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Peace Support Operations

18 Oct 12

Lt Col Tim Harbinson

GBR-A

British Army in Northern Ireland

NATO in Bosnia

NATO in Zagreb

HQ ISAF Jan – Jul 09

UK PJHQ Pakistan Mar – Dec 11

NATO School

Slide 1 of 263

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Scope

To give you an understanding of PSO within NATO (Allied Joint 3.4.1(A)) Publication

Familiarize you with some of the terms and concepts used in NATO PSO

Highlight the complexities

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What are NATO Peace Support Operations (PSO)?

“An operation that impartially makes use of diplomatic, civil and military means, normally in pursuit of UN Charter purposes and principles, to restore or maintain peace”. Such operations may include conflict prevention, peace-making, peace enforcement, peacekeeping, peace building and/or support to humanitarian assistance”.

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UK – Malaya 52-57

Robert Thompson’s5 Principles of Counter Insurgency

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Peace Support Operations

Types of PSO

Aim

The Environment

The Actors

Principles

Summary

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Non-Article 5 - Crisis Response Operations

Disaster reliefSearch and RescueHumanitarian Ops Non Combatant Evacuation Sanctions/Embargos

Conflict prevention Peace keeping

Peace enforcement Peace making

War

Fighting

National Caveats and Rules of Engagement!

What are NATO Peace Support Operations (PSO)?

PSO - not War Fighting

Article 5 – Coll Def

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Types of PSO

Conflict Prevention Enforcement of Sanctions and Embargoes

Peacemaking

Peace Enforcement

Peacekeeping

Peacebuilding Training

Disarm, demob, reintegration (DDR)

Support to Humanitarian Assistance Refugee and Internally Displaced Person

Assistance

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Aims of PSOs

Influencing will, understanding and capability

An agreed military end-state

Rule of law established

Internal security mechanism has control

Levels of violence within societal norms

An agreed political end-state

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Complexity of Crises

PMESII

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The ‘Actors’Most Obvious:

Diplomatic Community

International Community:

International Organizations UN Military (NATO, EU, OSCE) ICRC

Other Organizations (NGO)

(The Crisis Area): Regional

Host and Neighboring Nations

Local Government

Other Military (regulars, security, militias, tribal etc)

Police

Private Military Security Companies

Terrorist/Insurgent/Criminal (Spoilers)

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IO - Goodwill Ambassador

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The Actors: International OrganisationsThe United Nations

ARTICLE 1, UN Charter:

“to maintain international peace and security”. Can issue Mandates:

Chapter 6: Peaceful Settlement (by invitation)

Chapter 7: Enforcement Actions

Chapter 8: Regional Arrangements

Task: Restore Civil Society!!

From unarmed military observers to tailored multi-dimensional forces

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NATO Operations and Missions

2011Libya

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Military – European Union

*

*

*

*. FYROM: Recognized by Turkey under its constitutional name.

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Non-Governmental Organisations

Humanitarian Assistance

Redevelopment

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The Actors : Host Nation

Is there a Government?

Continual dialogue (Language)!

Local military / police/ armed civilians and private armed military/security contractors - under control? (Joint Military Commissions)

Criminal justice system working (Governance)?

Hardest to effect. . . ethnic and religious issues

Emphasize shared benefits and common goals

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The Actors: Local Population

Building trust and confidence after human rights abuses and suffering!

Criminal

Trade

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The Actors: The Media

Real time reporting & Real time reporting & imagery from the middle of imagery from the middle of nowhere (mobile, laptop & nowhere (mobile, laptop & satellite communications).satellite communications).

‘‘Bad news is good Bad news is good news!”news!”

The Media is a multi The Media is a multi billion dollar businessbillion dollar business

He understands exactly He understands exactly how publicity can how publicity can assist his causeassist his cause

Soldiers and their families Soldiers and their families access the news as wellaccess the news as well

They have time critical They have time critical deadlinesdeadlines

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Principles of PSO

Impartiality

Consent

Restraint

Objective / End State

Perseverance

Unity of Effort

Flexibility

Legitimacy

Security

Credibility

Mutual Respect

Transparency

Freedom of Movement

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Principles - Impartiality

…a Peace Support Force should always be impartial and even handed; if force is used against a particular party, it should only be because of what that party is doing (or not doing) in relation to the mandate…

…if force is used it must be used with restraint

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Principles - Consent

The promotion of cooperation and consent is fundamental to achieving the political ‘end state’ in all Peace Support Operations

The need to promote cooperation and consent and the long-term demands of peace will constrain the use of all military techniques, and not just the use of force

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Consent

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Principles -Restraint

The consequences of using force reach far beyond the immediate tactical situation. Political considerations…will require that all military actions…are restrained…against the long-term requirements of peace building

In cases of clear breaches of the mandate…the use of force…may serve to enhance the credibility of the force and the consent for the operation nationally and internationally

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Principles of PSO

Impartiality

Consent

Restraint

Objective / End State

Perseverance

Unity of Effort

Flexibility

Legitimacy

Security

Credibility

Mutual Respect

Transparency

Freedom of Movement and Action

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Legitimacy

Perceived Legitimacy

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Principles – Civ Mil Coop

“The co-ordination and co-operation,in support of the mission,between the NATO commander

and

civil actors, including national population and local authorities, as well as international, national and non-governmental organizations and agencies.“

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End

State

Military

Diplomatic Line of Operation

Economic

Reconstruction

End State

Military Operations within a Wider Context

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Summary

A complex environment with many actors

They are discretionary, so legitimacy will always be an issue

Military activities will be in support. The military end state will only contribute to the decisive outcome

Recognise the primacy of the political line of activity – have a comprehensive understanding of the problem

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Questions?