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Pelvis, Perineum, and the
Reproductive Systems
Objectives
Describe the contents and arrangement of structures in the pelvic cavity in both genders
Draw or describe in detail the pelvic diaphragm in both genders
Compare and contrast the reproductive systems and pelvic contents for clinical correlations
Analyze the role of the pelvic diaphragm in pressure balance
Pelvis
Greater Pelvis (False)Lesser Pelvis (True)
Ligaments
In the following AP pelvic radiograph, the arrow indicates:
A. the sacrotuberous ligament.
B. the ischial spine.
C. the ischial tuberosity.
D. the iliac tubercle.
E. a posteriorly dislocated femoral head.
the sa
crotu
berous l
igament.
the is
chial
spine.
the is
chial
tuber
osity.
the ili
ac tuberc
le.
a poste
riorly
disloca
ted fe
m...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Anteroinferior wall
Lateral walls
Posterior wall
Pelvic Diaphragm
The levator ani:
A. is innervated by pelvic splanchnic nerves.
B. actively contracts during coughing.
C. causes increased urination when spastic.
D. actively contracts during inspiration.
is inner
vate
d by pelvi
c spla.
..
active
ly co
ntracts
during c
ou...
cause
s incre
ased
urinati
on ...
active
ly co
ntracts
during i
nsp...
25% 25%25%25%
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the sacral plexus?
A. It is located on the posterolateral wall of the lesser pelvis.
B. It is related to the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle.
C. It is joined by the lumbosacral trunk.
D. It may be compressed during parturition, resulting in lower limb pain.
E. Most of its branches exit the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.
It is
locate
d on the poste
rola.
..
It is
related
to th
e ante
rior s
...
It is
joined by the lu
mbosacra
...
It may
be compre
ssed durin
...
Most
of its b
ranch
es exit
the...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Bladder - Male
Bladder - Female
Urethrae
Rectum
Clinical Relevance
Chronic constipation caused by PFD
Urinary incontinence and Overactive bladder
Twice as common in women
Pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, anatomy
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Female Anatomy
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pelvic diaphragm?
A. It separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum.
B. It is pierced by the vagina in females.
C. It helps maintain urinary continence.
D. It helps maintain fecal continence.
E. It is synonymous with the levator ani.
It se
parates t
he pelv
ic ca
vity..
.
It is
pierced by t
he vagin
a in...
It help
s main
tain urin
ary co
n...
It help
s main
tain fe
cal c
onti...
It is
synonym
ous with
the l
e...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Pressure balance and stabilization
Thoracic inlet
Thorax
Thoracic outlet
Abdomen
Pelvic inlet
Pelvis
Pelvic outlet
Respiratory pump
Vena Cava
During inspiration, thorax has negative pressure while abdomen has positive pressure
Pulls blood up into thorax, pushes blood out of abdomen
Other factors that increase abdominal and pelvic pressure
Inspiration
Coughing
Sneezing
Lifting/Stabilizing
Effect on pelvis
With high abdominal pressure, pressure in pelvis increases
Your patient is a new mom. Which of the following do you need to be aware of?
A. The pelvic diaphragm may be stretched or torn
B. The coccyx may be broken
C. Your patient may feel pain sitting
D. All of these!
The pelvic d
iaphragm
ma...
The coccy
x may be bro
ken
Your patient m
ay fe
el pai...
All of t
hese!
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Final Exam
75 total questions
15 T/F
60 MC
2+ hours
Rules
Review
Your patient has a weak serratus anterior. Which activity would you prescribe to strengthen it?
A. Chin upsB. RowsC. Jumping jacksD. Planks
Chin upsRows
Jumping j
acks
Planks
25% 25%25%25%
Your patient turned their head too fast and felt sudden pain right behind their ear. Which nerve was pulled on?
A. Lesser occipitalB. Great auricularC. Transverse
cervicalD. supraclavicular
Lesse
r occ
ipital
Great a
uricular
Tran
sverse
cervi
cal
supra
clavic
ular
25% 25%25%25%
