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]ai Aiojta
ch tai
Xcju`tiir
;442
Tioei Ecrps − Chei ch Gimbeoj Uirvbeis
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Tioei Ecrps Chhb ei ch Gimbeoj Uirvbeis, Ipbmigbc jcny o`m
Uurvibjjo`ei Y`bt, ???? ;4ta
Ut @^, ^osab`ntc` ME, ;49;8
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir;442
O``uoj [ipcrt ch Xcju`tiir
Aiojta SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
]okji ch Ec`ti`ts Ec`trbkutcrs
B`trcmuetbc`Moto
..................................................................
;Hiimkoel
..........................................................
5
;442 Abnajbnats@ctokji
.............................................................
=
Gcst ecggc` ec`mbtbc`s ..................................
9Ec`mbtbc`s wbta sbn`bhbeo`t roti mbhhiri`eis ......
9B`hietbcus ec`mbtbc`s
......................................... 8
@c`b`hietbcus ec`mbtbc`s……………………… ?=Tri- o`m pcst-sirvbei
........................................ ;?
Oppi`mbeis O6 Ipbmigbcjcnbe survibjjo`ei ripcrt hcrg
........ ;5K6 Tioei Ecrps Ecu`trbis o`m [inbc`s ...........
;=E6 ]okjis
..........................................................
;8M6 Ecu`try-spiebhbe moto…………………………;2
Ecggc` Oerc`ygs o`m Mihb`btbc`s........=?
Uukfiet
B`mix..........................................=;
Tioei Ecrps Gimbeoj Chhbeirs^crjmwbmi
Mbel Ko`lsUurvibjjo`ei o`m ]roelb`n Eccrmb`otcr
Gyr`o Eaorjis, MC, GKO, GTAEabih, Ipbmigbcjcny o`m Uurvibjjo`ei
Y`bt
Fo`it Jomm, [@Tri-Uirvbei Y`bt Go`onir
Lorcj Muhhy, [@, GUHbijm Uuppcrt Go`onir
Mbo`o Fca`sc`, [@, GU@Tcst-Uirvbei Go`onir
]bgctay Jowjir, TaM, GTAChhbei ch Upieboj Uirvbeis
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;
B`trcmuetbc`
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir bs o`
o``uoj ripcrt prcmueim ky tai Ipbmigbcjcny o`m
Uurvibjjo`ei Y b̀tch Tioei Ecrps‒ Chhbei ch Gimbeoj Uirvbeis
(CGU).]abs ripcrt prcvbmis b`hcrgotbc` c` aiojta ec`mbtbc`s
ixpirbi`eim ky Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs, Tioei Ecrps[ispc`si
Xcju`tiirs, o`m trob`iis murb`n tai eoji`moryior o`m bs b`ti`mim
hcr usi ky Tioei Ecrps gimbeojchhbeirs (TEGCs), Xcju`tiirs, o`m
oni`ey stohh.
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442 rihjiets CGU‒gbssbc`
tc gc`btcr o`m ivojuoti tri`ms b` njckoj o`mrinbc`oj aiojta
ec`mbtbc`s ogc`n Tioei EcrpsXcju`tiirs o`m trob`iis. ]abs vcjugi
b`ejumis ;442abnajbnats, ojc`n wbta mitobjs rihjietb`n ioea
ripcrtimec`mbtbc` o`m ivi`t. Oppi`mbeis aovi ixti`mimhbnuris,
tokjis, o`m ecu`try-spiebhbe moto.
]ai ripcrt bs misbn`im tc hoebjbtoti tai imueotbc` o`mtrob`b`n
ch Xcju`tiirs o`m stohh o`m tc aijp i`ao`ei privi`tbc`
ihhcrts. ]abs vcjugi, ommbtbc`oj tokjis, o`m privbcus ripcrts
goy ki oeeissim vbo tai Tioei EcrpsB`tro`it c` tai Ipbmigbcjcny
poni.
Moto
Moto scureis
B`hcrgotbc` usim tc pripori tabs ripcrt eogi hrcgTEGCs tarcuna
gc`tajy Ipbmigbcjcnbe Uurvibjjo`eiUystig (IUU) ripcrts (Oppi`mbx
O). Oeecggcmotbc`moto wiri ecjjietim ky tai CGU Tri-Uirvbei
Y`bt.Tcst-sirvbei ejobgs moto wiri prcvbmim tarcuna taiCGU
Tcst-Uirvbei Y b̀t. B`hcrgotbc` c` gi`tojaiojta ec`sujtotbc`s wos
ecjjietim ky tai Chhbei chUpieboj Uirvbeis (CUU).
]arcunacut tabs mceugi`t tai tirg ‚Xcju`tiir‗b`ejumis Tioei
Ecrps Xcju`tiirs o`m trob`iis, os wijjos Tioei Ecrps [ispc`si
Xcju`tiirs.
Moto o`ojysbs
B`ebmi`ei [otis
B`ebmi`ei bs tai `ugkir ch `iw eosis ch o mbsiosi crec`mbtbc`.
B`ebmi`ei roti bs tai prcpcrtbc` ch `iweosis wbtab` tai pcpujotbc`
ot rbsl.
B` ]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir , b`ebmi`ei rotis
oriixprissim pir ?44 Xcju`tiir yiors (X] yiors). ]aisi
rotis ori eojeujotim ky mbvbmb`n tai `ugkir ch `iweosis ch
mbsiosi b` o yior ky tai X] yior ecu`t o`mtai` gujtbpjyb`n ky
?44.
[oti b` 7 ( @ugkir ch `iw eosis ch mbsiosi )X] yiors ∟
( ]bgi ioea Xcju`tiir )
x ?44
sirvim b` yiors
Xcju`tiir Riors
Xcju`tiir yiors (X] yiors) toli b`tc oeecu`t kcta tai`ugkir ch
Xcju`tiirs o`m tai ji`nta ch tbgi ioeaXcju`tiir sirvim. Ub`ei
Xcju`tiirs goy sirvi jisstao` o hujj eoji`mor yior, ecu`tb`n X]
yiors bs gcrioeeuroti tao` ecu`tb`n b`mbvbmuoj Xcju`tiirs.
Higoji Xcju`tiir Riors
[otis hcr prin`o`ey, ny`iecjcnbeoj b`hietbc`s, o`m
ecjpcsecpbis ori nbvi` pir ?44 higoji X] yiors.Ub`ei taisi
ec`mbtbc`s ohhiet c`jy higojis, gojiXcju`tiirs aovi kii` ixejumim
hrcg tai mi`cgb`otcrb` taisi eojeujotbc`s.
]ri`m jb`is
Hbnuris taot sacw b`ebmi`ei rotis cvir tbgi mbspjoytri`m jb`is
tc igpaosbzi ti`mi`ebis b` moto mbrietbc`.Ecggi`eb`n b` ;44>,
tri`m jb`is wiri tistim hcr fcb`scr pjoeis wairi tai moto tri`ms
sacw o sbn`bhbeo`tmbrietbc` eao`ni.
]ri`mjb`is wiri eriotim usb`n Fcb`pcb`t, o prcnroghriijy
ovobjokji hrcg tai @otbc`oj Eo`eir B`stbtuti.B`hcrgotbc` c` tabs
gitacm bs ovobjokji otattp6//srok.eo`eir.ncv/fcb`pcb`t.
Jbgbtotbc`s
]airi ori siviroj jbgbtotbc`s tc tai b`hcrgotbc` prisi`tim
b` tabs ripcrt. Bh Xcju`tiirs mc `ct siilaiojta eori hrcg tai TEGC,
tai `ugkir ch ripcrtimeosis goy `ct rihjiet tai oetuoj kurmi` ch
mbsiosi. @ct ojj ec`mbtbc`s eo` ki priebsijy ec`hbrgim, scscgi
ripcrtim eosis goy ki gbsejossbhbim.
B`ebmi`ei rotis kosim c` sgojj `ugkirs ch eosis(;4 cr jiss)
sacujm ki b`tirpritim wbta eoutbc` sb`ei oeao`ni ch o hiw eosis eo`
prcmuei o jorni eao`ni b`roti. Gcst ecu`try-spiebhbe rotis hojj
b`tc tabseotincry. B` tai hbnuris prcvbmim, ecu`ts ori nbvi`
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
5
b`stiom ch rotis wai` tai `ugkir ch eosis b` c`i crgcri
eotincrbis bs jiss tao` ;4.
;442 Eao`nis
Eao`nis tc Tioei Ecrps Ecu`trbis
Tioei Ecrps sirvim b` 8> pcsts b` ;442 (Oppi`mbx K).Murb`n
tai yior, c`i pcst ([wo`mo) cpi`im b` Fo`uoryo`m c`i pcst (Nicrnbo)
ri-cpi`im b` Fu`i. ]arii pcstswiri suspi`mim6 Gomonoseor hrcg Oprbj
tarcunaCetckir, Gourbto`bo b` Ounust o`m Nub`io b` Cetckir.
Trcnrogs taot ejcsi murb`n tai eoji`mor yior prcvbmimoto c`jy
hcr tai gc`tas murb`n wabea taiy wiricpirotbc`oj. B`ebmi`ei moto
hcr taisi pcsts sacujm kib`tirpritim eoutbcusjy.
Eao`nis tc ]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir [ipcrt
Ecggi`eb`n wbta ]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju t̀iir
;442ripcrt, tai gitacm hcr eojeujotb`n gojorbo-rijotim rotisaos
kii` eao`nim.
Gojorbo Xcju`tiir Riors
[otis hcr gojorbo (ky typi), gojorbo (ky prcpayjoxbs),o`m
ovironi gc`tajy o`tbgojorbo eaigcprcpayjoxbsori nbvi` pir ?44
gojorbo X] yiors. ]aisi ec`mbtbc`sc`jy ohhiet Xcju`tiirs b`
ecu`trbis wbta i`migbegojorbo< tairihcri, Xcju`tiirs sirvb`n b`
`c`gojorbojecu`trbis aovi kii` ixejumim hrcg tai mi`cgb`otcr
b`taisi eojeujotbc`s. ]abs eao`ni aos risujtim
b`gojorbo-rijotim rotis b` ;442 kib`n ortbhbebojjy b`hjotimecgporim
tc privbcus yiors‒ rotis.
Oppi`mbx E6 Tioei Ecrps Ecu`trbis wbta I`migbeGojorbo, ky [inbc`
b` ;442, aos kii` ommim tc tairipcrt. ]abs tokji mipbets ecu`trbis
wbta gojorboi`migbe tc ibtair ports cr tai wacji ecu`try osripcrtim
ky tai Ei`tirs hcr Mbsiosi Ec`trcj &Trivi`tbc` (EME).
Hiimkoel
Ecggi`ts c` tai ec`ti`t ch tabs ripcrt o`msunnistbc`s tc i`ao`ei
bts usihuj`iss, ispiebojjy os otrob`b`n tccj hcr Xcju`tiirs, ori
i`ecuronim. Tjiosimbriet hiimkoel tc Mr. Gyr`o Eaorjis b`
taiIpbmigbcjcny o`m Uurvibjjo`ei Y`bt otgeaorjisDpioeiecrps.ncv cr
;4;.82;.?9?>.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
=
;442 Abnajbnats
@ctokji
B`eriosi b` Mi`nui [otis (poni >)
[ipcrtim eosis ch mi`nui b` ;442 wiri nriotir tao`tai ovironi
`ugkir ch eosis pir yior ripcrtim murb`n;44?-;441 (gio`6 2; eosis).
C`i au`mrim o`m c`ieosis ch mi`nui wiri ripcrtim b` ;442 hcr o roti
ch ?.=eosis pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs riprisi`ts o >9 pirei`trbsi
b` mi`nui b`hietbc`s hrcg tai privbcus yior.
B`eriosi b` Turbhbim Trctib` Mirbvotbviec`virsbc` roti b` BOT
(poni ?5)
]ai purbhbim prctib` mirbvotbvi (TTM) slb` tist bs usimtc mitiet
ixpcsuri tc tukireujcsbs.
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai TTM tist ec`virsbc` rotiogc`n Xcju`tiirs
b` tai BOT rinbc` b`eriosim ky ??> pirei`t, hrcg 4.8 tc ?.=
pir ?44 X] yiors (?8 tc 55eosis). ]ai Mcgb`beo` [ipukjbe o`m
Nuotigojoripcrtim sbn`bhbeo`t b`eriosis b` tai `ugkir chec`virsbc`s
ogc`n Xcju`tiirs. IGO o`m Ohrbeorinbc`s aom o mieriosi b`
eosis.
B`eriosi b` Uixuojjy ]ro`sgbttim Mbsiosi rotib` IGO (poni
?5)
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai sixuojjy tro`sgbttim mbsiosi(U]M) roti b`
IGO b`eriosim ky 2? pirei`t, hrcg ;.;tc =.; pir ?44 X] yiors (=1 tc
1> eosis). ]ai jornistb`eriosi murb`n tabs pirbcm wos sii` b`
[cgo`bo, hrcgc`i tc ?> eosis (4.8 tc ?5.5 pir ?44 X] yiors).
Ub`ei ?222, tai cvirojj roti ch U]M ogc`n Xcju`tiirsaos
b`eriosim ? pirei`t pir yior.
Utokbjbzotbc` ch Ojecacj-rijotim Trckjigs(poni ?9)
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai roti ch ripcrtim ojecacj-rijotim prckjigs
rigob`im rijotbvijy u`eao`nim b` taitarii rinbc`s. ]ai rotis ch
ripcrtim ojecacj-rijotimb`ebmi`ts mieriosim b` IGO o`m Ohrbeo
rinbc`s, hrcg?.8 tc ?.= eosis o`m 4.2 tc 4.1 eosis pir ?44 X]
yiors,rispietbvijy. Ub`ei ;44;, tai roti ch ripcrtim prckjigsaos
mieriosim o` ovironi ch > pirei`t pir yior.
Mieriosi b` I`vbrc`gi`toj Aiojta Ec`eir`srotis (poni
?8)
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, ripcrts ch i`vbrc`gi`toj aiojtaec`eir`s
mieriosim ky =; pirei`t, hrcg o roti ch 5.5tc ?.2 eosis pir ?44 X]
yiors, (;=2 tc ?52 ripcrtimec`eir`s.) IGO o`m BOT rinbc`s kcta
mceugi`timsbn`bhbeo`t mieriosis b` tai `ugkir ch
i`vbrc`gi`tojaiojta ec`eir`s rijoyim ky Xcju`tiirs.
Mieriosi b` Y`b`ti`tbc`oj B`furbis (poni ?>)
]ai u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`fury roti b` ;442 wos ?9.1 b`furbis pir
?44 X] yiors. ]abs bs o sjbnat rimuetbc` hrcg;441 (?8.4 eosis pir
?44 X] yiors). ]ai abnaistb`ebmi`ei ch u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis
ceeurrim b` tai BOTrinbc` (?1.9 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors), hcjjcwim
kyIGO (?8.4) o`m Ohrbeo (?5.=).
