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7/26/2019 People Friendly Design
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PEOPLE-FRIENDLY DESIGN
CASE STUDIES AND PANEL
DISCUSSION
Nicole Walters
Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society
of Australia
SA Branch
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9.00am to 9.20am Welcome Nicole Walters
9.25am to 9.45am Greg Walters. State Manager, Sinclair Knight Merz
9.50am to 10.10am Ben Luther. SQNLDR, ARDU ASO & Flight Test
Safety Officer, DSTO
10.10am to 10.20am Stretch break
10.20am to 10.40am Kevin Prunty. Management Systems andOperations - SA & Victoria, GM Holden Ltd
10.40 am to 11.15am (25 minutes) Group
exercise
11.20am to 11.50am Panel discussion
(Speakers)
Guest Speakers
11.50am to 12.00pm Wrap-up Nicole Walters
Timings
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People-friendly design is where human factors and
ergonomic principles are incorporated into design,so that
the personis considered a central and essential part of the
design process.
Setting the context
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Systems designed to fit people (not vice-versa).
Reduces training time.
Minimises human error.
Improves comfort, safety, and productivity
User-Centered Design
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Scope of Human Factors
Copied from Introduction to Human Factors 2010 Dr. Steve Kass, Department of Psychology, University of West Florida
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Everythin g people interact w ith!
Focuses upon human interaction with:
Products
Equipment
Facilities
Procedures
EnvironmentsWHS harmonised legislative requirements
Ergonomics in design
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Australian Work Health
and Safety Strategy 2012
2022
seven action areas
Healthy & Safe by Design
Safe Work Australia
Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 20122022
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Action area
Hazards are eliminated or minimised by design
Structures, plant and substances are designed to
eliminate or minimise hazards and risks beforethey are introduced into the workplace.
Work, work processes and systems of work are
designed and managed to eliminate or minimise
hazards and risks.
Healthy and safe by design
Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 20122022
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NOHSC Research finding (1997
2002)
Design contributed to -
37% of work-related serious and fatal injuries
Most affected industries: mining, construction, transport,agriculture, trade and manufacturing
Solutions exist for most of the identified design problems
Inferior design continues to be a significant contributor to
work-related serious injury in Australia
Why design for safety?
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Safe Design Process
Integration of hazard identification andrisk assessmentmethods early in the design process to eliminateorminimise
the risks of injury throughout the life of the product being
designed.
A product may be:Buildings, facilities, structures, layouts, configurations
Plant including machinery, equipment, appliances and tools
Substances and materials
Work methods and systems of work
ASCC2006 Guidance on The Principles of Safe Design for Work
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WHS Act - duties of PCBU that design plant, substancesand structures
WHS Regulationsduties of designers in specific
regulations e.g. hazardous manual tasks, noise, plant
Codes of Practice e.g.
Safe Design of Structures
Hazardous Manual Tasks
Managing Noise & Preventing Hearing Loss at Work
WHS Legislation
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Information
Theory
Memory
Resources
Attention
Resources
Compatibility
Expectations
Input Modalities
AnthropometricsStrength
capability
Visual acuity
Acoustic
sensitivity
Human Considerations
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Five fundamental fallaciesof Ergonomics
1. This design is satisfactory for me, therefore it will be satisfactory for
everybody else.
2. This design is satisfactory for the average person, it will therefore be
satisfactory for everybody else.
3. The variability of human beings is so great that it cannot possibly be catered
for in any designbut since people are so wonderfully adaptableit doesn'tmatter anyway.
4. Ergonomics is expensive and since products are actually purchased on
appearance and styling, ergonomics considerations can be conveniently
ignored.
5. Ergonomics is an excellent idea. I always design things with ergonomics in
mindbut I do it intuitivelyand rely on my common sense so I don't need data.
Pheasant, Stephen (1988) 'Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design 'Taylor and Francis, London p. 8
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Shhhh!................. Here comes one now!
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We cannot change the Human Condition
but we can change the conditions
in which humans work.
James Reason
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Greg Walters -State Manager South Australia, Sinclair
Knight Merz
Ben Luther SQNLDR, ARDU ASO & Flight Test Safety
Officer, DSTO
Kevin Prunty -Management Systems and Operations - SA &
Victoria, GM Holden Ltd
Speakers
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Taking human factors into account as part of the
engineering /design /process requires the design of:
Equipment,
Products,
Operations,
Procedures,
Work environments.
such that they are compatible with the capabilities,
limitations and needs of the workers.
How to incorporate HF in the design process?
