Peace Researcher Feb 1983

8/9/2019 Peace Researcher Feb 1983

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RCHERFEBRUARY

Ther are more than a hundred agreements, memoranda of understanding, and working relationships inin the ANZUS partners. The Nz Nucear Free Zone Committee is conceed at the eve of secrcy that surrounds some of t hese agreements and is in favour of greater publc scrutiny PEACE

RESARCHER in this issue begins a series of artices examining these agreements This month we oo t the secret five-power UKU SA Agreement to which New Zeaand is a signatory.

THE UKUSA AGREEMENT.'The UKUSA Agreement is quite likely the most secret agreement ever entered into bythe english-speaking world. -James B amford in The Puzzle Palace.'

Uliti es.

R p , r na·.' lO

Finally, with regard to your enquiry about the UKUSA Agreement I wish to adviseta .. can neither confim nor deny the existence or nonexistence of the informationyo have requested -N.Z. Ministry of Defence in a reply to a PEACE RESEARCHER request under the Oicial Information Act.'

e UKUSA Agreement is so closely held that it has rarely been shown to even

Miisters for Defence or Prime Ministers here is only one copy in New Zealand andthis rests with the Permanent Head of the Prime Ministers Department, as theChairman of the New Zealand ntelligence Council -PEACE RESEARCHER

INSIDE: THE ROLE OF MAC IN NEW ZEALAND.

NEW ZEALAND AND ANTI- SUBMARINE WARFARE.



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THE SECRET UKUSA AGREEMENT - Binding the Signals Integenceorganisation of the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and New Zealand.

- B Keth Burgess.

he KUSA Agreement has been descbed as qte key the most secet agreement eve enterednto by the engsh speakng wod t s so cosey hed that t has rarey been shown to even Mnstersfo Defene o Pme Mnsters There s sad to be ony one opy n New Zeaand, and ths ests wththe Pemanent Head of the Pme Mnsters Depatment as Charman of the New Zeaand Integence Conc. Its estene has neve been pby aknowedged by the govenment of any ontyncdng New Zeaand

The NZ Mnsty of Defence has responded to a eqest for nformaton nde the 1982 OffcaInformaton At sbmtted by PEACE RESEARCHER by nethe confrmng nor denyng he exstence or nonexstene of the UKUSA AgreementVIDNC

Howeve evdene of the ageement whch govens cooperaton and exhange f SgnasIntegene SIGINT) or n other words ntegence gatheed by eecton eavesdoppng avaabe from nadvetenty eeased government docments and a pesona dscose by one pomnent member of the SIGINT ommnty

Recoded a doment entted Mntes of Proceedngs and Evdence of the Standng Commttee on Mseaneos Estmates Mach 24 1975) of the Canadan Hose of Commons s the foowngconversaton:

Mr Beatty: Is there, t the best ur knwledge Mr Mnster an agreement reered t asthe UKUSA agreement whch wuld afect the actvtes the CBNC?Mr Drury: here s an agreement a securt agreement nvlvng a number cuntres ncludng Canada and the USA but t s nt a bateral agreement slelMr Beatty: Wuld t nclude the Unted Kngdm as we? Is that was the UK n UKUSA srm?r Drury: Yu are crrectMr Beatty: Is the unctn the agreement t dvde up respnsbtes wth respect tmntng cmmuncatns amng the varus partes?Mr Drury: Perhaps I shuld sa the purpse the agreement s t ensure efectveclabratn etween these three cuntres n securt matters

Doments on Astraan Defence and oegn Pocy 1968-1975 ontans a brefng fo the Mnsterfo Defence on the US Integence Commnty A desrpton of the US Natona Secty Agency NSA)component povdes the foowng omment

h NS agn hn h rar h Dparn ns harg h ng sgnals nlgn hrgh h nrpn rgn ra nan Th ngn ls spr hr n h ra sa r n sar h nlgn assssn agns n h US an hrgh

a shar agrn h Bran Canaa an srala h sgnals ngn agns hs nrs r srbn hn hr rsp ngn ns

A smay phrased paragraph on the Brtsh Government Commncaton Head Qarters GCHQ) the eqvaent of NSA aso appears n the Docments

Contnty n the eatonshps among the seret SIGINT natona agenes has depended pon ongastng persona reatonshps wthn those organsatons A ette fom oe Hoope GCHQ Drecto toetenanGenea Masha S Cate Drecto NSA dated 22nd y 1966 conveys assane that coopeaton between the agenes w contne nde a new NSA detoshp