]abs roti b`eriosim ? pirei`t pir yior hrcg ?222 tc;44= o`m tai`
mieriosim ?= pirei`t pir yior hrcg;44= tc ;442.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
8
Nostrcb`tistb`oj ec`mbtbc`s o`m i`vbrc`gi`tojec`eir`s sow o
sbn`bhbeo`t mieriosi b` b`ebmi`ei rotishrcg ;441 tc ;442.
B` IGO, hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai roti ch sixuojjytro`sgbttim
mbsiosis b`eriosim ky 2?%, hrcg ;.; tc =.; prckjigs pir ?44 X]
yiors (=1 tc 1> eosis). Murb`ntabs pirbcm, tai roti ch
b`-ecu`try ecjpcsecpbismieriosim 9= pirei`t hrcg ?.2 tc ?.4 (;2 tc
?; eosis).]abs mieriosi wos gob`jy eousim ky o mieriosi b`
tai`ugkir ch higoji vcju`tiirs `iimb`n ecjpcsecpbis b`tai Ylrob`i.
]ai roti ch ABX pcst-ixpcsuri prcpayjoxbs usi mieriosim 85
pirei`t, hrcg 4.1 tc 4.5(?> tc > eosis) pir ?44 X] yiors hrcg
;441 tc ;442.Ctair ec`mbtbc`s wbta sbn`bhbeo`t mieriosis b` taiIGO
rinbc` ori mipbetim b` tai nropa kijcw.
O mieriosi b` tai roti ch hikrbji bjj`issis wos sii` b`IGO kut
`ct tai ctair rinbc`s, wbta o roti mieriosi ch;> pirei`t, hrcg
1.5 tc 8.4 prckjigs pir ?44 X] yiors(?1= tc ?;8 eosis).
B` ;442, tai BOT rinbc`oj roti ch mi`nui b`hietbc`b`eriosim 85
pirei`t, hrcg ;.4 tc 5.; eosis pir ?44 X]yiors (=2 tc >8
eosis.)
]wc roti b`eriosis wiri ixejusbvi tc tai BOT rinbc`.]aisi
b`ejumim o ?55 pirei`t b`eriosi b` TTMec`virsbc`, hrcg 4.8 tc ?.=
eosis pir ?44 X] yiors(?8 tc 55 eosis), o`m o 5? pirei`t b`eriosi
b`gimivoes, hrcg 5.? tc =.4 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors (>>tc 28
gimivoes).
]ai Ohrbeo rinbc` aom sbn`bhbeo`t roti b`eriosis b`go`y
ec`mbtbc`s hrcg ;441 tc ;442. ]ai roti chmi`nui b`eriosim hrcg 4.?
tc 4.9 eosis pir ?44 X]yiors (5 tc ?= eosis), wabji b`-ecu`try
ecjpcsecpbisb`eriosim ky 944 pirei`t, hrcg 4.; tc 4.2 (= tc
?8 prceimuris).
O` b`eriosi b` tai roti ch ostago eosis wos sii` c`jyb` tai
Ohrbeo rinbc`, wbta o roti b`eriosi hrcg ?.= tc
;.4 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors (52 tc 98 eosis.)
Go`y ec`mbtbc`s wbta sbn`bhbeo`t roti mbhhiri`eisoppiorim b`
gujtbpji rinbc`s. ]ai b`ebmi`ei ch TTMec`virsbc`, gimivoes, o`m
utbjbzotbc` ch ABX pcst-ixpcsuri prcpayjoxbs mieriosim b` IGO o`m
Ohrbeo.I`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s mieriosim b` kcta IGO o`mBOT wabji b
èriosb`n b` Ohrbeo. Mi`nui rotisb`eriosim b` BOT o`m
Ohrbeo.
Ec`mbtbc`s
B`hietbcus ec`mbtbc`s
Mi`nui
Mi`nui bs o vbroj mbsiosi tro`sgbttim tc augo`s kyb`hietim
gcsqubtcis. Uygptcgs b`ejumi abna hivir,siviri aiomoeai, o`m fcb t̀
o`m guseji pob`. Mi`nuiAigcrraonbe Hivir (MAH) bs o siviri hcrg ch
mi`nuitaot eousis b`tir`oj kjiimb`n.
-;5%
-;1%
-5;%
-55%
-52%
-=;%
-94%
-9=%
-85%
2?%
-?44% -94% 4% 94% ?44%
Acspbtojbzotbc`s
Hikrbji bjj`issis
Eormbcvoseujor Trckjigs
Gimivoes
TTM Ec`virsbc`s
I`vbrc`gi`toj Ec`eir`s
Ojecacj-[ijotim B`furbis
B`-Ecu`try Ecjpcsecpbis
ABX Tcst-Ixpcsuri Trcpayjoxbs
Uixuojjy ]ro`sgbtti m Mbsiosi
Hbnuri 86 Ec`mbtbc`s wbt a sbn`bhbeo`t roti mbhhiri`eis,”Tioei
Ecrps Xcju`tiirs (IGO [inbc` c`jy), ;441 tc ;442
-5%
-??%
-;=%
-9>%
?9%
;2%
84%
85%
?55%
-?44% -94% 4% 94% ?44%
Nostrcb`tistb`oj Ec`mbtbc`s
Gi`toj Aiojta Trckjigs
Uixuojjy ]ro`sgbttim Mbsiosi
I`vbrc`gi`toj Ec`eir`s
Acspbtojbzotbc`s
Gimivoes
Mi`nui
Jibsago`bosbs
TTM Ec`virsbc`
Hbnuri >6 Ec`mbtbc`s wbt a sbn`bhbeo`t roti mbhhiri`eis”Tioei
Ecrps Xcju`tiirs (BOT [inbc` c`j y), ;441 tc ;442
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
>
Oeecrmb`n tc tai ^crjm Aiojta Crno`bzotbc`, taib`ebmi`ei ch
mi`nui eosis bs b`eriosb`n njckojjy os taimbsiosi sprioms tc `iw
orios. Jorni cutkriols chmi`nui ceeur iviry hiw yiors b` trcpbeoj
ecu`trbis.
B` ;442, tai `ugkir ch mi`nui eosis ripcrtim wosnriotir tao` tai
ovironi `ugkir ch eosis ripcrtim piryior murb`n ;44?-;441 (gio`6 2;
eosis). C`i au`mrimo`m c`i eosis ch mi`nui wiri ripcrtim b` ;442
hcr oroti ch ?.= eosis pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs riprisi`ts o>9
pirei`t rbsi b` mi`nui b`hietbc`s hrcg tai privbcusyior.
Eosis wiri ripcrtim hrcg ;? ecu`trbis< >9 pirei`t cheosis
wiri ripcrtim hrcg tai BOT rinbc`, wbta gcstecgb`n hrcg tai
Mcgb`beo` [ipukjbe, Ac`muros o`mUurb`ogi.
Hrcg ;444 tc ;448, tairi wos o > pirei`t pir yiorb`eriosi b`
mi`nui eosis ogc`n Xcju`tiirs. Ub`ei;448, mi`nui rotis aovi
mieriosim ky o` ovironi ch?= pirei`t pir yior.
Mi`nui b`hietbc` bs hcu`m b` tai trcpbes o`msuktrcpbes. ]ai BOT
rinbc` rcutb`ijy oeecu`ts hcr tainriotist `ugkir ch eosis ogc`n
Xcju`tiirs. BOT
ripcrtim >8 (>9 pirei`t) ch tai ?4? eosis sii` b`
;442,wbta o` b`eriosi b` b`ebmi`ei roti, hrcg ;441, ch ;.4 tc5.;
eosis pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs ecgporim tc IGO,wbta ?? eosis (??
pirei`t) o`m o` b`ebmi`ei roti ch 4.9eosis pir ?44 X] yiors, o`m
Ohrbeo, wabea aom o`b`eriosi b` roti tc 4.9 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors
o`m aom?= (?= pirei`t) ch tai eosis.
Mirgotbtbs, b`hietbcus
]ai siec`m gcst ecggc`jy ripcrtim ec`mbtbc` ogc`nXcju`tiirs b`
;442 wos b`hietbcus mirgotbtbs, wbta oroti ch ;5.> eosis pir ?44
X] yiors (?,>;? eosis).
B`hietbcus mirgotbtbs b`ejumis o`y b`hietbc` ch tai slb` ky
koetirboj, hu`noj cr porosbtbe crno`bsgs. ]aisiec`mbtbc`s goy cr
goy `ct ki jokcrotcry-ec`hbrgim. @c`b`hietbcus slb` ec`mbtbc`s
suea os oe`i, iezigo,cr `c`-spiebhbe rosais wiri `ct b`ejumim.
Hrcg ?222 tc ;44=, tai rotis ch b`hietbcus mirgotbtbsb`eriosim
ky > pirei`t pir yior o`m tai` mieriosim ky1 pirei`t pir yior
hrcg ;44= tc ;442.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
1
Hikrbji bjj`iss, ctair
Ctair hikrbji bjj`issis aom o roti ch ?4.4 eosis pir ?44X] yiors
(>;= eosis) b` ;442. [ipcrts ch hikrbjibjj`iss aovi mieriosim 9
pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ?222.
B` ;442, rotis b` IGO miejb`im, wabji o sjbnatb`eriosi aos kii`
sii` b` Ohrbeo sb`ei ;441, hrcg 2.5tc ?;.8 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors
(;89 tc 5=2 eosis).
Hbjorbosbs
Hbjorbosbs bs o nrcup ch porosbtbe mbsiosis eousim
kygbercsecpbe, tariomjbli wcrgs. Jygpaotbe hbjorbosbsbs ec`troetim
tarcuna tai kbti ch o` b`hietim gcsqubtco`m eo` eousi swijjb`n
(jygpaimigo), os wijj ostabeli`b`n, aormi`b`n, o`m mbshbnurotbc` ch
tai slb`
(ijipao`tbosbs), usuojjy ohhietb`n tai jbgks, kriosts,o`m
ni`btojs. C`eaceirebosbs (rbvir kjb`m`iss) bsec`troetim tarcuna tai
kbti ch o` b`hietim kjoel hjyo`m eo` eousi b`hjoggotbc`, wabji
earc`be b`hietbc`eo` prcmuei kjb`m`iss. Jco jco, cr Ohrbeo`
iyi wcrg,bs ec`troetim tarcuna tai kbti ch o` b`hietim acrsihjyo`m
eo` eousi jygpaimigo, bteab`n, b`hjoggotbc`,o`m gbnrotbc` ch wcrgs
tarcuna tai iyikojjs.
]airi wiri `c eosis ch hbjorbosbs ripcrtim ogc`nXcju`tiirs b`
;442. ]abs eotincry b`ejumis jygpaotbehbjorbosbs, c`eaceirebosbs,
o`m jco jco.
Nostrcb`tistb`oj ec`mbtbc`s
Nostrcb`tistb`oj ec`mbtbc`s b`ejumi jokcrotcryec`hbrgim o`m ̀
c`-jokcrotcry ec`hbrgim bjj`issiswbta hcur cr gcri jbqubm cr wotiry
stccjs pir moy.
]abs eotincry ec`tb`uis tc jiom ripcrtokji ec`mbtbc`eotincrbis,
wbta o roti ch 82.8 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors(9,4=1 eosis). ]ai roti
ch nostrcb t̀istb`oj ec`mbtbc`saos mieriosim ky o` ovironi ch ?
pirei`t pir yior.
O stotbstbeojjy sbn`bhbeo`t mieriosi b` rotis chnostrcb`tistb`oj
ec`mbtbc`s bs sii` ogc`n Xcju`tiirsb` tai BOT o`m Ohrbeo
rinbc`s.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
2
‚Koetirboj mborraio, ctair cr prisugim‗ eopturisb`hietbc`s
ch tai nostrcb`tistb`oj troet ec`hbrgim kyjokcrotcry tistb`n cr
wbta o ejb`beoj prisi`totbc`ec`sbsti`t wbta koetirboj b`hietbc` b`
wabea o`tbkbctbetriotgi`t wos omgb`bstirim kut itbcjcny wos `ct
jok-ec`hbrgim. ]ai koetirboj oni`ts ori tacsi taot mc `ctoppjy tc
ctair IUU eotincrbis (i.n., ogikbosbs,nbormbosbs, sojgc`ijjcsbs, cr
sabnijjcsbs).
‚Xbroj mborraio, ctair cr prisugim‗ b`ejumisb`hietbc`s ch tai
nostrcb`tistb`oj troet mui tc o vbrojspiebis ec`hbrgim ky
jokcrotcry tistb`n cr o ejb`beoj prisi`totbc` ec`sbsti t̀ wbta
vbroj b`hietbc` taot bs `ctec`hbrgim ky jokcrotcry tistb`n.
Ogc`n tai 9,4=1 nostrcb`tistb òj ec`mbtbc`s ripcrtimb` ;442, ;?
pirei`t wiri ch koetirboj itbcjcny, ?? pirei`t wiri ch vbroj
crbnb`, ?4 pirei`t wiri
ogikbosbs, > pirei`t nbormbosbs, ; pirei`t
b`tistb`ojaijgb`tas, 4.? pirei`t sojgc`ijjcsbs, o`m 4.?
pirei`tsabnijjcsbs. ]ai rigob`b`n ;4 pirei`t ch eosis
wiriejossbhbim os ‚ctair mborraio.‗
‚Ctair mborraio‗ riprisi`ts nostrcb`tistb`oj troetb`hietbc`s
eousim ky porosbtis `ct bmi`tbhbim b` taieotincrbis okcvi,
`c`b`hietbcus eousis (i.n., aiovygitojs, eaigbeojs, hccm ojjirnbis,
gimbeotbc`s), cr o`u`l`cw` itbcjcny.
Ny`iecjcnbeoj b`hietbc`s, ctair
Ctair ny`iecjcnbeoj b`hietbc`s b`ejumi koetirbojvonb`csbs,
vonb`oj yiost b`hietbc`, o`m pijvbeb`hjoggotcry mbsiosi.
]airi wiri 8>> ctair ny`iecjcnbeoj b`hietbc`sripcrtim b`
;442 hcr o roti ch ?9.= eosis pir ?44higoji X] yiors. ]abs roti
b`eriosim o` ovironi ch 9 pirei`t pir yior hrcg ?222 tc ;449
o`m mieriosim 2 pirei`t pir yior hrcg ;449 tc ;442.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?4
Aipotbtbs
]airi wiri `b`i eosis ch aipotbtbs ripcrtim ogc`nXcju`tiirs b`
;442. ]wc eosis wiri aipotbtbs K o`mtai rigob`b`n eosis wiri b` tai
‚Aipotbtbs, Ctair crTrisugim‗ eotincry. ]abs eotincry b`ejumis
aipotbtbsI o`m prisugim aipotbtbs, os wijj os b`hietbcus o`m
`c`b`hietbcus eousis ch ijivotim ogb`c-tro`shirosijivijs.
Augo` Bggu`cmihbebi`ey Xbrus
B` ;442, c`i Xcju`tiir tistim pcsbtbvi hcr augo`bggu`cmihbebi`ey
vbrus (ABX) b`hietbc`.
