfdxbpbg~' Lzkxbtole~Zlpkx la Bttlxeky

^tbòe` &Zxk)dkzbxt{xk Laaonk la ^tbòe` Kvt% 261; 8:8%1?8%261;Lxoketbtole/ bedXkzlxtoe` Oe~tx{ntole~

Eltk= _l{ pogg xknkoqknlizxkfke~oqk oealxibtole&fltkg bed ago`ft bxxbe`k)iket~/ > tl ; pkkc~hkalxk dkzbxt{xk% Tfo~ oe)alxibtole o~ elt bqbogbhgk

~llekx%

Abiogy Kikx`kenok~ Laaonk la ^zknobg Kvt% 240: 8:8%1?8%240:&tl `kt oealxibtole tl ^kxqonk~ &84)fl{x~/

b Qlg{etkkx lqkx~kb~/



Documents

Peace Corps Suriname Welcome Book | March 2008