Plas ll h ha ha n b rhh an h ffl pars h UUS rlanshp an assr h ha n GCHQ l r bs asss NS n nnng s gra an pran ssn nr hs larshp

Fnay the Astaan Natona Tmes 612 May 1983 eported that:

Th Frasr abn, n Dsn N 5 r ha "h ff Nanal ssssns xan an rpr n h aqa sgnals nlgn pr nr h Un ngUn Sas arangnsan h s r banng anal sgnals nlgn spal n an ral r hssrs "



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HISTORYTe secret 947 UKUSA Agreemet provided tat te partcpatig ageces stadardze teirtermology, code wors itercept adg procedures ad doctrato oats or eicecy as weas security. It is a drect extesio o te cooperato ad excage agreemets estabised durig te Secod Word War te ied o security telgece espoage sigas telgece ad specaoperatos It as a storica attacmet to a earer biatera agreemet (te 940 BRUSAAgreemet) wc set dow orma practces betwee Brtai ad te Uted States ad provided a uexcage o cryptograpc systems cruptaalytca tecques drectoidg radio tercepto adoter tcal commuicatio matters'(2)Te BRUSA Agreemet acitated cooperatio betwee te wel estabsed SIGINT ageces o Brtaad te Uited States i a wartme evromet Te target o te SIGINT operatos were GermayJapa ad tay. Uder te UKUSA Agreemet te SIGINT ageces o Caada Australia ad NewZealad wr brougt to te od ad te targets became te commuist boc ad eac oter

MEMEHIP Membersip o te secret UKUSA Agreemet exteds beyod te atios emboded i ts acroym It

s act a ve power tered agreemet wc accordig to oe report estabses te Uted Statesas rstpart to te treaty ad Britai Caada Australia ad New Zeaad as secod partes NATOad sc cutries as Korea ad Japa later sged o as trd parties (3) I eect te agreemet brougt togter uder a sgle umbrea te SIGINT orgaisatos o te ve- powers amey te US Natoa Securty Agecy (NSA), te UK Govermet Commucatos Head Quarters (GCHQ)Austraa's eece Sgas Directorate (DSD), Caada's Commucatio Security Establismet (CSE)ad New Zealad's ow Govermet Commuicatio Security Bureau (GCSB)

PRCTICES ND METHODS Puckig up mios upo mios o messages rom te ar te NSA matas over 4000 itercept statos arud te word ad aroud te clock. Ragg i scae rom te mostrous 40 acre Wulewebe statos suc as tat stuated at Cicksads i Egad to truck mouted systems awordwide lectroc web patros te eter

Te NSA employs more ta 26000 peope earpoe cad me ad wome operatg statos romte Aleutias to Australa redirectg sgit matral to aalysts ad decoders ad tece to ort Meade Wasgto te ubPlatorms or SIGINT operatos are as dverse as teir targets Mtary aircrat lade wt eectroic equpmet uc as te Amerca EC30 tat was ost i Sovet Armea i 958 skrt East Euopeaborders occasioay vadg airspace to actvate radar systems Te Ryote satete sittg o topo te globe eavesdrops o microwave trasmissios rom te Sovet Uo ad Ca ad over etyixed ladbased statios are scattered aroud te globeTargets or IGINT activites ave raged rom te teratioa telepoe messages o prvate ctzesto dipomatic messages to ad rom embasses to mltary commuicatos rom deep sde te Soviet UoTe domiat agecy o te UKUSA commuty NSA (wic or a log tme operated wt te kowedge oly a ew govermet ad s stil very muc a aoymous agecy), as bee

resposble or te tercepto o te mlitary ad dplomatc messages o ts parters Durg te Suez crsis o 956, or exampe it s kow tat NSA picked up Britis commucatios ad used te iteligece to rustrate Brtis moves i te areaAoter practce was te tercepto o iteratoal telepoe cals o targeted Amerca citzesamogst wom were atiwar activists Jae oda ad Bejami SpockTe Brits IGINT agecy, GCHQ as motored al overseas telegrams sce 945 I Egad te NSA commads a vast tercept statio at Mewt H tappg Europea commucatios adtrasatlatac messagesTese practices ave cotiued despte teir ilegaty seltered rom te law by te sroud osecrecy.

