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ReligionPeople from different ethnic groups may share the same religion; through they may be from very different cultures.
Religion has been important to the history of the Middle East.
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism were started in this region.
People who follow Judaism are called Jews.
Followers of Christianity are called Christians.
Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
Origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
The three major religions that originated in Southwest Asia are Islam, Judaism, & Christianity.
All are based on monotheism, a belief in one god. Each religion has a sacred text, or book, which is at
the core of its faith. Each book is a collection of writings compiled over
time. None was written by the central figure of the faith. All three faiths trace their ancestry back thousands
of years to the prophet Abraham
Islam
World’s second largest religion; monotheistic
Developed in Saudi Arabia
Worship in Mosques
Holy Book- Koran (Qur'an)
Key Beliefs: AD 600s- Arabia had no central government; clans fought for
wealth and power. People went to Mecca to worship many gods & goddesses.
Islam was began by Muhammad (born in Mecca, Arabia.)
Raised by uncle and grandfather.
Muhammad believed the angel Gabriel came to him and told him he was God’s prophet.
Began teaching that Allah was the only true God
Key Beliefs: However, Muhammad’s beliefs were not popular
622- he & his followers were forced to flee from Mecca to Medina- known as the Hegira
Thus, began the Muslim calendar
Two groups formed:
Sunnis- 80% Muslims today; strictly interpret the Koran & Muhammad’s teachings
Shi’ites- broke away and followed Muhammad’s son-in-law
The Five Pillars of Islam is the term for the religion’s five main beliefs.
The Five Pillars are: Believe in only one God and Muhammad is his
messenger (Shahada) Pray in the direction of Mecca five times a day (Salat) Donate money to the poor (Zakat) Fast during the month of Ramadan (Sawm)Make a journey, or hajj, to Mecca at least once.
Cannot eat pork or drink alcoholCannot make idols
Origins of Judaism Oldest major religion
First monotheistic religion
Primarily the religion of one people- the Jews
Believe in the coming of the Messiah- a savior who will deliver the Jewish people from their enemies & establish a time of peace and properity
Its book is the Hebrew Bible – aka The Torah.
Names Abraham as the “father of the Jews”
Abraham was called by God to enter into a covenant with him. God promised to bless and guide the Hebrews if they would obey his law.
God told Abraham to move into the land of Palestine and promised him a new nation (Israel) if he would obey. Abraham did, & his descendants lived there for many years.
Eventually, the Hebrews were taken as slaves by the Egyptians.
Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt- this is called the Exodus
God would later give Mosey the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai
3 types of Jews: Orthodox, Conservative, & Reform
Sacred Texts :To ra h - f i r s t 5 b o o k s o f O l d Te s t a m e n t ; c o n s i s t s o f
l a w s g ive n t o M o s e s by Yay we h ( G o d )T h e re s t o f t h e H e b r e w B i b l e - h i s t o r y & w i s e
t e a c h i n g sTa l m u d - m o r e w r i t i n g o n J e w i s h l a w, h i s t o r y, &
f o l k l o reRabbi-re l ig ious leaderWorship in synagoguesVocabulary:
Sabbath – The seventh day of the week, Saturday, observed by Jews as a day of worship and rest
Kosher – fit to be eaten, according to Jewish dietary laws Passover – Jewish festival marking the flight or Exodus of the
Israelites from Egypt
Origins of Christianity
World’s largest religion
Old Testament & New Testament (the Gospels- 4 books describing life and teachings of Jesus, others are letters and sermons written by early Christians)
Christmas- birth of Christ
Easter- Christ’s resurrections
3 types- Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
Jesus Christ- the Messiah told of in the Jewish scriptures; believed to be God in human form; came to save humans from sin & eternal death
Born in Bethlehem, grew up in Nazareth as a Jew
Preached message of love & forgiveness; drew large crowds
Crucified by Roman soldiers, rose again 3 days later (resurrection- Easter)
Lived among disciples for 40 days; then, rose to Heaven
Holy Wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land in the Middle East
What caused them?
Ottoman Empire kept expanding and Europeans were fearful of being taken over
Religious revival during this time
Economic opportunities (get land, power, material goods)
Provided a way out for the serfs
Eight crusades in all, but did NOT succeed in taking over Jerusalem for the Christian West
Increased trade, developed better ships, destroyed feudalism, created permanent divisions between the 3 religions
Task:
Use notes to create a tri(3)-circle Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the 3 types of religion
ISLAM
CH
RIS
TIA
NIT
YJUD
AIS
M
1. STARTED IN ME
2. MONOTHEISM
3. JERUSALEM THE HOLY CITY
JEWS CHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS
LARGEST
2ND LARGEST
12TH LARGEST
QUR’AN
1. OLD TESTAMENT
FRIDAY
MOSQUE
SYNAGOGUE
CHURCH
622 CE
33 CE
SAUDI ARABIA
2. CHURCH STATE SEPARATE
SATURDAY
SUNDAY
MUHAMMAD
ABRAHAM
JESUS
1. DENY RESURRECTION OF JESUS
1. VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS
2. BELIEVE IN A SECOND COMING
OF JESUS
DISBELIEVE IN THE 2ND COMING OF JESUS
3. PALESTINE
4. GOOD DEEDS = SALVATION
2100 BCE
CHURCH AND STATE INTEGRATED
BELIEVE IN RESURRECTION OF JESUS