Tioei Ecrps b`btbotim ABX serii`b`n b` ?21>.
Xcju`tiirs aovi kii` serii`im kcta prbcr tc, o`m ottai i`m ch,
sirvbei sb`ei ?212. Ub`ei ?212, 52Xcju`tiirs aovi tistim pcsbtbvi
hcr ABX murb`nsirvbei.
Tcst-ixpcsuri prcpayjoxbs
ABX pcst-ixpcsuri prcpayjoxbs (TIT) wos priserbkimtc 11
Xcju`tiirs hcr o roti ch ?.; priserbptbc`s pir ?44
X] yiors b` ;442. ]ai gofcrbty ch TIT (82 pirei`t<8? eosis)
wos priserbkim b` Ohrbeo. ]ai roti ch TIT b`Ohrbeo mieriosim hcr
tai siec`m ec`sieutbvi yior,hrcg ;441 tc ;442 (;.1 tc ;.;
priserbptbc`s pir ?44X] yiors< >2 tc 8? eosis). ]ai TIT
priserbptbc` rotib` IGO mieriosim 98 pirei`t murb`n tabs pirbcm
(4.1tc 4.5 priserbptbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors< ?> tc >
eosis).BOT gob`tob`im tai roti ch TIT priserbptbc`s hrcg;441 tc
;442 (4.1 priserbptbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors< ;4eosis).
TIT aos kii` ovobjokji sb`ei ?22> tc
Xcju`tiirs pcti`tbojjy ixpcsim tc ABX. Moto c` TIT usi
woshbrst ecjjietim b` ;448.
Jibsago`bosbs
Jibsago`bosbs bs o porosbtbe mbsiosi spriom tc augo`starcuna tai
kbti ch b`hietim so`m hjbis. ]ai twc gcstecggc` hcrgs ori
euto`icus, wabea prcmueis slb`scris, o`m vbseiroj, wabea ohhiets
b`tir`oj crno`s sueaos tai spjii`, jbvir, o`m kc`i gorrcw.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?;
B` ;442, ogc`n tai ?=2 Xcju`tiirs wac wirimbon`csim wbta
gojorbo, 8? pirei`t wiri tolb`ngihjcqub`i, 5> pirei`t wiri
tolb`n mcxyeyejb`i, ? pirei`t wiri tolb`n otcvoquc`i/prcnuo`bj
(Gojorc ì),o`m ? pirei`t wiri tolb`n eajcrcqub`i.
Xcju`tiirs tolb`n mcxyeyejb`i, gihjcqub`i,
o`motcvoquc`i/prcnuo`bj (Gojorc`i) aom sbgbjor rotis chgojorbo wbta
8.5, =.=, o`m 5.> pir ?44 X] yiors,rispietbvijy. ]ai mbhhiri`eis
kitwii` taisi tariirotis wiri `ct stotbstbeojjy sbn`bhbeo`t, os
sacw` kytaibr cvirjoppb`n 29 pirei`t ec`hbmi`ei b`tirvojs.]ai jorni
ec`hbmi`ei b`tirvoj hcrotcvoquc`i/prcnuo`bj (Gojorc`i) abnajbnats
taib`stokbjbty ch tabs roti os o risujt ch tai sgojjir`ugkirs ch
Xcju`tiirs c` tabs eaigcprcpayjoxbs.Xcju`tiirs c` eajcrcqub`i aom
tai jcwist roti chgojorbo, 4.? pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs roti wos
sbn`bhbeo`tjy jcwir tao` tai rotis ch gojorbo ogc`n taictair
tarii nrcups.
Ueabstcscgbosbs eosis o`m o`tbkcmbis
Ueabstcscgbosbs bs o porosbtbe mbsiosi eousim kyhjotwcrgs taot
pi`itroti tai slb` ch picpji wac swbgcr womi b` ec`togb`otim wotir.
Go`y seabstcscgbosbsb`hietbc`s ori osygptcgotbe. Oeuti o`m
earc`be
b`hietbc`s eo` prcmuei prcnrissbvi mogoni tc tai kjommir,
uritirs, o`m lbm ìys (urb`oryseabstcscgbosbs), os wijj os
prcnrissbvi i`jornigi`tch tai jbvir o`m spjii` wbta b`tistb`oj
mogoni o`maypirti`sbc` ch tai okmcgb`oj kjccm vissijs(b`tistb`oj
seabstcscgbosbs).
B` ?221, tai Tioei Ecrps b`stbtutim u`bvirsojseabstcscgbosbs
o`tbkcmy serii`b`n hcr Xcju`tiirsecgpjitb`n sirvbei b` i`migbe
orios (miserbkim b`]iea`beoj Nubmijb`i 194).
]airi wiri tarii eosis ch seabstcscgbosbs o`m 55 pcsbtbvi
o`tbkcmy ripcrts b` ;442. ]ai eosis chseabstcscgbosbs ogc`n
Xcju`tiirs aovi mieriosim ky; pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ?222. Trbcr tc
;448,seabstcscgbosbs eosis o`m pcsbtbvi o`tbkcmbis wiriripcrtim b`
o ecgkb`im eotincry.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?5
Uixuojjy tro`sgbt tim mb siosis, ̀ c`-ABX
B` ;442, ;81 eosis ch sixuojjy tro`sgbttim mbsiosis(U]Ms) wiri
ripcrtim ogc`n Xcju`tiirs, riprisi`tb`no roti ch 5.> eosis pir
?44 X] yiors. ]abs roti mcis`ct b`ejumi ABX cr tai ctair
ny`iecjcnbeoj ec`mbtbc`s
ripcrtim b` tai IUU. Ub`ei ?222, tabs roti aosb`eriosim ?
pirei`t pir yior.
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai sixuojjy tro`sgbttim mbsiosi(U]M) roti b`
IGO b`eriosim ky 2? pirei`t, hrcg ;.;tc =.; pir ?44 X] yiors (=1 tc
1> eosis). ]ai jornistb`eriosi murb`n tabs pirbcm wos sii` b`
[cgo`bo, hrcgc`i tc ?> eosis (4.8 tc ?5.5 pir ?44 X] yiors).
Hbhty-twc pirei`t (?52 eosis) ch tai ;81 U]Msmbon`csim b` ;442
wiri ch vbroj itbcjcny. Hcrty-ibnat
pirei`t wiri ch koetirboj crbnb`. Xbroj U]Ms
b`ejumini`btoj airpis, jygpacnro`ujcgo vi`iriug, o`maugo`
popbjjcgovbrus. Koetirboj U]Ms b`ejumisypabjbs, nc`crraio,
eajogymbo, trbeacgc`os, o`meao`ercbm.
O` b`eriosi b` U]M rotis riprisi`ts o` b`eriosi b` tairbsl hcr
ABX b`hietbc`, eirtob` eo`eirs, aiort mbsiosio`m b`hirtbjbty ogc`n
ctair ecgpjbeotbc`s. B`mbvbmuojs
wbta o` U]M b`hietbc` ori gcri suseiptbkji tc ABXb`hietbc`. ]ai
b`eriosi b` U]M b`hietbc` ogc`nXcju`tiirs sbn`ojs o` cppcrtu`bty
hcr bgprcvimecu`sijb`n o`m privi`tbvi giosuris tc rimuei
aiojtarbsls hrcg b`tbgoti kiaovbcr.
]ukireujcsbs
]ukireujcsbs rigob`s o jiomb`n eousi ch miotawcrjmwbmi. Iorjy
mitietbc` ch b`hietbc` o`m privi`tb`n oetbvi tukireujcsbs ori
issi`tboj tcrimueb`n tai gcrtojbty rbsl hrcg tabs mbsiosi. ]aibmioj
woy tc oeabivi taisi ncojs bs tc istokjbsa oserii`b`n prcnrog.]ai
purbhbim prctib` mirbvotbvi (TTM) slb` tist bs usimtc mitiet
ixpcsuri tc tukireujcsbs. Bh o` b`mbvbmuoj aos kii` ixpcsim tc
scgic`i wbta oetbvi tukireujcsbsb`hietbc`, tai TTM slb` tist wbjj
ki riom os pcsbtbvi. O
‚TTM ec`virtir‗ bs o pirsc` wac aos aom o `inotbvislb` tist b`
tai post o`m `cw aos o pcsbtbvi slb` tist.TTM ec`virtirs ori ot
b`eriosim rbsl hcr mivijcpb`noetbvi tukireujcsbs o`m gust rieibvi
tukireujcsbseaigcprcpayjoxbs triotgi`t tc gb`bgbzi tabs rbsl.
Xcju`tiirs ori tistim hcr tukireujcsbs wbta tai TTMslb` tist
murb`n tai oppjbeotbc` prceiss, ot ejcsi chsirvbei, o`m ohtir o`y
sbn`bhbeo`t ixpcsuri.
B` ;442, 1? Xcju`tiirs wiri mbon`csim wbta joti`ttukireujcsbs ky
usb`n TTM tists. O ?> pirei`t
mieriosi b` tukireujcsbs slb` tist ec`virsbc`s ogc`nXcju`tiirs
wos sii` hrcg ;441 tc ;442 (hrcg ?.5 tc?.? eosis pir ?44 X]
yiors).
Murb`n tabs pirbcm, IGO ripcrtim o mieriosi b` btsTTM ec`virsbc`
roti, hrcg ?.1 tc ?.? eosis pir ?44 X]yiors (52 eosis tc ;5 eosis).
Ohrbeo sow o mieriosi ch?.> tc 4.> eosis pir ?44 X] yiors
(=> tc ;9 eosis).]ai BOT rinbc` ripcrtim o` b`eriosi b`
TTMec`virsbc` roti, hrcg 4.8 tc ?.= eosis pir ?44 X]yiors (?8 tc 55
eosis), murb`n tai sogi tbgi pirbcm,wbta tai Mcgb`beo` [ipukjbe o`m
Nuotigojo
ripcrtb`n sbn`bhbeo`t b`eriosis b` tai `ugkir chec`virsbc`s
ogc`n Xcju`tiirs.
]ai cvirojj ovironi roti ch TTM ec`virsbc`s aosmieriosim ky ;
pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ?222.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?=
B` ;442 tairi wos c`i eosi ch oetbvi tukireujcsbsogc`n
Xcju`tiirs. Ub`ei ?222, o tctoj ch ?4 eosis choetbvi tukireujcsbs
aovi kii` ripcrtim. Uivi` ch tai?4 tukireujcsbs eosis wiri hrcg tai
Ohrbeo rinbc`.
Xoeeb`i-privi`tokji mbsiosis
O voeeb`i-privi`tokji mbsiosi bs o` b`hietbcus mbsiosi
hcr wabea o privi`tbvi voeeb`i ixbsts. B` ;442, tairiwiri hbvi
eosis ch voeeb`i-privi`tokji mbsiosisripcrtim ogc`n Xcju`tiirs.
]abs b`vcjvim hcur eosisch typacbm o`m c`i eosi ch gugps.
B` ;442, tairi wiri tarii eosis ch typacbm ogc`nEogircc`
Xcju`tiirs o`m c`i hrcg Kijbzi. Ub`ei
;444, tai Tabjbppb`is aos ripcrtim ;; ch 55 (8> pirei`t)
ch typacbm eosis.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?9
@c`b`hietbcus ec`mbtbc`s
Ojecacj-rijotim p rckjigs
Ojecacj rijotim prckjigs b`ejumi o`y b`ebmi`t b`wabea kiaovbcr
wos ojtirim cr bgpobrim mui tc ojecacjb`tcxbeotbc`. ]aisi b`ejumi
b`ebmi`ts cksirvim ky
stohh, Xcju`tiirs, cr o`y rijbokji scurei.
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai roti ch ojecacj-rijotim prckjigs
ogc`n Xcju`tiirs b èriosim hrcg 4.2 tc ?.4eosis pir ?44 X] yiors.
Hrcg ?222 tc ;44;, tai rotib`eriosim ky 1 pirei`t pir yior. Ub`ei
;44;, tai rotich ripcrtim prckjigs aos mieriosim o` ovironi ch
> pirei`t pir yior.
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai roti ch ojecacj-rijotim prckjigs
rigob`im rijotbvijy u èao`nim b` tai tariirinbc`s. ]ai rotis ch
ripcrtim ojecacj-rijotim b`ebmi`ts
mieriosim b` IGO o`m Ohrbeo rinbc`s, hrcg ?.8 tc ?.=eosis o`m
4.2 tc 4.1 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors,rispietbvijy. ]airi wos o sjbnat
b`eriosi b` ripcrtimojecacj-rijotim prckjigs b` tai BOT rinbc`,
hrcg 4.8tc 4.1 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs eao`ni wos
`ctstotbstbeojjy sbn`bhbeo`t.
]abs rimuetbc` bs jblijy mui tc rivbsbc`s b` TioeiEcrps pcjbey
rinormb`n ojecacj usi o`m kiaovbcroj prckjigs osscebotim wbta
ojecacj. Bt goy ojsc ki muitc eao`nb`n suppcrt proetbeis ky TEGCs,
b`-ecu`tryo`m aiomquortir stohh, o`m bgprcvim trob`b`n gitacms.
Ostago
]ai roti ch ripcrtim ostago (`iw ostago o`m ostagoixoeirkotbc`s)
wos ;.= eosis pir ?44 X] yiors. ]absroti aos b`eriosim o` ovironi
ch ? pirei`t pir yiorsb`ei ?222.
Eormbcvoseujor prckjigs
Eormbcvoseujor prckjigs b`ejumi ec`mbtbc`s rijotim tctai aiort
o`m kjccm vissijs os mitirgb`im ky tai
TEGC cr o`ctair aiojta eori prchissbc`oj.
]ai roti ch eormbcvoseujor prckjigs ogc`nXcju`tiirs wos 4.1
prckjigs pir ?44 X] yiors b`;442. ]abs roti aos mieriosim o`
ovironi ch ; pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ?222.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?8
]ai IGO rinbc` ripcrtim o sbn`bhbeo`t mieriosi b` tairoti ch
eormbcvoseujor prckjigs, hrcg ?.2 tc ?.5triotim eosis pir ?44 X]
yiors (=; tc ;> eosis). ]absecgporis tc 4.9 eosis pir ?44 X]
yiors (?5 eosis) b`BOT o`m 4.8 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors (?1 eosis) b`
taiOhrbeo rinbc`.
Ecjpcsecpbis, b`-ecu`try
Ecjpcsecpy bs o gimbeoj prceimuri usim tc mbon`csitai eousi ch
ok`crgoj pop sgiors b` wcgi`. ]ai`ugkir ch b`-ecu`try ecjpcsecpbis
pirhcrgim wostroelim hcr tai hbrst tbgi b` ;441.
O`y ecjpcsecpy pirhcrgim b` tai Xcju`tiir‒s ecu`trych sirvbei ot
o ejb`be, acspbtoj, cr hoebjbty outacrbzim kygimbeoj stohh hcr tai
mbon`csbs o`m/cr triotgi`t ch ony`iecjcnbeoj ec`mbtbc` bs
ripcrtim.