Making the saring of inteligence secure.Rguary upated regulatios to compel te UKUSA parters to adere to strct metods o adlig

SIGINT matrial ad so mata utmost secrecy comes i te orm o a serieso

"IteratoalRegulatios o SIGINT or IrsigsTo esure tat procedures are beig oowed ad to admister te SIGINT excages te SIGINTcommluty epeds upo te jt staig o may o te major tercept statios ad te traser o

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SIGINT ponnl thoughout th Btih, US Canadian Autaan and Nw Z aand agnc . Th liaion offic a ponibl fo phyically handling th xc hang of intlignc mata. In thpct, th Nw aland GCSB gnay pnt d oa b;y th Autaian DSD Whi n

Nw Z aland t h a t wo iaion oc at t h US Embay, n Wington a wl a an FBI laionoic In addton pntati o JIO and AS t h Aut alian cuit y nt lignc oganation)a in Wlingt on and a nio MI5 liaon oc i maintaind und dipomatic co at th Btih igh Commiion i WlingtonA ytm o maing SIGINT matial to tict accbilty ha bn did by th UKUSAcommunty Onc a documnt i mad ANDLE VIA COMINT CANNELS ONLY t i automatcalytictd to tho holdng a pcal cuty caanc o uth lmit accbity a t o codwod dnoting a documnt dg o ntiity i ud TOP SECRET UMBRA o xamplindicat that th matia i o th hght SIGINT nitiity Anoth mampl i th DELTA ocod wod which ndicat that a paticua documnt contain nomation on Ruian militayopation, uch a th ocation o St ubman o Ruian aicat opation. Acc i dnidanyon not hoding a pcial cuity caanc o any patcua cod wodSimilay, an oth ytm wa did to guat th ow o inomation btwn th UKUSA

patn Fo xamp US agnc tamp matia WNINTEL NOFORN Waning NoticIntlignc Souc and Mthod Inod; Not Raabl to Foign Nation) whn th paing on oinomation might compomi th agncy ouc

INTLlGNC S PLITIC INSTRUMNT

Th ccy which uound th wo o SIGINT agnci aod conidab pow to tho whocontol t Th compatmntaiation o intlignc by th u o codwod and th allgiancdmandd o mpoy o th UKUSA ommunty ha atd a cot wold wid oganiation that ha opatd outid o th aw and byond th cutny o gonmnt

NSA th domnant patn n th UKUS latonhip and th mot act, coct an owhmingamount o nomaton that xtnd to commcia and conomc intlignc Monopolation o thiintlignc ha catd a dpndnc and to qution th NSA authoity o thatn to bach thu o ccy to potcal pcuon Th mot ilutat xamp o thi i th acing o

th Gough Whitlam Gonmnt in AutaliaWhitam had mad him unpopua within th intignc communty by ang qution about Pin Gap tation un by th NSA had ao caud a ct intcpt ba in Singapo to bcod by idntying it pubcy and hi attony gnal had lad a aid by amd poc to conomation bing wthd om th gonmnt by th Autalian Sct Intlgnc OganiationASIO) In th nd CIA nt a tlgam that dclad that th poblm coud not b od t coudnot how mutualy bnical ationhip a gong to continu

NSA a it paty to th UKUSA Agmnt ha dmontatd a d to conoidat it authoitywithin th SIGINT community In tuaton wh oint manning i quid, uch a th intcpt tation at Noth Wt Cap Autaia and Mnwith ilVChicand Engand, it i th NSA agnt whoill th pincpal poition. And NSA ha hown a uctanc to ha intlignc ly.

In act th NSA ha xhibtd a luctanc to hand o intllignc xcpt on a qud po quo baIt attitud to haing intlignc with alli i ummd up in th 193 mmoandum on Maing

Claiid Scuity nomaton Aailabl to Foign Natona ignd by Pidnt EinhowUnited State clasfed ecurty nformaton (to be) made avalable to foreign national onl under thefolowing condtona On a real need-oknow bab. After deteminaton that the fuhing of uchnformation wll reult n a net advantage to he nteret of

the Unted State

Nw Zaland a cond paty to th UKUSA Agmnt quntly pntd by AutaiaDSD and haing litt SIGINT matia to o o xchang), i paticuay dpndnt on NSA and thoth patn D Dmond Bal no low in th dpatmnt o Statgic Aai at th AutaianNationa Uniity, ma thi commnt about Nw Zaland lati poition in th UKUSAcommunity

