Name: ________________________________________________________ Class: ___________ Date: ______________

PAP Animal Systems and Interactions Test Review1. List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. (Organs, cells, tissues, organ system, organism.)

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________ ________________

2. Which systems would be involved if you were to accidentally touch a stove? Explain what each system would do.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Where in the body is the enzyme Pepsin released? Trypsin?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do the circulatory and immune systems play a role in protecting the body against foreign pathogens?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What might an individual be doing if their breathing rate and heart rate increases?

a) Sleeping b) Eating c) Walking slowly d) Strenuous exercise

6. Explain the 2 different types of digestion.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. In plants the epidermal cells and guard cells protect the plant from injury and water loss, while the stomata allow

gas exchange. Which 2 systems of the human body are these similar to and why?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Enzymes connect to the active site of a substrate using which of the following ways?

a) Lock and Key b) Homeostasis c) Filtration d) Osmosis

9. Which of the following correctly describes the interaction of two biological systems for a specific purpose in the

human body?

10. Where is salivary amylase found? What is its role during digestion?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

What causes the increased production of erythropoietin and what does this trigger?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

What effect could Chronic Kidney Disease have on red blood cell production?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. List the 3 different cellular portions of blood and what their functions are.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Which of the following would cause a significant rise in white blood cell production?

a) Heat b) Bacterial Infection c) Eating a large meal d) Sunburn

14. Which of the following are on the same organizational level?

a) Kidney and Heart b) Skeleton and epithelial tissue c) Squamous cell and pancreas d) Endocrine system and gall bladder

15. Name the following systems from the pictures below.

16. Toxoplasmosis is an infection producing brain lesions caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondi. Mice with their gonads removed are more resistant to T. gondii and develop very few lesions on their brain tissue. The graph shows the results of a scientific study of normal mice infected with T. gondii.

List the 2 systems that will most likely interact and cause the severity of infections to vary.___________________________________________________________________________________________

17. List the main functions of the different body systems.

Muscular____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Integumentary_______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Skeletal_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Immune_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Excretory____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Respiratory__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Circulatory___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Digestive____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Nervous_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Endocrine___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Reproductive_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

18. Define Homeostasis

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Homeostasis occurs in which of the following Kingdoms? Circle all correct answers.

a) Archaebacteria

b) Eubacteria

c) Protista

d) Fungi

e) Plantae

f) Animalia

g) All of the above

20. Define the following feedback loops. Give an example for each one.

Positive Feedback

____________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Negative Feedback

____________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

21. State whether each of the following indicates ne g a t i v e or po s i t iv e feedback:

An increase of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in blood pH. The drop in blood pH is detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery. These receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata in the brain, which then stimulates increased breathing. Increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from the blood, returning blood pH to normal levels.

If blood temperature rises too high, specialized neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain sense the change. These neurons signal other nerve centers, which in turn send signals to the blood vessels of the skin. As these blood vessels dilate, more blood flows close to the body surface and excess heat radiates from the body.

During childbirth, the fetus is pushed against the uterine opening, causing it to stretch. Receptors that detect the stretching send signals to the brain. The brain sends both neural and hormonal signals which increase both the contraction force and the contraction frequency in the smooth muscles of the uterus. This continues until the baby is delivered through the birth canal.

The walls of arteries stretch in the presence of high blood pressure. Baroreceptors located in these walls also stretch and as a result, a signal is sent to the brain which in turn slows down the body’s heart rate. This slows the flow of blood through the arteries causing less pressure. As BP drops the baroreceptors become flaccid and a signal is sent to speed up the heart rate.

System Interactions

22. Directions: In the box to the right write the 2 systems that are involved The blood carries nutrients to other parts of the body

The liver removes amino groups from amino acids to produce urea. The urea is removed from the body as

urine.

Nurses are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganism. How does the body protect itself from these pathogens?

A rabbit is outrunning a coyote.

A young bird will cover itself in its owl foul smelling vomit for defense when it senses danger

An ovum moves from the ovary into the uterine tube where its migration toward the uterus is aided by

peristaltic contractions.

Wastes are filtered from the blood and are excreted from the body as urine

Constant supply of oxygen to the body while removing carbon dioxide waste products.

Two body systems that are most useful in getting nutrients from the food you eat to your brain.

23. Which organ in the digestive system is protein first broken down in?a) Stomach b) Mouth c) Small Intestine d) Large Intestine

24. If a person has a blood-calcium (Ca2+) level of 8 mg/100 mL of blood, which of the following mechanisms does the body use to maintain blood-calcium homeostasis?

A. The kidneys take of up more Ca2+ and release vitamin D.

B. The bones release Ca2+.

C. The intestines increase reabsorption of Ca2+.

D. All of the above

25. The following chart provides an example of which of the following?

a) Positive feedback loop b) The role of the endocrine system in increasing oxygen content of red blood cells c) Maintenance of homeostasis by a feedback mechanismd) Disruption of homeostasis by exercise

26. This controls the speed of our body’s biochemical reactions. It does this by controlling the speed of enzyme activity as well as the speed that electricity moves through the body. The scale is from 1 to 14.

a. Osmoregulationb. Thermoregulationc. pH regulationd. Glucoregulation