Ecjpcsecpbis pirhcrgim b` o`ctair ecu`try cr rinbc`(i.n.,
Xcju`tiir gimivoeim tc o`ctair ecu`try hcr tabs prceimuri) ori
`ct ripcrtim b` tabs eotincry.
O tctoj ch 92 ecjpcsecpbis wiri pirhcrgim b` ;442.]ai IGO rinbc`
ripcrtim o mieriosi b` tai roti ch b`-ecu`try ecjpcsecpbis, hrcg
;.5 tc ?.4 prceimuris pir?44 X] yiors, wabji tai Ohrbeo rinbc` aom
o` b`eriosib` tai b`-ecu`try ecjpcsecpy roti, hrcg 4.; tc
4.2 prceimuris pir ?44 X] yiors.
Mi`toj prckjigs
Mi`toj bssuis b`ejumi ojj mi`toj o`m pirbcmc`tojec`mbtbc`s
ivojuotim ky o mi`tbst cr ctair aiojta eori prchissbc`oj.
Hcjjcw-up vbsbts hcr o sb`nji prckjig crrcutb`i ejio`b`ns ori `ct
b`ejumim.
Mi`toj prckjigs ori tai tabrm gcst ripcrtim ec`mbtbc`ogc`n
Xcju`tiirs, wbta o` cvirojj roti ch ;;.5 prckjigs pir ?44 X]
yiors b` ;442. ]abs roti aosmieriosim ky ? pirei`t pir yior sb`ei
?222.
I`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s
I`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s ori c`i-c`-c`i mbseussbc`s(b` pirsc` cr
ky tijipac`i) rinormb`n ixpcsuri tci`vbrc`gi`toj tariots. ]cpbes
goy b`ejumi obr pcjjutbc`, pistbebmis, hccm so`btotbc`,
`oturoj mbsostirs,
o`m igirnb`n mbsiosis, ogc`n ctairs.
]airi wos o sbn`bhbeo`t mieriosi b` tai cvirojj roti chripcrtim
i`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s, hrcg 5.5 ec`eir`s pir ?44 X] yiors b`
;441 tc ?.2 ec èir`s pir ?44 X]yiors b` ;442. Murb`n tabs pirbcm,
tai IGO o`m BOTrinbc`s ripcrtim o mieriosi ch =.9 tc ;.8 ec`eir`s
o`m9.5 tc ;.5 ec`eir`s pir ?44 X] yiors, rispietbvijy.Ohrbeo wos
tai c`jy rinbc` tc pcst o` b`eriosi b` tairoti ch i`vbrc`gi`toj
ec`eir`s, hrcg 4.8 tc ?.?ec`eir`s pir ?44 X] yiors. [ipcrts ch
i`vbrc`gi`tojec`eir`s aovi mieriosim o` ovironi ch ; pirei`t
pir
yior.
[cgo`bo aom tai jornist mieriosi ch ecu`tryb`ebmi`eis b` tai IGO
rinbc`, wbta ?2 eosis b` ;442ecgporim tc =8 ripcrtim eosis b` ;441.
Xo`uotu, b`tai BOT rinbc`, wi`t hrcg 84 ripcrtim eosis b` ;441tc ?9
eosis b` ;442. B` tai Ohrbeo rinbc`, tai cvirojj`ugkir ch
i`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s ripcrtim ky
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?>
Xcju`tiirs b`eriosim hrcg ?8 tc 54 eosis (roti ch 4.8ec`eir`s tc
?.? ec`eir`s pir ?44 X] yiors). ]aib`ebmi`ei ch ripcrtim
i`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s vorbimnriotjy hrcg ecu`try tc ecu`try.
[ipcrts chi`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s aovi mieriosim o` ovironi ch;
pirei`t pir yior.
Murb`n ;442 tairi wiri siviroj bssuis ch ec`eir`tarcunacut tai
wcrjm. ]aisi b`ejumim tsu`ogbs b` tai poebhbe rinbc`, ripcrts
ch aiojta rbsls eousim ky pjostbewotir kcttjis o`m `iws ch o
po`migbe b`hjui`zocutkriol. Bmi`tbhbeotbc` ch A?@? hju risujtim
b`wcrjmwbmi hirvcr wabea jim tc trovij ristrbetbc`s o`meao`nis b`
voeeb`i rinujotbc`s. ]ai mieriosi b`i`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s goy ki
mui tc tai b`eriosimecggu`beotbc` prcvbmim tc Xcju`tiirs murb`n
taiA?@? po`migbe. Ojj Xcju`tiirs wiri voeeb`otimonob`st tabs strob`
ch hju o`m prcvbmim wbtab`hcrgotbc` rinormb`n tai Tcsts‒ igirni`ey
oetbc`
pjo`. ]aisi prcoetbvi giosuris goy aovi sirvim tcquijj tai
jivij ch i`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s ripcrtim tctai TEGCs.
I`vbrc`gi`toj ec`eir`s aom o piol b`ebmi`ei b` taiIGO rinbc` b`
;449. ]abs wos mui tc o`xbity cvirOvbo` hju taot yior.
B`furbis, u`b`ti`tbc`oj
Y`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis ori ripcrtim bh taiy riqubrigimbeoj
ivojuotbc` cr triotgi`t ky tai TEGC cr ctairaiojta eori
prchissbc`oj.
]abs eotincry b`ejumis pimistrbo` b`furbis, kbeyejirijotim
b`furbis, gctcreyeji rijotim b`furbis, gctcrviabeji rijotim
b`furbis, wotir rijotim b`furbis, spcrtsrijotim b`furbis, o`m
‚ctair‗ b`furbis. ‚Ctair‗ b`furbisb`ejumi hojjs, kur`s, o`bgoj
kbtis, pcbsc`b`n, euts,okrosbc`s, o`m pu`eturi wcu`ms `ct rijotim
tc spcrts,wotir cr viabejis.
]ai cvirojj u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`fury roti b` ;442 wos ?9.1b`furbis
pir ?44 X] yiors. ]abs bs o sjbnat rimuetbc`hrcg ;441 (?8.4 eosis
pir ?44 X] yiors). ]ai abnaistb`ebmi`ei ch u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis
ceeurrim b` tai BOT
rinbc` (?1.9 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors), hcjjcwim kyIGO (?8.4) o`m
Ohrbeo (?5.=).
]ai roti ch u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis b`eriosim ? pirei`t pir
yior hrcg ?222 tc ;44= o`m tai` mieriosim ?= pirei`t pir yior
hrcg ;44= tc ;442. Mieriosis b` taib`ebmi`eis ch gctcr viabeji
rijotim, spcrts rijotim, o`mctair b`furbis oeecu`t hcr tai cvirojj
mieriosi sii` b`tabs eotincry.
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?1
Ub`ei ?222, Ohrbeo aos ripcrtim tai jcwist `ugkir
chu`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis ky rinbc`.
Ogc`n tai ?,?=1 u`b`ti`tbc`oj b`furbis ripcrtim b`;442, 91
pirei`t wiri ejossbhbim b` tai ‚ctair‗
eotincry, wabea b`ejumis euts, kur`s, hojjs, o`m
o`bgoj kbtis. Upcrts-rijotim b`furbis oeecu`tim hcr ?2
pirei`tch tai b`furbis, pimistrbo` oeebmi`ts 2 pirei`t,
o`m kbeyeji oeebmi`ts 8 pirei`t. ]ai rigob`mir ec`sbstimch
gctcr viabeji oeebmi`ts (5 pirei`t), wotir-rijotimoeebmi`ts (5
pirei`t), o`m gctcreyeji oeebmi`ts (; pirei`t).
Hrcg ;441 tc ;442, tai roti ch pimistrbo` b`furbisb`eriosim hrcg
?.4 tc ?.9 eosis pir ?44 X] yiors (>=tc ?4> eosis).
]ai roti ch gctcreyeji b`furbis rigob`s jcw ecgporimtc ctair
trohhbe-rijotim b`furbis (kbeyeji, gctcr viabeji,gctcreyeji, o`m
pimistrbo`).
B`furbis, Ojecacj-rijotim
B`furbis, ojecacj-rijotim bs o eotincry b`trcmueim b`;441.
Ojecacj-rijotim b`furbis ori ripcrtim hcr o`yb`fury osscebotim wbta
ripcrtim ojecacj usi ky oXcju`tiir cr trob`ii taot riqubris
ivojuotbc` o`m/crtriotgi`t ky o aiojta eori prchissbc`oj.
B` ;442, tairi wiri ;? eosis ch ripcrtim ojecacj-rijotim
b`furbis. ]ai roti ch 4.5 eosis pir ?44 X]yiors bs sbgbjor tc ;441.
]abrty-ibnat pirei`t (1 eosis)ch tai ojecacj-rijotim b`furbis eogi
hrcg tai Ohrbeorinbc`.
Gi`toj aiojta prckjigs
O gi`toj aiojta prckjig bs o c`i-c`-c`i mbseussbc`(b` pirsc` cr
ky tijipac`i) rinormb`n o gi`toj aiojtabssui, suea os miprissbc`,
prckjigs wbta b`tirpirsc`ojrijotbc`sabps, rioetbc`s tc striss, o`m
jc`ijb`iss.
Gi`toj aiojta prckjigs ceeurrim ot o roti ch ?9.1 prckjigs
pir ?44 X] yiors b` ;442. ]abs rotib`eriosim o` ovironi ch ?
pirei`t pir yior hrcg ?222
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
?2
tc ;445 o`m tai` mieriosim 2 pirei`t pir yior hrcg;445 tc
;442.
]ai Chhbei ch Gimbeoj Uirvbeis mitirgb`is waitair o`oppjbeo`t bs
gimbeojjy quojbhbim hcr sirvbei o`mbmi`tbhbis ecu`try-spiebhbe
riscureis taot wbjj ojjcw
oppjbeo`ts wbta ec`mbtbc`s riqubrb`n oeecggcmotbc`tc sirvi
sohijy o`m ihhietbvijy. ]abs bs rihirrim tc os o`oeecggcmotim
ec`mbtbc`.
Ogc`n tai ?,?=; gi`toj aiojta prckjigs ripcrtim b`;442, 5=
pirei`t (511 eosis) wiri omfustgi`t bssui-rijotim ec`mbtbc`s, ?5
pirei`t (?=8 eosis) wiririeurri`eis ch oeecggcmotim ec`mbtbc`s, o`m
tairigob`b`n 95 pirei`t (841 eosis) wiri ctair gi`tojaiojta
prckjigs.
Chhbei ch Upieboj UirvbeisGi`toj aiojta ec`sujtotbc`s
]ai Chhbei ch Upieboj Uirvbeis (CUU) gob`tob`sriecrms ch gi`toj
aiojta ec`sujtotbc`s bt prcvbmim tcXcju`tiirs o`m trob`iis.
Ec`sujtotbc s̀ toli pjoeiibtair cvir tai tijipac`i cr b` pirsc` ot
Tioei Ecrpsaiomquortirs (A_).
Uygptcgs jiomb`n tc o ec`sujtotbc` goy b`ejumimiprissbc`,
o`xbity, pcst-trougotbe striss mbscrmir(T]UM) cr ctair oeuti
striss, ojecacj cr mrun prckjigs, kiaovbcroj prckjigs, cr
ctair gi`toj aiojtaec`mbtbc`s. B`hcrgotbc` c` CUU gi`toj aiojta
ec`sujtotbc`s wos hbrst b`ejumim b`
]ai Aiojta ch tai
Xcju`tiir ;44>.
Ogc`n tai ?,?=; gi`toj aiojta prckjigs ripcrtim b`;442, tairi
wiri ?>4 tijipac`i ec`sujtotbc`sec`muetim ky CUU, oeecu`tb`n hcr
o roti ch ;.=ec`sujtotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors. ]airi wiri 52
b`- pirsc` ec`sujtotbc s̀ ky CUU ot Tioei Ecrpsaiomquortirs
riprisi`tb`n o roti ch 4.9 ec`sujtotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors.
Kcta typis ch ec`sujtotbc`s wiriivi`jy mbstrbkutim kitwii` IGO (85
pac`i, > A_),BOT (99 pac`i, ?> A_), o`m Ohrbeo (9; pac`i,
?9A_) rinbc`s.
Gcst ch tai tijipac`i ec`sujtotbc`s wiri hcrmiprissbc` (8?, 58
pirei`t) o`m o`xbity (9?, 54 pirei`t). T]UM o`m oeuti striss
wiri rispc`sbkji hcr?2 pirei`t (55) ch tai pac`i ec`sujtotbc`s.
]ai gofcrbty ch aiomquortirs ec`sujtotbc`s wiri
hcr pcst-trougotbe striss mbscrmir (T]UM) cr ctair oeuti
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;4
striss (?;, 5?pirei`t) o`m ctair gi`toj aiojtaec`mbtbc`s (?;, 5?
pirei`t), wabji o`xbity (1, ;? pirei`t) o`m miprissbc` (>,
?1 pirei t̀) wiri sii` jisshriqui`tjy.
@iw oeecggcmotim ec`mbtbc`s
@iw oeecggcmotim ec`mbtbc`s ori oeecggcmotbc`sgomi ot pcst
ky tai TEGC. ]airi wiri ;= `iwoeecggcmotim ec`mbtbc`s ripcrtim6 ?1
hrcg Ohrbeo,o`m tarii ioea hrcg IGO o`m BOT.
Trin`o`ey
B` ;442, tairi wiri =9 prin`o`ebis ogc`n higojiXcju`tiirs hcr o
roti ch ?.4 prin`o`ebis pir ?44higoji X] yiors. ]abs roti aos
mieriosim o` ovironi
ch ; pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ?222.
Uiviri cutecgis
Gimivoes
Gimivoes b`ejumi ojj gimbeoj ivoeuotbc`s tc o tabrmecu`try wai`
o Xcju`tiir‒s bjj`iss cr b`fury riqubrisivojuotbc` cr triotgi`t `ct
ovobjokji b` taiXcju`tiir‒s ecu`try ch sirvbei. Xcju`tiirs goy
kigimivoeim gcri tao` c`ei cr tai sogi Xcju`tiirgoy ki gimivoeim tc
o rinbc`oj ei`tir o`m tai` tc taiY.U. B` taisi b`sto`eis, ioea ch
tai gimivoes aos kii` ecu`tim siporotijy.
]ai cvirojj gimbeoj ivoeuotbc` (gimivoe) roti b`;442 wos =.;
ivoeuotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors.Gimivoes tc rinbc`oj ei`tirs aom o
roti ch ;.5ivoeuotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors, wabji gimivoes tc taiY.U.
aom o roti ch ?.2 ivoeuotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors.
Os b` ;448 tarcuna ;441, tai roti ch gimivoes tcrinbc`oj ei`tirs
rigob`s abnair tao` tai roti chgimivoes tc tai Y.U. (;.5 rinbc`oj
gimivoes tc ?.2Y.U. gimivoes pir ?44 X] yiors.)