The New Zealand ecurit and inteligence communt 'ha extraordnarl lttle ndependent tatu: to a far

greater etent even than Autrala and Canada, it other junor partner in the UKUA networ t cannot becondered apart rm that networ New Zealand ha no eteal intellgence colecton ageny lie ASIS or M/-6, bu relie enrel on it UKUA partner for the colecton of coert or ecret integence a wel a the provon of much f it ignal intelgence (IGN (to



T dpndnc of Nw Zaland on t co-opation of NSA may nflnc politicial dcisions inaffais s as ncla wasip visits and ncla wapon f ons

T dpndnc of Nw Zaland on t coopation of NSA may inflnc political dcision in t aa of fign affais On a daily basis t agd systms of scity classifications and pocdsfo potting t xcang of intllignc infomation may ffctivly pmit t bypassing of t sctiny of sponsibl Nw Zaland govnmnt officials appointd to manag o ovs t scityactivitis n Nw Zaland Tis mst incld o Pim Minist wo sits at t top of t Nw Zalandscty tllgnc ogansaton snc t appas tat is not pvy to t ss of agmntsxcangs of ltts and mmoanda of ndstanding tat go back to 1947 and constitt t UKUSAAgm

NEW Z EALAND'S INVOLVE MENTUnd UKUSA Agmnt t fiv nations dvidd t at into sps of SIGINT collction

sponsibility wit ac national SIGINT agncy assignd spcific tagts accoding to its potntial fo maximm intcpt covag A small potion of t SotWst Pacific was assignd to t NwZaland GCSB

Nw Zaland opats a SIGINT installation capabl of a Hig FqncyDiction Finding (HF-DF)pfomac T facility appas to av bn pgadd in 19811982 wit t acqisition ofsopistictd Plssy HFDF qipmn (4) Nw Zaland commnication stations opatd by tNavy a fo som tim ad t capaility to intcpt adio commnications at lativly longdistancs Fo xampl t Nw Zaland Navy intcptd apans adio tansmissions concningJapans sbman opatons clos to Sydny n May 1942 () and dng t Falklands Malvinascisis in 1982 Agntin naval taffic was monitod in t Pacfic and t significanc psmablylayd t GCHQ in Bitain

It is no! spising tat Nw Zaland's SIGINT collcting opations sold b dictd at t ocanstat sond s Anot fact of SIGINT collction is Ocan Svillan and Nw aland pos fiv P3B ions fo tis ppos as wll as fo Antisbmain Wafa (ASW)

vy ation witin t UKUSA commnity wit t xcption of Bitain owns P3 Oions wic av bcom ssntial fo aibon antisbmain oations Accoding to t US Navy t Oion isnspassd in its antisbmain wafa and ocan svillanc capabililitis

T Oon is a fongind aicaft capabl of flying 200km patollng fo os and tnng to

bas It fist bcam opational wit t US Navy in 1962 and sinc tn as ndgon continosmodificatins and impovmnts T Nw Zaland Dfnc Dpatmnt as cntly spnt $US22m($NZ337m) on aving Boing dsign and install a sopisticatd and niq systm(6) T basic Oion is qippd wit a vaity of sbmain dtction systms inclding sonoboys an infaddctcto systm, a magntic anomly systm (MAD) and advancd navigation and commnicationsystms om 648 Oons av bn podcd

It as bn stimatd tat t US Oions alon (4) a capabl of coving an aa of abot 1.sq km inlding all ocan aas in wic Sovit sbmains a likly to b fond (7)

Nw Zaland patiipats in an annal naval intllignc confnc attndd by dfnc intllignc staffs fom Astalia and t Unitd Stats wit Bitis Obsvs, w paticla attntion is paid tot svilanc wok coving t Pacific and Indian Ocans

In fact can Svillanc and Anti-sbmain Wafa as bcom somting of a spcialty and asoc of national pid to t svics T Rpot of t Ministy of Dfnc fo 1983 boasts tat t

Nw Zalnd Aifoc won t Fncastl Topy fo ASW fo t scond tm n t yas T comptitos w Nw Zaland Astalia Canada and t UKIn t aa of liaison offics nd a 1976 manning agmnt, a Nw Zaland offic occpis an

intllignc aintmnt at t Intllignc Cnt Pacific in Hawai (To coodinat t SIGINT pocssNSA stablsd gonal offcs on of wic is in Hawaii witin t CommandinCif Pacific (CINCPAC) Command Cnt)

Wn t Astalian mannd SIGINT intcpt station in singapo was st down in 1973, tn NwZaland offics w attacd to it and cntly som Nw Zaland offics a attacd to DSDadqats in Mlbon