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Equipment Designchange physical equipment
Task Designchange how task is accomplished
Environmental Designchange features of the work environment
Trainingchange worker behavior by providing skills and teaching
procedures
Selectionrecognise individual differences in ability to accomplish
work
Approaches for Problem-Solving
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People Friendly
Design in the Built
Environment
Greg WaltersSA State Manager SKM
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Basic Physiology (ergonomics)
Stressors
Cognition and Decision Making
Teamwork, Communication and Culture
Human Error
People Friendly Design Human Factors
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Workspace Physiology
Office fit out considerationsworkstations, space, noise,
light, amenity, quiet rooms, how teams interact, open space v
offices, morale, cost
Workspace Design
Basic Physiology Office Design and Fitout
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Workstation Ergonomics
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Physiological
Nutrition(Well Being)
Illness(Health)
Psychological
Anxiety and Stress(Well Being)
Workload and Task Complexity
Sleep and Fatigue(Safety)
Environmental
Temperature and Humidity(Health and Safety) Noise and Vibration(Health and Safety)
Stressors
http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851060http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851057http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851058http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851062http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851062http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851058http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851057http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=18510607/26/2019 People Friendly Design
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Health and Well Being
Mental Health
Employee Assistance Program
Stressors
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The person is considered a central and essential part of
the design process.
People friendly design is more than just ergonomics.
Implementation takes leadership.
Key Lessons Learned
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Making Planes
That Work
Ben Luther
- human factors in aviation
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Aerodynamics: weight / space
Problem Space
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Situational
Awareness
Problem Space
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Crew
Problem Space
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Talent pool
Capability
Training
Cost
Safety
Benefits
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Gauges
Technical Examples
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Gauges
Technical Examples
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Gauges
Technical Examples
098.95
N1% Prop%
Engine
099.65
100.85099.45
099.05
099.35
098.80099.75
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Placement (prioritisation)
Technical Examples
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PC-9 OLM
G-gauge
Case Studies
6.5 g
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KC-30 pilot stick
Use in AAR
Case Studies
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Complex problems complex solutions
Operating environment matters
Conclusion
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Our emp loyees are ou r most p recious asset .
The vehicle build process must not injure our workers.
Processes must be based on sound ergonomic principles.
Assembly process must be designed around the worker.
You cant manage what you dont measure!
Comparing apples with apples helps. Standardization and
leveraging global experience and support..
Building Cars with People as the Focus.
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Carpet Lifter
Designed around ergonomic manual
handling and safe and secure manipulation
of vehicle carpet.
Previously high ergonomic risk.
Case Studies.
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Vehicle Battery Lifter
Designed around safe and secure
manipulation of Battery.
Previously awkward and heavy.
Case Studies.
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VF Commodore - Front end access. Designed to provide ergonomically sound
access to the front end of the vehicle for
fitment and assembly of components. Earlier models (pre VE) required awkward
and unsafe access into engine bay.
Case Studies.
Case Studies
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Tools utilised for ergonomic review.
GEST 2. (Global Ergonomic Screening Tool) 3DSSP Analysis.
Case Studies.
Case Studies
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Case Studies.
Case Studies
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Case Studies.
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Consultation
Group Exercise
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Consultation
Consulting in the workplace with those
potentially affected by the design decisions.
Consultation involves the sharing of
information, giving workers a reasonable
opportunity to express their views and taking
those views into account before making
decisions on health and safety matters.
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Group exercise
Break up into small groups and discuss the following:
Where does consultation fit into people-friendly design?
How can workers participate/contribute in the design process?
How are workers currently involved in the design process in
your workplace?
How can worker consultation be improved?
Each group to come up with at least two take home messages
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Panel discussion
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Panel discussion about the safety strategies of people
friendly designs:
Benefits of people-friendly design from a WHS, comfort
and efficiency perspective
Key lessons learned through the process.
Panel Discussion
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Wrap up
What do you think of the five fundamental fallacies?
What are the key learnings from the session?
Human Factors and Ergonomic Society
www.ergonomics.org.au
Thank our speakers today
www.ergonomics.org.au
http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/7/26/2019 People Friendly Design
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Five fundamental fallaciesof Ergonomics
1. This design is satisfactory for me, therefore it will be satisfactory for
everybody else.
2. This design is satisfactory for the average person, it will therefore be
satisfactory for everybody else.
3. The variability of human beings is so great that it cannot possibly be catered
for in any designbut since people are so wonderfully adaptableit doesn't
matter anyway.
4. Ergonomics is expensive and since products are actually purchased on
appearance and styling, ergonomics considerations can be conveniently
ignored.
5. Ergonomics is an excellent idea. I always design things with ergonomics in
mindbut I do it intuitivelyand rely on my common sense so I don't need data.
Pheasant, Stephen (1988) 'Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design 'Taylor and Francis, London p. 8
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