Ch 548 gimivoes b` ;442, =9 pirei`t (?5> eosis)wiri gimivoes
tc tai Y.U. (^osab`ntc`, M.E., acgi
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;?
ch riecrm, cr Aowobb). [inbc`oj gimivoes ecgprbsim99 pirei`t
(?82) ch ojj gimivoes. Gcst rinbc`ojgimivoes wi`t tc Ucuta Ohrbeo
cr ctair gimivoesbtis, b`ejumb`n Oustrojbo, Li`yo, To`ogo, o`m
taiTabjbppb`is.
B`-ecu`try acspbtojbzotbc`s
B` ;442, tai roti ch b`-ecu`try acspbtojbzotbc`s hcrXcju`tiirs
wos =.5 acspbtojbzotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors.]abs roti aos mieriosim
o` ovironi ch 5 pirei`t piryior sb`ei ?222.
B`-sirvbei miotas
]arii Xcju`tiirs mbim wabji sirvb`n b` eoji`mor yior;442. O
acgbebmi ceeurrim b` Ki`b`, o` bjj`issrisujtim b` o miota b`
Gcrceec, o`m o Xcju`tiir b`]o`zo`bo mbim hrcg o hojj wabji rcel
ejbgkb`n.
Tri- o`m pcst-sirvbei
Tri-sirvbei oeecggcmotbc`s
]ai Chhbei ch Gimbeoj Uirvbeis ossissis ojj Tioei
Ecrps oppjbeo`ts b`mbvbmuojjy tc ivojuoti taibr paysbeoj
o`m gi`toj eopoebty tc pirhcrg tai issi`tbojhu`etbc`s ch o Tioei
Ecrps Xcju`tiir. ^btariosc`okji oeecggcmotbc`, Xcju`tiirs gust ki
okjitc pirhcrg taisi hu`etbc`s wbtacut u`mui mbsruptbc`mui tc
aiojta prckjigs. CGU mitirgb`is waitair o`oppjbeo`t bs gimbeojjy
quojbhbim hcr Tioei Ecrpssirvbei o`m bmi`tbhbis ecu`try-spiebhbe
riscureis taotwbjj ojjcw oppjbeo`ts wbta ec`mbtbc`s
riqubrb`noeecggcmotbc` tc sirvi sohijy o`m ihhietbvijy.
]ai gimbeoj oeecggcmotbc` prcnrog wbtab` CGU
golis miebsbc`s rinormb`n oppjbeo`ts wbta spiebojgimbeoj cr
sbti-pjoeigi`t `iims. ]ai gimbeoj pri-sirvbei tiog o`m/cr tai
gimbeoj oeecggcmotbc`eccrmb`otcr rivbiw ojj oppjbeo`ts wac aovi
spiebojgimbeoj `iims cr riqubri spieboj sbti pjoeigi`t.Oppjbeo`ts
wbta ec`mbtbc`s riqubrb`n spieboj gimbeojgc`btcrb`n (b.i., kiyc`m
rcutb`i eori) ori ejiorim kytai pri-sirvbei tiog hcr ecu`trywbmi
sirvbei b`ecu`trbis taot eo` suppcrt suea gc`btcrb`n.
Oppjbeo`tswbta ec`mbtbc`s taot riqubri o spiebhbe
nicnropabejceotbc` cr riqubri prcxbgbty tc o` urni`t-eorigimbeoj
hoebjbty cr ctair eori ori ejiorim hcr sbti-
spiebhbe sirvbei ky tai gimbeoj oeecggcmotbc`eccrmb`otcr. ]abs
prceiss b`ejumis ec`sujtotbc` ogc`ntai CGU o`m Tioei Ecrps stohh ot
pcsts.
B` ;442, tairi wiri ?,8?5 oeecggcmotbc`s, risujtb`nb` o roti ch
;;.5 oeecggcmotbc`s pir ?44 X] yiors.]abs roti aos kii` b`eriosb`n
o` ovironi ch ?= pirei`t pir yior sb`ei ;44?.
54%
;;%2%
?=%
1%
?8%
Hbnuri 916 Mistb`otbc` ch gimivoes”Tioei Ecrps Xcju `tiirs,
;442
^osab`ntc` M.E./Aowobb 54%
Ucuta Ohrbeo ;;%
Ui`inoj 2%
Acgi ch riecrm ?=%
]aobjo`m 1%
Ctair ?8%
`7548
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;;
]ai gcst ecggc` oeecggcmotbc`s b` ;442 wiri psyeactrcpbe
gimbeotbc` gc`btcrb`n, 1K (9;>oeecggcmotbc`s) o`m oeeiss tc
goggcnropaysirvbeis (;4> oeecggcmotbc`s). Xcju`tiirs goy
kioeecggcmotim hcr gcri tao` c`i ec`mbtbc`.
Tcst-sirvbei ejobgs
Ohtir taibr ejcsi ch sirvbei, Xcju`tiirs aovi tariiyiors b`
wabea tc hbji ejobgs u`mir tai HimirojIgpjcyiis‒ Ecgpi`sotbc` Oet
(HIEO) hcr ec`mbtbc`staot wiri eousim, oeeijirotim, cr ixoeirkotim
ky taibrsirvbei. Ejobgs ori hbjim wbta tai Tioei Ecrps,omfumbeotim
ky tai Miportgi`t ch Jokcr, o`m pobm kytai Miportgi`t ch Jokcr wbta
Tioei Ecrps hu`ms.
B` ;442, pcst-sirvbei gimbeoj ejobgs wiri hbjim ky8?; ritur`im
Xcju`tiirs. ]ai gcst ecggc` ejobgswiri hcr b`hietbcus o`m porosbtbe
mbsiosis (?45 ejobgs,?> pirei`t), mi`toj prckjigs (22 ejobgs, ?8
pirei`t),o`m mbsiosis ch tai guseujcslijitoj systig o`mec``ietbvi
tbssui (24 ejobgs, ?9 pirei`t). Hcrty-ibnatejobgs wiri hbjim hcr
gi`toj mbscrmirs (1 pirei`t).
B` tai ;442 eoji`mor yior, Tioei Ecrps pobm$??,992,5=1 hcr
Xcju`tiir ejobgs oeeiptim ky taiMiportgi`t ch Jokcr. ]abs bs kosim
c` ;448 mcjjors.]airi aos kii` o = pirei`t pir yior b`eriosi
b` poygi`ts sb`ei ;44=.
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FO@YO[R ; 1
]N =? O]]OEAGI@] O
Uovi tabs mceugi`t, tai` i-gobj bt os o` ottoeagi`t tc
mko`lsDpioeiecrps.ncv @c i`erypt bc` bs ̀ iimim.
ITBMIGBCJCNBE UY[XIBJJO@EI (IUU) [ITC[] HC[G
OJECACJ-[IJO]IM T[CKJIGU6 4
OU]AGO (@I^ & IQOEI[KO]BC@U)6 4
EO[MBCXOUEYJO[ T[CKJIGU6 4ECJTCUECTBIU (B@-ECY@][R)6 4
MI@NYI6 4
MI@]OJ T[CKJIGU6 4
MI[GO]B]BU (B@HIE]BCYU)6 4
I@XB[C@GI@]OJ AIOJ]A EC@EI[@U6 4
C]AI[ HIK[BJI BJJ@IUU6 4
HBJO[BOUBU6 4
NOU][CB@]IU]B@OJ EC@MB]BC@U
Ogikbosbs6
Nbormbosbs6
Aijgb`tas6
Uojgc`ijjcsbs6
Uabnijjcsbs6Koetirboj Mborraio, Ctair cr Trisugim6
Xbroj Mborraio, Ctair cr Trisugim6
Ctair Mborraioj Ec`mbtbc`6
AITO]B]BU
Aipotbtbs O6 4
Aipotbtbs K6 4
Aipotbtbs E6 4
Aipotbtbs, Ctair cr Trisugim6 4
B@-ECY@][R ACUTB]OJBVO]BC@U6 4
B@FY[BIU (Y@B@]I@]BC@OJ)
Timistrbo`6 4
Kbeyeji [bmb`n (@C]I AIJGI] YUI B@ @C]IU)6 4
Gctcreyeji [bmb`n6 4Gctcr Xiabeji (`c`-Gctcreyeji)6 4
^otir-[ijotim B`fury/Ivi`t6 4
Upcrts-[ijotim (@C]I UTC[] B@ @C]IU)6 4
Ctair Y`b`ti`tbc`oj B`furbis6 4
(UTIEBHR ]RTI & @YGKI[ HC[ IOEA)6
B@FY[BIU, OJECACJ-[IJO]IM6 4
JIBUAGO@BOUBU66 4
GIMIXOEU
Gimivoe tc YU Acgi ch [iecrm .6 4
Gimivoe tc YU ^osab`ntc`, ME .6 4
Gimivoe tc Ucuta Ohrbeo6 4
Gimivoe tc Ui`inoj 6 4
Gimivoe tc Li`yo6 4Gimivoe tc ]aobjo`m 6 4
Gimivoe tc To`ogo6 4
Gimivoe tc Oustrojbo6 4
Gimivoe tc Ctair Jceotbc`6 4
(UTIEBHR JCEO]BC@)6
GI@]OJ AIOJ]A T[CKJIGU
[ieurri`ei ch Oeecggcmotim Ec`mbtbc`6 4
@iw omfustgi`t mbscrmir tc Tioei Ecrps6 4
Ctair Gi`toj Aiojta Trckjig6 4
@I^ OEECGGCMO]IM EC@MB]BC@U6 4
T[IN@O@ER6 4
ABX TCU]-IQTCUY[I T[CTARJOQBU (TIT)6 4
GOJO[BO EAIGCT[CTARJOQBU
(JC@N-]I[G C@JR
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;=
Oppi`mbx K6 Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs ky Ecu`trbis o`m
[inbc`s, ;442†
Ohrb eo Iurcpi, Gimbtirro`io` & Os bo (IGO)
B`tir-Ogirbeo & Toeb hb e (BOT)
cu`try ]ctoj Xcju`tiirs Ecu`try ]ctoj Xcju`tiirs Ecu`t ry ]ctoj
Xcju`tiii`b` ?45 Ojko`bo >1 Kijbzi 89ctswo`o ??5 Orgi`bo 1=
Ecsto [beo ??=urlb`o Hosc ??8 Ozirkobfo` ?4; Mcgb`beo` [ipukjbe
?1;ogircc` ?5> Kujnorbo ?52 Iostir` Eorbkkio` 28opi Xirmi 91
Eogkcmbo 99 O`tbnuo o`m Korkumo
tabcpbo 81 Eab`o ?48 Mcgb`beo
Nao`o ?9= Nicrnbo**** ?9 Nri`omo
Nub`io** >= Fcrmo` 94 Ut. Lbtts & @ivbs
i`yo 8> Lozolasto` ?;9 Ut. Juebo
isctac 19 Lyrnyz [ipukjbe ??4 Ut. Xb`ei`t & tai
Nri`omb`is
kirbo ?> Goeimc`bo >1 Ieuomcr ?8;omonoseor *** 5;
Gcjmcvo ?;4 Ij Uojvomcr ?52
Gojowb ?58 Gc`ncjbo ??8 Hbfb 8;Gojb ?=8 Gcrceec ;54 Nuotigojo
?2>Gourbto`bo** >8 Tabjbppb`is ?;; Nuyo`o 81Gczogkbqui ?;1
[cgo`bo ?;> Ac`muros ?1=
ogbkbo ??? ]aobjo`m 22 Fogobeo 18bnir ?;2 ]urlgi`bsto` >?
Gixbec 9?
[wo`mo* 5> Ylrob`i ;>5 Gberc`isbo & Tojou 9=i`inoj ?91
IGO ]ctoj ;,?44 @beoronuo ?1?cuta Ohrbeo ?5? To`ogo ?82wozbjo`m
9> Toronuoy ?2=o`zo`bo ?=5 Tiru ?81ai Nogkbo 25 Uogco =5cnc ?4;
Uurb`ogi =;no`mo ?=4 ]c`no =2ogkbo ?99 Xo`uotu >8h rb eo ]c toj
;,>88 BOT ]c toj ;,51;
Tioei Ecrps ]ctoj6 >,;=1
† Moto os ch Uiptigkir 54, ;442
* Cpi`im b` ;442** Uuspi`mim b` ;442
***Uuspi`mim Oprbj-Cetckir ;442****[icpi`im b` Fu`i ;442
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;9
Oppi`mbx E6 Tioei Ecrps Ecu`trbis wbta I`migbe Gojorbo, ky
[inbc` b` ;442
Ohrb eoEcu`try
Iurcpi, Gimbtirro`io` & Osbo (IGO)Ecu`try
B`tir-Ogirbeo & Toebhbe (BOT)Ecu`try
Ki`b` Ozirkobfo` Kijbzi Kctswo`o Eogkcmbo Ecsto [beo
Kurlb`o Hosc Eab`o Mcgb`beo` [ipukjbe
Eogircc` Nicrnbo Ieuomcr
Eopi Xirmi Tabjbppb`is Ij Uojvomcr
Itabcpbo Nuotigojo
Nao`o Nuyo`o
Nub`io Ac`muros
Li`yo Fogobeo
Jbkirbo Gixbec
Gomonoseor @beoronuo
Gojowb To`ogo
Gojb Toronuoy
Gourbto`bo Tiru
Gczogkbqui Uurb`ogi
@ogbkbo Xo`uotu
@bnir
[wo`mo
Ui`inoj
Ucuta Ohrbeo
Uwozbjo`m
]o`zo`bo
]ai Nogkbo
]cnc
Yno`moVogkbo
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;8
Oppi`mbx M6 ]okjis
]okji ?. @ugkir o`m pirei`t ch priserbkim o`tbgojorboj
eaigcprcpayjoxbs, ky yior o m̀ typi”Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs (Ohrbeo
rinbc` c`jy), ?222―;442
Rior Gihjcqub`i Mcxyeyejb`i
Otcvoquc`i/
prcnuo`bj Ctair
@c. * % @c. % @c. % @c. %
?222 ;492 2? ?19 1 4 - > :?;444 ?2>1 11 ;92 ?; 4 - >
:?;44? ?22= 1> ;>9 ?; ?> ? > :?;44; ?1?? 19 ;>= ?5
5> ; 5 :?;445 ?244 >2 =45 ?> 1; 5 8 :?;44= ?1=2 >5 995
;; ??> 9 8 :?;449 ?>88 >; 982 ;5 22 = 5 :?;448 ?15= >8
=21 ;? >5 5 ? :?
;44> ;452 >1 942 ?2 >; 5 ? :?;441 ?29= >8 9=9 ;?
>9 5 ? :?;442 ?2?> >5 858 ;= 1? 5 ? :?