T Nw Zaland SIGINT agncy t Govnmnt Commnication Scity Ba, wc wasstablisd in 1977 witin t Nw Zaland Ministy of Dfnc is a tiny opation compad to itsAmican ontpat wic mploys mo tan 120000 psonnl in many contis

T GCSB as a staff of sixtn civilian offics and on svic offic and fiv administativ psonnl dawn fom t Ministy of Dfnc It is financd wit t Dfnc vot and its annal cost nclding salas tavl costs fo nspctons and tcncal qipmnt was stimatd in 1980 as$400000 (8)



The existence o the agency has been acknowledged in the New Zealand Public Service OfficialCircular of 16 Jly, 1980 for the first time

GOVERNMENT COMMUlCA ONS SECURITY BUREAU

6

Ths new bureau has been esablished wihin he Minisry of Defence as he naonal auhory for communcaons and echnca secury maers. A major funcion of he bureau is o esablish naional communcaons secury sandards for applcaon hroughou Govemen. The Bureau also carres ou onreques, echncal security nspecons

n carrying ou is funcons, he Bureau wlaise wih all Govemen Deparmens and Agences whch havea communicains or secury responsibliy. 8

DEFENCE MNISTER PROVDED GREATED NSGHTS N PARLAMENT ON 1 AUGUST, 10 Fol/owng he recommendaons of he Ombudsman's repor on he New Zealand Secury nelligence

Servce, he Gvemen Communicaons Secury Bureau has been se up wih he funcons of esablshngand monorng naonal communicaons and echnical securiy sandards. Communcaions securiy embracesno only physical encrypon of classfed messages o preven her beng read by unauhorised persons whilsn ransi, bu also he physcal and radaion securiy of he cypher and communicaions equpmens used.Technical secury calls for he proecion of appropriae govemen offces and nsallaons whn New Zealand and mssions overseas agans eavesdroppng Sophiscaed deecon equipmen and echnques areneeded. n carri ng ou is funcons he Bureau lases wih all govemen deparmens and agenes ha havea communicaons or securty responsibilty provides advice on quesions of communicaons securiy and underakes echnical secury inspecons when specifcally requesed o do so by deparmens or agenciesconceed (9)

Little is known about SIGINT capabilities of New Zealand in other aspects PEACE RESEARCHER iscurrently researching physical facilities and will report in subsequent issues However the same shroudthat surrounds NSA, GCHQ etc also obscures our own GCSB That New Zealand is party to the

UKUSA Agreement strongly suggests that the monitoring of Embassy trafic and other activities knownto be part of NSA's mission may also be a part of the GCS That New Zealand needs to be familiar with encoding and exchange practices, means that New Zealand is an active participant in the UKUSAnetwork of SIGIT agencies.

A sandard i ndocinaion fo rm . An oah of sec rec demandd of al SIGINT per onnl wih ecu rityclearanes perming accss to communication ingnc mterial."

HANDLE VIA COMINT CHANNELS ONLY

CONFIDENTIA

RSIG - RD EDITION

DOCUMENT I. - PART I

OFFICIAL SECRETS ACTS DECLARATION

COMINT INDOCTRINATION

, ............ ".... I further understand that I am liable to be prosecuted if I 7publish without oficial sanction any information I may acquire in the course of myof an official appointment or retain without official sanction any sketch plan modelarticle note or official documents which are no longer needed for my official duties andthat these provisions apply not only during the period of my appointment but also aftermy appointment has ceased

3 I further declare that I understand that COMINT and all information relating toCOMNT may only be discussed with persons whom I know to be CO MINT indoctrinated

4 I will obsere and comply with such provisions of the COMINT Security Regulationsas may be brought to my attention either now or in the future and in paticular Inot to enter without the written permission of ............ any of thecountries ie. Albania Bulgaria China Cuba Czechoslovakia Vietnam Poland RoumaniaTibet and U.S.SR; until ............. months after I have ceased to be authorizedto receive COMINT and have signed Part II of this Declaration (whether I am still in theservice or not)

5. I UNDERSTAND the need for secrecy about COMINT never expires and I willimmediately repot to the responsible authority an infringement of the COMINT SecurityRegulations which may come to my notice

Dated this ... day .............. ... at ..................... .. .

Signaue of winss(who should be anauthorized indoctinatingofficer).

Surname (Block letters)

I have eplained those partsof the COMINT SecrityRegulations which he/sheneeds to know and I amsatisfied that he/she under

stands

Signu .............................

