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Life in the Polar RegionsAntarctic Plant and Animal Life
with Special Emphasis on
Penguins
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Arctic and Antarctic: Perfect
Laboratories Antarctic Peninsula excellent place to
study species evolution home to many
amazing adaptations.
Arctic Historical Records deep in the
ice CO2
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Map of Antarctica
www.map-of-
antarctica.us/
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Antarctica Characteristics
Covered in ice and snow little ice-free land for
plantcolonization
Summer growing season (Dec. Feb.) near freezing.
High winds all year round
A virtual desert inland, several meters of snow fall alongcoast
annually
No trees or shrubs, only two species flowering plants,( inSouth
Orkney Islands, the South Shetland Islands andwestern Antarctic
Peninsula.)
Moss and lichen in wetter areas. Greatest species diversity
along western side of
Antarctic Peninsula, where climate is generally warmerand
wetter.
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Challenges to Life at the Poles Plants and Animals must adapt
to:
Cold
Drought
Short growing season
Long days, Long nights
More recently, small changes in climatecan mean dramatic changes
for life at
the poles
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AntarcticM
ammals Seals (Leopard, Ross, Weddell,
Crabeater) *
Whales (Baleen Blue, Humpback,
Toothed - Sperm)*
Orca (in the dolphin family, referred to
as toothed whale)*
*Also found in Arctic
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Whales
Orca Blue Whale
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Invertebrates On the whole Antarctic continent, the only
creaturesthat really live on the land are insects.
Midges and mites live in patches of moss that grow
on rocky mountain sides, in spots that are sheltered
from the wind, the insect eggs stay frozen all winter,
and thaw and hatch the next year. The moss they live
in often grows near bird rookeries, where it is
fertilized by bird excrement -- called "guano.
Ticks and lice also live on the sea birds, penguins,and
seals
The largest land-living creature on the entire
continent is the wingless fly, about six mm long
(about 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch).Project Explore, Val Olnes, Univ.
of Minn.
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Antarctic Birds Petrels (Wilsons storm, Cape, Snow)
Albatross (black browed, grey headed,
light mantled
Blue-eyed cormorant (Phalacrocoraxatriceps)
Penguins (Emperor, Adelie, Chinstrap,King, Royal, Rockhopper,
Magellanic)
Arctic Tern
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Flightless birds belonging to thefamily Spheniscidae.
17 species world-wide, all of whichbreed in the Southern
hemisphere.
Name believed to have originated
from the Welsh "pen gwyn" whichmeans white head
Indicators/Canaries/Marine Sentinels
Penguins in Particular
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Adlie, Pygoscelis adeliaeMost highly studied, named after an
area of the
Peninsula called Adelie Land (Adele, wife of
explorer Jules Dumont dUrville) Least
conspicuous, very good camouflage from
predators. Estimated at 2.5 million pairs, largest
population near Ross Sea.
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Other Climate Change EffectsBesides loss of sea ice at
the northern tip of the
Antarctic Peninsula, a
warmer atmosphere is
holding more moisturethere, resulting in
greater deposits of
snow. Adlies need
snow-free areas to
breed, to be able to findstones to build its nests.
Heavier snow fall
causes suitable nesting
areas to disappear.
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Magellanic (Patagonian)
Breed in burrows nearshore
Very shy, non-aggressive
Feed on fish and squid
Breed mostly onislands, esp. Falkland
Islands Sometimes called
jackass due to brayingcall
Tim Mason
Tim Mason
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http://mesh.biology.washington.edu/penguinProject/follow
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The End
Made by:
lipsa kataria
Class:
7thb
Roll no.:
22