* Ovironi `ugkir priserbkim pir gc`ta
]okji ;6 @ugkir o`m pirei`t ch gimbeoj ivoeuotbc`s ky
mistb`otbc`”Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs, ;442
Y.U. [inbc`oj
Jceotbc` @c. % Jceotbc` @c. %
^osab`ntc`, M.E. 2; 8>.; Ucuta Ohrbeo 8> 52.8Acgi ch
[iecrm == 5;.? Ui`inoj ;2 ?>.;Aowobb ? ?.= ]aobjo`m ;9 ?=.1
To`ogo ?> ?4.? Oustrojbo ?4 9.2Li`yo ?; >.?Ctair* 2
9.5
]ctoj Y.U. gimivoes ?5> ?44 ]ctoj rinbc`oj gimivoes ?82
?44
* B`ejumis6 Oustrbo, Hbfb, Btojy, Goeimc`bo, o`m
Tabjbppb`is
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;>
]okji 56 @ugkir o`m pirei`t ch gimbeoj oeecggcmotbc`s ky
eotincry” Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs, ;442
]okji =6 @ugkir o`m b`ebmi`ei ch gimbeoj oeecggcmotbc`s, ky yior
o`m typi” Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs,
;44?―;442
;442
Oeecggcmotbc` @c. %
Tsyeactrcpbe gimbeotbc` gc`btcrb`n (1K) 9;>
5;.>Goggcnropay ;4> ?;.1
Ostago ?94 2.5[ori Oeecggcmotbc` ??8 >.;
Ommirojj 19 9.5Uaijjhbsa Ojjirny >9 =.8@c` Gojorboj 88
=.?Cpataojgcjcny 92 5.>Mirgotcjcny 9; 5.;@ut ojjirny =2
5.4Eormbcjcny 55 ;.4Ny`iecjcny 55 ;.4Tsyeabotrbst Ovobjokji b`
ecu`try (1O) 5? ?.2NR@ BYM ;9 ?.9TUO ;; ?.=[btojb` Ovobjokji ;;
?.=Njuti` ;? ?.5Uibzuri ?= 4.2Uiosc`oj Ohhietbvi Mbscrmir 2
4.8I`mcerb`cjcny 1 4.9Yrcjcny 9 4.5Inn ojjirny 5 4.;Tirbcmc`toj ?
4.?]ctoj ?,8?5 ?44
Tsyeactrcpbegimbeotbc`
gc`btcrb`n (1K) Ostago GoggcnropayCtair
Oeecggcmotbc`]ctoj
Oeecggcmotbc`s
Rior @c. @c. @c. @c. @c.
;44? ;?8 8> >2 ;>5 85=;44; ;9; >= 2? 514 >28;445
=91 ?>9 ?;9 9;8 ?;1;;44= ==9 ?94 ?41 94? ?;44;449 5=1 ?=? 18
=9> ?454;448 ;22 ?92 ?45 9>> ??5=
;44> 5=4 ??> ?9= >?4 ?5;5;441 9>9 ?>4 ;54 ?,?41
;41;;442 9;> ?94 ;4> >;2 ?8?5
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
;1
]okji 96 @ugkir o`m pirei`t ch pcst-sirvbei gimbeoj ejobgs
hbjim ky eotincry o`m yior” Tioei Ecrps Xcju`tiirs,;449―;442
Tcst-sirvbei gimbeoj ejobgmbon`cstbe eotincry
;449 ;448 ;44> ;441 ;442
@c. % @c. % @c. % @c. % @c. %
Mbsiosis ch tai guseujcslijitoj
systig o`m ec``ietbvi tbssui 24 ?;.> 19 ?5.9 ?58 ;9.8
??1 ?1.= 24 ?1.=
Mi`toj 22 ?=.4 ?5? ;4.1 11 ?8.9 21 ?9.; 22 ?8.?
B`hietbcus o`m porosbtbe mbsiosis ?51 ?2.9 ??1 ?1.>
>1 ?=.> 21 ?9.; ?45 ?8.1
Gi`toj mbscrmirs 95 >.9 55 9.; => 1.1 == 8.1 =1 >.1
Mbsiosis ch tai slb` o`m sukeuto`icussystig >2 ??.; =? 8.9 58
8.1 9; 1.? 9; 1.9
Mbsiosis ch tai ni`btcurb`ory systig 5? =.= 5; 9.4 ;9 =.> ;?
5.; ;2 =.>
Mbsiosis ch tai `irvcus systig o`msi`si crno`s 9? >.; ;; 5.9
;4 5.1 5; 9.4 ;; 5.8
Trin`o`ey ?? ?.8 5; 9.4 ?1 5.= ;4 5.? 5? 9.4
@icpjosgs > ?.4 ?9 ;.= ?8 5.4 ?1 ;.1 ?9 ;.=
B`fury >1 ??.4 82 ?4.2 ?= ;.9 >5 ??.= 9> 2.5
Mbsiosis ch tai mbnistbvi systig ?? ?.8 ;4 5.; ?? ;.? ;2 =.9 ;5
5.>
Mbsiosis ch tai ebreujotcry systig > ?.4 > ?.? ?? ;.? 9
4.1 ?? ?.1
I`mcerb`i, `utrbtbc`oj, o`m gitokcjbembsiosis o`m bggu`bty
mbscrmirs > ?.4 5 4.9 2 ?.> 2 ?.= ?; ;.4
Mbsiosis ch tai kjccm o`m kjccm-
hcrgb`n crno`s > ?.4 ? 4.; 1 ?.9 ? 4.; 5 4.9
Mbsiosis ch tai rispbrotcry systig ?9 ;.? ?; ?.2 > ?.5 ?>
;.8 2 ?.9
Uygptcgs, sbn`s, o`m bjj-mihb`imec`mbtbc`s ?8 ;.5 > ?.? 8 ?.?
> ?.? > ?.?
Ecgpjbeotbc` ch prin`o`ey, eabjmkbrtao`m tai puirpirbug 8 4.2 5
4.9 ; 4.= 4 - 4 -
Ec`mbtbc`s crbnb`otb`n b` tai pri`otojpirbcm 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.; 4
-
Ec`ni`btoj o`cgojbis 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.;
]ctoj >48 ?44 85? ?44 95; ?44 8=5 ?44 8?; ?44
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Opp i`m bx M6 Ecu`t ry-spiebh be moto
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti OJKO@BO ?;
>2.4 4 - 4 - ; ;.9 4 - 4 -
O[GI@BO ?; 1=.5 5 5.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
OVI[KOBFO@ ?; ?4?.2 4 - ? ?.4 4 - ; ;.2 4 -
KYJNO[BO ?; ?=;.8 ? 4.> 8 =.; ; ?.= 4 - 4 -
EOGKCMBO ?; 9=.2 ? ?.1 ? ?.1 4 - 4 - ; 5.8
EAB@O ?; 2;.1 4 - ? ?.? 4 - 4 - 4 -
NIC[NBO > ?9.= 4 - ? 8.9 ? 8.9 4 - 4 -
FC[MO@ ?; 94.2 4 - 5 9.2 4 - 4 - 4 -
LOVOLAU]O@ ?; ?;8.4 8 =.1 ? 4.1 4 - 4 - 4 -
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ?; ??4.4 ? 4.2 ? 4.2 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOEIMC@BO ?; >1.4 4 - = 9.? 4 - ; =.4 4 -
GCJMCXO ?; ??2.8 ; ?.> ?; ?4.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC@NCJBO ?; ??9.8 > 8.? 5 ;.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC[CEEC ?; ;;2.= 4 - 5 ?.5 4 - 4 - 4 -
TABJBTTB@IU ?; ?;;.= = 5.5 5 ;.9 4 - 4 - 8 =.2
[CGO@BO ?; ?;>.8 5 ;.= ?= ??.4 > 9.9 9 >.= 4 -
]AOBJO@M ?; 22.; 4 - > >.? 4 - 4 - 5 5.4
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ ?; >?.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
YL[OB@I ?; ;>=.; ; 4.> 4 - ?9 9.9 5 ?.1 4 -
IGO ]C]OJ - ;429.? 54 ?.= 8? ;.2 ;> ?.5 ?; ?.4 ?? 4.9
KIJBVI ?; 89.; 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.8 ; 5.?
ECU]O [BEO ?; ??=.1 4 - ? 4.2 4 - 5 =.4 4 -
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?; ?1?.1 4 - = ;.; 4 - 8 9.4 ?> 2.=
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ ?; 28.? 8 8.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
IEYOMC[ ?; ?8?.8 ? 4.8 5 ?.2 ? 4.8 5 ;.1 ; ?.;
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?; ?52.5 4 - 9 5.8 4 - ? ?.= ? 4.>HBFB ?; 8;.4 4
- 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?; ?2>.2 ? 4.9 ?= >.? ; ?.4 ; ?.8 ? 4.9
NYRO@O ?; 8>.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 8 1.2
AC@MY[OU ?; ?1=.4 ? 4.9 9 ;.> > 5.1 > 8.5 ?4 9.=
FOGOBEO ?; 18.? 4 - 8 >.4 4 - ; =.? ? ?.;
GIQBEC ?; 94.9 4 - ? ;.4 4 - ; 1.5 4 -
GBE[C@IUBO ?; 9=.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BEO[ONYO ?; ?1?.5 4 - 1 =.= ? 4.8 4 - 1 =.=
TO@OGO ?; ?81.2 = ;.= ; ?.; 4 - 4 - ; ?.;
TO[ONYOR ?; ?25.= ; ?.4 8 5.? 4 - 4 - 4 -
TI[Y ?; ?8>.> ; ?.; 4 - ? 4.8 ? ?.? ? 4.8
UOGCO ?; =;.2 ; =.> 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.5
UY[B@OGI ?; =?.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?= 55.8
]C@NO ?; =1.> 4 - ; =.? 4 - 4 - 1 ?8.=
XO@YO]Y ?; >9.2 ? ?.5 5 =.4 ? ?.5 5 8.; ; ;.8
BOT ]C]OJ - ;51?.= ;4 4.1 84 ;.9 ?5 4.9 5? ;.; >8 5.;
KI@B@ ?; ?4;.> ? ?.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
KC]U^O@O ?; ??5.5 ? 4.2 ? 4.2 ?4 1.1 ? ?.5 4 -
KY[LB@O HOUC ?; ??8.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 5.=
EOGI[CC@ ?; ?51.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
EOTI XI[MI ?; 9>.2 4 - 9 1.8 4 - 4 - > ?;.?
I]ABCTBO ?; 81.5 4 - ? ?.9 4 - 4 - 4 -
NAO@O ?; ?99.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 5.> 4 -
NYB@IO ?4 >=.= 5 =.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
LI@RO ?; 88.8 4 - = 8.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
JIUC]AC ?; 19.; ? ?.; ; ;.5 4 - ? ?.> 4 -
JBKI[BO ?; ?8.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOMONOUEO[ 9 5?.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOJO^B ?; ?59.> 5 ;.; ? 4.> 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOJB ?; ?=8.5 ? 4.> 4 - ? 4.> 4 - 4 -
GOY[B]O@BO > >>.1 4 - 5 5.2 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCVOGKB_YI ?; ?;>.1 4 - = 5.? 4 - 4 - 4 -
@OGBKBO ?; ??4.8 ? 4.2 = 5.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BNI[ ?; ?;2.; 4 - 4 - ; ?.9 4 - 4 -
[^O@MO ?; 58.1 4 - ? ;.> ? ;.> 4 - 4 -
UI@INOJ ?; ?92.; 4 - ? 4.8 4 - 2 9.> 5 ?.2
UCY]A OH[BEO ?; ?5?.9 ? 4.1 ? 4.1 4 - ? ?.? 4 -
U^OVBJO@M ?; 98.> 4 - ;5 =4.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
]O@VO@BO ?; ?=;.> = ;.1 4 - ; ?.= ? ?.; 4 -
]AI NOGKBO ?; 25.= ? ?.? ? ?.? ? ?.? 4 - 4 -
]CNC ?; ?4;.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
YNO@MO ?; ?=4.8 = ;.1 = ;.1 ? 4.> 4 - 4 -
VOGKBO ?; ?9=.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
OH[BEO ]C]OJ - ;>>?.; ;? 4.1 98 ;.4 ?1 4.8 ?8 4.2 ?=
4.9
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ - >;=>.> >? ?.4 ?>> ;.= 91
4.1 92 ?.5 ?4? ?.=
B`-Ecu`try
Ecjpcsecpbis Mi`nui
Ecu`try @c.