Surname (in block letters) ..................

Full Christian Name(s) ................

Rank or Grade ........................

Appointment held ....................... ....... .

Service number (where applicable) .............. .

1 Bamford. The Puzzle Palace Pge 392 Ibid 3943 Ramparts August 192, pge 454 Jane's Weapn Systems Electrnic warfare

82·835. Steven L Carruthers Australia Under Siege ChCh Press 11/10/83 pge 18. Desmnd Ball Ocean Surveillance Pge

TIO TO BE SIGNED AFTER BRIEFING FOR COMMNICATIONS INTELLI8 NZ Parliamentary deates, 15 August 1980

Pge 24

I declare that I fully understand that information relating to the manner and extent

the interception of communications of foreign powers by H.M Government and otheGovernments, and intelligence produced by such interception known as

ICommunicatios Intelligence (COMINT), is information covered by Section 2 of the OfficialIS,c[ets Act (as amended)

2. I further understand that the sections of the Official Secrets cts set out on theof this document, cover material published in a speech lecture or radio or television

Ib'oEdcast, or in the Press or in Book form. I am aware that I should not divulge anygained by me as a result of my appointment to any unauthorized pers

orally r in writing without the previous official sanction in writing of

9 Id10 Desmnd Ball The Ties That Bind

Chapter 4 pge 1

PEACE RESEARCHER is providing the media, members of the Opposition and selected members of the govement with information we have gather ed on the secret UKUSAAgreement.



THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES AIRFORCE MILITARY 8

AIRLIFT COMMAND IN NEW ZEALAND.

Durg 1982 there ere a tota o 221 Amera mtary arrat a out o Chrsthurh Arport a 100 the rst ve moths o 1983 aorg to gures prove by the Crsthurh Arport Authorty O these 95 a 50 respetvey ere support o the US Natoa See ouato's researh Atarta A breako o the types o arrat shos that 54% ere Starters 44%

ere Herues a the remag 2% ere Oros a C135 argo arra.hese oa gures revea that aproxmatey 50% o the Ute States Arore arrat omg to Hareoo Arport are ot support o the Atart Researh Programme.I ther argos are ot or uoag Ne Zeaa but are este or Rhmo Austraa or Hkam Haa or urther

ae hy oes the Mtary Ar/t Comma (MAC) se arrat o a 1500km etourThe aser to ths questo may be just as usettg as a sosure o the mystery argoes (he

US Embassy i eher oirm or ey the presee o uear eapos)

/ HICKAM HKA

HN

HAEWD

OPTIONAL FLOWS

A docmen enled Mlay Alf eans befoe he SbCommee on Mlay Alf (anayebay 70) ovdes a ma of he Saec Alf Sysem and a caeozed smmay of aflds

An ao n he soh Island of New Zealand s shown o be a of he sysem Thee ae 60 caeoyone afelds n Eoe and 53 n he Pacfc Caeoy one afelds can so ssaned heavy C5,C141 alf oeaons

These ms have access o oad and al facles caable of clean cao and ossess he navaonal ad eqed o so all weahe condons

The docmens also sae ha (a)nohe asec of elably nvolves he alf sysem Dn hhvolme alf acves sch as hose n he Pacfc oday, a affc on can easly become saaed and he se of oonal flow aens become necessay Wh he C141 and C5 mle flow aens can be sed o offse away saaon oo weahe and a denal of landn hsThe ne esl s ha saec alf can ovecome facos ha nl ecenly wold have seosly deadedcaably

The New Zealand Govenmen does no mono flhs of he USA Mlay Alf Command (MAC)Mnse of Defence Davd Thomson nsss ha all MAC flhs ae elaed o he Anacc Reseach

Poamme dese he advce of cvl ao ahoes The exchane of noes consn anaeemen beween he ovenmens of he US and NZ eadn he ovson of facles n NZ fo Anacc xedons (Decembe 1958), saes ha (a)s aoae he nomal eqemens nconnecon wh he aval and deae of shs and acaf n NZ . wll be waved' The UnedSaes aeas o have no need o fea a denal of landn hs n New Zealand and can deendon aewood as a elable sand n he oonal flow aen



EXERCISE OF READINESS

The readness of MAC to srge and mantan desgnated wartme oeratng rates s deendentamong other thngs sch as war reserve sares sort and crew ratos, on eacetme actvty and amagntde that wll contnosly exercse all comonents of the world-wde arlft system The Natonal Strategc Arlft dlemma Vo 1 ogstcs Management Insttte Washngton reared forcontract debate October '76)

Te nted States Mltary Arlft Comand tres to mantan a eacetme tlsaton rate of arcraft comarable wth that reqred n a wartme srge bt has n the ast faced ston n Defence bdget hearngs MAC tres to mantan a eacetme tlsaton rate of 234 hors er arcraft er dayfor the C and 34 hors er arcraft er day for the C-14 and an arcrew rato of 4 crews erarcaft n the force

MACs desre to mantan a state of readness and to exercse all traffc rtes may exlan tswllgness to send arcraft 100km ot of ther way

USLoheed 11B paned n gregreen amouage pared on he arma a Harewood rpor Beause 11Bs or Sarers have boh a sraeg and aa ar msson man are beng repaned n hs oour sheme nown as European One aordng o reabe soure nvan Wee and Spae ehnoog Februar 7, 1983

NOTES ON OR/ONS The S Orons that assed throgh Harewood were here as art of th combned ant

sbmarne wafare ASW) exercses Orons are sed throghot the world as the basc arcraft forantbmarne oeratons S Orons are confgred to carry and desatch Mar 101 nclear dethbombs

PROJECT MAGNET BACK IN TOWN A very old Oron bearng the dstnctve markngs S Oceanograhc Offc and Prject Magnet'

aared at arewood n early DecemberWhle also havng a general scentfc alcaton, the reslts of Prject Magns resarch contrbte

towards more effcent detecton and trackng of sbmarnes and to the nvestgatn of ossbly sngthe earths magnetc feld for mssle and navgatonal gdance systems Accrdng to ne S

Servceman, the Project Magnet Arcraft was n New Zealand for two weeks and tn sent two weeksbasd n Rchmond Astrala and two weeks n Hckam Hawa before retrnn the S manland.

eh Burgess



1COENT FIRST STRIKE AND ANTI-SUBARINE WARFARE: Has NewZealand a Role To Play? By e Smal

Wh NZ parcpao Projec Press' ad Mage' (aded by he US base a Harewood apoChrschurch) ad laerly he Black Bch asoomcal facly ea Blehem GODZONE s clearlycommed o dog s ow small bu sgfca b brgg o he holocaus he esearch projecsmeoed above apply drecly o uclear mssle gudace ha our ow Goverme keely supposhs woked s sgalled s recely released Defece Revew 983 whee US mlay buld-up sdescrbed appovg ems. Icredbly he Revew eve oes wh sasfaco he developme ofhe MX saegc ballsc mssle sysem capable of greaer accuracy ha prevous such weapos'(Page ) Of course s precsely he developme of superaccurae uclear mssles whchecourages uclear wafghg docre ad so udemes deerrece he Naoal Govermessaed commme o boh deerrece ad ams corol s hus appaely as hypoccal as ha ofhe Reaga Admsrao

I hs lgh s a mae of eal ugecy fo he peace moveme o play close aeo o he possble role of New Zealad Amerca plas fo a fs ske o he Sove Uo Ad sce A

Submare wafare (ASW) s a crcal grede a fs srke wha ae he mplcaos of NewZealads coug co-operao wh he US o ASW?he Repor of he Msry of defece fo he yea eded 3 March 983 saes ha work o

uderwae accouscs sysems has bee asssed by cooperao bewee he NZ Defece Scefc Esablshme (DSE) ad Ausala Caada Ba ad he US ude he echcal CoopeaoPogramme A major jo experme was coduced wh HMNZS u he Souh j Bas cojuco wh he US o exploe he relaoshp bewee sorms ad he assocaed uderwaerose whch affecs he perfomace of submae deeco sysems he N area provds bercodos fo hs flueal work ha mos oher areas of he world' (Page 26) Ohe esearchrelaes o deemg whch moder soa sysems wll peform well he NZ area cludg he updag of he DSE owed aray sysem Also a major feasbly sudy has bee compleed o passve soar sysems fo he RNZN

RNZA O acraf pracsed ASW echques exercses wh he Amerca mlary he Ida

Ocea Ausrala Hawaa ad Japaese waes hese acraf are currely beg modesed Oe plae has ow bee fed wh updaed equpme a he Boeg aerospace pla Seale whle he remag fou wll be fed ou by Ar NZ Assocaed rag ad spares povsog ae beg carredou wh US dusy ad mlary coces

he 98 Msry of Defece Repor dcaes ha he modfcaos o he Oo arcraf clude amproved avgao ad daa hadlg sysem a mproved survellace radar a frared deecosyse o ad gh search ad mpoved accal dsplays (page 25 hese ovaos wll eable he Oros o mpove her ASW capably. he fraed deeco sysem may eable he Oros o spohe hemal wake of submares As well he DSE has bee evaluag he performace of moderarcaf soobuoys