[ipcrts
X]
Riors
Ojec acj -[ijotim
Trckjigs Ostago
Eormbcvoseujor
Trckjigs
;2
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti OJKO@BO
>2.4 8 >.8 5 5.1 4 - ? ?.5 4 -
O[GI@BO 1=.5 95 8;.2 5 5.8 ? ?.; =4 =>.= 4 -
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 ;= ;5.8 8 9.2 4 - ? ?.4 4 -
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 81 =>.> ;? ?=.> ; ?.= 4 - 4 -
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 ?4 ?1.; 9 2.? 5 9.9 4 - 4 -
EAB@O 2;.1 5? 55.= = =.5 ; ;.; ; ;.; 4 -
NIC[NBO ?9.= 5 ?2.9 1 9?.2 4 - ? 8.9 4 -
FC[MO@ 94.2 ; 5.2 ; 5.2 9 2.1 4 - 4 -
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 ;1 ;;.; ?? 1.> ; ?.8 ; ?.8 4 -
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 95 =1.; = 5.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 ?8 ;4.9 5 5.1 ; ;.8 4 - 4 -
GCJMCXO ??2.8 ?9 ?;.9 51 5?.1 4 - 55 ;>.8 4 -
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 ;> ;5.= 4 - 1 8.2 ?? 2.9 4 -
GC[CEEC ;;2.= =4 ?>.= ;8 ??.5 4 - 4 - 4 -
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= 5= ;>.1 ;8 ;?.; ? 4.1 ? 4.1 4 -
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 91 =9.9 94 52.; ?2 ?=.2 ;4 ?9.> 4 -
]AOBJO@M 22.; ;1 ;1.; ?> ?>.? ? ?.4 ?; ?;.? 4 -
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 ;4 ;1.? ?> ;5.1 4 - ? ?.= 4 -
YL[OB@I ;>=.; 9= ?2.> 91 ;?.; 2 5.5 ? 4.= 4 -
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? 9>4 ;>.; 54; ?=.= 99 ;.8 ?;8 8.4 4 -
KIJBVI 89.; ?5 ?2.2 =5 88.4 5 =.8 ? ?.9 4 -
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 ;4 ?>.= ?1 ?9.> 4 - ; ?.> 4 -
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 ;9 ?5.1 1> =>.2 4 - ;4 ??.4 4
-
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? ?> ?>.> ?> ?>.> 4 - ;5
;5.2 4 -
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 ;8 ?8.? =4 ;=.1 4 - ?1 ??.? 4 -
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 ?> ?;.; 51 ;>.5 4 - 1 9.> 4 -HBFB
8;.4 ; 5.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 == ;;.; >5 58.2 ?2 2.8 ;5 ??.8 4 -
NYRO@O 8>.8 ;; 5;.9 = 9.2 4 - 5 =.= 4 -
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 => ;9.9 =? ;;.5 ? 4.9 ? 4.9 4 -
FOGOBEO 18.? ;4 ;5.; ;5 ;8.> ? ?.; 8 >.4 4 -
GIQBEC 94.9 54 92.= 5 9.2 ? ;.4 = >.2 4 -
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 ? ?.2 ;4 5>.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 ;> ?=.2 =4 ;;.? ? 4.8 ;> ?=.2 4 -
TO@OGO ?81.2 5? ?1.= 2> 9>.= 4 - = ;.= 4 -
TO[ONYOR ?25.= 55 ?>.? 54 ?9.9 4 - 55 ?>.? 4 -
TI[Y ?8>.> 59 ;4.2 54 ?>.2 ?4 8.4 ?; >.; 4 -
UOGCO =;.2 = 2.5 ;5 95.8 4 - ? ;.5 4 -
UY[B@OGI =?.> ?5 5?.; ;? 94.= 5 >.; > ?8.1 4 -
]C@NO =1.> ;4 =?.? ?8 5;.2 4 - 59 >?.2 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 54 52.9 >9 21.1 ?9 ?2.1 ;? ;>.> 4 -
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= =>> ;4.4 >52 5?.4 9= ;.5 ;=2 ?4.9 4
-
KI@B@ ?4;.> 54 ;2.; 5> 58.4 4 - 1 >.1 4 -
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 ;= ;?.; ?9 ?5.; 5 ;.8 ; ?.1 4 -
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 ?? 2.9 ?8 ?5.1 5 ;.8 9 =.5 4 -
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 ?4 >.; ?4 >.; 4 - 9 5.8 4 -
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 ?4 ?>.5 ?2 5;.1 4 - ?= ;=.; 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 ?= ;4.9 2 ?5.; ? ?.9 ?; ?>.8 4 -
NAO@O ?99.= ;= ?9.= ;= ?9.= 4 - ?4 8.= 4 -
NYB@IO >=.= 88 11.> 9= >;.8 4 - =8 8?.1 4 -
LI@RO 88.8 ?8 ;=.4 1 ?;.4 4 - 54 =9.4 4 -
JIUC]AC 19.; ?> ;4.4 = =.> 9 9.2 4 - 4 -
JBKI[BO ?8.> 5 ?1.4 ?? 89.2 4 - 9 ;2.2 4 -
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 ; 8.5 ?1 9>.? 4 - ; 8.5 4 -
GOJO^B ?59.> ;= ?>.> ;9 ?1.= 9 5.> 5 ;.; 4 -
GOJB ?=8.5 ;2 ?2.1 8; =;.= ? 4.> ?4 8.1 4 -
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 ?1 ;5.? 54 51.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 ?> ?5.5 =4 5?.5 4 - 54 ;5.9 4 -
@OGBKBO ??4.8 55 ;2.1 2 1.? 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BNI[ ?;2.; ?? 1.9 ;2 ;;.= 4 - 5; ;=.1 4 -
[^O@MO 58.1 9 ?5.8 ?; 5;.8 5 1.; ; 9.= 4 -
UI@INOJ ?92.; 58 ;;.8 ?4> 8>.; ; ?.5 =5 ;>.4 4 -
UCY]A OH[BEO ?5?.9 ;> ;4.9 2 8.1 4 - 58 ;>.= 4 -
U^OVBJO@M 98.> 5 9.5 = >.? ; 5.9 4 - 4 -
]O@VO@BO ?=;.> 5? ;?.> ?; 1.= ? 4.> ?8 ??.; 4 -
]AI NOGKBO 25.= ?4 ?4.> 91 8;.? 5 5.; ?2 ;4.5 4 -
]CNC ?4;.? 2 1.1 ?8 ?9.> 4 - 2 1.1 4 -
YNO@MO ?=4.8 89 =8.; =? ;2.; ? 4.> ?4 >.? 4 -
VOGKBO ?9=.1 ;5 ?=.2 ? 4.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
OH[BEO ]C]OJ ;>>?.; 981 ;4.9 814 ;=.9 54 ?.? 5=2
?;.8 4 -
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ >;=>.> ?8?9 ;;.5 ?>;? ;5.> ?52
?.2 >;= ?4.4 4 4.4
Ecu`try X]
Riors
Mi`toj
Trckjigs
Mirgotbtbs,
B`hietbcus
I`vbrc`gi`toj
Aiojta
Ec`eir`s
Ctair Hikrbji
Bjj`iss Hbjorbosbs
54
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]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti OJKO@BO
>2.4 4 - 4 - ? ?.5 4 - 4 -
O[GI@BO 1=.5 4 - 8 >.? = =.> 4 - 4 -
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 ? ?.4 ; ;.4 ?4 2.1 4 - 4 -
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 ? ?.1 59 85.1 ; 5.8 4 - 4 -
EAB@O 2;.1 4 - ?5 ?=.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
NIC[NBO ?9.= > =9.9 8 52.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
FC[MO@ 94.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 4 - 1 >.5 ?? ?4.4 4 - 4 -
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 4 - ; ;.8 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCJMCXO ??2.8 4 - 59 ;2.5 4 4.4 ? 4.1 4 -
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 4 - ; ?.> 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC[CEEC ;;2.= ?= 8.? 5 ?.5 > 5.? 4 - 4 -
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= ?= ??.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 4 - ? 4.1 ? 4.1 4 - 4 -
]AOBJO@M 22.; 4 - ? ?.4 4 - 4 - ? ?.4
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 4 - ?? ?9.= 5 =.; 4 - 4 -
YL[OB@I ;>=.; ? 4.= ? 4.= ? 4.= 4 - 4 -
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? 51 ?.1 ?;8 8.4 =4 ?.2 ? - ? -
KIJBVI 89.; 5 =.8 ? ?.9 ; 5.? 4 - 4 -
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 > 8.? 4 - ? 4.2 4 - 4 -
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 8 5.5 ?4 9.9 ?4 9.9 4 - 4 -
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? 4 - ? ?.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 52 ;=.? = ;.9 8 5.> 4 - 4 -
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 ;2 ;4.1 = ;.2 ? 4.> 4 - 4 -HBFB 8;.4 4 - 4
- 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 ?> 1.8 1 =.4 ; ?.4 4 - 4 -
NYRO@O 8>.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 ?1 2.1 ?? 8.4 2 =.2 ? 4.9 4 -
FOGOBEO 18.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GIQBEC 94.9 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.4 4 -
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 9 2.5 4 - ? ?.2 4 - 4 -
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 88 58.= 9? ;1.? ?9 1.5 4 - 4 -
TO@OGO ?81.2 ?9 1.2 ?; >.? 9 5.4 4 - 4 -
TO[ONYOR ?25.= 4 - ?= >.; = ;.? 4 - 4 -
TI[Y ?8>.> 4 - ?? 8.8 = ;.= 4 - 4 -
UOGCO =;.2 4 - ? ;.5 4 - 4 - 4 -
UY[B@OGI =?.> 4 - ?? ;8.= ; =.1 4 - 4 -
]C@NO =1.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 4 - 4 - ? ?.5 4 - 4 -
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= ;49 1.8 ?52 9.1 85 ;.8 ; 4.? 4 -
KI@B@ ?4;.> 58 59.? ;5 ;;.= 4 - 4 - 4 -
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 4 4.4 4 4.4 4 - ? 4.2 4 -
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 ?> ?=.> ;8 ;;.= 4 - 4 - 4 -
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 8 =.5 5 ;.; ? 4.> 4 - 4 -
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 ?; ;4.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 ; ;.2 4 - 9 >.5 4 - 4 -
NAO@O ?99.= 9 5.; ?1 ??.8 ? 4.8 4 - 4 -
NYB@IO >=.= 51 9?.? 9 8.> > 2.= ? ?.5 4 -
LI@RO 88.8 ? ?.9 = 8.4 4 - 4 - ? ?.9
JIUC]AC 19.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
JBKI[BO ?8.> 4 - 4 - ? 8.4 4 - 4 -
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 4 - 4 - 9 ?9.2 4 - 4 -
GOJO^B ?59.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOJB ?=8.5 1= 9>.= ;1 ?2.? ; ?.= 4 - 4 -
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 = 9.? ;1 58.4 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 ? 4.1 4 - ? 4.1 4 - 4 -
@OGBKBO ??4.8 4 - ? 4.2 ? 4.2 ? 4.2 4 -
@BNI[ ?;2.; ?2; ?=1.8 9; =4.; ? 4.1 4 - 4 -
[^O@MO 58.1 ? ;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
UI@INOJ ?92.; ;2 ?1.; = ;.9 5 ?.2 4 - 4 -
UCY]A OH[BEO ?5?.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
U^OVBJO@M 98.> 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.1 4 -
]O@VO@BO ?=;.> = ;.1 = ;.1 ? 4.> 4 - ? 4.>
]AI NOGKBO 25.= 4 - > >.9 = =.5 4 - 4 -
]CNC ?4;.? ;; ;?.9 ;8 ;9.9 4 - 4 - 4 -
YNO@MO ?=4.8 8 =.5 8 =.5 4 - 4 - 4 -
VOGKBO ?9=.1 ; ?.5 > =.9 4 - 4 - ? 4.8
OH[BEO ]C]OJ ;>>?.; =8; ?8.> ;=; 1.> 55 ?.; =
4.? 5 4.?
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ >;=>.> >49 2.> 94> >.4
?58 ?.2 > 4.? = 4.?
Ecu`try X]
Riors
Nostrcb`tistb`oj Ec`mbtbc`s
Ogikbosbs Nborm bosb s B`tistb`oj
Aijgb`tasUojgc`ij jcsbs Uabnij jcs bs
5?
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8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2009 Annual
Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2009
33/44
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8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2009 Annual
Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2009
34/44
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c.
[oti OJKO@BO >2.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 9.? 4 -
O[GI@BO 1=.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.; 4 -
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.> ; ?.= 4 -
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.1 4 -
EAB@O 2;.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.; 4 -
NIC[NBO ?9.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 8.9 4 -
FC[MO@ 94.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = >.2 4 -
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 5.; 4 -
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.2 4 -
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCJMCXO ??2.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ?.> 4 -
GC[CEEC ;;2.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ?.5 4 -
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - > 9.> 4 -
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.= ; ?.8 4 -
]AOBJO@M 22.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?9 ?9.? 4 -
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
YL[OB@I ;>=.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; 4.> 4 -
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? 4 - 4 - 4 - = 4.; 9? ;.= 4 -
KIJBVI 89.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 >.> 4 -
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 5.9 4 -
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ;5 ?;.> 4 -
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? 4 - ; ;.? 4 - 4 - = =.; 4 -
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 5.? ? 4.8
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ;; ?9.1 4 -HBFB 8;.4 4 - 4 - 4
- 4 - 8 2.> 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?9 >.8 4 -
NYRO@O 8>.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 9.2 4 -
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?2 ?4.5 4 -
FOGOBEO 18.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.; 4 -
GIQBEC 94.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.4 4 -
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; 5.> 4 -
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?= >.> 4 -
TO@OGO ?81.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ;1 ?8.8 ? 4.8
TO[ONYOR ?25.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 8 5.? 4 -
TI[Y ?8>.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ?.; 4 -
UOGCO =;.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; =.> 4 -
UY[B@OGI =?.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
]C@NO =1.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 8 ?;.5 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= 4 - ; 4.? 4 - 4 - ?82 >.? ; 4.?
KI@B@ ?4;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ?.1 4 -
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ;= ;4.> 4 -
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.; 4 -
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.> 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NAO@O ?99.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.8 4 -
NYB@IO >=.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.> 4 -
LI@RO 88.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ?? ?8.9 4 -
JIUC]AC 19.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.5 4 -
JBKI[BO ?8.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ?;.4 4 -
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 5.; 4 -
GOJO^B ?59.> 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.> 1 9.2 4 -
GOJB ?=8.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.5 4 -
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.1 4 -
@OGBKBO ??4.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.> 4 -
@BNI[ ?;2.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.1
[^O@MO 58.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
UI@INOJ ?92.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 5.? 4 -
UCY]A OH[BEO ?5?.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.5 4 -
U^OVBJO@M 98.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.1 4 -
]O@VO@BO ?=;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.? 4 -
]AI NOGKBO 25.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.? 4 -
]CNC ?4;.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.4 4 -
YNO@MO ?=4.8 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.> ?5 2.; 4 -
VOGKBO ?9=.1 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.8 4 - 4 -
OH[BEO ]C]OJ ;>>?.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 4.? 24 5.; ? -
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ >;=>.> 4 - ; - 4 - > 4.? 5?4 =.5 5
-
B`-ecu`try
Acspbtojbzotbc` Jibsago`bosbs
OEcu`try
X]
Riors
Aipotbtbs
K E Ctair & Trisugim
55
-
8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2009 Annual
Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2009
35/44
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c.
[oti OJKO@BO >2.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.5 ? ?.5
O[GI@BO 1=.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - > 1.5
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 4 - ? ?.4 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.4
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 ? 4.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 1 9.8
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 4 - 5 9.9 4 - 4 - 4 - ; 5.8
EAB@O 2;.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.; 1 1.8
NIC[NBO ?9.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 8.9
FC[MO@ 94.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.4 ? ;.4
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ;.=
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.2 4 - ? 4.2
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 ? ?.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 9.?
GCJMCXO ??2.8 ?= ??.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = 5.5
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 ; ?.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.2
GC[CEEC ;;2.= 4 - ? 4.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 ?.5
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= ? 4.1 ? 4.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 4 - ; ?.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 8 =.>
]AOBJO@M 22.; ? ?.4 > >.? 4 - ? ?.4 4 - 1 1.?
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 4 - 4 - 5 =.; ? ?.= 4 - ? ?.=
YL[OB@I ;>=.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.= ?5 =.>
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? ;4 ?.4 ?9 4.> 5 4.? 5 4.? 9 4.; >=
5.9
KIJBVI 89.; = 8.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.9
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - > 8.?
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 8 5.5 4 - 5 ?.> 4 - 4 - ; -
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? 4 - 4 - ? ?.4 ; ;.? 4 - = =.;
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 ? 4.8 4 - 4 - ? 4.8 ? 4.8 > =.5
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.> 4 - ?; 1.8HBFB 8;.4 4 - 4
- 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.9 = ;.4 ?9 >.8
NYRO@O 8>.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 ?4 9.= 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.9 1 =.5
FOGOBEO 18.? 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.; ? ?.; 8 >.4
GIQBEC 94.9 ? ;.4 ; =.4 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ;.4
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 4 - 5 9.8 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.2
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 ?4 9.9 ? 4.8 4 - ; ?.? ? 4.8 > 5.2
TO@OGO ?81.2 ?9 1.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - = ;.=
TO[ONYOR ?25.= ?? 9.> 5 ?.8 4 - ; ?.4 4 - ? 4.9
TI[Y ?8>.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 1 =.1
UOGCO =;.2 4 - 5 >.4 4 - 4 - ; =.> 9 ??.>
UY[B@OGI =?.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? -
]C@NO =1.> 4 - ; =.? 4 - 4 - 5 8.; 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.5 > 2.; 2 ??.2
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= 91 ;.= ?= 4.8 = 4.; ?? 4.9 ;4 4.1 22 =.;
KI@B@ ?4;.> ? ?.4 5 ;.2 > 8.1 ? ?.4 4 - 4 -
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 9 =.= 4 - 4 - ? 4.2 5 ;.8 ? 4.2
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 5 ;.8 9 =.5 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.2
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 ? 4.> 5 ;.; ; ?.= ? 4.> 4 - 4 -
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.> 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 ? ?.9 ; ;.2 4 - 4 - 4 - ; ;.2
NAO@O ?99.= ? 4.8 4 - ? 4.8 ? 4.8 4 - ? 4.8
NYB@IO >=.= 4 - ; ;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 1 ?4.1
LI@RO 88.8 ? ?.9 4 - 4 - ? - 4 - 8 2.4
JIUC]AC 19.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.; 4 4.4
JBKI[BO ?8.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 ? 5.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOJO^B ?59.> 4 - 9 5.> 4 - ? 4.> 4 - ? 4.>
GOJB ?=8.5 5 ;.? = ;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 5.=
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.5
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.1 ? 4.1 ? 4.1
@OGBKBO ??4.8 ; ?.1 4 - 4 - ? 4.2 4 - 4 -
@BNI[ ?;2.; ? - ? 4.1 ; ?.9 8 =.8 4 - 5 -
[^O@MO 58.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 1.; = ?4.2
UI@INOJ ?92.; ? 4.8 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.8 5 ?.2
UCY]A OH[BEO ?5?.9 ? 4.1 ? 4.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
U^OVBJO@M 98.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - ; -
]O@VO@BO ?=;.> ? 4.> ; ?.= 4 - 5 ;.? 4 - 4 -
]AI NOGKBO 25.= 4 - 4 - 4 - ? ?.? 4 - ? ?.?