Overall he ca be cocluded ha ASW s a proy fo he DSE he queso we should ask swheher he burde of such research helps he defece of New Zealad or mplcaes us somehgmuch more. ASW research ad developme (R ad D) s ceraly flueal work he ma deereo a frs srke by oe superpower o he oher les he survvably of he saegc mssle submares If hese submaes become vulerable o ASW echques he deerrece s udermedMoeove s he sably of he submare deerre whch would make possble he dsmalg ofladbased saegc sysems order o acheve he frs major progess owards muual dsamame

I fac he who hrus of ASW R ad D s desablsg by educg he effecveess of he seabased deer A US Cogessoal Reseach Sevce Repor Jauay 979 wared ha wh afew years h US would be able o rack dow ad desoy mos Sove Submares. eadg Peace Researche Rober Aldrdge beleves ha ew echologes sesors weapos ad vehcles make hs scao a frghegly eal possbly

Aldrdge sows how he backboe of he US Navys opeocea sesg sysem a passve udrwae lseg sysem s beg complemeed by a Survellace owed Aay Sesor Sysem(SURASS) ad a Rapdly Deployable Seso Sysem (RDSS) RDSS aays are buoys wh passve

sesors ha ca be readly deployed by arcaf surface shps or submaes seleced aeas durgmes of css I hs coeco s worh rememberg ha such mes our Goveme wouldwelcome US uclea-armed shps ad plaes o NZ uder he 982 ogsc Suppo Agreeme Ourmodersed Oos would f cely o RDSS.



Te P3 Orion as been te manstay of te S Navys landbased ASW effort for some yearsAldride oints out in irst Strie tat t can tae directions from ocean-wde surveilance arrays to be uded to te vcinity of a Soviet submarine

Furter, 'Navy studes sow tat Oron P-3 s in c onjuncton wit te unde rsea surveilance se nsor

would make te lare st c ontribution t o US ASW caabiitie s rior to and durin a major confict wt t �Sovie ts' Pae 78) In January 1981 De fenc e Sec retary Harod Brown said tis combinat ion would be te most e ffect ive raid-re sonse syst em to oce an-wde ASW artcuary rior to ostite s (Paes7

A NZ P3 i i f hs a g d wth q a Sa qpmt stiglltil NZ33 74M

Te Soviet non on te oter and as no real oenocean ASW caabity nstead it concentrateson ydroraic surveys wit te aarent intenton of locatn ood din laces for its submarinesGven its muc suerior ASW faciities te advantae for a dsarmin first strie strony favours te S eseciay wen consdered toeter alon wt all its oter strie tecnooies

ew lon�rane Sovet misse submarnes are at sea at any one time Tese vesses are aso muc

noisier tan ter American counterarts is ncreases te incentive for an aressive ASW Wit te deoyment of S Trident submarines and teir rotective screen of unter iler submarnes in te Sout Pacfic Soviet unter ler submarnes wi in turn move coser to New Zeaand Jane's Defence Review caims tat te exected deloyment of nuclear cruise missies will mae every Sovet submarine a otenta strateic weaons carrer Te Press, November 3) NZ orts andairfelds ar tus becomin more and more iely tarets on te Sovet t list

Nearby, Australia s already very closely tried to te US ASW system trou te Pne Ga andNort West Cae facities wc intercet Soviet submarine communications Australia also carries out etensive SURTASS researc Gven te S aim of sreadn ts forces tinly to dserse Soviet counter-force caacity NZ is now anoter eendabe asset for te Pentaon in order to rotect Sanctuary America

ASW tecniues may aways retain a reative marin of uncertainty However instead of NZ ressin te S to mae ASW sensin tecnques avalabe for te monitorn of a Nuclear Weaon

free Zone in te Sout Pacfic our Government s conformin wit American nuclear war stratey(Key sources. Minstr o Defence Reports and Revew; Tactcal and Strategc ASW Waare' SIPR 4; he

ntelgence War Clonel V Kenned et al Frst Stke the Pentagons Strateg o Nuclear War R Addge:Omega and cence gest o the US Janrar.Febrar 9).



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Peace Researcher Feb 1983