]CNC ?4;.? ; ;.4 ; ;.4 5 ;.2 ? - 4 - 4 -
YNO@MO ?=4.8 5 ;.? > 9.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 5.8
VOGKBO ?9=.1 ? 4.8 ? 4.8 4 - 5 ?.2 4 - 4 -
OH[BEO ]C]OJ ;>>?.; ;2 ?.4 51 ?.= ?9 4.9 ;; 4.1 ?4
4.= =9 ?.8
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ >;=>.> ?4> ?.9 8> 4.2 ;; 4.5 58
4.9 59 4.9 ;?1 5.4
Ecu`try X]
Riors
Y`b`ti t̀bc`oj B`fury
Timistrbo` Kbeyeji Gctcreyeji Gctcr Xiabeji ^otir [ijotim
Upcrts
5=
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8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2009 Annual
Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2009
36/44
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c.
[oti OJKO@BO >2.4 ?4 ?;.> 4 - ?; ?9.; ? - ; ;.9 ?
?.5
O[GI@BO 1=.5 9 9.2 4 - ?; ?=.; ; ;.= ; ;.= ? ?.;
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 ?> ?8.> 4 - ;4 ?2.8 4 - 5 ;.2 4
-
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 ;; ?9.= 4 - 5? ;?.> ; ?.= 2 8.5 ?4 >.4
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 4 - 4 - 9 2.? 4 - 2 ?8.= 8 ?4.2
EAB@O 2;.1 = =.5 4 - ?= ?9.? 4 - ; ;.; 8 8.9
NIC[NBO ?9.= 9 5;.9 ? 8.9 8 52.4 4 - 4 - ? 8.9
FC[MO@ 94.2 = - 4 - 8 ??.1 ? - 4 - 2 ?>.>
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 ?9 ??.2 = 5.; ?1 ?=.5 8 =.1 ?? 1.> ? 4.1
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 5 ;.> 4 - 9 =.9 5 ;.> 1 >.5 58
5;.>
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 5 5.1 4 - 1 ?4.5 ? ?.5 > 2.4 5 5.1
GCJMCXO ??2.8 2 >.9 4 - ;> ;;.8 8 9.4 1 8.> ?4 1.=
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 ?4 1.> ; ?.> ?5 ??.; ? 4.2 5 - 1 8.2
GC[CEEC ;;2.= ;9 ?4.2 4 - ;2 ?;.8 ? 4.= ?5 9.> ;= ?4.9
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= ?? 2.4 ? 4.1 ?5 ?4.8 9 =.? ?5 ?4.8 ? 4.1
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 ?= ??.4 4 - ;; ?>.; = 5.? ?4 >.1 8
=.>
]AOBJO@M 22.; ?; ?;.? 4 - ;2 ;2.; ?> ?>.? 1 1.? 9 9.4
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 ?4 ?=.4 4 - ?9 ;?.4 4 - 8 1.= ? ?.=
YL[OB@I ;>=.; 5> ?5.9 4 - 9? ?1.8 9 ?.1 ?1 8.8 ;>
2.1
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? ;?8 ?4.5 1 4.= 558 ?8.4 99 ;.8 ?5; 8.5 ?98
>.=
KIJBVI 89.; 9 >.> 4 - ?4 ?9.5 ? ?.9 9 >.> ; 5.?
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 1 >.4 4 - ?9 ?5.? 5 - 5 ;.8 ; ?.>
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 ? 4.8 4 - ?; 8.8 9 ;.1 = ;.; ?5
>.;
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? = =.; 4 - ?? ??.= 4 - 4 - ; ;.?
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 ?5 1.4 4 - ;5 ?=.; 9 5.? 4 - ?9 2.5
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 55 ;5.> 4 - =8 55.4 4 - = ;.2 =9 5;.5HBFB
8;.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 9; ;8.5 4 - >; 58.= ? 4.9 4 - 8= 5;.5
NYRO@O 8>.8 9 >.= 4 - 9 >.= 5 - 4 - = 9.2
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 ;1 ?9.; ? 4.9 => ;9.9 5 ?.8 ?= >.8 4 -
FOGOBEO 18.? ?9 ?>.= 4 - ;5 ;8.> 9 9.1 5 5.9 ?; ?5.2
GIQBEC 94.9 9 2.2 4 - 2 ?>.1 4 - 4 - ; =.4
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 4 - 4 - = >.= 4 - 4 - ; 5.>
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 ? 4.8 ? 4.8 ;; ?;.? 9 ;.1 ?; 8.8 2 9.4
TO@OGO ?81.2 9 5.4 ; ?.; ;= ?=.; 4 - 4 - 5 ?.1
TO[ONYOR ?25.= ;? ?4.2 4 - 51 ?2.8 ? - ?4 9.; 9 ;.8
TI[Y ?8>.> ? 4.8 4 - 2 9.= = ;.= = ;.= 4 -
UOGCO =;.2 8 ?=.4 4 - ?8 5>.5 4 - > ?8.5 ? ;.5
UY[B@OGI =?.> 4 - ? ;.= ? ;.= 4 - 4 - ?= 55.8
]C@NO =1.> 9 ?4.5 4 - ?4 ;4.9 4 - 4 - 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 ;8 5=.5 4 - =5 98.> ? ?.5 ; ;.8 ;?
;>.>
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= ;5= 2.1 9 4.; ==4 ?1.9 5> ?.8 81 ;.2 ;?8
2.?
KI@B@ ?4;.> 1 >.1 4 - ;4 ?2.9 ; ?.2 4 - ?? ?4.>
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 ?1 ?9.2 ? 4.2 ;1 ;=.> ; ?.1 ?5 ??.9 ?9
?5.;
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 5 ;.8 4 - ?; ?4.5 ; ?.> 9 =.5 5 ;.8
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 = ;.2 4 - ?? 1.4 4 - 5 - ; ?.=
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 2 ?9.9 4 - ?4 ?>.5 4 - ; 5.9 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 = 9.2 4 - 2 ?5.; 4 - ?; ?>.8 5 =.=
NAO@O ?99.= 5 ?.2 4 - > =.9 4 - = ;.8 ; ?.5
NYB@IO >=.= 5 =.4 ? ?.5 ?5 ?>.9 4 - ? ?.5 2 ?;.?
LI@RO 88.8 ?2 ;1.9 4 - ;> =4.9 ? ?.9 ?= ;?.4 8 2.4
JIUC]AC 19.; ?; ?=.? ? ?.; ?5 ?9.5 = =.> 1 2.= ?> ;4.4
JBKI[BO ?8.> 5 ?1.4 4 - 5 ?1.4 4 - ; - 1 =>.2
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 4 - 4 - ? 5.; 4 - 4 - ? 5.;
GOJO^B ?59.> ; ?.9 ? 4.> 2 8.8 ? 4.> = ;.2 ?? 1.?
GOJB ?=8.5 ; ?.= 4 - ?= 2.8 4 - 9 5.= ; ?.=
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 > 2.4 4 - 1 ?4.5 4 - 4 - 5 5.2
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 ?2 ?=.2 4 - ;; ?>.; 5 ;.5 5 ;.5 8
=.>
@OGBKBO ??4.8 ?8 ?=.9 4 - ?2 ?>.; 4 - 4 - ? 4.2
@BNI[ ?;2.; 8 =.8 ? 4.1 ?2 ?=.> 4 - ; ?.9 ;4 ?9.9
[^O@MO 58.1 ?5 59.5 4 - ;4 9=.5 ; 9.= =4 ?41.> 8 ?8.5
UI@INOJ ?92.; ;? ?5.; 4 - ;8 ?8.5 4 - ?8 ?4.? = ;.9
UCY]A OH[BEO ?5?.9 2 8.1 4 - ?? 1.= 54 ;;.1 ?2 ?=.= 1 8.?
U^OVBJO@M 98.> 8 ?4.8 4 - 1 ?=.? 4 - = - ?; ;?.;
]O@VO@BO ?=;.> ?= 2.1 ; ?.= ;4 ?=.4 ; ?.= 4 - ?> ??.2
]AI NOGKBO 25.= 2 2.8 4 - ?? ??.1 4 - 4 - 94 95.9
]CNC ?4;.? 4 - 4 - 1 >.1 ? ?.4 ;? ;4.8 8 9.2
YNO@MO ?=4.8 ; ?.= ? 4.> ?> ?;.? = ;.1 > 9.4 9 5.8
VOGKBO ?9=.1 ? - 4 - 8 5.2 4 - 5 ?.2 1 9.;
OH[BEO ]C]OJ ;>>?.; ;?5 >.> 1 4.5 5>; ?5.=
9= ?.2 ?11 8.1 ;58 1.9
TIOEI EC[TU ]C]OJ >;=>.> 885 2.? ;? 4.5 ??=1 ?9.1 ?=8
;.4 511 9.= 841 1.=
Omfustg i`t bs sui Ctair Gi`toj
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Y`b`ti`tbc`oj B`fury, ec`t. Gi`toj Aiojta Bssuis
59
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8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2009 Annual
Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2009
37/44
]ai Aiojta ch tai Xcju`tiir ;442
@c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c. [oti @c.
[oti OJKO@BO >2.4 = 9.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
O[GI@BO 1=.5 9 9.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
OVI[KOBFO@ ?4?.2 5 ;.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
KYJNO[BO ?=;.8 ;? ?=.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
EOGKCMBO 9=.2 ?9 ;>.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
EAB@O 2;.1 1 1.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NIC[NBO ?9.= ? 8.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
FC[MO@ 94.2 ?4 ?2.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
LOVOLAU]O@ ?;8.4 ?1 ?=.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
LR[NRV [ITYKJBE ??4.4 => =;.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GOEIMC@BO >1.4 ?? ?=.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GCJMCXO ??2.8 ;= ;4.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC@NCJBO ??9.8 ?; ?4.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GC[CEEC ;;2.= 51 ?8.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
TABJBTTB@IU ?;;.= ?2 ?9.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
[CGO@BO ?;>.8 ;4 ?9.> ? 4.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
]AOBJO@M 22.; 54 54.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
]Y[LGI@BU]O@ >?.5 > 2.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
YL[OB@I ;>=.; 94 ?1.; ; 4.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
IGO ]C]OJ ;429.? 5=5 ?8.= 5 4.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
KIJBVI 89.; 1 ?;.5 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
ECU]O [BEO ??=.1 1 >.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
MCGB@BEO@ [ITYKJBE ?1?.1 ;; ?;.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
IOU]I[@ EO[BKKIO@ 28.? ; ;.? 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
IEYOMC[ ?8?.8 ;4 ?;.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
IJ UOJXOMC[ ?52.5 =2 59.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -HBFB 8;.4 4 - 4 - 4
- 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYO]IGOJO ?2>.2 89 5;.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
NYRO@O 8>.8 > ?4.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
AC@MY[OU ?1=.4 ?> 2.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
FOGOBEO 18.? ;4 ;5.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GIQBEC 94.9 ; =.4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
GBE[C@IUBO 9=.4 ; 5.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BEO[ONYO ?1?.5 ;8 ?=.5 ? 4.8 4 - 4 - ? 4.8 ? 4.8
TO@OGO ?81.2 5 ?.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
TO[ONYOR ?25.= ?8 1.5 ? 4.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
TI[Y ?8>.> 1 =.1 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
UOGCO =;.2 1 ?1.8 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
UY[B@OGI =?.> ?= 55.8 4 - 4 - ? ;.= 4 - ? ;.=
]C@NO =1.> 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
XO@YO]Y >9.2 ;= 5?.8 ? ?.5 4 - ? ?.5 ? ?.5 ; ;.8
BOT ]C]OJ ;51?.= 5;? ?5.9 5 4.? 4 - ; 4.? ; 4.? = 4.;
KI@B@ ?4;.> ?5 ?;.> 4 - ; ?.2 4 - = 5.2 8 9.1
KC]U^O@O ??5.5 54 ;8.9 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.2 ? 4.2
KY[LB@O HOUC ??8.4 ?4 1.8 4 - = 5.= 4 - ? 4.2 9 =.5
EOGI[CC@ ?51.4 9 5.8 4 - 2 8.9 ? 4.> ?4 >.; ;4 ?=.9
EOTI XI[MI 9>.2 ; 5.9 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
I]ABCTBO 81.5 ?9 ;;.4 4 - 4 - 4 - ; - ; ;.2
NAO@O ?99.= 8 5.2 4 - ; ?.5 ? 4.8 2 9.1 ?; >.>
NYB@IO >=.= ?4 ?5.= 4 - 4 - 4 - 9 8.> 9 8.>
LI@RO 88.8 ;? 5?.9 4 - 4 - 4 - ; 5.4 ; 5.4
JIUC]AC 19.; ;2 5=.4 ? ?.; 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
JBKI[BO ?8.> ?4 92.2 4 - ; ?;.4 4 - ? 8.4 5 ?1.4
GOMONOUEO[ 5?.9 ? 5.; 4 - ? 5.; 4 - 4 - ? 5.;
GOJO^B ?59.> ?8 ??.1 4 - = ;.2 4 - 4 - = ;.2
GOJB ?=8.5 > =.1 4 - ? 4.> 4 - ?; 1.; ?5 1.2
GOY[B]O@BO >>.1 5 5.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 5 5.2 5 5.2
GCVOGKB_YI ?;>.1 ?; 2.= 4 - 8 =.> 4 - 8 =.> ?; 2.=
@OGBKBO ??4.8 ? 4.2 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
@BNI[ ?;2.; ;; ?>.4 4 - 4 - 4 - ? 4.1 ? 4.1
[^O@MO 58.1 =1 ?54.= ; 9.= 4 - 4 - ; 9.= ; 9.=
UI@INOJ ?92.; ;4 ?;.8 4 - ? 4.8 4 -
